4 plateia 2012 eng longitudinal

LONGITUDINAL SECTIONS

Users’ Manual

PLATEIA PLATEIA PLATEIA PLATEIA 2012201220122012

Innovative IT and Environmental Technologies, d.o.o.

Contents

1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 5

About Longitudinal Sections Module .................................................................................. 5

1.1. Menu Commands with Short Descriptions ................................................................... 5

1.2. Layers .......................................................................................................................... 7

2. Command descriptions of the Longitudinal section Module............................................ 10

2.1. 31A31A31A31A - Project ............................................................................................................. 10

2.2. 31B31B31B31B - Define Axes ..................................................................................................... 11

2.3. 31C31C31C31C - Tables ............................................................................................................. 14

2.4. 31D31D31D31D - Terrain ............................................................................................................ 22

2.5. 31E31E31E31E – Projected objects ............................................................................................. 30

2.6. 31F31F31F31F - Draw horizontal elements ................................................................................ 33

2.7. 31G31G31G31G - Tangents and vertical alignment ..................................................................... 36

2.8. 31H31H31H31H - Edit tangents and vertical alignment ............................................................... 46

2.9. 31I 31I 31I 31I - Intersections ..................................................................................................... 59

2.10. 31J31J31J31J - Roadway widenings ........................................................................................ 62

2.11. 31K31K31K31K - Cross-falls .................................................................................................... 64

2.12. 31M31M31M31M - Label lanes and road edges .......................................................................... 80

2.13. 31N31N31N31N - SAVE LONGITUDINAL SECTION -> LS ............................................................ 82

2.14. 31O31O31O31O - Rehabilitation ................................................................................................ 84

2.15. 31P31P31P31P – Mass Haul ...................................................................................................... 94

2.16. 31Q31Q31Q31Q - Stop visibility length calculation .................................................................. 100

2.17. 31R31R31R31R - Roadway-Surface control ............................................................................. 103

2.18. 31S31S31S31S - Road sewer system ...................................................................................... 106

2.19. 31T31T31T31T – Superimposed profile .................................................................................. 113

2.20. 31U31U31U31U - Break long. section ...................................................................................... 116

2.21. 31V31V31V31V - Tools ........................................................................................................... 119

1. Introduction

About Longitudinal Sections Module

The Longitudinal Sections module is a part of the PLATEIA software system. It is used for the

longitudinal sections and vertical alignment design as a part of different engineering tasks

like road and railway design, hydrology etc. This module uses terrain and axes data prepared

by the Layout and Axes modules that are parts of the same software system. These data sets

can be prepared in any text editor by typing of the proper data in the required format.

The Longitudinal Sections module contains a comprehensive set of commands for interactive

or batch insertion of terrain lines and tangents, design of vertical alignment, calculation of

superelevations based on the horizontal alignment, design of the roadway rehabilitation and

fast calculation of cut and fill volumes.

1.1. Menu Commands with Short Descriptions

• A A A A ---- PROJECTPROJECTPROJECTPROJECT

Manage Project File and set System Variable.

• B B B B ---- DEFINEDEFINEDEFINEDEFINE AXES AXES AXES AXES

Define current axis and road category.

• C C C C ---- TABLESTABLESTABLESTABLES

Define, draw and edit the longitudinal section table. Together with the set of columns

required by the system, every table can include user-defined columns.

• D D D D ---- SCALE SETTINGSSCALE SETTINGSSCALE SETTINGSSCALE SETTINGS

Set the desired vertical and horizontal scales, draw the axes system and set the

reactors.

• E E E E ---- TERRAINTERRAINTERRAINTERRAIN

Draw the multiple terrain levels, save the terrain data in an appropriate file, delete the

terrain lines and exclude the points based on distance between two points and angle

difference.

• F F F F ---- DRAW HORIZONTAL ALIGNMENTDRAW HORIZONTAL ALIGNMENTDRAW HORIZONTAL ALIGNMENTDRAW HORIZONTAL ALIGNMENT

Define plan alignments of the road.

• G G G G ---- TANGENTSTANGENTSTANGENTSTANGENTS AND VERTICAL ALIGNMENTAND VERTICAL ALIGNMENTAND VERTICAL ALIGNMENTAND VERTICAL ALIGNMENT

Create interactive and packet tangent, work with tables, save the tangent data and

delete the tangents. Draw the curved vertical alignment.

• HHHH ---- EDIT EDIT EDIT EDIT TANGENTS AND TANGENTS AND TANGENTS AND TANGENTS AND VERTICAL ALIGNMENTVERTICAL ALIGNMENTVERTICAL ALIGNMENTVERTICAL ALIGNMENT

Edit and delete the vertical alignment curvature and move the curvature table.

• J J J J ---- ROADWAY WIDTHSROADWAY WIDTHSROADWAY WIDTHSROADWAY WIDTHS

Draw the roadway offset.

• K K K K ---- CROSSCROSSCROSSCROSS----FALLSFALLSFALLSFALLS

Draw the cross falls based on horizontal alignment elements, any specific slope, label

and save the cross fall data in an appropriate project file.

• L L L L ---- VERTICAL JUMPS BETWEEN LANESVERTICAL JUMPS BETWEEN LANESVERTICAL JUMPS BETWEEN LANESVERTICAL JUMPS BETWEEN LANES

Define vertical jumps between lanes.

• M M M M ---- LABEL LANES AND ROAD EDGESLABEL LANES AND ROAD EDGESLABEL LANES AND ROAD EDGESLABEL LANES AND ROAD EDGES

Calculate and label the lane edges.

• N N N N ---- SAVE LONGITUDINAL SECTIONSAVE LONGITUDINAL SECTIONSAVE LONGITUDINAL SECTIONSAVE LONGITUDINAL SECTION

Save the basic data that defines longitudinal section of the road in the appropriate

project file (tangents, vertical curves, minimal and maximal elevations of vertical

alignment, road edges, cross slopes, jumps and alignment elevations in individual

cross sections).

• O O O O ---- REHREHREHREHABILITATIONABILITATIONABILITATIONABILITATION

Manage road rehabilitation design, define the existing cross slopes, calculate minimal

elevation of vertical alignment and determine elevation differences between old and

new vertical alignment.

• P P P P ---- QUICK VOLUMEQUICK VOLUMEQUICK VOLUMEQUICK VOLUME----CALCULATIONCALCULATIONCALCULATIONCALCULATION

Calculate the cut and fill volumes and draw the volume line.

• Q Q Q Q ---- STOP VISIBILITY LENGTH CALCULATIONSTOP VISIBILITY LENGTH CALCULATIONSTOP VISIBILITY LENGTH CALCULATIONSTOP VISIBILITY LENGTH CALCULATION

Calculate and draw stop visibility graph.

• R R R R ---- ROADWAYROADWAYROADWAYROADWAY----SURFACE CONTROLSURFACE CONTROLSURFACE CONTROLSURFACE CONTROL

Calculate the resultant slope of a roadway and prepare the data for drawing of the

roadway contours. Enable interactive and batch insertion of ditches, labeling and

saving in the appropriate project file.

• S S S S ---- SEWAGE SYSTEMSEWAGE SYSTEMSEWAGE SYSTEMSEWAGE SYSTEM

Draw and label sewage system.

• T T T T ---- DRAW LONG. SECTION AUTOMATICALLYDRAW LONG. SECTION AUTOMATICALLYDRAW LONG. SECTION AUTOMATICALLYDRAW LONG. SECTION AUTOMATICALLY

The whole longitudinal section can be generated automatically based on the date

stored in a set of appropriate files.

• U U U U ---- BREAK LONG. SECTIONBREAK LONG. SECTIONBREAK LONG. SECTIONBREAK LONG. SECTION

The command group is intended for preparation of longitudinal section for plotting.

Using the 31U commands, you cut longitudinal section to the smaller sections and

arrange them in a layout space.

• V V V V ---- TOOLSTOOLSTOOLSTOOLS

Enable editing of the longitudinal section design by means of special tools and

utilities.

• Z Z Z Z ---- UNLOAD PLATEIA LONG. SECTIONSUNLOAD PLATEIA LONG. SECTIONSUNLOAD PLATEIA LONG. SECTIONSUNLOAD PLATEIA LONG. SECTIONS

Unload the PLATEIA Longitudinal section menu.

1.2. Layers

This section describes the layers used by the Longitudinal Sections module. All layers are

switched on by the appropriate function in real-time. The names of all the layers used by the

Longitudinal Sections module start with a prefix »30_« or »31_« so they can not be confused

with the layers that belong to any other program modules. You can define its own custom

layers with the standard AutoCAD layer management commands.

Layer names and their short descriptions are listed in the following table:

Layer Name Layer description

30_SENSOR sensor of the individual lsensor of the individual lsensor of the individual lsensor of the individual longitudinal section designongitudinal section designongitudinal section designongitudinal section design

30_TEMPLATE frame of the longitudinal section designframe of the longitudinal section designframe of the longitudinal section designframe of the longitudinal section design

30_SECTION_NAME code of the longitudinal sectioncode of the longitudinal sectioncode of the longitudinal sectioncode of the longitudinal section

30_TABLE_NAME column names in longitudinal section tablecolumn names in longitudinal section tablecolumn names in longitudinal section tablecolumn names in longitudinal section table

30_CONSTR_LINES different construction linesdifferent construction linesdifferent construction linesdifferent construction lines

30_TERRAIN main terrmain terrmain terrmain terrain lineain lineain lineain line

30_TERRAIN_VERT vertical extension lines for the terrainvertical extension lines for the terrainvertical extension lines for the terrainvertical extension lines for the terrain

31_TANGENTS tangentstangentstangentstangents

30_TANG_SLOPE schematic presentation of slopes of tangentsschematic presentation of slopes of tangentsschematic presentation of slopes of tangentsschematic presentation of slopes of tangents

31_VERT_ALIGNM vertical alignmentvertical alignmentvertical alignmentvertical alignment

31_VERT_CURVES labels of vertical curveslabels of vertical curveslabels of vertical curveslabels of vertical curves

31_AVERT_ALIGNM_LABELS labelilabelilabelilabeling of the vertical alignment extremesng of the vertical alignment extremesng of the vertical alignment extremesng of the vertical alignment extremes

30_CUT hatch of the cuthatch of the cuthatch of the cuthatch of the cut

30_FILL hatch of the fillhatch of the fillhatch of the fillhatch of the fill

31_ROAD_WIDTH_LEFT left road widthsleft road widthsleft road widthsleft road widths

31_ROAD_WIDTH_RIGHT right road widthsright road widthsright road widthsright road widths

31_EXPANSIONS_LEFT left road expansionsleft road expansionsleft road expansionsleft road expansions

31_EXPANSIONS_RIGHT right road expansionsright road expansionsright road expansionsright road expansions

31_SUPERELEV_LEFT cross slopes left of the centerlinecross slopes left of the centerlinecross slopes left of the centerlinecross slopes left of the centerline

31_SUPERELEV_RIGHT cross slopes right of the centerlinecross slopes right of the centerlinecross slopes right of the centerlinecross slopes right of the centerline

31_SUPERELEV_TMP cross slopes of the old roadwaycross slopes of the old roadwaycross slopes of the old roadwaycross slopes of the old roadway

31_ROAD_EDGE_LEFT left edge of the roadwayleft edge of the roadwayleft edge of the roadwayleft edge of the roadway

31_ROAD_EDGE_RIGHT right edge of the roadwayright edge of the roadwayright edge of the roadwayright edge of the roadway

30_VOLUME_LINE cut / fill volume linecut / fill volume linecut / fill volume linecut / fill volume line

31_DITCH_LEFT ditches at the left sideditches at the left sideditches at the left sideditches at the left side

31_DITCH_RIGHT ditches at the right sideditches at the right sideditches at the right sideditches at the right side

31_RESULT_SLOPE resulting sloperesulting sloperesulting sloperesulting slope

30_TANGENT_POINTS construction points of a new vertical alignmentconstruction points of a new vertical alignmentconstruction points of a new vertical alignmentconstruction points of a new vertical alignment

30_PLINES PLINE objects inserted from layoutPLINE objects inserted from layoutPLINE objects inserted from layoutPLINE objects inserted from layout

30_SYMBOLS symbols of intersections with utility infrastructuresymbols of intersections with utility infrastructuresymbols of intersections with utility infrastructuresymbols of intersections with utility infrastructure

31_HATCH_BORDER vertical border lines of cut/fill hatching areasvertical border lines of cut/fill hatching areasvertical border lines of cut/fill hatching areasvertical border lines of cut/fill hatching areas

31_SUPERELEV_LEFT_1 left superelevation curveleft superelevation curveleft superelevation curveleft superelevation curve

31_SUPERELEV_RIGHT_1 right superelevation curveright superelevation curveright superelevation curveright superelevation curve

2. Command descriptions of the Longitudinal section Module

2.1. 31A - Project

Command group Project Following comprises the following commands:

• Set Project

• Explore working directory

• Settings

• Long.Sections-Icons

• Conversions

The description of the above commands can be found in the introductory part of this

manual.

Command name: REACTOR SETTINGSREACTOR SETTINGSREACTOR SETTINGSREACTOR SETTINGS

Command code: 31A3231A3231A3231A32

Icon:

Task: Switching reactors ON/OFFSwitching reactors ON/OFFSwitching reactors ON/OFFSwitching reactors ON/OFF

Input data:

Output data:

Layers:

See also commands:

The main purpose of the Reactors is to automatically erase all the connected elements based

on the selected one.

If the Reactors are switched on and you erase terrain line by using the AutoCAD ERASE

command, the content of the related rubrics will be erased automatically.

2.2. 31B - Define Axes

Command name: AXESAXESAXESAXES----MANAGERMANAGERMANAGERMANAGER

Command code: 31B31B31B31B

Icon:

Task: Managing the project’s axes: creating of a new axis, selecting the current axis, Managing the project’s axes: creating of a new axis, selecting the current axis, Managing the project’s axes: creating of a new axis, selecting the current axis, Managing the project’s axes: creating of a new axis, selecting the current axis,

deleting an axis, etc.deleting an axis, etc.deleting an axis, etc.deleting an axis, etc.

Input data: Via dialog boxVia dialog boxVia dialog boxVia dialog box

Output data: New layers (if a new axis has been dNew layers (if a new axis has been dNew layers (if a new axis has been dNew layers (if a new axis has been defined)efined)efined)efined)

Layers: This command does not use any.This command does not use any.This command does not use any.This command does not use any.

See also commands: 21C21C21C21C

With this command, you can manage existing axes in the drawing. Before creating a new

axis, you have to define it, select its initial properties (description, station, direction, etc.)

and select it as the current axis in the drawing. All AXES module commands affect only the

current axis (the name of the current axis is displayed in the status line). Once the axis

elements have been drawn, you can also use this command to modify the axis properties.

The Axes Manager dialog box explanation:

Active Axis Active Axis Active Axis Active Axis click this button to make the selected axis the current (active) one.

New New New New AxisAxisAxisAxis click this button to define a new axis name and its properties; when you define a new

axis, new layers are created (see also Introduction: Layers).

Erase Erase Erase Erase AxisAxisAxisAxis click this button to remove the axis from the drawing; when removing an axis from a

drawing, the appropriate layers are removed automatically.

Zoom in the drawing Zoom in the drawing Zoom in the drawing Zoom in the drawing by clicking this button you can zoom to the axis.

Select in theSelect in theSelect in theSelect in the drawing drawing drawing drawing by clicking this button you can select an axis by selecting one of its horizontal

elements.

Example: Example: Example: Example:

If you erase the horizontal element of an axis, the labels of the horizontal element are

erased too. To speed up global MOVE, ROTATE and similar operations, we recommend you

to deactivate reactors.

Setting Axis properties:

The Axis-data dialog box explanation:

AxisAxisAxisAxis----namenamenamename enter the name of the new axis (must not contain spaces – i.e., only one word is allowed).

DescriDescriDescriDescriptionptionptionption enter an additional description of the axis (an arbitrary string).

KmKmKmKm starting station in kilometers.

MMMM starting station in meters.

Station directionStation directionStation directionStation direction stations of the axis can either be increasing or decreasing (stations are usually

increasing, but in special cases – like, e.g., watercourses – stations can also be

decreasing).

VisibilityVisibilityVisibilityVisibility specify whether the axis will be visible or invisible (if you have more than one axis, you

can make one or more axes invisible). By making an axis invisible you automatically turn

off all the appropriate layers (see Introduction: Layers).

New feature in PLATEIA is defining road category for specific axis and not

for whole project. Now you can have multiple axes with different road

categories in same project.

The Slovene standard parameters dialog box explanation:

Road categoryRoad categoryRoad categoryRoad category select among different road categories available in the selected

standard,

TerrainTerrainTerrainTerrain----typetypetypetype list of terrain types,

VelocityVelocityVelocityVelocity velocity is calculated from Road category and Terrain type,

Critical parameters Critical parameters Critical parameters Critical parameters

overviewoverviewoverviewoverview

click to open the Critical parameters overview dialogue box:

The Critical parameters overview dialog box explanation:

RminRminRminRmin minimal allowed horizontal radius for curves,

LminLminLminLmin minimal allowed parameter L for spiral,

SmaxSmaxSmaxSmax maximal allowed longitudinal level fall

Rmin convRmin convRmin convRmin conv minimal allowed convex radius for vertical alignments,

Rmin concRmin concRmin concRmin conc minimal allowed concave radius for vertical alignments.

Values for critical parameters are checked in the following modules: Axes

and Longitudinal-sections. The program PLATEIA alerts you when some

road elements contain parameters outside the allowed range.

2.3. 31C - Tables

Table represents a basis for drawing of each longitudinal profile. Each drawing can contain

any number of tables for drawing the longitudinal profile. PLATEIA already contains some

predefined tables. User can freely customize them or create completely new ones. See

commands: 31C1, 31C2, 31C3 and 31C4.

Command name: TABLES MANAGERTABLES MANAGERTABLES MANAGERTABLES MANAGER

Command code: 31C131C131C131C1

Icon:

Task: create new or edit an existing longitudinal profile tablecreate new or edit an existing longitudinal profile tablecreate new or edit an existing longitudinal profile tablecreate new or edit an existing longitudinal profile table


Output data:

Layers:

See also commands: 31C2, 31C4, 31C2, 31C4, 31C2, 31C4, 31C2, 31C4, 31D31D31D31D1111

Use this command to create a new or edit an existing longitudinal profile table. The

properties of the table, such as row content, row names, height etc., can be managed with

this command.

After running the command the following dialog box appears:

Select the table that you want to edit from the combo box on the top of the dialog box. In

the centre, the list of rows of which the table is composed appears. Use the button to

remove the selected row. To add a row, select a rubric in the left-hand side list and click .

The pre-defined rows are grouped in groups, e.g. Kernel, Plateia, Aquaterra, Canalis, Electra.

To add a user-defined row, select item User. The selected row can be added to any position

in the table. The position of the rows can also be changed later with buttons and . In

the Settings frame, it is possible to modify row properties: name, spacing above the row, and

height.

The modifications are saved by clicking the button Add this table to table list. The following

dialog box will appear:

Table can be saved under a new name (in this case a new table will be created) or an existing

name. These changes apply globally to all future projects.

To remove a table from the global list of tables, click the button .

Command name: AUTOMATIC TABLES ARRAUTOMATIC TABLES ARRAUTOMATIC TABLES ARRAUTOMATIC TABLES ARRANGEMENTANGEMENTANGEMENTANGEMENT


Icon:

Task: automatically arranges longitudinal profile tables

Input data:

Output data:

Layers:

See also commands:

Use this command to automatically arrange longitudinal profile tables into rows and

columns. After running the command the following prompt appears in the command line:

Number of rows for arranging sections <2>:

Enter the number of rows. Below is an example of 5 profiles before (left) and after (right) the

arrangement.

Command name: EDIT CURRENT TABLEEDIT CURRENT TABLEEDIT CURRENT TABLEEDIT CURRENT TABLE


Icon:

Task: edit current table in the drawingedit current table in the drawingedit current table in the drawingedit current table in the drawing

Input data: specified in the dialog boxspecified in the dialog boxspecified in the dialog boxspecified in the dialog box

Output data: modified tablemodified tablemodified tablemodified table

Layers:

See also commands: 31C131C131C131C1

After running the command, the following dialog box appears:

In the centre, the list of rows of which the table is composed appears. Use the button to

remove the selected row. To add a row, select a rubric in the left-hand side list and click .

The pre-defined rows are grouped in groups, e.g. Kernel, Plateia, Aquaterra, Canalis, Electra.

To add a user-defined row, select item User. The selected row can be added to any position

in the table. The position of the rows can also be changed later with buttons and . In

the Settings frame, it is possible to modify row properties: name, spacing above the row, and

height. In the Data list the list of data that can be labelled in the selected row appears. Mark

indicates that the data is already set to be labelled in another row.

Also, the modifications can be saved by clicking the button Add this table to table list. The

following dialog box will appear:

The table is saved globally and is available to the future projects.

Command name: ERASE TABLEERASE TABLEERASE TABLEERASE TABLE


Icon:

Task: Erasing of table that was drawn using the Draw terrain command (Erasing of table that was drawn using the Draw terrain command (Erasing of table that was drawn using the Draw terrain command (Erasing of table that was drawn using the Draw terrain command (31D31D31D31D1)1)1)1)

Input data:

Output data:

Layers:

See also commands: 31D31D31D31D1111

Although there is an optional way of erasing a table using the AutoCAD Erase command, it is

recommended that you use the 31C5 command due to reactors in a table. You can perform

erasing by AutoCAD command only if you switch off the reactors in Reactor setting (31A32)

command.

Command name: SET NUMBER OF DECIMASET NUMBER OF DECIMASET NUMBER OF DECIMASET NUMBER OF DECIMAL PLACES IN RUBRICL PLACES IN RUBRICL PLACES IN RUBRICL PLACES IN RUBRIC


Icon:

Task: Automatic changing of number decimal places and text height in rubricsAutomatic changing of number decimal places and text height in rubricsAutomatic changing of number decimal places and text height in rubricsAutomatic changing of number decimal places and text height in rubrics

Input data: number of decimal places, text sizenumber of decimal places, text sizenumber of decimal places, text sizenumber of decimal places, text size

Output data: modified labmodified labmodified labmodified labelselselsels

Layers: 30_RUBRIC30_RUBRIC30_RUBRIC30_RUBRIC


This command enables automatic changing of number decimal places in rubrics. After

invoking this command, the command line reads:

Select text:

Using your mouse pointer, select any text in a rubric you want to set. The following dialog

box appears:

In the dialog box, one can change the number of decimal places (only active if the labels

contain numeric values) and text height. All labels of the selected type will be changed.

Command name: ERASE RUBRIC CONTENTERASE RUBRIC CONTENTERASE RUBRIC CONTENTERASE RUBRIC CONTENT


Icon:

Task: Erasing of rubric contentErasing of rubric contentErasing of rubric contentErasing of rubric content

Input data:

Output data:

Layers: 30_RUBRIC30_RUBRIC30_RUBRIC30_RUBRIC


By using the 31C8 command, you can erase content of any rubric. After invoking this

command, the command line reads:

Select label:

All labels of the selected type will be erased.

Command name: MOVE TABLEMOVE TABLEMOVE TABLEMOVE TABLE


Icon:

Task: Moving of profileMoving of profileMoving of profileMoving of profile

Input data:

Output data:

Layers:


Using the 31C9 command, move a profile to another position. After invoking this command,

the command line reads:

Select profile element:

Select an element of the profile that you wish to move. Then move the profile to the desired

location.

Command name: SET CURRENT TABLESET CURRENT TABLESET CURRENT TABLESET CURRENT TABLE

Command code: 31CA31CA31CA31CA

Icon:

Task: Setting of current longitudinal profile table for processing

Input data:

Output data:

Layers:

See also commands: 31C131C131C131C1

The commands of the longitudinal section module operate on the current profile. Current

profile is marked by black arrow (see figure below) in the drawing. To select a different

current profile, run this command and select an element of the profile that you wish to

become current.

2.4. 31D - Terrain

This command group contains commands for drawing and editing of the terrain lines and

exporting the terrain data to the appropriate file.

The DRAW TERRAIN (31D1) command is used for inserting the main terrain line, together

with any number of additional terrain lines into the current longitudinal section design.

Selected PLINE element can be saved in the terrain data file by using the Save terrain data ->

LON command. The Erase terrain (31D3) command deletes the desired terrain line together

with the corresponding data. By using the Filtering terrain data (31D4) command you can

remove terrain points based on their distances and angle difference.

To customize the appearance of the longitudinal section design you can you can use the

31A31 command.

Command name: DRAW TERRAIN <DRAW TERRAIN <DRAW TERRAIN <DRAW TERRAIN <---- LONLONLONLON

Command code: 31D31D31D31D1111

Icon:

Task: Drawing of the terrain line based on data from the LON fileDrawing of the terrain line based on data from the LON fileDrawing of the terrain line based on data from the LON fileDrawing of the terrain line based on data from the LON file

Input data: LON file typeLON file typeLON file typeLON file type

Output data: terrain lineterrain lineterrain lineterrain line

Layers: 30_TERRAIN30_TERRAIN30_TERRAIN30_TERRAIN

See also commands: 31D31D31D31D3, 3, 3, 3, 31D31D31D31D4444

This command reads the data from the selected LON file and inserts the appropriate terrain

line.

After invoking the DRAW TERRAIN <- LON (31D1) command, the DRAW TERRAINDRAW TERRAINDRAW TERRAINDRAW TERRAIN dialog box

appears:

The DRAW TERRAIN dialog box explanation:

Table

Current table

Select this option to add terrain profile to the current table. If the terrain profile with

the same name already exists in the current profile, it will be replaced. This option is

only active if a profile already exists in the drawing.

Table

New table

Draw terrain profile in a new table. If necessary, change the profile name in the

neighbouring edit box. Select the table definition from the combo box below.

Click this button to modify the table contents. The Table editor will appear. See

command 33C4 for details.

Scale

Horizontal

Select or type horizontal scale for the profile.

Scale

Vertical

Select or type vertical scale for the profile.

Select LON file that contains the longitudinal profile data by clicking on this button or

select it from the list

Click this button to view the input file in Notepad.Click this button to view the input file in Notepad.Click this button to view the input file in Notepad.Click this button to view the input file in Notepad.

Section/SurfaceSection/SurfaceSection/SurfaceSection/Surface Select section of data in selected LON file, or select surface if input is from project

database

From stationFrom stationFrom stationFrom station Enter starting station for the profile

To stationTo stationTo stationTo station Enter ending station for the profile

Base elevationBase elevationBase elevationBase elevation Enter base elevation of the plot (for main profile in the plot only)

Top elevationTop elevationTop elevationTop elevation Enter top elevation of the plot (for main profile in the plot only)

Minimum elevationMinimum elevationMinimum elevationMinimum elevation Minimum elevation of the section,

Maximum elevMaximum elevMaximum elevMaximum elevationationationation Maximum elevation of the section

LabellingLabellingLabellingLabelling Check to label elevations into the table (for main profile in the table also stations and

section names). Select frequency (sections – all, every second …) of labelling from the

list.

Draw verticalsDraw verticalsDraw verticalsDraw verticals Check to draw verticals from section nodes.

RubricRubricRubricRubric Select row into which elevations will be labelled. This option only appears for

additional profiles. To use this option, insert a user row into the table. Main profile

elevations are labelled into the predefined row (TERRAIN ELEVATION).

The profile station can either increase or decrease. The latter option is

compatible with the increasing flow direction for the rivers. The profile

station direction is controlled with the selection of From station and To

station fields. If you want the profile station to increase, From station must be less than To

station. If you want the profile station to decrease, From station must be grater than To

station.

LON file structure:

The record that describes every terrain point has the following structure :

STA_KM STA_M ELEV PROF

Fields description:

• STA_KM station in kilometers (INTEGER),

• STA_M station in meters (REAL),

• ELEV point altitude, point elevation (REAL),

• PROF profile code (STRING).

LON file type can contain the following special characters:

• * Comment,

• # SECTION start of the new section of data followed by the SECTION

name,

Example of the LON file:Example of the LON file:Example of the LON file:Example of the LON file:

# BASE TERRAIN * test data for the terrain 1 250 234.45 a1 1 250.5 234.34 a2 1.2 60.0 235.2 0 * # OLD ROAD * test data for the terrain 1 250 234.65 a1 1 250.5 234.54 a2 1.2 60.0 235.4 0

Command name: SAVE TERRAIN DATA SAVE TERRAIN DATA SAVE TERRAIN DATA SAVE TERRAIN DATA ----> LON> LON> LON> LON


Icon:

Task: Saving of the PLINE object in the teSaving of the PLINE object in the teSaving of the PLINE object in the teSaving of the PLINE object in the terrain filerrain filerrain filerrain file


Output data:

Layers:

See also commands:

By using the Save terrain data -> LON command you can save the data for the existing

terrain or selected PLINE object. If you save the existing terrain, the file will contain the

profile codes for the selected terrain line. As PLINE does not contain point codes, program

will add code “0” for all the points.

After invoking the Save terrain data -> LON command the following dialog box appears:

The Save terrain data dialog box explanation:

TerrainTerrainTerrainTerrain insert/choose the terrain filename here (LON),

Section nameSection nameSection nameSection name insert the name of the section of data,

Terrain linesTerrain linesTerrain linesTerrain lines shows the list of the terrain lines in the current drawing,

Select from drawingSelect from drawingSelect from drawingSelect from drawing enables selecting the terrain line form the drawing.

Points will be saved in the following format:

STA_KM STA_M ELEV PROF

Fields description:Fields description:Fields description:Fields description:



• ELEV point altitude, point elevation (REAL),

• PROF profile code (STRING).

Lines of the file type LON can also start with the following special characters:Lines of the file type LON can also start with the following special characters:Lines of the file type LON can also start with the following special characters:Lines of the file type LON can also start with the following special characters:

• * Comment,


name,

Example of the LON file:Example of the LON file:Example of the LON file:Example of the LON file:

# BASE TERRAIN * test data for the terrain 1 250 234.45 a1 1 250.5 234.34 a2 1.2 60.0 235.2 0 * # OLD ROAD * test data for the terrain 1 250 234.65 a1 1 250.5 234.54 a2 1.2 60.0 235.4 0

Command name: ERASE TERRAINERASE TERRAINERASE TERRAINERASE TERRAIN


Icon:

Task: Deleting the terrain line and the content of corresponding rubricsDeleting the terrain line and the content of corresponding rubricsDeleting the terrain line and the content of corresponding rubricsDeleting the terrain line and the content of corresponding rubrics

Input data:

Output data:

Layers:

See also commands:

This command enables erasing the selected terrain line together with the content of the

corresponding rubrics (PROFILE CODES, STATIONS and ELEVATIONS). If the Reactors are

turned on (See 31D command), terrain line can be deleted by using the AutoCAD ERASE

command. The contents of all the corresponding rubrics will also be deleted.

Command name: FILTERING TERRAIN DAFILTERING TERRAIN DAFILTERING TERRAIN DAFILTERING TERRAIN DATATATATA


Icon:

Task: Straightening of the terrain line based on distance and angle toleranceStraightening of the terrain line based on distance and angle toleranceStraightening of the terrain line based on distance and angle toleranceStraightening of the terrain line based on distance and angle tolerance


Output data:

Layers:

See also commands:

You can reduce the number of short segments that are part of the terrain line by using the

Filtering terrain data (31D4) command. Clean up of the terrain line is based on the distance

between two points and/or the elevation difference between three consecutive points.

Points will be excluded from the terrain line in the following cases:

a. When the distance between two neighboring points is less than the tolerance set in

the dialog box and

b. When the angle between three consecutive points is less than the tolerance set in the

dialog box.

The Filtering terrain dataFiltering terrain dataFiltering terrain dataFiltering terrain data dialog box shown below appears after invoking the 31D4

command. It is used for the selection of clean up method and setting of distance and angle

tolerances.

d1

T0T1

T2

Figure: Way of extracting points frWay of extracting points frWay of extracting points frWay of extracting points from the terrain line based on a distance between the two om the terrain line based on a distance between the two om the terrain line based on a distance between the two om the terrain line based on a distance between the two

points.points.points.points.

The figure above shows the way of extracting points from the terrain line based on a

distance between the two points. d1 distance is less than the defined tolerance, so T1 point

is extracted from the terrain line which is straightened by joining points T0 and T2 (shown

as dashed line).

T0

T1

T2

k1

Figure: Way of extracting points from the terrain line based on Way of extracting points from the terrain line based on Way of extracting points from the terrain line based on Way of extracting points from the terrain line based on a elevation difference a elevation difference a elevation difference a elevation difference

between three consecutive pointsbetween three consecutive pointsbetween three consecutive pointsbetween three consecutive points....

The figure above shows the way of extracting points from the terrain line based on a

elevation difference between three consecutive points. The k1 angle is less than the defined

tolerance, so T1 point is extracted from the line. The terrain line is straightened by means of

the segment shown as das hed line.

2.5. 31E – Projected objects

Command name: DRAW DRAW DRAW DRAW PROJECTEDPROJECTEDPROJECTEDPROJECTED POINTSPOINTSPOINTSPOINTS

Command code: 31E131E131E131E1

Icon:

Task: Input of the projection points from the layout into the longitudinal profileInput of the projection points from the layout into the longitudinal profileInput of the projection points from the layout into the longitudinal profileInput of the projection points from the layout into the longitudinal profile

Input data: points/blocks in the layout (points/blocks in the layout (points/blocks in the layout (points/blocks in the layout (21M221M221M221M2))))

Output data: points/blocks in the longitudinal profilespoints/blocks in the longitudinal profilespoints/blocks in the longitudinal profilespoints/blocks in the longitudinal profiles

Layers: 30_PROJECTED_OBJECTS0_PROJECTED_OBJECTS0_PROJECTED_OBJECTS0_PROJECTED_OBJECTS

See also commands: 21M221M221M221M2

With this command any points in the area that were defined in the situational plan or a 3D

model as projection points and the position of which was defined (see 21M2), can be drawn

in the longitudinal profile.

After the start of the command the following dialog box appears:

The Draw projection points explanation

Select layout file An active file or any file from the project list or from the hard drive

can be selected from the drop-down menu.

Point name Points appear in the list that are adapted in the selected layout file

to the current axis or all projection points, if the below option Draw

points in all profiles is selected. You have to tick the points you

wish to put in the longitudinal profile.

Block name Instead of the AutoCAD element point (POINT) the display of the

point with an element block (BLOCK) can be selected. In this case

the square has to be ticked and the drawing with the block

definition is selected.

Point with elevation 0: You define on what height the points that have no specific height

(or have a height 0) are projected. You can select between ground,

gradient, reference height of the longitudinal profile or the actual

height 0

Draw points of all axes Tick this one if you wish to put all the projection points in,

irrespective of which axis they were adapted to, when they were

defined in the layout.

Draw points in all profiles Tick this one if you wish to put in the points in all profiles not only

the current

Command name: READ BORDER LINESREAD BORDER LINESREAD BORDER LINESREAD BORDER LINES

Command code: 31E231E231E231E2

Icon:

Task: Read and draw other lines in longitudinal profileRead and draw other lines in longitudinal profileRead and draw other lines in longitudinal profileRead and draw other lines in longitudinal profile

Input data: text text text text file file file file or drawingor drawingor drawingor drawing

Output data: lines in longitudinal sectionlines in longitudinal sectionlines in longitudinal sectionlines in longitudinal section

Layers: 30_PLINES30_PLINES30_PLINES30_PLINES

See also commands: 21M2, 21M3, 21M2, 21M3, 21M2, 21M3, 21M2, 21M3, 31V3, 41K1, 41K331V3, 41K1, 41K331V3, 41K1, 41K331V3, 41K1, 41K3

Using the 31E2 command, you can transfer lines along axis from the Axis or Cross sections

modules and draw their profile in the longitudinal sections. Data are transferred from the

same or another drawing or by means of an IL file.

Structure of the record in the IL file type is as follows:

KM M LINEi CROSS_SECTION LINEj

Codes description:Codes description:Codes description:Codes description:

• KM station in kilometres (INTEGER),

• M station in meters (REAL),

• LINEi desired number of lines left of the axis (j=0, 1, 2 ... m),

where every line is defined by the pair:

Xi ... distance from the axis in meters (REAL),

Yi ... elevation in meters (REAL),

• CROSS_SECTION profile code (STRING),

• LINEj desired number of lines right of the axis (j=0, 1, 2 ... m),


Xj ... distance from the axis in meters (REAL) and

Yj ... elevation in meters (REAL).

Records of the IL file type can contain the following special characterRecords of the IL file type can contain the following special characterRecords of the IL file type can contain the following special characterRecords of the IL file type can contain the following special characters:s:s:s:

• * Comment,


name,

• NULL replaces the value if it is not available for a certain station.

Example of the IL file type: Example of the IL file type: Example of the IL file type: Example of the IL file type:

KM M FILL_L CROSS_SECTION CUT_R 0 -46.356 NULL NULL P1 NULL NULL 0 -34.919 NULL NULL P1A NULL NULL 0 -26.356 NULL NULL P2 NULL NULL 0 -6.356 NULL NULL P3 NULL NULL 0 13.644 NULL NULL P5 NULL NULL 0 21.076 NULL NULL P6 NULL NULL 0 33.644 NULL NULL P7 NULL NULL 0 53.644 NULL NULL P8 8.480 104.502 0 59.240 NULL NULL P9 12.427 104.210 0 73.644 NULL NULL P10 16.619 104.053 0 93.644 NULL NULL P11 15.464 103.734 0 112.967 NULL NULL P12 9.926 103.411 0 113.644 NULL NULL P13 9.616 102.442 0 123.018 NULL NULL P14 NULL NULL 0 133.644 11.789 110.300 P15 NULL NULL 0 153.644 15.851 114.320 P16 NULL NULL 0 166.695 13.071 115.560 P17 NULL NULL 0 173.644 10.911 120.073 P18 NULL NULL 0 177.968 9.293 124.308 P19 NULL NULL

In the Draw lines along axis dialog box below, you have to select the name of the type of the

input data, then an input drawing or a file of type IL and the desired section if the file is

selected. In the Draw column, user selects one of the two modes of displaying the line: either

a profile or an intersection with the vertical plane, defined by longitudinal axis. In the latter

case, the intersections can be displayed as points or blocks, specified in the Block name

column

Program will insert a PLINE object that represents the selected border-line on the

30_PLINES layer.

2.6. 31F - Draw horizontal elements

Command name: DRAW HORIZONTAL ELEMDRAW HORIZONTAL ELEMDRAW HORIZONTAL ELEMDRAW HORIZONTAL ELEMENTSENTSENTSENTS

Command code: 31F31F31F31F

Icon:

Task: Creates schematic drawing of horizontal road elementsCreates schematic drawing of horizontal road elementsCreates schematic drawing of horizontal road elementsCreates schematic drawing of horizontal road elements


Output data:

Layers:

See also commands:

The command Draw horizontal alignment (31F) enables the schematic drawing of the

horizontal road elements. The horizontal road gradient is drawn into the column »Horizontal

road elements«, while the widths of all lanes that were defined in the layout are drawn and

tabulated in the column »Lane widths«. The data can be acquired directly from the drawing,

if the layout and longitudinal profiles presentation are present in one drawing. Otherwise, it

can be shown, as the data source, on the layout drawing or the ASCII file (type WID or AXS).

Data source and data type that should be transferred into the longitudinal profiles are

chosen in the dialog box.

In case, there are more longitudinal profiles in the drawing, the option Draw in all profiles

can be enabled and all the selected data will be drawn in all longitudinal profiles. All data

that were input by means of this command will be automatically updated, if the command

for refreshing of the longitudinal profiles (31X) is used.

Roadway widths are significant for the following tasks:

• Calculating the elevation differences between the terrain and vertical alignment or

road edges; Calculate thickness -> HD (31O3);

• Saving the data that defines the elevation differences between the terrain and vertical

alignment or road edges for later drawing of roadway contours; Save data for

thickness-contours -> QS (31O4);

• Labelling of the elevations of roadway elevations; Calculate Road Edges (3K);

• Saving the data that defines elevations of the roadway edges for later drawing of

roadway contours; Save Data for Roadway-Contours Calculation -> QS (31R2);

• Calculation of the vertical alignment of a new roadway coverage; Calculate new

vertical alignment -> TAN (31O2);

• Labeling the superelevations; Calculate and label superelevations (31K5) and

• Saving the data that defines the whole longitudinal section; SAVE LONGITUDINAL

SECTION -> LS (31N).

In listed calculations roadway widths can be used in several ways as is shown below:

Roadway edgesRoadway edgesRoadway edgesRoadway edges ExpansionsExpansionsExpansionsExpansions Calculated overall road Calculated overall road Calculated overall road Calculated overall road

1. method1. method1. method1. method No no width from the project

2. method2. method2. method2. method No yes width from the project + expansions

3. method3. method3. method3. method Yes no width

4. method4. method4. method4. method Yes yes width

By setting the following parameters you can customize the appearance of roadway widths:

• [310701] Roadway-width right line-color (6),

• [310702] Roadway-width right line-type (LK_HIDDEN),

• [310703] Roadway-width left line-color (5),

• [310704] Roadway-width left line-type (CONTINUOUS),

• [310705] Roads-width and expansions labeling-art (0-at the center-line, 1-at the

rubric-edge) (0).

2.7. 31G - Tangents and vertical alignment

When iserting tangents, you can modify the plan appearance by setting the following

parameters:

• [310501] Tangents-line color (4),

• [310502] Tangents-line-type (CONTINUOUS),

• [310503] Vertical lines for labeling tangents color (1),

• [310504] Vertex-symbol for labeling tangents color (9),

• [310505] Inclined lines for labeling tangents color (1),

• [310506] Tangent-label text-color (1),

• [310507] Tangent-label text-height (0.2),

• [310508] Number of decimal places for labeling tangent slope (4),

• [310509] No. of decimal places for saving station and elevation to TAN file. (10).

• [310510] tangent circle radius, when labelling tangents

Command name: DRAW TANGENTSDRAW TANGENTSDRAW TANGENTSDRAW TANGENTS

Command code: 31G131G131G131G1

Icon:

Task: interactive tangent insertion for definition of roadway vertical alignmentinteractive tangent insertion for definition of roadway vertical alignmentinteractive tangent insertion for definition of roadway vertical alignmentinteractive tangent insertion for definition of roadway vertical alignment

Input data:

Output data: drawn tangent and vertical alignment

Layers: 31_TANGENTS, 31_VERT_ALIGNM31_TANGENTS, 31_VERT_ALIGNM31_TANGENTS, 31_VERT_ALIGNM31_TANGENTS, 31_VERT_ALIGNM

See also commands: 31G2 31G2 31G2 31G2 ----31G731G731G731G7

If there is already a drawn tangent, this command first offers either an option of drawing of

an existing tangent or a new one.

Tangents can be inserted to longitudinal section by selecting of vertex points by means of a

mouse. Alternatively, they can be inserted by selecting parameters in a dialog box that

appear after definition of the first tangent point in drawing. In the first example, user can

barely control their values while in the second one user can precisely define the next vertex

point position.

You can select only two parametres at a time. They can be fixed at certain value or they

change by a preset step. If both are fixed, also point in drawing is completely defined and

cannot be moved by the mouse. It can be only confirmed or settings may be changed.

Using the »Draw tangents« dialog box, you can select the following parameters:

• station

• elevation/height

• distance – tangent length

• slope

• section

Using the Step settings option, set individual value change step instead of exact parameter

value. This function resembles the Snap and Polar AutoCAD options.

You can define these parameters already when drawing tangents using the Curve Parameters

dialog box. Or, you can define tangent changes and their modification for later editing using

the Change Vertical Curve (31H5) command.

For explanation of individual parameters see the Change Vertical Curve (31H5) command.

Prior to interactive tangent insertion, select construction points in drawing through which a

vertical alignment should go. Input construction points using the Define station and

elevation, draw point (31V6) command.

The upper drawing shows a preview of vertical curve based on the next tangent selected

parameters (position definition).

Drawing and labeling of vertical alignment after you have finished a tangent definition.

Command name: READ TANGENTS FROM FREAD TANGENTS FROM FREAD TANGENTS FROM FREAD TANGENTS FROM FILE <ILE <ILE <ILE <----TANTANTANTAN


Icon:

Task: Inserting of tangent and vertical alignment from fileInserting of tangent and vertical alignment from fileInserting of tangent and vertical alignment from fileInserting of tangent and vertical alignment from file

Input data: TAN file

Output data: drawn tangents and vertical alignment


See also commands: 31GA31GA31GA31GA

The Read tangents from file <-TAN (31G2) command is the second way of inserting tangents

to a longitudinal section. Data that define tangents can be previously prepared and stored in

a TAN file type for section of any length. Each vertex point is defined by the following line

form:

STA_KM STA_M HEIGHT [RADIUS]

or

STA_KM STA_M HEIGHT [RADIUS] [LABEL]

Both ways of inserting tangents are allowed. Second form is an updated version of the first

one where a numerical label of individual vertex is additionally recorded. Numerical vertex

labels are needed in order to assure a uniform tangent-vertex labelling in case of

automatical drawing of longitudinal section using the 31T command or when you want to

draw only one section from the TAN file.

Codes description:



• HEIGHT point altitude, elevation (REAL),

• [RADIUS] curvature radius (REAL). In case of the first TAN file form, radius

value does not necessarily get outputted. In the case of the second TAN file form

when vertical curve is not defined, the »NULL« string gets outputted.

• [LABEL] Vertical curve label is a vertex number. The first and and the last

vertex carry a 0 label while vertices in between carry numerical labels.

Brackets in the upper line (»[]«) stand for an optional parameter which can exist or not. The

RADIUS parameter is used when saving a curvature radius using the Read tangents from file

<-TAN (31G2) command.

TAN file type lines can also start with the following special characters:TAN file type lines can also start with the following special characters:TAN file type lines can also start with the following special characters:TAN file type lines can also start with the following special characters:

• * ... star in the first column stands for comment or comment line,

• # SECTION ... start of the new section of data followed by the SECTION name,

Example of the TAN file:

# AXS_0 * *! STA_KM STA_M HEIGHT RADIUS LABEL * 0 980.4494881956 238.9757059145 NULL 0 1 734.6050172909 196.7623468127 15260.947 1 3 448.5948537498 185.5237253988 24568.893 2 4 114.9941006061 199.2293615589 NULL 0

Tangents are inserted on the 31_TANGENTS layer as one single PLINE object over the whole

processed longitudinal section.

Command name: CONVERT PLINE TO TANCONVERT PLINE TO TANCONVERT PLINE TO TANCONVERT PLINE TO TANGENTGENTGENTGENT


Icon:

Task: Converting any polyline to tangentConverting any polyline to tangentConverting any polyline to tangentConverting any polyline to tangent

Input data: PolylinePolylinePolylinePolyline

Output data: Tangents and vertical alignmentTangents and vertical alignmentTangents and vertical alignmentTangents and vertical alignment


See also commands: Command group 31GCommand group 31GCommand group 31GCommand group 31G

This command enables drawing of a tangent over any polyline. Polyline can be drawn using

either any AutoCAD command or some other program. Using the 31G3 command, you can

convert a selected polyline into a PLATEIA tangent that can be used in the rest of PLATEIA

functions working with tangents.

After invoking the command, you need to select a polyline to be converted into tangent.

Command line reads:

Select polyline:

After selecting a polyline, a dialog box with options opens. Parameters can be edited later

using theConvert pline to vertical alignment (31H5) command.

If tangent already exists, program prompts you and offers possibility

to erase it.

Command name: CALCULATE AND LABEL CALCULATE AND LABEL CALCULATE AND LABEL CALCULATE AND LABEL TANGENTSTANGENTSTANGENTSTANGENTS


Icon:

Task: Schematic labeling of tangentsSchematic labeling of tangentsSchematic labeling of tangentsSchematic labeling of tangents

Input data:

Output data:

Layers: 31313131_TANGENTS_TANGENTS_TANGENTS_TANGENTS

See also commands: 31G1, 31G231G1, 31G231G1, 31G231G1, 31G2

Using the Label settings (31G4) command, you can switch off labeling of tangents. You can

separately define labeling and drawing of tangent elements:

• in the highest and lowest point,

• cut and fill surfaces,

• startings and endings of main elements,

• equidistantly at selected distance.

Tangents can be edited by using standard AutoCAD commands such as PEDIT, STRETCH or

grip editing. This way you can move vertices, add new or remove some of the existing ones.

When editing tangents by using AutoCAD commands, values in the tables are

not updated automatically. To update these values, you have to use the

(31G4) command. After invoking the command, you need to select a point of

schematic labeling of tangents or confirm it by ENTER. In order to draw an

vertical alignment properly, save updated tangent values to the TAN file.

Command name: DEFINE BOUDEFINE BOUDEFINE BOUDEFINE BOUNDARY FOR COLORING CNDARY FOR COLORING CNDARY FOR COLORING CNDARY FOR COLORING CUTS AND FILLSUTS AND FILLSUTS AND FILLSUTS AND FILLS


Icon: None.None.None.None.

Task: Defining of boundary for coloring cut and fillsDefining of boundary for coloring cut and fillsDefining of boundary for coloring cut and fillsDefining of boundary for coloring cut and fills

Input data: Drawn vertical lines using the Line command on any layerDrawn vertical lines using the Line command on any layerDrawn vertical lines using the Line command on any layerDrawn vertical lines using the Line command on any layer

Output data: Boundary vertical lines on the 31_HATCH_BORDER layeBoundary vertical lines on the 31_HATCH_BORDER layeBoundary vertical lines on the 31_HATCH_BORDER layeBoundary vertical lines on the 31_HATCH_BORDER layerrrr

Layers: 31_HATCH_BORDER31_HATCH_BORDER31_HATCH_BORDER31_HATCH_BORDER

See also commands: 31G31G31G31G

The Label settings (31G4) command comprises an option for appropriate coloring of cut and

fill areas (between terrain and vertical alignment). This may be of obstructive nature in the

case of bridges, tunnels and similar features. To avoid the problem, use the Define boundary

for coloring cuts and fills (31G5) command.

First draw two vertical lines in a longitudinal section drawing. Use AutoCAD LINE command

on any layer or the Auxiliary lines (31V4) command. Vertical lines should represent the start

and end of area that will not be colored. Then use the Define boundary for coloring cuts and

fills (31G5) command to convert selected lines to the border ones on the 31_HATCH_BORDER

layer. If you proceed with the Label settings (31G4) command and select area coloring, areas

between border lines stay uncolored.

An individual longitudinal section can comprise any number of areas for which cut and fill

areas will not be colored.

Command name: ERASE TANGENTS AND VERASE TANGENTS AND VERASE TANGENTS AND VERASE TANGENTS AND VERTICAL ALIGNMENTERTICAL ALIGNMENTERTICAL ALIGNMENTERTICAL ALIGNMENT

Command code 31G631G631G631G6

Icon: NoneNoneNoneNone

Task: Erasing of tangents, vertical alignment and related rubric contentsErasing of tangents, vertical alignment and related rubric contentsErasing of tangents, vertical alignment and related rubric contentsErasing of tangents, vertical alignment and related rubric contents

Input data: selected tangents

Output data: erased selected data

Layers: 31_TANGENTS, 31_TANGENTS, 31_TANGENTS, 31_TANGENTS, 31_VERT_ALIGNM31_VERT_ALIGNM31_VERT_ALIGNM31_VERT_ALIGNM

See also commands: 31G1, 31G2, 31G831G1, 31G2, 31G831G1, 31G2, 31G831G1, 31G2, 31G8

The Erase tangents and vertical alignment (31G6) command enables a simple erasing of all

tangent and vertical alignment elements and related rubrics (LONGITUDINAL SLOPES,

ALIGNMENT ELEVATION, etc.). Erasing of tangents and vertical alignment can be used when

you want to perform certain modifications on vertical alignments which cannot be done

using the commands from the Edit tangents and Vertical Alignment (31H) command group.

When this is the case, erase the existing tangent and construct a new one. After invoking the

command, select a tangent to be erased and confirm your selection.

Command name: SAVE TANGENTS SAVE TANGENTS SAVE TANGENTS SAVE TANGENTS AND VERTICAL ALIGNMEAND VERTICAL ALIGNMEAND VERTICAL ALIGNMEAND VERTICAL ALIGNMENT NT NT NT TO FILE TO FILE TO FILE TO FILE ----> > > > TANTANTANTAN


Icon:

Task: Saving tangents toSaving tangents toSaving tangents toSaving tangents to filefilefilefile


Output data:

Layers:

See also commands: 31G2

By using this command you can save the data that define the vertices of tangents and

vertical alignment radius. Usually you use it in combination with the Read tangents from file Read tangents from file Read tangents from file Read tangents from file

<<<<---- TANTANTANTAN (31G2)(31G2)(31G2)(31G2) command. One single TAN file can contain data defining different version of

tangents of one or several axes that can later be inserted in the longitudinal section.

Program saves tangent data to the file having the following form:

STA_KM STA_M HEIGHT [RADIUS] [LABEL]

Codes description:

• STA_KM station in km (INTEGER),

• STA_M station in m (REAL),

• HEIGHT elevation, label (REAL),

• [RADIUS] column for later insertion of curvature radius,

• [LABEL] numerated vertex label (for example 0,1,2,3, etc.) First and last vertex on

tangent are labeled 0.

TAN file type lines can also start with the following special characters:TAN file type lines can also start with the following special characters:TAN file type lines can also start with the following special characters:TAN file type lines can also start with the following special characters:

• * ... star in first column stands for comment or comment line,

• # SECTION ... start of the new section of data followed by the SECTION name.

Example of the TAN file:

# AXS_1 * *! STA_KM STA_M HEIGHT RADIUS LABEL * 0 998.1106577605 230.0456606244 NULL 0 2 83.8239166035 190.5832682366 30029.022 1 3 570.8549729964 190.2984881058 12920.535 2 4 98.2014160155 211.7209298492 NULL 0

2.8. 31H - Edit tangents and vertical alignment

The Vertical Alignment (31H) command group contains commands for interactive design and

labelling of vertical alignment. You can edit vertical alignment by using one of the following

commands:

• Edit geometry (31H1),

• Change vertical curve (31H5),

Vertical curve radius size can be checked according to a selected calculation standard in the

Road category (31B) command. You can set the checking switch on/off using the Variable

setting (31A31) command (parameter [310001]) Check vertical element by calculation

standard (1-Yes, 0-No). If longitudinal slope of tangent and vertical curve exceed allowed

values, program prompts you by the following windows:

When saving vertical curves, you can modify a plan appearance by setting of the following

parameters:

• [310301] Vertical curve labeling style (111111111)

This parameter consists of nine digits. Every digit can be evaluated as 0 or 1. Value 0

is equal to off and value 1 to on. Meaning of these nine digits is as follows:

• 1st Digit: labelling of curve codes,

• 2nd Digit: labelling of curve radiuses,

• 31Td Digit: labelling of slope change,

• 4th Digit: labelling of tangent length,

• 5th Digit: labelling of parameter A,

• 6th Digit: labelling of station of vertex,

• 7th Digit: labelling of vertex height,

• 8th Digit: labelling of curve length and

• 9th Digit: drawing of a table border.

• [310302] Vertical curve vertex-density (40)

Vertical alignment curves are circular arcs that are represented as parabolas

according to the horizontal and vertical scale setting (eg. 1000/100). In the drawing,

these curves are approximated with short line segments (chords). The accuracy of

presentation depends on the setting of this parameter. The default value of 40

vertices usually gives a sufficient accuracy.

• [310303] Vertical curve station-labelling style (1)

You can label the stations in three different display formats as follows:

• format 1234.56 parameter value 1,

• format 1+234.56 parameter value 2,

• format 1.2+34.56 parameter value 3.

• [310304] Vertical curve label text-color (2),

• [310305] Vertical curve number-label text-color (4),

• [310306] Vertical curve radius-label text-color (1),

• [310317] Vertical-alignment label-frame color (7),

• [310313] Vertical-line for vertical-curve-labels color (7),

• [310314] Vertical-line for vertical-curve-labels type (LK_HIDDEN),

• [310315] Vertical alignment elevation-label text-height (0.25),

• [310316] Vertical alignment elevation-label text-alignment (_M),

• [310317] Vertical alignment elevation-label text-color (_BYLAYER),

• [310318] Vertical-alignment-curve color (6),

• [310319] Vertical-alignment-curve linetype (CONTINUOUS),

• [310320] Scale-factor for automatic vertical-curve generation (0-100) (50).

When generating the vertical-curve automatically, program determines the biggest

possible radius for every single vertex. By setting the scale factor you can define the

actual size of a radius that will be inserted in every vertex. Value of 50 means that in

every vertex the radius will be one half of its maximum size.

• [310321] Rounding values for vertical-curves radius (100, 1000, 2500 ...) (100)

In the process of an automatic vertical alignment generating, the values of calculated

radii multiplied by factor are rounded to the desired rounding value. To round these

values to 100 meters, you have to set the rounding value to 100.

• [310322] Vertical curve type (0-arc, 1-parabola)

When performing an automatic save of the vertical curve, maximum radius that is calculated

and multiplied by factor rounds to a desired value. For rounding radius at 100m, enter value

100.

Figure: Constructed vertConstructed vertConstructed vertConstructed vertical curves.ical curves.ical curves.ical curves.

Vertical alignment of a road profile is constructed based on tangents and other curvature

parameters such as:

• point above/bellow the vertex,

• distance between vertex and curve,

• radius,

• tangent length

• selected point on a curve.

Vertical alignment is constructed by drawing the curves only. Curves

can be drawn in any desired order. When labelling the vertical

alignment, the linear segments are inserted automatically. Vertical

alignment consists of two types of elements: lines and curves. Every

element is represented by a single PLINE object.

Command name: EDIT EDIT EDIT EDIT TANGENTSTANGENTSTANGENTSTANGENTS

Command code: 31H131H131H131H1

Icon:

Task: Tangent vertex offsetTangent vertex offsetTangent vertex offsetTangent vertex offset

Input data: Selected vertex, selected new tangent locationSelected vertex, selected new tangent locationSelected vertex, selected new tangent locationSelected vertex, selected new tangent location

Output data:

Layers: 31_TANGENTS, 3131_TANGENTS, 3131_TANGENTS, 3131_TANGENTS, 31_VERT_ALIGNM_VERT_ALIGNM_VERT_ALIGNM_VERT_ALIGNM

See also commands: 31G1, 31H2, 31H3, 31H7, 31H831G1, 31H2, 31H3, 31H7, 31H831G1, 31H2, 31H3, 31H7, 31H831G1, 31H2, 31H3, 31H7, 31H8

Using the Edit geometry (31H1) command, you can change geometry of the drawn tangents.

After invoking the command, select a vertex to be edited. After selecting it, a dialog box

opens in which vertex parameters may be changed.

• Station

• Height

• Length

• Slope

• Section

Active vertex is marked with a red circle.

The same as with the Draw tangents (31G1) command, user can set a step for changes that

will be considered when defining new tangent value in drawing. Parameter changes can be

checked by preview simply by clicking »Refresh«. If no parameter is defined, you can move

tangent vertex freely.

New tangent vertex position can be defined also by clicking »Jig«. After invoking the

command, dialog box closes and you can define a new point position in drawing. Whenever a

change takes place, tangents and a vertical alignment get refreshed and attributed values

drawn.

Using the »Previous« and »Next« buttons, you can move through individual vertices in

drawing without leaving the dialog box.

Parameter description related to an individual tangent vertex:

StationStationStationStation Station value

H (m)H (m)H (m)H (m) Height

L (m)L (m)L (m)L (m) Length

S (%)S (%)S (%)S (%) Tangent slope

StepStepStepStep Step by which parameters values change

RefreshRefreshRefreshRefresh Refresh drawing

>>>> Element selection direction in drawing (> right, < left)

SectionSectionSectionSection Section name

Section +Section +Section +Section + Offset from section in m

Step settingStep settingStep settingStep setting Parameter change step setting

---- Erase vertex

++++ Add vertex

>>>>>>>> Define a new vertex position in drawing

PreviousPreviousPreviousPrevious Active vertex move to the previous one

NextNextNextNext Active vertex move to the next one

The methods of vertical alignment curve definition are shown below

T0

T1

T2

Tz

T0

T1

T2

T0

T1

T2

R

T0

T1

T2

a

tg

T0

T1

T2

Tz

a) Point below/above tangent-vertex

c) Radius

b) Distance a

d) Tangent length

e) Curve-point

Commmand name: MOVE TANGENTMOVE TANGENTMOVE TANGENTMOVE TANGENT----VERTEXVERTEXVERTEXVERTEX


Icon:

Task: Tangent vertex repositionTangent vertex repositionTangent vertex repositionTangent vertex reposition

Input data: Selected vertex, newly selected vertex locationSelected vertex, newly selected vertex locationSelected vertex, newly selected vertex locationSelected vertex, newly selected vertex location

Output data:


See also commands: 31G1, 31H1, 31H3, 31H4, 31H131G1, 31H1, 31H3, 31H4, 31H131G1, 31H1, 31H3, 31H4, 31H131G1, 31H1, 31H3, 31H4, 31H1

This command enables a desired tangent vertex move. After invoking the command, only

tangent is visible due to better visibility. Command line reads:

Select vertex on tangent:

Using the mouse pointer, select a vertex to be moved. After selecting the vertex, you can

have a preview of the new tangent and vertical alignment position. After defining the new

position, all corresponding elements will be drawn in section.

Command name: INSERT NEW TANGENTINSERT NEW TANGENTINSERT NEW TANGENTINSERT NEW TANGENT----VERTEXVERTEXVERTEXVERTEX


Icon:

Task: Inserting new tangentInserting new tangentInserting new tangentInserting new tangent----vertex in devertex in devertex in devertex in desired point of the existing tangentsired point of the existing tangentsired point of the existing tangentsired point of the existing tangent

Input data: Existing tangentExisting tangentExisting tangentExisting tangent

Output data: New tangent with new vertexNew tangent with new vertexNew tangent with new vertexNew tangent with new vertex


See also commands: 31G831G831G831G8

When you want to insert a new vertex in existing tangent, you use the Insert new tangent

vertex (31H3) command. This command, similarly to option Edit vertex, Insert associated

with the AutoCAD command PEDIT, inserts a new vertex to the selected point on tangent. At

the same time, the 31H3 command updates labels for the slopes and lengths of tangents.

This command functions very similarly to the one used for a vertex

reposition. You can have a preview showing a new tangent and vertical

alignment position. Prior to inserting the vertex to a selected position,

you can define a construction point using the Define station and

elevation, draw point (31V6) command.

Insertion of a new vertex can be alternatively done by saving of existing tangents to the TAN

file using the Insert new tangent vertex (31G7) command. Then you need to insert a new line

representing a new vertex to the TAN file and then read new tangents using the Read

tangents from file <-TAN (31G2) command.

31H431H431H431H4 - ERASE EXISTING TANGENT-VERTEX

Command name: ERASE EXISTING TANGEERASE EXISTING TANGEERASE EXISTING TANGEERASE EXISTING TANGENTNTNTNT----VERTEXVERTEXVERTEXVERTEX


Icon:

Task: Erasing of Erasing of Erasing of Erasing of existing tangentexisting tangentexisting tangentexisting tangent----vertexvertexvertexvertex

Input data: Existing tangentExisting tangentExisting tangentExisting tangent

Output data: New tangent with erased vertexNew tangent with erased vertexNew tangent with erased vertexNew tangent with erased vertex

Layers: 31_TANGENTS 31_VERT_ALIGNM31_TANGENTS 31_VERT_ALIGNM31_TANGENTS 31_VERT_ALIGNM31_TANGENTS 31_VERT_ALIGNM

See also commands 31G731G731G731G7

In addition to saving a vertex on tangent, you can also delete one. You can delete any vertex,

be it a start point or an intermediate one. After invoking the command, select a vertex to be

deleted and all related tangent and vertical alignment elements including labeling will be

refreshed.

Alternatively, you can perform a vertex deletion by means of the TAN file. You just simply

delete the line in the TAN file representing the selected vertex and then insert tangents by

using the Read tangents from file <-TAN command.

Command name: EDITEDITEDITEDIT VERTICAL CURVE VERTICAL CURVE VERTICAL CURVE VERTICAL CURVE


Icon:

Task: Changing vertical curve radiusChanging vertical curve radiusChanging vertical curve radiusChanging vertical curve radius

Input data: Existing vertical curveExisting vertical curveExisting vertical curveExisting vertical curve

Output data: Changed vertical curveChanged vertical curveChanged vertical curveChanged vertical curve

Layers: 31_VERT_ALIGNM31_VERT_ALIGNM31_VERT_ALIGNM31_VERT_ALIGNM

See also commands:: 31G1, 31G2, 31H1, 31H631G1, 31G2, 31H1, 31H631G1, 31G2, 31H1, 31H631G1, 31G2, 31H1, 31H6

Using the Edit vertical curve settings (31H5) command, you can change vertical curve

settings at individual vertices that were drawn by default/automatic parameters or

predefined by user when using the Draw tangent (31G1) command. You can change only one

parameter at a time as the vertical curve between two tangents is uniformly defined. All

parameter changes can be viewed in drawing by clicking »Refresh«. Similarly to the Draw

tangents (31G1) and Edit geometry (31H1) commands, you can change certain parameters by

steps that were previously defined for each individual parameter. You will be aided by

parameter limit-maximum values appearing in the dialog box when selecting individual

parameters. Similarly to the Edit geometry (31H1) command, you can move freely between

neigbouring vertices using the »Previous« and »Next« buttons.

Parameters to be defined are as follows:

• Vertical curve radius

• Vertical curve tangent

• Vertical curve offset from tangent

• Vertical curve point

• Vertical curve vertex height

• XL/DL ratio

• XR/XR ratio

The Vertex editorVertex editorVertex editorVertex editor dialog box description:

Type: InteractiveType: InteractiveType: InteractiveType: Interactive User's definition of the individual vertical curve parameters

Type: AutomaticType: AutomaticType: AutomaticType: Automatic Vertical curve parameters are defined automatically

RefreshRefreshRefreshRefresh Refresh output in drawing

RRRR Vertical curve radius

TTTT Vertical curve arc tangent

FFFF Vertical curve offset from vertex point

PtPtPtPt Vertical curve point

YYYY Vertex point

r_Lr_Lr_Lr_L Offset from tangent - left

r_Rr_Rr_Rr_R Offset from tangent - right

Limit valueLimit valueLimit valueLimit value Individual parameter maximum value

RefreshRefreshRefreshRefresh Offset from section in m

StepStepStepStep Change parameter value by step.

Step settingsStep settingsStep settingsStep settings Step settings for changing parameters

>>>>>>>> Add new vertex position in drawing

PreviousPreviousPreviousPrevious Active vertex move to the previous one

NextNextNextNext Active vertex move to the next one

Command name: ERASE ERASE ERASE ERASE VERTICAL CURVEVERTICAL CURVEVERTICAL CURVEVERTICAL CURVE


Icon:

Task: Erasing of a vertical curveErasing of a vertical curveErasing of a vertical curveErasing of a vertical curve

Input data: Vertical curveVertical curveVertical curveVertical curve

Output data:

Layers: 31_VERT_CURVES31_VERT_CURVES31_VERT_CURVES31_VERT_CURVES

See also commands:: 31I231I231I231I2

The Erase single vertical curve (31H6) command is intended for erasing of individual vertical

curve, associated table and other labels.

Command name: MOVE TANGENT PARALLEMOVE TANGENT PARALLEMOVE TANGENT PARALLEMOVE TANGENT PARALLELLLL


Icon:

Task: Tangent parallel reposition Tangent parallel reposition Tangent parallel reposition Tangent parallel reposition

Input data: Selected vertex, selected new tangent locationSelected vertex, selected new tangent locationSelected vertex, selected new tangent locationSelected vertex, selected new tangent location

Output data:

Layers: 31_TANGENTS31_TANGENTS31_TANGENTS31_TANGENTS

See also commands: 31G1, 31G1, 31G1, 31G1, 31G5, 31G7, 31G831G5, 31G7, 31G831G5, 31G7, 31G831G5, 31G7, 31G8

This command enables a parallel movement of tangent. After invoking it, first select a vertex

on it. Command line reads:

Select vertex on tangent:

Select a vertex to be moved by a mouse pointer. After selecting it, all elements in section

appear again. Click again and select a new tangent vertex location.

When performing a reposition/move of a tangent, this command preserves its slope.

Tangent is only appropriately lengthened or shortened to ensure the linearity with the

neighboring tangents.

When moving a tangent, vertical alignment does not move.

Command name: ROTATE TANGENTROTATE TANGENTROTATE TANGENTROTATE TANGENT


Icon:

Task: Tangent rotationTangent rotationTangent rotationTangent rotation

Input data: TangentsTangentsTangentsTangents

Output data:

Layers: 31_TANGENTS,31_TANGENTS,31_TANGENTS,31_TANGENTS, 31_VERT_ALIGNM31_VERT_ALIGNM31_VERT_ALIGNM31_VERT_ALIGNM

See also commands: 31H1 do 31H731H1 do 31H731H1 do 31H731H1 do 31H7

The Rotate tangent (31H8) command enables a tangent rotation around selected point

defined on tangent. Activate the »OSNAP« option in AutoCAD for a precise selection of point

on tangent. After point selection, interactively rotate tangent. After point selection has been

done, associated vertical alignment and labels get updated.

When using this command, you can type a slope value in the command line

which can be selected absolutely or relatively according to the old value

Command name: REPOSITION VERTICAL CURVE LABELSREPOSITION VERTICAL CURVE LABELSREPOSITION VERTICAL CURVE LABELSREPOSITION VERTICAL CURVE LABELS


Icon:

Task: Label repositioningLabel repositioningLabel repositioningLabel repositioning

Input data: TangentsTangentsTangentsTangents

Output data:


See also commands: 31G1, 31G431G1, 31G431G1, 31G431G1, 31G4

Using this command, you can move vertical curve label to a new height. First select a label

and then select a new height of the lower table edge. New height is preserved with any

tangent and vertical alignment changes.

2.9. 31I - Intersections

Command name: INTERSECTIONSINTERSECTIONSINTERSECTIONSINTERSECTIONS

Command code: 31I31I31I31I

Icon:

Task: input of intersections with existent roads and railroadsinput of intersections with existent roads and railroadsinput of intersections with existent roads and railroadsinput of intersections with existent roads and railroads

Input data: drawing of the layout and longitudinal profiles of the existent roaddrawing of the layout and longitudinal profiles of the existent roaddrawing of the layout and longitudinal profiles of the existent roaddrawing of the layout and longitudinal profiles of the existent road

Output data:

Layers: 30_INTERSECTIONS, 30_INTERSECTIONS_LABELS30_INTERSECTIONS, 30_INTERSECTIONS_LABELS30_INTERSECTIONS, 30_INTERSECTIONS_LABELS30_INTERSECTIONS, 30_INTERSECTIONS_LABELS

See also commands:

The command is intended for the input of intersections with the existent infrastructure

(roads, railroads, streams). In the selected longitudinal profile the command will show all the

existent and already defined roads, railroads or the stream gradient. The command can be

helpful when planning intersections or when leveling roundings in the intersections.

After the start of the command the following dialog box appears.

In the upper part of the dialog box you must select the drawings of the layout (axis) and the

longitudinal profile of the existent infrastructure. With the option »Label axis name« the

presentation of all axes names is included. After the selection of the input files, all the axes,

which the momentary axis crosses, are shown in the lower list. An input of the axis »1« in

the longitudinal profile is shown on the following pictures. The axis »1« was defined by two

leaps and one-sided cross-section.

Layout:

Longitudinal profile:

2.10. 31J - Roadway widenings

Command name: READ EXPANSIONS FROMREAD EXPANSIONS FROMREAD EXPANSIONS FROMREAD EXPANSIONS FROM FILE <FILE <FILE <FILE <---- EXEXEXEX

Command code: 31J231J231J231J2

Icon:

Task: Automatic drawing of road expansions based on EX fileAutomatic drawing of road expansions based on EX fileAutomatic drawing of road expansions based on EX fileAutomatic drawing of road expansions based on EX file

Input data: EX fileEX fileEX fileEX file

Output data: Road expansionsRoad expansionsRoad expansionsRoad expansions

Layers:

See also commands: 31J131J131J131J1

Based on the data stored in an EX file, the Read expansions from file <- EX (31J2) command

is inserting road expansion lines in the drawing. In the Longitudinal Section module, road

expansion lines are represented as PLINE objects. Road expansions are defined with two

separate lines, one for the left and right side respectively. The data defining roadway widths

is stored in an EX file that can be created by using any ASCII text editor or by the appropriate

command (21L1) in the Axes module.

See Appendix A for description of file structure.

Example of the EX file:Example of the EX file:Example of the EX file:Example of the EX file:

# AXIS_0 *! LEFT SIDE RIGHT SIDE ************************************************************************************************** KM M LANE_L2 LANE_L1 AXIS LANE_R1 LANE_R2 LANE_R3 ************************************************************************************************** 0 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 116.473 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 209.102 0.000 0.000 0.412 0.000 0.000 0 274.543 0.000 0.000 0.412 0.000 0.000

Program inserts the road expansion lines in the appropriate rubric (Road-expansions) and

labels the width values at all the cross sections.

By setting the following parameters you can customize the appearance of road expansions:

• [310804] Right roadway-edge curve color (6),

• [310805] Right roadway-edge curve linetype (LK_HIDDEN),

• [310806] Left roadway-edge curve color (5),

• [310807] Left roadway-edge curve linetype (CONTINUOUS).

2.11. 31K - Cross-falls

Usually, the definition of cross falls follows the vertical alignment design. Program can

calculate superelevations according to the official standards such as radii, speed and

superelevation rate diagrams or they can be constructed based on the previously calculated

data stored in the SUP file type.

The following set of commands is available:

• CALCULATE AND DRAW SUPERELEVATIONS (31K1) – calculate single and double sided

cross slopes,

• Read superelevations from PLINE (31K4) - convert an existing PLINE object to cross

slope line,

• Save superelevations to file -> SUP (31K7) and Read superelevations from file <- SUP

(31K2) - save the superelevation data to a file and insert it back to the drawing

automatically,

• Calculate and label superelevations (31K5) - insert the appropriate labels for

superelevations,

• Calculate Road Edges (31K6) – calculate and construct superelevations of the edges.

Using the Vertical jumps between lanes commands, you define vertical jumps or curbs

between lanes. Jump/curb data is saved by means of the 31N command to the LS file with

which you insert a roadway to the longitudinal sections.

Command name: CALCULATE AND DRAW CCALCULATE AND DRAW CCALCULATE AND DRAW CCALCULATE AND DRAW CROSSROSSROSSROSS----FALLSFALLSFALLSFALLS

Command code: 31K131K131K131K1

Icon:

Task: Calculating and constructing the cross slopesCalculating and constructing the cross slopesCalculating and constructing the cross slopesCalculating and constructing the cross slopes

Input data: AXS fileAXS fileAXS fileAXS file

Output data: Cross slopesCross slopesCross slopesCross slopes

Layers:

See also commands: 31K4 to 31K731K4 to 31K731K4 to 31K731K4 to 31K7

For the purpose of calculating the cross slopes, the data defining horizontal alignment that

is stored in a file of type AXS and calculating velocity are needed. The calculated velocity can

be set by using the Road category (31B) command.

In case roadway widths have not been inserted function will use widths defined in lanes

manager.

Data about horizontal elements function is read from rubric horizontal alignments . That's

why user must preliminary run command 31F for insertion of horizontal alignments. In case

that we didn't insert width of road, the programme will use widths that were set with

command 21C3. If width of lanes was already inserted with command 31J1, programme

reads first width of lane left and first width of lane to the right from axis.

Parameters for cross slope calculation can be set by using the CALCULATE AND DRAWCALCULATE AND DRAWCALCULATE AND DRAWCALCULATE AND DRAW CRCRCRCROSS OSS OSS OSS

SLOPESSLOPESSLOPESSLOPES dialog box:

There are several possibilities available when calculating cross slopes:

1. Inserting of one or two sided cross slope or constant slope;

2. Inserting without transition, with calculated or defined transition;

In first case the cross slopes transition will be cascade.

In second case the length of the transition ramp is calculated on the basis of the ds

parameter. The length is calculated, so that the width of the lane is the width in the

point between the two main elements. In case that the width at the transition ramp is

not constant, the actual ds parameter will be different from the given one.

In third case the length of the transition can be defined by user.

3. You can define transition-breaks by using one of the following methods:

• without correction,

• correction by parameters L and q,

• correction by parameters ∆s and q,

• correction by parameters ∆s and L.

Where parameters L, q and ∆s are as follows:

• L transition length,

• q cross slope at the transition,

• ∆s coefficient of slope change at the transition.

Parameter ∆s is calculated according to the equation:

L

wid1q1wid2q2∆s

∗−∗=

Where:

q1 cross slope at the start of the transition,

q2 cross slope at the end of the transition,

wid1 width of the road at the start of the transition,

wid2 width of the road at the end of the transition and

L length of the transition.

L L

q

q

∆s ∆s

After clicking OK, select left and right lane to be annotated.

Several cross slope lines get drawn to the cross slope rubric (even one

above the other). Cross slope lines get drawn on their layers. Layer

names are: LRO_WIDTH_lane-name_LEFT for lanes left to the axis and

LRO_WIDTH_lane-name_RIGHT for the lanes right to the axis.

Calculation of the Cross Slope According to JUS Standard:

Program is calculating the cross slope based on starting and ending radius of the transition

and radius of circular arc. At straight segments the cross slope is 2.5%. Cross slopes are

calculated based on RADIUS/CROSS SLOPE for different calculating velocities.

Diagrams RADII/CROSS SLOPES are stored in file LRO_CrossFalls.xm and can be found in the

directory where the PLATEIA is installed. According to the radius of circular arc or transition,

cross slope Q is evaluated as follows:

• If R < Rmin, then Q=7%;

• If R is inside the interval covered by RADIUS/CROSS SLOPE diagram, Q is evaluated

according to it;

• If R > Rmax then Q=2.5%.

Calculation of the Cross Slope According to German RAS-L Standard:



calculated based on RADIUS/CROSS SLOPE (Figure 28, see Richtlinien für die Anlage von

Straßsen, Teil Linienführung RAS-L, Ausgabe 1995, page 27) for different calculating

velocities. RADII/CROSS SLOPES diagrams are stored in file LRO_CrossFalls.xm and can be

found in the directory where the PLATEIA is installed. According to the radius of circular arc

or transition, cross slope Q is evaluated as follows:



according to it;

• If R > Rmax ,then Q=2.5%.

Calculation of the Cross Slope According to Austrian RVS Standard:



calculated based on RADIUS/CROSS SLOPE for different calculating velocities. The

RADII/CROSS SLOPES diagrams are stored in file LRO_CrossFalls.xm and can be found in the

directory where the PLATEIA is installed. According to the radius of circular arc or transition,

cross slope Q is evaluated as follows:

• If R < Rmin, then Q is evaluated based on calculation velocity according to the

following table:

VVVVrrrr 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

QQQQ 7.0 7.0 6.75 6.6 6.5 6.4 6.3 6.2 6.1 6.0


according to it;

• If R > Rmax , then Q=2.5%.

Calculation of the Cross Slope According to Check Standard:


and radius of circular arc. At straight segments the cross slope is 2.0%. The cross slopes are

calculated according to the equation:

R

VQ r

2

3.0 ∗=

Where:

Vr calculating velocity v km/h,

R radius of circular arc or transition in m and

Q cross slope in %.

Calculation of the Cross Slope According to Polish WPD Standard:



calculated based on the RADIUS/CROSS SLOPE (Table 6.2, WZTZCZNE PROJEKTOWANIA DRÓG

WPD-1, page 38 and Table 5.7, WZTZCZNE PROJEKTOWANIA DRÓG WPD-2, page 36) for

different calculating velocities. The RADII/CROSS SLOPES diagrams are stored in file

LRO_CrossFalls.xm and can be found in the directory where the PLATEIA 5.0 is installed.

According to the radius of circular arc or transition, cross slope Q is evaluated as follows:



according to it;

• If R > Rmax , then Q=2.0%.

If the first element in an AXS file is straight segment, it is necessary to define the prefix of

the transition or circular that follows.

Calculated cross slopes are drawn in the rubric Superelevations as two separate PLINE

objects.

By setting the following parameters you can customize the appearance of superelevations:

• [310601] Right superelevation-line-color (6),

• [310602] Right superelevation-line-type (PL_HIDDEN),

• [310603] Left superelevation-line-color (5),

• [310604] Left superelevation-line-type (CONTINUOUS),

• [310605] Superelevation scheme color (7).

Command name: READ CROSSREAD CROSSREAD CROSSREAD CROSS----FALLS FROM FILE <FALLS FROM FILE <FALLS FROM FILE <FALLS FROM FILE <---- CRSCRSCRSCRS


Icon:

Task: InsertInsertInsertInserting the superelevations from a fileing the superelevations from a fileing the superelevations from a fileing the superelevations from a file

Input data: SUP fileSUP fileSUP fileSUP file

Output data: Cross slopeCross slopeCross slopeCross slope

Layers:

See also commands: 31K731K731K731K7

The Read cross-falls from file <- CRS (31K2) command inserts cross falls in the design

based on data that was previously stored in a file of type CRS. File of this type can be created

by using any ASCII text editor or by the Save cross-falls to file -> CRS (31K7) command.


Example of the CRS file:Example of the CRS file:Example of the CRS file:Example of the CRS file:

# AXIS_0 *************************************************************************************** KM M LANE_L2 LANE_L1 AXIS LANE_R1 LANE_R2 LANE_R3 *************************************************************************************** 0 0.000 2.50 2.50 -2.50 -2.50 -2.50 0 116.473 2.50 2.50 -2.50 -2.50 -2.50 0 209.103 7.00 7.00 -7.00 -7.00 -7.00 0 274.543 7.00 7.00 -7.00 -7.00 -7.00

The Read cross-falls from file <- CRS (31K2) command is mainly used in the following cases:

• When the CRS file is created by entering the stations and the corresponding slope

values through an ASCII text editor. Then cross slopes are automatically inserted in

the drawing based on previously prepared CRS file.

• When already created cross falls has to be corrected. In this case you first create the

cross falls by using the CALCULATE AND DRAW CROSS-FALLS (31K1) command and

then save the data to a SUP file type by using the Save cross-falls to file -> CRS

(31K7) command. After correcting the slope values in the file that was previously

saved by using ASCII text editor, you reinsert the cross falls in the design by using

the Read cross-falls from file <- CRS (31K2) command.

Command name: SETING AXIS OF SUPERSETING AXIS OF SUPERSETING AXIS OF SUPERSETING AXIS OF SUPERELEVATIONSELEVATIONSELEVATIONSELEVATIONS

Command code: 31K2A31K2A31K2A31K2A

Icon:

Task: ddddetermination of axis of superelevation for different etermination of axis of superelevation for different etermination of axis of superelevation for different etermination of axis of superelevation for different stationsstationsstationsstations

Input data:

Output data:

Layers:

See also commands: 31K3B, 31N31K3B, 31N31K3B, 31N31K3B, 31N

Axis of superelevation is represented by a line along horizontal alignment and defines

distance of rotation point from horizontal alignment. In most cases superelevation axis is

defined on horizontal alignemnt. In special cases superelevation axes can be defined outside

of horizontal alignemnt.

After we run the command we see next dialog box:

The Determination of axis of superelevation dialog box explanation:

StationStationStationStation User manually inserts station of superelevation axis change. With button

uuuuser chooses station in drawing.ser chooses station in drawing.ser chooses station in drawing.ser chooses station in drawing.

Axis ofAxis ofAxis ofAxis of User chooses axis of superelevation for selected station. User can choose between

lanes that were set by command 21C3 or axis.

DisplacementDisplacementDisplacementDisplacement Here user inserts displacement of axis of superelevation from selected lane in

rubric Axis of superelevation. Positive values reprezent diplacement to the outside

of axis, negative values to the inside.

With this button we add new line of definition for axis of superelevation into list.

With this button we also edit existing values.

Deleting line from list.

Draw in rubricDraw in rubricDraw in rubricDraw in rubric On/off drawing the axis of superelevation in rubric.

After we click OK we have set the axis of superelevation and programme will use it when

saving in a LS file (command 31N). Values between stations are linear interpolated.

In case, that we don't set axis of superelevation, programme takes axis of superelevation by

axis of road!

Command name:: EDIT CROSSEDIT CROSSEDIT CROSSEDIT CROSS----FALLS AND LANE ELEVAFALLS AND LANE ELEVAFALLS AND LANE ELEVAFALLS AND LANE ELEVATIONSTIONSTIONSTIONS


Icon:

Task: labeling editing crossediting crossediting crossediting cross----falls, lane elevations and jumpsfalls, lane elevations and jumpsfalls, lane elevations and jumpsfalls, lane elevations and jumps

Input data: cross-falls and jumps

Output data:

Layers:

See also commands: command group 31K

Command is used for editing cross-falls for particular lanes. User has three options. First

option is for editing values for cross-falls for particular lanes. In this case user enters value

for cross-falls and programme automatically calculates lane elevations. Changes on

neighbour lanes are calculate in way that function uses the same cross falls if it is possible.

Other two options are editing absolute and relative elevations. In both options user edits

elevations on outside edges of lanes. When elevation is changed, user can see change on

neighbourly lanes where slopes adjusted. All other slopes stay unchanged. Elevations cannot

be edited in axis of superelevation, because elevations there are defined with elevation of

vertical alignment.

Elevations and cross-falls are related to jumps between lanes. Jumps can be added, deleted

and their properties can be changed along axis.

User can edit value in table, so that he chooses field in table and type in new value. In case,

that user wants to change values in more fields, he must select more rows. If we press key

SHIFT and select with mouse first and last row, there will be also selected all between the

choosen rows. If we press CTRL key, we can choose more rows that are not neighbours. After

we have selected rows, we select column, operand (+,- or =)and value. After we click Apply,

values in table are recalculated.

The Cross-falls and jump editing dialog box explanation:

Define a Define a Define a Define a jumpjumpjumpjump Adding jump between choosen lanes.Adding jump between choosen lanes.Adding jump between choosen lanes.Adding jump between choosen lanes.

Remove a jump Remove a jump Remove a jump Remove a jump Removing jump between choosen lanes.Removing jump between choosen lanes.Removing jump between choosen lanes.Removing jump between choosen lanes.

Cross fallsCross fallsCross fallsCross falls Editing crossEditing crossEditing crossEditing cross----falls falls falls falls –––– elevations are calculated automatically.elevations are calculated automatically.elevations are calculated automatically.elevations are calculated automatically.

Absolute elevationsAbsolute elevationsAbsolute elevationsAbsolute elevations Editing absolute elevations of outside edges of lanes Editing absolute elevations of outside edges of lanes Editing absolute elevations of outside edges of lanes Editing absolute elevations of outside edges of lanes ––––crosscrosscrosscross----falls are calculated falls are calculated falls are calculated falls are calculated

automatically.automatically.automatically.automatically.

Relative elevationsRelative elevationsRelative elevationsRelative elevations Editing relative elevations of outside edges of lanes Editing relative elevations of outside edges of lanes Editing relative elevations of outside edges of lanes Editing relative elevations of outside edges of lanes ––––crosscrosscrosscross----falls are calculated falls are calculated falls are calculated falls are calculated

automatically. Elavations are relative to the axis of sautomatically. Elavations are relative to the axis of sautomatically. Elavations are relative to the axis of sautomatically. Elavations are relative to the axis of superelevation.uperelevation.uperelevation.uperelevation.

Keep signKeep signKeep signKeep sign If we choose this option, user will increase/reduce absolute values of choosen If we choose this option, user will increase/reduce absolute values of choosen If we choose this option, user will increase/reduce absolute values of choosen If we choose this option, user will increase/reduce absolute values of choosen

fileds. fileds. fileds. fileds.

ApplyApplyApplyApply Calculation of choosen fields is carried out. Calculation is carried out based on Calculation of choosen fields is carried out. Calculation is carried out based on Calculation of choosen fields is carried out. Calculation is carried out based on Calculation of choosen fields is carried out. Calculation is carried out based on

operand, values and choosen column.operand, values and choosen column.operand, values and choosen column.operand, values and choosen column.

Editing settings of crossEditing settings of crossEditing settings of crossEditing settings of cross----section viewsection viewsection viewsection view

Adding line Adding line Adding line Adding line –––– statstatstatstation into list. ion into list. ion into list. ion into list.

Adding line Adding line Adding line Adding line –––– station with choosing station in drawing. station with choosing station in drawing. station with choosing station in drawing. station with choosing station in drawing.

Deleting choosen line. Deleting choosen line. Deleting choosen line. Deleting choosen line.

Adds stations from profilesAdds stations from profilesAdds stations from profilesAdds stations from profiles

Show pointsShow pointsShow pointsShow points With the switched on possibility Show points you can show additional points in the With the switched on possibility Show points you can show additional points in the With the switched on possibility Show points you can show additional points in the With the switched on possibility Show points you can show additional points in the

schematic preview of the crossschematic preview of the crossschematic preview of the crossschematic preview of the cross----sections. These points represent some line in sections. These points represent some line in sections. These points represent some line in sections. These points represent some line in the the the the

room. It can be used for the presentation of imports, existing objects, … For the room. It can be used for the presentation of imports, existing objects, … For the room. It can be used for the presentation of imports, existing objects, … For the room. It can be used for the presentation of imports, existing objects, … For the

presentation you need a LS file that can be entered with the commands 21M4 or presentation you need a LS file that can be entered with the commands 21M4 or presentation you need a LS file that can be entered with the commands 21M4 or presentation you need a LS file that can be entered with the commands 21M4 or

41K4.41K4.41K4.41K4.

Triangle in cross-section view is marking axis of superelevation while circles are marking

edges of lanes. Dialog window enables "zoom" and "pan" in… so user can bring up that part

of cross-fall, that is most interesting to him. When we press OK key, then values in the

drawing are repared.

Command name:: EDIT CROSSEDIT CROSSEDIT CROSSEDIT CROSS----FALLS IN RUBRICFALLS IN RUBRICFALLS IN RUBRICFALLS IN RUBRIC

Command code: 31K3A31K3A31K3A31K3A

Icon:

Task: editing crossediting crossediting crossediting cross----falls directly in rubricfalls directly in rubricfalls directly in rubricfalls directly in rubric

Input data: cross-falls

Output data:

Layers:

See also commands: 31K1, 31K3, 31K3B31K3, 31K3B31K3, 31K3B31K3, 31K3B

Command is used for editing cross-falls in rubric. With command 31K3A user edits cross-

falls directly in rubric CROSS-FALLS. After invoking the command we must first select line of

cross-fall that we want to edit. In drawing we see marked with yellow circle nearest vertex of

line of cross-falls that was choosen.

We get next dialog window:

The Editing cross-falls dialog box explanation:

StationStationStationStation User can lock moving on choosen station and can regulate only slope.

SlopeSlopeSlopeSlope User can lock slope and only change station of vertex.

PreviousPreviousPreviousPrevious Moving on previous vertex of line of cross-falls.

NeNeNeNextxtxtxt Moving on next vertex of line of cross-falls.

Configure stepConfigure stepConfigure stepConfigure step Opens dialog windov for configuring step

User can with interactive input shange values of vertex of lines of cross-falls. To help user

there is a dialog box, where there can be set step and can be locked change of stations or

slopes.

Command name: READ CROSSREAD CROSSREAD CROSSREAD CROSS----FALLS FROM PLFALLS FROM PLFALLS FROM PLFALLS FROM PLINEINEINEINE


Icon:

Task: Converting PLINE object to superelevation lineConverting PLINE object to superelevation lineConverting PLINE object to superelevation lineConverting PLINE object to superelevation line

Input data:

Output data: Cross fallsCross fallsCross fallsCross falls

Layers:

See also commands: 31O131O131O131O1

The Read cross-falls from PLINE (31K4) command is designed for a conversion of a PLINE

object to a cross falls line. You have to decide if the converted PLINE object will become the

left or the right cross slope. Then select the PLINE to be converted.

Command name: CALCULATE AND LABEL CALCULATE AND LABEL CALCULATE AND LABEL CALCULATE AND LABEL CROSSCROSSCROSSCROSS----FALLSFALLSFALLSFALLS


Icon:

Task: Labeling of superelevationsLabeling of superelevationsLabeling of superelevationsLabeling of superelevations

Input data:

Output data:

Layers:

See also commands: 31K31K31K31K

The command is inserting the values of the cross slopes in the longitudinal section table

together with the symbols that indicate the cross fall type - one or two sided. The slope

differences (s) and distances where the difference appears are also marked.

Command name: DRAW SUPERELEVATION DRAW SUPERELEVATION DRAW SUPERELEVATION DRAW SUPERELEVATION LINELINELINELINE


Icon:

Task: Creating of the superelevation Creating of the superelevation Creating of the superelevation Creating of the superelevation line based on roadway widths and cross line based on roadway widths and cross line based on roadway widths and cross line based on roadway widths and cross

slopesslopesslopesslopes

Input data: Roadway widths and cross slopesRoadway widths and cross slopesRoadway widths and cross slopesRoadway widths and cross slopes

Output data: Superelevation lines for right and left side of the roadSuperelevation lines for right and left side of the roadSuperelevation lines for right and left side of the roadSuperelevation lines for right and left side of the road

Layers: 31_SUPERELEV_LEFT_1, 31_SUPERELEV_RIGHT_131_SUPERELEV_LEFT_1, 31_SUPERELEV_RIGHT_131_SUPERELEV_LEFT_1, 31_SUPERELEV_RIGHT_131_SUPERELEV_LEFT_1, 31_SUPERELEV_RIGHT_1

See also commands: 31J1, 31K131J1, 31K131J1, 31K131J1, 31K1

The Draw superelevaton line (31K6) command is inserting the superelevation lines for the

left and right edge of the road in the rubric SUPERELEVATION. The superelevation is

calculated for the start and endpoints of the main elements of horizontal alignment based

on cross slopes and width of the roadway (together with expansions).

Command name: SAVE CROSSSAVE CROSSSAVE CROSSSAVE CROSS----FALLS TO FILE FALLS TO FILE FALLS TO FILE FALLS TO FILE ----> CRS> CRS> CRS> CRS


Icon:

Task: Writing of the superelevation data to a fileWriting of the superelevation data to a fileWriting of the superelevation data to a fileWriting of the superelevation data to a file

Input data: SuperelevationSuperelevationSuperelevationSuperelevation

Output data: SUP fileSUP fileSUP fileSUP file

Layers:


You can save the data describing cross falls that was previously designed in the drawing. The

command generates the CRS file type. The data should be saved when you need to redraw

the cross falls later with or without changes that can be done by using any ASCII text editor.


Example of the CRS file:Example of the CRS file:Example of the CRS file:Example of the CRS file:

# AXIS_0 *************************************************************************************** KM M LANE_L2 LANE_L1 AXIS LANE_R1 LANE_R2 LANE_R3 *************************************************************************************** 0 0.000 2.50 2.50 -2.50 -2.50 -2.50 0 116.473 2.50 2.50 -2.50 -2.50 -2.50 0 209.103 7.00 7.00 -7.00 -7.00 -7.00 0 274.543 7.00 7.00 -7.00 -7.00 -7.00

Command name: CALCULATE CROSSCALCULATE CROSSCALCULATE CROSSCALCULATE CROSS----FALLS WITH MIDDLE LAFALLS WITH MIDDLE LAFALLS WITH MIDDLE LAFALLS WITH MIDDLE LANES <NES <NES <NES <---- CRS, WID CRS, WID CRS, WID CRS, WID ----> CRS > CRS > CRS > CRS


Icon: nnnnoneoneoneone

Task: writing the data of crosswriting the data of crosswriting the data of crosswriting the data of cross----falls falls falls falls in a file in a file in a file in a file

Input data: crosscrosscrosscross----falls, width of lanesfalls, width of lanesfalls, width of lanesfalls, width of lanes

Output data: filefilefilefile PNGPNGPNGPNG

Layers:


Command is used to calculate cross-falls with median.

In dialog window user sets input data of cross-falls that were previously calculated and

widths of the lanes. User defines points on left and right that will have the same elevation as

it is defined for the vertical alignment. Before changing of super elevation the result is the

same as it is seen in picture 1.

User defines output file. Result of transormation is shown on picture 2. Median lanes are

adjusted in that way that points defined in Displacement frame have the same elevatioin as

vertical alignment. Results are writen in new file and can be checked and edited with View

button.

Command name: READ JUMPS FROM FILE READ JUMPS FROM FILE READ JUMPS FROM FILE READ JUMPS FROM FILE <<<<---- JMPJMPJMPJMP


Icon:

Task: reading of jumps from the JMP filereading of jumps from the JMP filereading of jumps from the JMP filereading of jumps from the JMP file

Input data: JMP fileJMP fileJMP fileJMP file

Output data: jumpsjumpsjumpsjumps

Layers: 31_JUMPS_RIGHT_name_lane, 31_JUMPS_LEFT_name_lane31_JUMPS_RIGHT_name_lane, 31_JUMPS_LEFT_name_lane31_JUMPS_RIGHT_name_lane, 31_JUMPS_LEFT_name_lane31_JUMPS_RIGHT_name_lane, 31_JUMPS_LEFT_name_lane

See also commands: 31L31L31L31L

Using the Read jumps from file <- JMP (31K9) command, you insert jumps saved in the JMP

file to the drawing. You can prepare the file manually or it can be a result of the Save jumps

to file ->JMP (31KA) command.

You can find a structure of the JMP file in Appendix A.

Example of the JMP file:Example of the JMP file:Example of the JMP file:Example of the JMP file:

# 1 ******************************************************************************************************* KM M RADWEG SPURL2 SPURL1 OS SPURR1 SPURR2 ******************************************************************************************************* 0 0.00 0.20 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 200.00 0.20 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 500.00 0.20 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 800.00 0.20 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 938.77 0.20 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Command name: SAVE JUMPS TO FILESAVE JUMPS TO FILESAVE JUMPS TO FILESAVE JUMPS TO FILE----> JMP> JMP> JMP> JMP

Command code: 31KA31KA31KA31KA

Icon:

Task: saving of jumps to thsaving of jumps to thsaving of jumps to thsaving of jumps to the JMP filee JMP filee JMP filee JMP file

Input data: jumpsjumpsjumpsjumps

Output data: JMP fileJMP fileJMP fileJMP file

Layers: 31_JUMPS_RIGHT_name_lane, 31_JUMPS_LEFT_name_lane31_JUMPS_RIGHT_name_lane, 31_JUMPS_LEFT_name_lane31_JUMPS_RIGHT_name_lane, 31_JUMPS_LEFT_name_lane31_JUMPS_RIGHT_name_lane, 31_JUMPS_LEFT_name_lane

See also commands: 31L31L31L31L

This command is intended for saving the jump values to the JMP file. You perform the save

when you want to perserve jump data for some later inputting. You can find a structure of

the JMP file in Appendix A.

2.12. 31M - Label lanes and road edges

Command name: LABEL LANES AND ROADLABEL LANES AND ROADLABEL LANES AND ROADLABEL LANES AND ROAD EDGESEDGESEDGESEDGES

Command code: 31M31M31M31M

Icon:

Task: Drawing and labeling of road edgesDrawing and labeling of road edgesDrawing and labeling of road edgesDrawing and labeling of road edges

Input data:

Output data: RoadRoadRoadRoad----edge linesedge linesedge linesedge lines

Layers:

See also commands:

This command calculates the elevation of the left and right road edge. Values of the

calculated elevations are then written in the L.ROAD-EDGE ELEV and R.ROAD-EDGE ELEV

rubrics of the longitudinal section table. If you want, program can also draw the curves of

the left and right edge of the road.

Program calculates the elevation of every point of the alignment according to the following

equation:

100

wid_lq_lhig_ahig_l

∗+=

Where:

• hig_l elevation of the left road edge [m],

• hig_a elevation of the alignment [m],

• q_l cross slope [%] and

• wid_l width of the road (to the left of centerline).

Similar equation is used for calculation of the right road edge.

When you construct a highway with separated lines, there are two methods of calculation of

the road edge elevations available. They are shown in the figure below:

wid_l wid_ro_l o_d

q_l

q_rhig_n

hig_l level

wid_l/2 wid_r/2

o_l o_d

q_l q_rhig_n

hig_l

level

wid_l/2 wid_r/2

1st Method

2nd Method

Figure:Figure:Figure:Figure: Two methods of calculation of the road edge elevations.

In these two cases the width of the road is calculated according to the following equations:

• 1st Method

100

wid_lq_lhig_ahig_l

∗+=

• 2nd Method

1002

wid_lq_lhig_ahig_l

∗

∗+=

Where:

• hig_l elevation of the left road edge [m],

• hig_a elevation of the alignment [m],

• q_l cross slope [%] and

• wid_l width of the road (to the left of centerline).

Similar equation is used for calculation of the right road edge.

By setting the following parameters you can customize the appearance of road edges:

• [310801] Roadway-edge elevation text-height (0.25),

• [310802] Roadway-edge elevation text-alignment (_M),

• [310803] Roadway-edge elevation text-color (7),

• [310804] Right roadway-edge curve color (6),

• [310805] Right roadway-edge curve linetype (LK_HIDDEN),

• [310806] Left roadway-edge curve color (5),

• [310807] Left roadway-edge curve linetype (CONTINUOUS).

2.13. 31N - SAVE LONGITUDINAL SECTION -> LS

Command name: SAVE LONGITUDINAL SESAVE LONGITUDINAL SESAVE LONGITUDINAL SESAVE LONGITUDINAL SECTION CTION CTION CTION ----> LS> LS> LS> LS

Command code: 31N31N31N31N

Icon:

Task: Writing the data defining longitudinal section in a fileWriting the data defining longitudinal section in a fileWriting the data defining longitudinal section in a fileWriting the data defining longitudinal section in a file

Input data:

Output data: LS fileLS fileLS fileLS file

Layers:

See also commands: 41F, 31P1, 21O, 21P41F, 31P1, 21O, 21P41F, 31P1, 21O, 21P41F, 31P1, 21O, 21P

When the construction of the alignment is finalized, cross falls calculated, lane widths and

jumps defined, you can store the data that defines the longitudinal section in a file of type

LS. Data from this file is used for:

• Calculate Volumes -> QV (31P1) command that calculates cut and fill volumes in the

Longitudinal sections module,

• Command from the Roadway (41F) group in the Cross sections module

• Draw alignment and road edges in 3D <- LS command in the Axes module.

LS file type contains three data sections divided by the character “&”:

• Data defining the curves in the alignment,

• Data defining the minimums and maximums of the alignment,

• Data defining stations, profile codes, alignment elevations, lanes cross falls, widths

and jumps.

You can find a structure of the LS file in Appendix A.

EXTREM attribute can be evaluated as MIN for minimum or MAX for

maximum of the alignment.

Example of the LS file:Example of the LS file:Example of the LS file:Example of the LS file:

# AXIS_0 *! CHAI VERT.ELEV R LON.SLO. SP EP 0.000 120.777 0.000 -4.160 0.000 0.000 154.961 114.331 19200.000 -3.398 81.806 228.116 301.558 109.350 7500.000 -2.421 264.919 338.196 458.905 105.541 3300.000 -1.177 438.373 479.436 500.000 105.057 0.000 0.000 500.000 500.000 * & * *! STA ELEV EXTREME

0.0 120.777 MAX 500.000 105.057 MIN

* & ****************************************************************************************************************************************** *! LEFT SIDE RIGHT SIDE *! CROSS_SECTION STATION ELEVATION ELEVATION ELEVATION ELEVATION ELEVATION ELEVATION ELEVATION *! DISTANCE SLOPE DH SLOPE SLOPE SLOPE SLOPE *! WIDTH DX WIDTH WIDTH WIDTH WIDTH ****************************************************************************************************************************************** CROSS_SECTION STATION LANE_L2 JUMP_L1 LANE_L1 AXIS LANE_R1 LANE_R2 LANE_R3 ****************************************************************************************************************************************** P1 0.000 121.152 121.065 120.865 120.777 120.690 120.615 120.590 20.000 2.500 0.200 2.500 -2.500 -2.500 -2.500 7.000 0.050 3.500 3.500 6.500 7.500 * P2 20.000 120.320 120.233 120.033 119.945 119.858 119.783 119.758 20.000 2.500 0.200 2.500 -2.500 -2.500 -2.500 7.000 0.050 3.500 3.500 6.500 7.500 * P3 40.000 119.488 119.401 119.201 119.113 119.026 118.951 118.926 20.000 2.500 0.200 2.500 -2.500 -2.500 -2.500 7.000 0.050 3.500 3.500 6.500 7.500 * P4 60.000 118.721 118.569 118.369 118.281 118.194 118.119 118.094 20.000 2.500 0.200 2.500 -2.500 -2.500 -2.500 9.591 0.050 3.500 3.500 6.500 7.500 * P5 80.000 117.876 117.737 117.537 117.449 117.362 117.287 117.262 20.000 2.500 0.200 2.500 -2.500 -2.500 -2.500 9.054 0.050 3.500 3.500 6.500 7.500 * P6 100.000 117.032 116.913 116.713 116.626 116.538 116.463 116.438 20.000 2.500 0.200 2.500 -2.500 -2.500 -2.500 8.238 0.050 3.500 3.500 6.500

2.14. 31O - Rehabilitation

The group of commands named Rehabilitation enables you to efficiently design the

reconstruction of the roadway. The Draw existing superelevations <- CRO (31O1) command

is used to define the existing cross slopes along the roadway in order to design the new

roadway that follows the old one as much as possible. The Calculate new vertical alignment -

> TAN (31O2) command is used to calculate elevations of the alignment in the terrain

profiles. For the definition of the elevation differences between the old and new road the

Calculate thickness -> HD (31O3) command is available.

Command name: DRAW EXISTING SUPEREDRAW EXISTING SUPEREDRAW EXISTING SUPEREDRAW EXISTING SUPERELEVATIONS <LEVATIONS <LEVATIONS <LEVATIONS <---- CROCROCROCRO

Command code: 31O131O131O131O1

Icon:

Task: Defining the cross slope based on cross sectionDefining the cross slope based on cross sectionDefining the cross slope based on cross sectionDefining the cross slope based on cross section

Input data: CRO fileCRO fileCRO fileCRO file

Output data: Line of the existing cross slopeLine of the existing cross slopeLine of the existing cross slopeLine of the existing cross slope

Layers: 31_SUPERELEV_TMP31_SUPERELEV_TMP31_SUPERELEV_TMP31_SUPERELEV_TMP

See also commands:

By using the Draw existing superelevations <- CRO (31O1) command, you can generate

cross slopes of an existing road based on survey measurements of an existing road.

Survey data prepared as a file type CRO is the input needed for the calculation of cross

slopes. The following figure shows an example of calculation of cross slope on one of the

road profiles.

ROAD EDGE ROAD EDGEROAD AXIS

TERRAIN

RECORDED TERRAIN POINT

SPECIAL TERRAIN POINTTERENSKA TOČKA

dx_l

dy_l

dx_r

dy_rq_l q_r

Figure:Figure:Figure:Figure: Calculation of cross slope.

Cross slope is calculated according to the following equation:

100dx_l

dy_lq_l ∗= and 100

dx_r

dy_rq_r ∗=

Where:

• dx_l distance between centerline and left edge of the road [m],

• dx_r distance between centerline and right edge of the road [m],

• dy_l superelevation of the left edge of the road [m],

• dy_r superelevation of the right edge of the road [m],

• q_l left cross slope [%] in

• q_r right cross slope [%].

If the calculated value of a cross slope exceeds 8%, the value is set to 8%.

Example of the CRO file:Example of the CRO file:Example of the CRO file:Example of the CRO file:

# VERSION 1 P1 0+0.000 110.000 114.906 -11.000 112.754 -9.500 113.488 -8.800 113.676 -7.600 114.128 -6.200 114.324 -5.600 113.995

-4.500 114.374 ROADEDGE -3.000 114.538 -2.000 114.642 -1.000 114.771 0.000 114.906 AXES 1.000 114.835 2.000 114.763 3.000 114.762 4.000 114.684 5.000 114.592 6.000 114.525 ROADEDGE 7.000 114.179 8.200 114.561 9.500 115.303 10.600 115.972 11.200 116.225

Program calculates the cross slopes for both left and right side of centerline based on three

points:

• Two points (left and right of centerline) with an ROADEDGE attribute and

• One point on the road centerline.

For the profiles that do not have any point with the ROADEDGE attribute, program

determines the leftmost point as a point on the left edge of the road and/or the rightmost

point as a point on the right edge of the road.

If all the measured points belong to the roadway only, the ROADEDGE

attribute is not important. This attribute is significant when there are also

measured points outside of the roadway. In that case, if the ROADEDGE

attribute is missing, program will calculate an inaccurate cross slope based

on the leftmost and rightmost point of the profile.

Result of cross slope calculation are the lines drawn in the SUPERELEVATION rubric. Based on

cross slopes of an existing road, you can design the superelevation of the new road.

By setting the following parameters you can customize the appearance of the design of

superelevations of an existing road:

• [310607] Existing right superelevation-curve color (241),

• [310609] Existing right superelevation-curve linetype (LK_HIDDEN),

• [310606] Existing left superelevation-curve color (141),

• [310608] Existing left superelevation-curve linetype (CONTINUOUS).

Command name: CALCULATE NEW VERTICCALCULATE NEW VERTICCALCULATE NEW VERTICCALCULATE NEW VERTICAL ALIGNMENT AL ALIGNMENT AL ALIGNMENT AL ALIGNMENT ----> TAN> TAN> TAN> TAN


Icon:

Task: Calculating new points of vertCalculating new points of vertCalculating new points of vertCalculating new points of vertical alignment when reconstructing the roadwayical alignment when reconstructing the roadwayical alignment when reconstructing the roadwayical alignment when reconstructing the roadway


Output data: TAN file and points on the alignmentTAN file and points on the alignmentTAN file and points on the alignmentTAN file and points on the alignment

Layers: 31_TANGENT_POINTS31_TANGENT_POINTS31_TANGENT_POINTS31_TANGENT_POINTS

See also commands:

After the cross slopes of an existing roadway have been calculated and the new ones

designed, you have to define the elevation of the vertical alignment. Assuming the fact that

you want to cover the roadway with an asphalt of appropriate minimal thickness, it is

necessary to determine the point that will, with respect to the calculated cross slope,

increase the vertical alignment to the highest possible level . See the figure that follows.


TERRAIN

RECORDED TERRAIN POINT

SPECIAL TERRAIN POINT

q_l

dh

NEW LEVELHEIGHT

Elevation of the vertical alignment is calculated according to the following equation:

100

distqdhhig_phig_ali

∗++=

Where:

• Q cross slope [%],

• dist distance between the point and centerline [m],

• dh thickness of the roadway coverage [m],

• hig_p elevation of the point [m] in

• hig_ali elevation of the new vertical alignment [m].

Example of the CRO file:Example of the CRO file:Example of the CRO file:Example of the CRO file:

# VERSION 1 P1 0+0.000 110.000 114.906 -11.000 112.754 -9.500 113.488 -8.800 113.676 -7.600 114.128 -6.200 114.324 -5.600 113.995 -4.500 114.374 ROADEDGE -3.000 114.538 ROADWAY -2.000 114.642 ROADWAY -1.000 114.771 ROADWAY 0.000 114.906 ROADWAY 1.000 114.835 ROADWAY 2.000 114.763 ROADWAY 3.000 114.762 ROADWAY 4.000 114.684 ROADWAY 5.000 114.592 ROADWAY 6.000 114.525 ROADEDGE 7.000 114.179 8.200 114.561 9.500 115.303 10.600 115.972 11.200 116.225

Program calculates the elevation of vertical alignment for every terrain point, separately for

the left and right side of centerline, determines the highest point on the left and right side

and at the end selects the highest of those two.

Similarly as with the Draw existing superelevations <- CRO (31O1) command, it is important

which points are used for the calculation. As the reconstruction includes only roadway,

program is filtering only points that have the ROADEDGE and ROADWAY attributes. If the

Limit roadway-width box is not checked, the calculation will be applied to all the points

independent of the attribute presence or its value.

If the CRO file contains only points that belong to the roadway, the status of

the Limit roadway-width check box is not important. Its status is significant

when the file contains points outside of the roadway. In that case the box

has to be checked to filter only points which have the ROADEDGE and ROADWAY attributes.

In the CalculatCalculatCalculatCalculate new vertical alignmente new vertical alignmente new vertical alignmente new vertical alignment dialog box that appears after invoking the command,

you have to select the input and output file names and if needed, select the Limit roadway-

width check box and determine the minimum thickness.

Calculate new level dialog box.

Results of the calculation are the vertical alignment elevations in all the terrain profiles.

These elevations are saved in a form of tangents. If the Draw levbel points box is checked,

the calculated points will be inserted in the longitudinal section design on the

31_TANGENT_POINTS layer.

Command name: VERTICAL ALIGNMENT AVERTICAL ALIGNMENT AVERTICAL ALIGNMENT AVERTICAL ALIGNMENT AUTOMATIC SUGGESTIONUTOMATIC SUGGESTIONUTOMATIC SUGGESTIONUTOMATIC SUGGESTION


Icon:

Task: Suggests a new vertical alignmentSuggests a new vertical alignmentSuggests a new vertical alignmentSuggests a new vertical alignment

Input data: Data from drawing Data from drawing Data from drawing Data from drawing

Output data: VerVerVerVertical alignment output in drawingtical alignment output in drawingtical alignment output in drawingtical alignment output in drawing

Layers:

See also commands 31O231O231O231O2

Program draws a new vertical alignment according to the tangent/vertical alignment

calculation. Thus you can perform additional corrections and check the result again.

Command name: RESULT SURVEYRESULT SURVEYRESULT SURVEYRESULT SURVEY


Icon:

Task: display results

Input data: Fileileileile

Output data: FileFileFileFile

Layers:


The Result survey (31O4) command draws a final result of the new tangent position based

on the tangent/vertical alignment calculation.

31O531O531O531O5 - Calculate thickness -> HD

Command name: CALCULATE THICKNESS CALCULATE THICKNESS CALCULATE THICKNESS CALCULATE THICKNESS ----> HD> HD> HD> HD


Icon:

Task: Labeling the elevation differences between terrain and roadwayLabeling the elevation differences between terrain and roadwayLabeling the elevation differences between terrain and roadwayLabeling the elevation differences between terrain and roadway


Output data: HD fileHD fileHD fileHD file

Layers:


The Calculate thickness -> HD (31O3) command calculates the elevation differences

between the terrain and roadway on the centerline and on both road edges. Program reads

the terrain data form the CRO file type. The data that defines the roadway are taken from the

longitudinal section design (alignment, superelevations, road widths). Calculated elevation

differences are shown on the figure bellow:


TERRAIN

ROADWAY

dh_l dh_r

dh_os

Elevation differences are inserted in the appropriate rubric. The structure of the HD output

file type is as follows:

PROF HD_L HD_AX HD_R

Codes description:

• PROF profile code (STRING),

• HD_L elevation difference on the left edge of the road in centimeters

(REAL),

• HD_AX elevation difference on the centerline in centimeters (REAL)

• HD_R elevation difference on the right edge of the road in centimeters

(REAL).

The HD File type can also contain lines that start with the following special characters:

• * Comment,

• # SECTION start of a new section of data followed by the SECTION

name,

Example of the HD file:Example of the HD file:Example of the HD file:Example of the HD file:

# VERSION 1 * * PROF HD_L HD_AX HD_R * P1 14.906 10.351 6.028 P2 24.239 11.278 -8.655 P3 11.100 6.332 7.511 P4 18.647 2.263 3.000 P5 23.131 8.625 10.000

Command name: SAVE DATA FOR THICKNSAVE DATA FOR THICKNSAVE DATA FOR THICKNSAVE DATA FOR THICKNESSESSESSESS----CONTOURS CONTOURS CONTOURS CONTOURS ----> QS> QS> QS> QS


Icon:

Task: Saving of the elevation differences between roadway and terrainSaving of the elevation differences between roadway and terrainSaving of the elevation differences between roadway and terrainSaving of the elevation differences between roadway and terrain


Output data: QS fileQS fileQS fileQS file

Layers:

See also commands:

The Save data for thickness-contours -> QS (31O4) command is used to save the data

defining the elevation differences between terrain and roadway on both left and right edge

of the road and on its centerline. The command will save the data in a QS file type that can

later be used by the program QuickSurf that will draw thickness contours in the DELTA H

rubric.

The structure of the QS file type is the following:

X Y Z

Codes description:

• X X coordinate of a rubric (REAL),

• Y Y coordinate of a rubric (REAL)

• Z Z coordinate (REAL).

QS file type QS file type QS file type QS file type example:example:example:example:

* X Y Z 9.850 6.435 14.906 9.850 5.997 10.351 9.850 5.778 6.028 10.706 6.435 24.239 10.706 5.997 11.278 10.706 5.778 -8.655

The QS file type does not support the sections of data.

2.15. 31P – Mass Haul

The group of commands Mass haul is intended for drawing of the cumulative diagram of

cuts and fills. The point of this function is to balance the quantities of a cut and a fill

because this way the final costs of the project can be largely influenced. Before making the

mass haul, the cross-sections have to be made and the quantities of a cut and a fill have to

be planimetered (command 41M1). These data represent the basis for making a mass haul.

Command name: DRAW DRAW DRAW DRAW MASS HAULMASS HAULMASS HAULMASS HAUL

Command code: 31P131P131P131P1

Icon:

Task: Drawing of the mass haul based on the quantities from the crossDrawing of the mass haul based on the quantities from the crossDrawing of the mass haul based on the quantities from the crossDrawing of the mass haul based on the quantities from the cross----sectionssectionssectionssections

Input data: drawing of the crossdrawing of the crossdrawing of the crossdrawing of the cross----sectionssectionssectionssections

Output data:

Layers: 30_MASS_HAUL30_MASS_HAUL30_MASS_HAUL30_MASS_HAUL

See also commands: 31P31P31P31P

The command is intended for the drawing of a mass haul (mass profile). The mass haul

represents a cumulative balance of a cut and a fill on a defined station. The first point of the

diagram is regulated with an initial value. In the first step the balance line will be put into

this point but later it can be defined on another interval with the command 31P2. Before

making the mass haul, the cross-sections have to be made and the quantities of a cut and a

fill have to be planimetered (command 41M1).

After the start of the command the following dialog box appears:

Meaning of the settings in the dialog box:

Source Cross sections Source Cross sections Source Cross sections Source Cross sections

drawingdrawingdrawingdrawing

The drawing of cross-sections where the quantities of a cut and a fill are

planimetered

Start stationStart stationStart stationStart station The start station of the mass haul

End stationEnd stationEnd stationEnd station The end station of the mass haul

Horizontal scaleHorizontal scaleHorizontal scaleHorizontal scale The horizontal scale of the mass haul

Vertical scaleVertical scaleVertical scaleVertical scale The vertical scale of the mass haul

Cut quantityCut quantityCut quantityCut quantity The planimetered quantity in the cross-sections that represents the cut

Fill quantityFill quantityFill quantityFill quantity The planimetered quantity in the cross-sections that represents the fill

Initial diagram valueInitial diagram valueInitial diagram valueInitial diagram value The value of the diagram at the start station

Draw tableDraw tableDraw tableDraw table Drawing of the table of transports

In the column »Adjustment factor and soil classification« are given the characteristics of the

soil on a defined interval. With the key a new interval is added, so the start and end

station are shown in the longitudinal section. Similarly in the column »Specification of the

site / landfill« the location and the characteristics of the site or landfill are defined. The

algorithm calculates the closest site/landfill and uses it when calculating the transport

distances. After pressing OK, in the drawing the point of diagram entry is shown and then

the point of the transport table input, if it was included. The picture below shows an

example of a mass haul.

In the drawing the main balance line is marked with »1«. In the starting point the main

balance line is set in the first point (leftmost) of the diagram. The main balance line can be

set to any value of the ordinate with the command 31P2. When setting the main balance line,

the program automatically searches the secondary balance lines. In the drawing above the

secondary balance line is marked with »2«. The program sets secondary balance lines in the

points of local minimums/maximums and where the soil type changes. The line that is

marked with »3« is the line, to which the transportations are not necessary and the soil can

be transported with a bulldozer.

The balance lines divide the mass haul into sections. For every section the following data are

calculated and marked:

CCCC Cut

CCCCCCCC Corrected cut – the cut multiplied with a correction factor

FFFF Fill

AAAA The quantity of the material that comes from a site.

DDDD The quantity of the material that is deposited in a landfill.

MTDMTDMTDMTD Mean transportation distance. Represents the mean distance that a truck will drive for the

transportation of the material within the section.

MMMM Transportation moment represents the quantity of the transported material multiplied by the

mean transportation distance.

Command name: DEFINE BALANCE LINEDEFINE BALANCE LINEDEFINE BALANCE LINEDEFINE BALANCE LINE


Icon:

Task: Definition of the balance line in a mass haulDefinition of the balance line in a mass haulDefinition of the balance line in a mass haulDefinition of the balance line in a mass haul

Input data: Mass haulMass haulMass haulMass haul

Output data:

Layers: 30_MASS_HAUL_MAI30_MASS_HAUL_MAI30_MASS_HAUL_MAI30_MASS_HAUL_MAIN_BALANCE_LINEN_BALANCE_LINEN_BALANCE_LINEN_BALANCE_LINE


After drawing the mass haul with the command 31P1 the balance line is set in the starting

point of the diagram. With the command 31P2 the balance line can be defined in another

area. By doing this, the quantities of the transported material are reduced. After the start of

the command, the command line states:

Define main balance line elevation:

The value can be put in the command line or it can be shown in the drawing. After selecting

the value, a horizontal line is drawn on a proper height across the whole diagram. In the

next step the start and the end point of the balance line must be defined. The start and the

end point must always be shown in the intersection of the mass and the balance line.

After selecting the balance line, the calculation of the quantities of all sections and the table

of transports are updated.

Command name: REFRESH MASS HAULREFRESH MASS HAULREFRESH MASS HAULREFRESH MASS HAUL


Icon:

Task: Refreshing the mass line in a mass haulRefreshing the mass line in a mass haulRefreshing the mass line in a mass haulRefreshing the mass line in a mass haul

Input data: MaMaMaMass haulss haulss haulss haul

Output data:

Layers: 30_MASS_HAUL30_MASS_HAUL30_MASS_HAUL30_MASS_HAUL


If the planimetered quantities in the cross-section drawing were changed, the mass line in

the mass haul must be refreshed. After starting the command, the mass line is updated and

all the quantities are newly calculated. The table of transports is also updated.

2.16. 31Q - Stop visibility length calculation

Command name: STOP VISIBILITY LENGSTOP VISIBILITY LENGSTOP VISIBILITY LENGSTOP VISIBILITY LENGTH CALCULATIONTH CALCULATIONTH CALCULATIONTH CALCULATION

Command code: 31Q31Q31Q31Q

Icon:

Task: Calculating and drawing of a stop sight distance Calculating and drawing of a stop sight distance Calculating and drawing of a stop sight distance Calculating and drawing of a stop sight distance diagramdiagramdiagramdiagram

Input data: Velocity file (V) and level/longitudinal slopesVelocity file (V) and level/longitudinal slopesVelocity file (V) and level/longitudinal slopesVelocity file (V) and level/longitudinal slopes

Output data: TableTableTableTable

Function 31Q is used for analysis of vertical visibility and also for calculating stop visibility

lengths. Stop visibility lengths are determined by design speed and longitudinal slope of

vertical alignment.

Calculation of stop visibility lengths can be done in two ways. First one is with the following

formula:

Second method is based on values that are stored in SHLIN.DAT file. The default values are

set according to RAS-L standard. User can manually edit SHILIN.DAT file to customize table

for local standard.

Values that are not defined in table are linearly interpolated. Results are represented in

graph are two lines (for both driving directions). Lines are labeled with erf. Sh.

The other two lines represent vertical visibility in both driving directions. Lines are labeled

with vorh. Sh. Vertical visibility is determined by the height of driver's eye and height ob

obstacle on the roadway.

v85 [km/h]

Height hZ [m]

60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130

0,00 0,05 0,15 0,25 0,35 0,40 0,45 0,45

On sag curves there is also option to calculate night visibility. In that case lower of both

values in applied on a graph. Rays of night visibility are represented with dashed lines. Night

visibility is calculated regarding angle of light beam upward from the plane of the vehicle.

After you start the command following dialogue box appears.

"Vertical stopping sight visibility analysis" dialog box explanation:

Station, Speed station and design speed of the section of the road

adding new row (section)

deleting row (section)

Start stacionaža start station of vertical visibility analysis

End stacionaža end station of vertical visibility analysis

Step Step of calculation in meters

Define fT factor,

standard friction coefficient is calculated with following equation

Define fT factor,

user defined

user defines friction coefficient manually

From formula Stopping sight distance is defined by upper formula

From table Stopping sight distance is defined by SHLIN.DAT table

Reaction time Reaction time of driver in seconds

Consider night

visibility

If this option is on night visibility is checked also.

Draw rays Rays of visibility are drawn in each step

2.17. 31R - Roadway-Surface control

Command name: DRAW AND SAVE RESULTDRAW AND SAVE RESULTDRAW AND SAVE RESULTDRAW AND SAVE RESULTANT SLOPES ANT SLOPES ANT SLOPES ANT SLOPES ----> RSL> RSL> RSL> RSL

Command code: 31R131R131R131R1

Icon:

Task: Schematic drawing of a resultant slope and saving the data to a fileSchematic drawing of a resultant slope and saving the data to a fileSchematic drawing of a resultant slope and saving the data to a fileSchematic drawing of a resultant slope and saving the data to a file

Input data:

Output data: RRRRSL fileSL fileSL fileSL file

Layers:

See also commands: 31R231R231R231R2

The Draw and save resultant slope -> RSL (31R1) command is inserting the resultant slopes

represented by arrows that show the direction of the slope. The length of the arrows

indicates the value of the slope. Resultant slope is calculated and drawn for both left and

right road edges.

Figure: Arrows showing the direction of the slope.Arrows showing the direction of the slope.Arrows showing the direction of the slope.Arrows showing the direction of the slope.

Resultant slopes can be saved in a RSL file that has the following record structure:

STA_KM STA_M RSL_L RSL_R

Codes description:



• RSL_L left resultant slope v % (REAL) in

• RSL_R right resultant slope % (REAL).

Example of the RSL file:Example of the RSL file:Example of the RSL file:Example of the RSL file:

* STA_KM STA_M RSL_L RSL_R 0 0.000 -4.92218 4.92218 0 20.000 -4.92218 4.92218 0 40.000 -4.92218 4.92218 0 60.000 -4.48139 4.48139 0 80.000 -3.83729 3.83729 0 100.000 -3.27007 3.27007

Command name: SAVE DATA FOR ROADWASAVE DATA FOR ROADWASAVE DATA FOR ROADWASAVE DATA FOR ROADWAYYYY----CONTOURS CALCULATIONCONTOURS CALCULATIONCONTOURS CALCULATIONCONTOURS CALCULATION ----> QS> QS> QS> QS


Icon:

Task: Preparing the elevations of the roadway for drawing of roadway contoursPreparing the elevations of the roadway for drawing of roadway contoursPreparing the elevations of the roadway for drawing of roadway contoursPreparing the elevations of the roadway for drawing of roadway contours

Input data:

Output data: QS fileQS fileQS fileQS file

Layers:

See also commands:

The Save data for Roadway-Contours Calculation -> QS (31R2) command extracts the

elevations of the left and right roadway edge and the elevation of road centerline from the

design. The data is then saved in the QS file type that can be used by the program QuickSurf

which can later generate the roadway contours in the RESULTANT SLOPE rubric. In the dialog

box that appears after invoking the command, you have to select the output file name and

specify the distance between the profiles that will be saved.

The structure of the QS file type is as follows:

X Y Z

Description of the codes:

• X X coordinate of a rubric (REAL),

• Y Y coordinate of a rubric (REAL) in

• Z Z coordinate (REAL).

Example of the QS file:

* X Y Z 9.850 6.435 14.906 9.850 5.997 10.351 9.850 5.778 6.028 10.706 6.435 24.239 10.706 5.997 11.278 10.706 5.778 -8.655

The QS file type does not support the sections of data.

Command name: DRAW DITCHDRAW DITCHDRAW DITCHDRAW DITCH


Icon:

Task: Interactive drawing of vertical alignment of ditchesInteractive drawing of vertical alignment of ditchesInteractive drawing of vertical alignment of ditchesInteractive drawing of vertical alignment of ditches

Input data:

Output data:

Layers: 31_DITCH_LEFT, 31_DITCH_RIGHT31_DITCH_LEFT, 31_DITCH_RIGHT31_DITCH_LEFT, 31_DITCH_RIGHT31_DITCH_LEFT, 31_DITCH_RIGHT

See also commands: 31V2, 31V331V2, 31V331V2, 31V331V2, 31V3, 41G6, 41G6, 41G6, 41G6

You can define the vertical alignment of ditches by simply selecting the points that will

generate a PLINE object on the 31_DITCH_LEFT or 31_DITCH_RIGHT layers depending on

the side of the road that you selected before. These objects can be edited by using the

standard AutoCAD commands. When ready, you can label the vertical alignment of ditches

by using the Calculate ditches (31R5) command. The longitudinal section design can contain

any number of vertical alignments of ditches.

An entry of the ditch gradient is also possible with an entry from the file. The command 31V2 – »Line

drawing along the axis« can be used. It is important that the name of the line is DITCH_L_PT or

DITCH_R_PT for the left or right ditch. In this case the line along the axis is drawn and tabbed as a

ditch gradient.

An already drawn ditch gradient can be also read in the file with the command 31V3 – »Read lines

along axis«.

Command name: CALCULATE DITCHESCALCULATE DITCHESCALCULATE DITCHESCALCULATE DITCHES


Icon:

Task: Labeling the ditchesLabeling the ditchesLabeling the ditchesLabeling the ditches

Input data:

Output data:

Layers:

See also commands:

You can insert the labels defining the vertical alignment of ditches by using the Calculate

ditches (31R5) command. The labels will be inserted in the L. DITCH ELEV. and R. DITCH

ELEV rubrics depending on the side of the road where the ditch is located. Depending on the

settings in the following dialog box, program will label the ditches in profiles and insert the

labels that define ditch elevations and slopes.

2.18. 31S - Road sewer system

Using this group of commands, you can insert sewer pipes and manholes to the longitudinal

profiles. Pipe and manhole data can be annotated and saved to the files for later reading or

manual processing. There is a preprepared table called »PLATEIA SEWER SYSTEM« containing

all the needed rubrics for sewer data annotation.

This group of commands is specially usefull for users of Canalis. Sewer sistem can be

designed with Canalis in same drawing as road axis. With command 21N4 in module Axis all

necessary data is saved in .CAN file that can be inserted in longitudinal section.

Command name: DRAW SEWAGE SYSTEMDRAW SEWAGE SYSTEMDRAW SEWAGE SYSTEMDRAW SEWAGE SYSTEM

Command code: 31S131S131S131S1

Icon:

Task: drawing of a sewer pipedrawing of a sewer pipedrawing of a sewer pipedrawing of a sewer pipe

Input data:

Output data:

Layers: 31_PIPE, 31_PIPE_UPPER31_PIPE, 31_PIPE_UPPER31_PIPE, 31_PIPE_UPPER31_PIPE, 31_PIPE_UPPER----EDGEEDGEEDGEEDGE

See also commands: 31S31S31S31S

You can insert a sewer pipe to the longitudinal profile by selecting intersection points with

your mouse pointer. After invoking the command, insert a sewer pipe diameter in mm in a

command line. Command line reads:

Pipe-diameter [mm] <1000.0>:

You can insert points from the left side to the right side (in station direction). The line you

are drawing shows a pipe bottom. You can insert intersection points simply by selecting

them or you can help yourself by selecting parameters. If you type P in a command line, a

dialog box opens in which you can define individual parameters or combine two of them.

Command name: LABEL SEWAGE SYSTEMLABEL SEWAGE SYSTEMLABEL SEWAGE SYSTEMLABEL SEWAGE SYSTEM


Icon:

Task: annotating of a sewer pipeannotating of a sewer pipeannotating of a sewer pipeannotating of a sewer pipe

Input data: drawn pipedrawn pipedrawn pipedrawn pipe

Output data:

Layers:


You can annotate sewer pipe data by using the 31S2 command to the rubric no. 27 called

»LEVEL LINE ELEV./FALL«. Values get annotated between the sewer pipe intersections. Pipe

bottom elevations in intersections and a pipe slope in ‰ between the neighboring

intersections get inserted to the rubric.

Command name: DRAW MANHOLES IN PIPDRAW MANHOLES IN PIPDRAW MANHOLES IN PIPDRAW MANHOLES IN PIPE VERTICESE VERTICESE VERTICESE VERTICES


Icon:

Task: drawing of manholes in the sewer pipe verticesdrawing of manholes in the sewer pipe verticesdrawing of manholes in the sewer pipe verticesdrawing of manholes in the sewer pipe vertices

Input data:

Output data:

Layers: 31_MANHOLE31_MANHOLE31_MANHOLE31_MANHOLE


This command enables drawing of manholes in the sewer pipe intersections. After invoking

the command, the following dialog box appears:

In the Insert manholes dialog box you can define parameters for labeling and drawing of

manholes. If the Draw cover above vertical alignment option was selected, manhole gets

drawn up to the vertical alignment. If not, manhole gets drawn up to a terrain line. Figure

below shows an example of manhole drawn up to the terrain line.

You will not get the Draw ManholeDraw ManholeDraw ManholeDraw Manhole----cover above road levelcover above road levelcover above road levelcover above road level----linelinelineline command as

an option, if you do not have your vertical alignment drawn.

Command name: LABEL MANHOLESLABEL MANHOLESLABEL MANHOLESLABEL MANHOLES


Icon:

Task: labeling of sewer system manholeslabeling of sewer system manholeslabeling of sewer system manholeslabeling of sewer system manholes

Input data: from drawingfrom drawingfrom drawingfrom drawing

Output data:

Layers:


You can label drawn manholes to the prepared rubrics by using the 31S3 command. This

command annotates to the following three rubrics:

• STATION/DISTANCE ... manhole station and distance between two neighboring

manholes,

• DISTANCE FROM AXIS ... horizontal distance of manhole from an axis (data can be in

a form of a CAN file),

• MANHOLE COVER ELEVATION ... manhole cover elevation.

Command name: READ PIPE LABELS <READ PIPE LABELS <READ PIPE LABELS <READ PIPE LABELS <---- PIPPIPPIPPIP


Icon:

Task: inserting of pipe data from a PIP fileinserting of pipe data from a PIP fileinserting of pipe data from a PIP fileinserting of pipe data from a PIP file

Input data: PIP file PIP file PIP file PIP file

Output data:

Layers:

See also command: 31S31S31S31S

This command enables insertion of data of pipe type to the »PIPE DESCRIPTION« rubric. Data

should be prepared in a file of a PIP type. After invoking the command, you first select a PIP

file you want to annotate and then a section from a list. After clicking OK, pipe type get

annotated to the rubric’s ordered stations.

You need to prepare a file of PIP type in advance using any text editor such

as Notepad

Structure and an example of PIP file are described in Appendix A.

Command name: READ SEWAGE SYSTEM <READ SEWAGE SYSTEM <READ SEWAGE SYSTEM <READ SEWAGE SYSTEM <---- SEWSEWSEWSEW


Icon:

Task: inserting of sewer from a CAN file inserting of sewer from a CAN file inserting of sewer from a CAN file inserting of sewer from a CAN file

Input data: CAN fileCAN fileCAN fileCAN file

Output data:

Layers: 31_PIPE, 31_PIPE_UPPER31_PIPE, 31_PIPE_UPPER31_PIPE, 31_PIPE_UPPER31_PIPE, 31_PIPE_UPPER----EDGE, 31_MANHOLEEDGE, 31_MANHOLEEDGE, 31_MANHOLEEDGE, 31_MANHOLE

See also commands: 31S, 21N431S, 21N431S, 21N431S, 21N4

This command enables insertion of a road sewer system from a CAN file to a drawing. After

invoking the command, the following dialog box appears:

Using this dialog box, select a CAN file and a section. In addition, you can include a sewer

rubric annotation. Using the lower frame of the dialog box, define manhole widths and

manhole bed thicknesses as these are not defined in the CAN file.

You can save CAN file with command 21N4 in axes module.

You can see an example and a CAN file structure description in Appendix A.

Command name: SAVE SEWAGE SYSTEM SAVE SEWAGE SYSTEM SAVE SEWAGE SYSTEM SAVE SEWAGE SYSTEM ----> CAN> CAN> CAN> CAN


Icon:

Task: save sewage system to a CAN filesave sewage system to a CAN filesave sewage system to a CAN filesave sewage system to a CAN file


Output data: CAN fileCAN fileCAN fileCAN file

Layers: 31_PIPE, 31_PIPE_UPPER31_PIPE, 31_PIPE_UPPER31_PIPE, 31_PIPE_UPPER31_PIPE, 31_PIPE_UPPER----EDGE, 31_MANHOLEEDGE, 31_MANHOLEEDGE, 31_MANHOLEEDGE, 31_MANHOLE


Using this command, you save a sewer system from drawing to the CAN file.

Using the Save sewer systemSave sewer systemSave sewer systemSave sewer system dialog box, select a name and a CAN file path. If the file already

exists, you can save its content to the existing section or type a new section name to a

»Section name« field.

Sewer saved to the CAN file can be inserted by using the 31S6 command.

You can see an example and a description of CAN file structure in Appendix A.

2.19. 31T – Superimposed profile

Command name: SUPERIMPOSED PROFILESUPERIMPOSED PROFILESUPERIMPOSED PROFILESUPERIMPOSED PROFILE

Command code 31T31T31T31T

Icon:

Task: Creating a projection of a profile in new longiCreating a projection of a profile in new longiCreating a projection of a profile in new longiCreating a projection of a profile in new longitudinal sectiontudinal sectiontudinal sectiontudinal section

Input data: SSSSelected tangentselected tangentselected tangentselected tangents/profile/profile/profile/profile

Output data: SSSSuperimposed profile in destination longitudinal sectionuperimposed profile in destination longitudinal sectionuperimposed profile in destination longitudinal sectionuperimposed profile in destination longitudinal section

Layers: 33331111____PROFILE_PROJECTIONPROFILE_PROJECTIONPROFILE_PROJECTIONPROFILE_PROJECTION

Superimposed profile creation enables to create a profile projection of a source profile into

any destination longitudinal section. It also enables creation of multiple profile projections

from a number of different source profiles into one longitudinal section. The latest being

used when creating a vertical connection between two desired profiles.

Superimposed profile can be made using different parameters definition. By default the

profile projection is being made based on source alignment segmentation in meters. The

default value for segmentation is every 1 m.

Other profile projection methods include projection in every cross section, in axis main

points, in vertical alignment main points and in PVI.

All method can be combined so user can make a segmentation + cross sections + vertical

alignment main points projection in order to get the result needed.

Superimposed profile tool enables automatic labeling of projected profile height if user

defined rubric is added to the longitudinal sections data bands. (see Edit current table

command for adding user defined rubric).

Height labeling can be made based on labeling interval (in meters). By default this interval is

set to 1 m. So every meter projected profile is labeled in rubric. Label height in profiles is

also available which enables projected profile labeling in at every cross section position

available in longitudinal section.

Superimposed profile user interface Superimposed profile user interface Superimposed profile user interface Superimposed profile user interface description:description:description:description:

Source vertical Source vertical Source vertical Source vertical

alignmentalignmentalignmentalignment

Displays the name of source alignment name to which

chosen source profile belongs

Destination Destination Destination Destination

longitudinal sectionlongitudinal sectionlongitudinal sectionlongitudinal section

Displays destination alignment name to which chosen

destination longitudinal section /profile view belongs

Layout drawingLayout drawingLayout drawingLayout drawing Source file in which source profile was selected

Characteristic points:Characteristic points:Characteristic points:Characteristic points:

SegmentationSegmentationSegmentationSegmentation

CrossCrossCrossCross----sectionssectionssectionssections

Axis main pointsAxis main pointsAxis main pointsAxis main points

Vertical alignment Vertical alignment Vertical alignment Vertical alignment

main pointsmain pointsmain pointsmain points

PVIPVIPVIPVI

Define method of projection segmentation

Alignment segmentation done every (defined value of) meter

Segmentation done on Cross sections

Segmentation done on axis main points

Segmentation done on vertical alignment / profile main

points

Projection of PVI point to destination longitudinal section

Setting:Setting:Setting:Setting:

Label elevationLabel elevationLabel elevationLabel elevation

RubricRubricRubricRubric

Projection height labeling setting

Label elevation YES (checked) / NO (unchecked). *If there is

no user defined rubric (data band) labeling is not available

When more than one user rubric exist in longitudinal section

used can define in which one to label projection heights. If

more projections are made different projections can be

labeled to different rubrics

Labeling intervalLabeling intervalLabeling intervalLabeling interval

Label profilesLabel profilesLabel profilesLabel profiles

Defines labeling interval every (define value of) meter

Labels projection height in vertical profiles (when cross

sections or correspondent cross section are present this

option can be used to label height in cross section places)

Segmentation axisSegmentation axisSegmentation axisSegmentation axis Name of the axis on which the segmentation is being made

(see segmentation table below)

Perpendicular Perpendicular Perpendicular Perpendicular

projection on axisprojection on axisprojection on axisprojection on axis

Projection method perpendicular to source or destination

alignment

Further additional settings are available in order to define the source segmentation axis and

the type of perpendicular projection on destination axis.

Segmentation on main axis Segmentation on destination axis

Perpendicular

projection from

segmented axis

Perpendicular

projection to

destination axis

Segmentation table

Example 1: Single profile projected to

multiple profile view

Example 2: Two profiles from different

profile views projected to single profile view

2.20. 31U - Break long. section

The 31U command group is intended for preparation of longitudinal section for plotting.

Using the 31U commands, you cut longitudinal section to the smaller sections and arrange

them in a layout space. You plot the drawing by means of the layout space.

Command name: SET BREAK AREASET BREAK AREASET BREAK AREASET BREAK AREA

Command code: 31U131U131U131U1

Icon:

Task: defining of longitudinal section areas for breakingdefining of longitudinal section areas for breakingdefining of longitudinal section areas for breakingdefining of longitudinal section areas for breaking

Input data:

Plotting data:

Layers: 30_CONST30_CONST30_CONST30_CONSTRUCTION_RECTANGLESRUCTION_RECTANGLESRUCTION_RECTANGLESRUCTION_RECTANGLES

See also commands: 31U2, 31U3, 31U431U2, 31U3, 31U431U2, 31U3, 31U431U2, 31U3, 31U4

With command 31U1 the user breakes the longitudinal section into several plot frames in

one of the three possible ways. Then the command 31U2 creates corresponding viewports in

the paper space. After invoking the command, the following dialog box appears:

The Plot layout frames dialog box explanation:

Paper:Paper:Paper:Paper:

Format,OrientationFormat,OrientationFormat,OrientationFormat,Orientation

Select a proper paper format and choose orientation of frame

(Landscape/Portrait).

Paper:Paper:Paper:Paper:

Dimension b x h (mm)Dimension b x h (mm)Dimension b x h (mm)Dimension b x h (mm)

Length and height of the paper in mm. If we choose one of preset paper format,

the value is displayed automatically.

Frames’ settingsFrames’ settingsFrames’ settingsFrames’ settings

By length By length By length By length

Break section according to the selected frame length (paper length minus edges).

We can set overlapping of frames (by length), step for base elevation of the frame

and the offset of the center of the frame from the terrain (by height).


By height By height By height By height

Break section according to the selected frame height (paper format minus table

height and edges). We can set overlapping of frames (by length step for base

elevation of the frame and space above and below terrain in each frame. Length of

frames can be shorter from the set value because of the restriction of the height.

When calculating the frame length, the programme additionally checks for the

space above and below terrain for all terrain points in one frame.


InteractivelyInteractivelyInteractivelyInteractively

We can set step for height and length. When we click the OK button, the dialog

box closes. We show the bottom left and upper right corners of the frames in the

drawing.

Margins' settings:Margins' settings:Margins' settings:Margins' settings:

Margins (mm)Margins (mm)Margins (mm)Margins (mm)

Define left and other margins on the paper

Setting edges:Setting edges:Setting edges:Setting edges:

Distance between margins Distance between margins Distance between margins Distance between margins

Space between margin and viewport in paper space.

and viewports (mm)and viewports (mm)and viewports (mm)and viewports (mm)

Title block width (mm)Title block width (mm)Title block width (mm)Title block width (mm) Setting space on paper for title block.

Frame sizeFrame sizeFrame sizeFrame size It shows the area in [m] that fits inside of one frame.

Example “Frames by length”:Example “Frames by length”:Example “Frames by length”:Example “Frames by length”:

Example “Frames by height”:Example “Frames by height”:Example “Frames by height”:Example “Frames by height”:

Command name: ARRANGE LONG. SECTION TO PARRANGE LONG. SECTION TO PARRANGE LONG. SECTION TO PARRANGE LONG. SECTION TO PLOTLOTLOTLOT

Command code: 31U231U231U231U2

Icon:

Task: preparation of longitudinal sections for plotting into layout spacepreparation of longitudinal sections for plotting into layout spacepreparation of longitudinal sections for plotting into layout spacepreparation of longitudinal sections for plotting into layout space

Input data:

Plotting data:

Layers: 30_CONSTRUCTION_RECTANGLES30_CONSTRUCTION_RECTANGLES30_CONSTRUCTION_RECTANGLES30_CONSTRUCTION_RECTANGLES

See also commands: 31U31U31U31U1111

This command prepares longitudinal section for plotting. First select longitudinal section

cutting areas. After invoking the command, program opens a new layout space and arranges

profiles in it.

We can put frames of the longitudinal section in one or more layouts. When multiple layouts

are selected, the programme makes a new layout for every frame. Name of layout space is

composed of start and finish station. If we select single layout, the programme puts all

frames in one layout. If we choose All frames into one table, all frames go into one table. In

this case, the table heading is only displayed once.

If we want to use a title block, we can insert it into drawing by checking the Title block

option and select it on the disk by clicking the button . If we check the Fold to A4 option,

the programme will draw marks on the paper for folding to A4 format.

2.21. 31V - Tools

Command name: DRAW SYMBOLS <DRAW SYMBOLS <DRAW SYMBOLS <DRAW SYMBOLS <---- SYMSYMSYMSYM

Command code: 31V131V131V131V1

Icon:

Task: Inserting symbols that represent intersections with utility infrastructureInserting symbols that represent intersections with utility infrastructureInserting symbols that represent intersections with utility infrastructureInserting symbols that represent intersections with utility infrastructure

Input data: SYM filSYM filSYM filSYM fileeee

Output data:

Layers: 30_SYMBOLS30_SYMBOLS30_SYMBOLS30_SYMBOLS

See also commands:

This command enables you to quickly insert the predefined blocks at the defined stations

and elevations in the longitudinal section design. Data has to be prepared in the SYM file

type that has the following record structure:

STA_KM STA_M HIGH BLOCK_NAME

Codes description:



• HIGH elevation in meters (REAL) in

• BLOCK_NAME name of the block created by AutoCAD command BLOCK

(STRING).

The file of type SYM can contain the records that start with following special characters:

• # SECTION Start of a new section of data followed by the SECTION

name,

• * Comment.

The SYM file type example: The SYM file type example: The SYM file type example: The SYM file type example:

*

* STA_KM STA_M HIGH BLOCK_NAME * # Section1 0 0.000 114.92 PTT 0 25.780 114.57 CHANEL 0 83.056 113.83 CHANEL 0 284.450 113.27 PTT

The SYM file type can contain data sections.

Command name: DRAW BORDERDRAW BORDERDRAW BORDERDRAW BORDER----LINE <LINE <LINE <LINE <---- ILILILIL


Icon:

Task: Drawing lines along the axis in the longitudinal section designDrawing lines along the axis in the longitudinal section designDrawing lines along the axis in the longitudinal section designDrawing lines along the axis in the longitudinal section design

Input data: IL fileIL fileIL fileIL file

Output data: BorderBorderBorderBorder----linelinelineline


See also commands: 31V3, 21M1, 31V3, 21M1, 31V3, 21M1, 31V3, 21M1, 21M4, 41K3, 41K421M4, 41K3, 41K421M4, 41K3, 41K421M4, 41K3, 41K4

By using the Draw border-line <- IL (31V2) command you can transfer the data that describe

the lines along the axes, stored in the IL file type from the Axes or Cross sections modules in

the design of longitudinal section. The IL file type can be generated by using the (2L6)

command from the Axes module or by the (4I4) command from the Cross sections module.

Structure of the record in the IL file type is as follows:

KM M LINEi PROFIL LINEj

Codes description:Codes description:Codes description:Codes description:

• KM station in kilometers (INTEGER),

• M station in meters (REAL),

• LINEi desired number of lines left of the axis (j=0, 1, 2 ... m),


Xi ... distance from the axis in meters (REAL),

Yi ... elevation in meters (REAL),

• PROFIL profile code (STRING),

• LINEj desired number of lines right of the axis (j=0, 1, 2 ... m),


Xj ... distance from the axis in meters (REAL) and

Yj ... elevation in meters (REAL).

Records of the IL file type can contain the following special cRecords of the IL file type can contain the following special cRecords of the IL file type can contain the following special cRecords of the IL file type can contain the following special characters:haracters:haracters:haracters:

• * Comment,

• # SECTION start of the new section of data followed by the SECTION name,

• NULL replaces the value if it is not available for a certain station.

Example of the IL file type: Example of the IL file type: Example of the IL file type: Example of the IL file type:

KM M FILL_L PROFIL CUT_R 0 -46.356 NULL NULL P1 NULL NULL 0 -34.919 NULL NULL P1A NULL NULL 0 -26.356 NULL NULL P2 NULL NULL 0 -6.356 NULL NULL P3 NULL NULL 0 13.644 NULL NULL P5 NULL NULL 0 21.076 NULL NULL P6 NULL NULL 0 33.644 NULL NULL P7 NULL NULL 0 53.644 NULL NULL P8 8.480 104.502 0 59.240 NULL NULL P9 12.427 104.210 0 73.644 NULL NULL P10 16.619 104.053 0 93.644 NULL NULL P11 15.464 103.734 0 112.967 NULL NULL P12 9.926 103.411 0 113.644 NULL NULL P13 9.616 102.442 0 123.018 NULL NULL P14 NULL NULL 0 133.644 11.789 110.300 P15 NULL NULL 0 153.644 15.851 114.320 P16 NULL NULL 0 166.695 13.071 115.560 P17 NULL NULL 0 173.644 10.911 120.073 P18 NULL NULL 0 177.968 9.293 124.308 P19 NULL NULL

In the Draw border-line dialog box below, you have to select the name of the input file of

type IL, the desired section of data and the border-line that you want to insert in the

longitudinal section design.

Program will insert a PLINE object that represents the selected border-line on the

30_PLINES layer.

Command name: SAVE BORDERSAVE BORDERSAVE BORDERSAVE BORDER----LINE LINE LINE LINE ----> IL> IL> IL> IL


Icon:

Task: Drawing lines along the axis in the longitudinal sectionDrawing lines along the axis in the longitudinal sectionDrawing lines along the axis in the longitudinal sectionDrawing lines along the axis in the longitudinal section

Input data: pline elementspline elementspline elementspline elements

Output data: IL fileIL fileIL fileIL file


See also commands: 31313131V2, 21M1, 21M4, 41K3, 41K4 V2, 21M1, 21M4, 41K3, 41K4 V2, 21M1, 21M4, 41K3, 41K4 V2, 21M1, 21M4, 41K3, 41K4

This command enables saving a line along the axis. Saved lines can be inserted in cross-

sections using the Layout data transfer<- IL (41K3) command. Data is transferred in the file

of type IL.

You can see the description of CAN file structure in Appendix A.

Example of IL file:

KM M FILL_L PROFILE CUT_D 0 -46.356 NULL NULL P1 NULL NULL 0 -34.919 NULL NULL P1A NULL NULL 0 -26.356 NULL NULL P2 NULL NULL 0 -6.356 NULL NULL P3 NULL NULL 0 13.644 NULL NULL P5 NULL NULL 0 21.076 NULL NULL P6 NULL NULL 0 33.644 NULL NULL P7 NULL NULL 0 53.644 NULL NULL P8 8.480 104.502 0 59.240 NULL NULL P9 12.427 104.210 0 73.644 NULL NULL P10 16.619 104.053 0 93.644 NULL NULL P11 15.464 103.734 0 112.967 NULL NULL P12 9.926 103.411

0 113.644 NULL NULL P13 9.616 102.442 0 123.018 NULL NULL P14 NULL NULL 0 133.644 11.789 110.300 P15 NULL NULL 0 153.644 15.851 114.320 P16 NULL NULL 0 166.695 13.071 115.560 P17 NULL NULL 0 173.644 10.911 120.073 P18 NULL NULL 0 177.968 9.293 124.308 P19 NULL NULL

After invoking this command, the following dialog box appears:

After pressing the>> IL file button, you show the way and name of the file you want to save.

By using the Select PLINE elements from drawing >> button, you choose the lines you want

to save to the IL file. Then you select a method of saving points.

You can save points:

• in terrain profiles;

• in vertices of the PLINE elements or

• using both ways.

In addition, you can select also a file section. After clicking OK, the file is saved.

Command name: AUXILIARY LINESAUXILIARY LINESAUXILIARY LINESAUXILIARY LINES


Icon:

Task: Drawing of a vertical, horizontal and inclined auxiliary linesDrawing of a vertical, horizontal and inclined auxiliary linesDrawing of a vertical, horizontal and inclined auxiliary linesDrawing of a vertical, horizontal and inclined auxiliary lines

Input data:

Output data: ConConConConstruction linesstruction linesstruction linesstruction lines

Layers: 30_CONSTR_LINES30_CONSTR_LINES30_CONSTR_LINES30_CONSTR_LINES

See also commands:

By using the Auxiliary lines (31V4) command you can insert a vertical, horizontal and

inclined auxiliary line. The vertical line will be inserted on the defined Station while

Horizontal line will be inserted at specified elevation. In case of drawing inclined line user

must define slope and insertion point of construction line.

The lines will be inserted on the 30_CONSTR_LINES layer.

Command name: DEFINE POINT, READ SDEFINE POINT, READ SDEFINE POINT, READ SDEFINE POINT, READ STATION AND ELEVATIONTATION AND ELEVATIONTATION AND ELEVATIONTATION AND ELEVATION


Icon:

Task: Measuring of a station and elevation of a selected pointMeasuring of a station and elevation of a selected pointMeasuring of a station and elevation of a selected pointMeasuring of a station and elevation of a selected point

Input data:

Output data:

Layers:

See also commands:

The Define point, read station and elevation (31V5) command is similar to the AutoCAD ID

command. The difference is that it takes into account the setting of horizontal and vertical

scale of the current longitudinal section design. The command returns the station in

kilometers and meters and elevation in meters.

Command name: DEFINE STATION AND EDEFINE STATION AND EDEFINE STATION AND EDEFINE STATION AND ELEVATION, DRAW POINTLEVATION, DRAW POINTLEVATION, DRAW POINTLEVATION, DRAW POINT


Icon:

Task: Drawing of a construction pointDrawing of a construction pointDrawing of a construction pointDrawing of a construction point

Input data:

Output data:


See also commands:

The Define station and elevation, draw point (31V6) command inserts a construction point

into the current longitudinal section design in a specified station at the given elevation. This

command can become a useful tool when constructing the elements of the longitudinal

section that are not drawn by the program automatically. Every construction point will be

inserted on the 30_CONSTR_LINES layer.

Command name: LABEL POINTLABEL POINTLABEL POINTLABEL POINT


Icon:

Task: labeling of values to a rubric in selabeling of values to a rubric in selabeling of values to a rubric in selabeling of values to a rubric in selected pointlected pointlected pointlected point

Input data: point or stationpoint or stationpoint or stationpoint or station

Output data: value in rubricvalue in rubricvalue in rubricvalue in rubric

Layers:

See also commands: 31V9 31V9 31V9 31V9

Usually you label values to the rubrics in sections or points where values change

(crossslopes). If you want to read and label a value in a point which is not necessarily a

section, use the Label point command (31V7). After invoking the command, the Calculate in

the selected point dialog box opens:

In the Calculate in the selected point dialog box, select rubrics and lanes to be labeled. After

clicking OK, dialog box closes and the command line reads:

Point or station:

Select a labeling point using a mouse or insert its station in m. Finish labeling by clicking

Enter.

Command name: DIMENSION ELEVATIONSDIMENSION ELEVATIONSDIMENSION ELEVATIONSDIMENSION ELEVATIONS


Icon:

Task: Dimensioning of an elevationDimensioning of an elevationDimensioning of an elevationDimensioning of an elevation

Input data:

Output data:


See also commands:

The elevation of any desired longitudinal section element could be dimensioned by using the

Dimension elevations (31V81) command. Using the Dimension elevations dialog box shown

below that appears after invoking the command, you can define the dimensioning style. The

dimension of the defined style will then be inserted at the selected point together with its

elevation label.

Command name: DIMENSION SLOPEDIMENSION SLOPEDIMENSION SLOPEDIMENSION SLOPE


Icon:

Task: Dimensioning of a slopeDimensioning of a slopeDimensioning of a slopeDimensioning of a slope

Input data:

Output data:


See also commands:

By using the Dimension slope (31V82) command you can draw a dimension of any desired

slope in the current longitudinal section design. Through the Dimension slopeDimension slopeDimension slopeDimension slope dialog box

shown below that appears after invoking the command you can define the dimensioning

style (type of arrow and slope label). At the end you have to select two points that define the

position of the slope dimension.

Command name: DIMENSION LENGTHDIMENSION LENGTHDIMENSION LENGTHDIMENSION LENGTH


Icon:

Task: dimensioning of LINE element or dimensiodimensioning of LINE element or dimensiodimensioning of LINE element or dimensiodimensioning of LINE element or dimensioning between two pointsning between two pointsning between two pointsning between two points


Output data: modified drawingmodified drawingmodified drawingmodified drawing

Layers: this command does not use themthis command does not use themthis command does not use themthis command does not use them

See also commands: 31V8 31V8 31V8 31V8

Using the 31V83 command, you can dimension longitudinal section elements. This

command takes into account both horizontal and vertical scale and so differs from the usual

dimensioning using the AutoCAD commands. You can perform dimensioning between two

selected points or select LINE elements.

You can dimension horizontal, vertical or inclined distance between two selected points. In

the Dimensioning style frame select a dimensioning stile from the styles defined in

AutoCAD.

Command name: LABEL PLINELABEL PLINELABEL PLINELABEL PLINE


Icon:

Task: annotating of polyline to user rubricannotating of polyline to user rubricannotating of polyline to user rubricannotating of polyline to user rubric

Input data: polylinpolylinpolylinpolyline in drawinge in drawinge in drawinge in drawing

Output data: data in rubricdata in rubricdata in rubricdata in rubric

Layers:

See also commands: 31V7, 31C331V7, 31C331V7, 31C331V7, 31C3

This command is intended for annotating of polyline to user rubric. You can annotate a

station, elevation, height-difference between the selected polyline and tarrain or a height-

difference between a selected polyline and any polyline.

Select between annotating in polyline vertex points, in cross-section points or on selected

even distance.

Prior to invoking the command, you need to have prepared a user

rubric first. You can add it using the 31C3 command.

Command name: INSERT TEXT FROM FILINSERT TEXT FROM FILINSERT TEXT FROM FILINSERT TEXT FROM FILE <E <E <E <---- TXTTXTTXTTXT

Command code: 31VA31VA31VA31VA

Icon:

Task: Reading text from file at specified station and elevationReading text from file at specified station and elevationReading text from file at specified station and elevationReading text from file at specified station and elevation

Input data: TXT fileTXT fileTXT fileTXT file

Output data:

Layers:

See also commands: 31VB31VB31VB31VB

This command enables a quick insertion of any text on previously selected stations and

elevations in a longitudinal section. The command takes into account text parameters such

as elevation, rotation, leveling, style and layer. You prepare data in a TXT file having the

following form:

STA_KM STA_M ELEV TEXT TXT_HEIGHT TXT_ROT TXT_LEVEL TXT_FONT LAYER COLOR

Legend:

• STA_KM station in km (INTEGER),

• STA_M station in m (REAL),

• ELEV elevation in m (REAL),

• TEXT text content that needs to be in inverted commas (STRING),

• TXT_HEIGHT text height (REAL),

• TXT_ROT text rotation (REAL),

• TXT_LEVEL text leveling (STRING),

• TXT_STYLE text style that needs to appear in inverted commas (»«) and

• LAYER text layer (STRING)

• COLOR text color that needs to appear in inverted commas (»«).

In HD file, also the lines having a special symbol in the first column may appear. Special

symbols are as follows:

• * asterix in first column stands for comment or comment line,

Example of TXT file:Example of TXT file:Example of TXT file:Example of TXT file:

* * STA_KM STA_M ELEV TEXT TXT_HEIGHT TXT_ROT TXT_LEVEL TXT_STYLE LAYER * 0 10,000 115,000 "KRIŽANJE" 0,350 0,000 BL "TXT" "TEKSTI 1" 0 40,000 114,000 "DALJNOVOD" 0,250 0,000 TR "RUBRIC_TXT" "TEKSTI 2" 0 120,000 102,000 "PREHOD 2" 0,400 90,000 R 0 130,000 104,000 "PREHOD 3" 0,300 0,000 0 140,000 106,000 "PREHOD 4" 0 150,000 107,000 "PREHOD 5" 0,100 NULL NULL "TXT" "TEKSTI 3"

First four columns in TXT file are obligatory while the rest of them are not. You must replace

the missing intermediate values with the NULL symbol. See Example of TXT file.

TXT file has no sections.

Command name: SAVE TEXT TO FILE -> TXT

Command code: 31VB

Icon:

Task: Saving any text at specified station and elevation to file

Input data: Selected texts in drawing

Output data: TXT file

Layers:

See also commands: 31VA

This command enables saving of any text in longitudinal section to the TXT file that you can

read again by using the Read text from file <-TXT (31VA) command. Saved file has a

structure as described with the Read text from file <-TXT (31VA) command. First you specify

the name of TXT file to which you will save your data and then you select TEXT elements to

be saved.

TXT file has no sections.

4 plateia 2012 eng longitudinal

Documents

longitudinal sections

longitudinal section

longitudinal section

vertical alignment

road edges

command descriptions

short descriptions

31g31g31g31g tangents