4 principle of projection

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KC11501 - PRINSIP LUKISAN

KEJURUTERAAN

Md. Mizanur Rahman

School of Engineering and IT

Universiti Malaysia Sabah

Kota Kinabalu, Sabah,


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PROJECTION

The figure of view formed by joining, in correct sequence, the

points at which these lines meet the plan is called the projection

of object.

PROJECTORS

The lines or rays drawn from the object to the plan are called

projectors.

PLAN OF PROJECTIONS

The transparent plane on which the projections are drawn is

known as plane of projection..


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PERSPECTIVE OF PROJECTION


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PRINCIPLE OF

ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEW

FRONT VIEW

The front view of an object isdefined as the view that isobtained as projection on thevertical plane by looking the

object normal to its frontsurface. It is the usual practiceto position the object such thatits front view reveals most theimportant feature.


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TOP VIEW

The top view of an object isdefined as the view that isobtained as projection on the

Horizontal plane by looking theobject normal to its top surface.


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SIDE VIEW

The side view of an object isdefined as the view that isobtained as projection on the

profile plane by looking theobject normal to its sidesurface. As there are two sidefor an object viz. left side and

right side two possible sideviews. The left side view andright side views may beobtained.


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Dimensions Length of the top view is the same as length of the

front view Height of the side view is same length as height of

front view Width of the view is the same as the width of the side

view Each view gives two dimensions

Front view gives length and height

Top view gives length and width Side view gives height and width


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Pictorial ProjectionThe projections in which the description of the object iscompletely understood in one view is known as PictorialView


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ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONORTHO mean right angle and ORTHOGRAPHIC meansright angle drawing. When the projector are perpendicularto the plan on which the projection is obtained, it isknown as orthographic projection.


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VERTICAL PLANE

Extend the rays or projection further to meet a verticalplane (VP) located behind the object. Join the points atwhich the projectors meet the plane, in correct sequence.


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HORIZONTAL PLANE

Horizontal plane is hinged perpendicular to VP such thatthe object is in front of VP.


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XY Line

The line of intersection of VP and HP is called thereference line and denoted as XY.


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To obtain the projections on the drawing sheet

It is convention to rotate the HP through 900 in clockwisedirection so that it lies in the extension of VP.


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h

r

h

Front View

Top View

VP

HP

r

The top view along with HP is rotated through 900and occupies the position vertically bellow XY line.Now the two projections FV and TV may be drawn onthe two dimensional drawing sheet shown in thefigure.


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Surface which are parallel to the direction of vision willbe seen as tines and edges parallel to it will be seen aspoints in orthographic views

If the surface is parallel to a plane, its projection onthat plane will show its free shape and size.

Rhombus and parallelogram shown in the pictorialviews are square and rectangular surface respectivelyin orthographic view

The curved surface of an object when views normal to

it appears as rectangular in orthographic view Ellipse in pictorial view represents circle in orthographic

view.


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Thanks You


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ENGINEERING DRAWING

Title : Cycloid and InvoluteProblem 1: Draw a cycloid of a rolling circle of radius 65 mm and also draw

tangent and normal of the cycloid at any arbitrary point N on it.

Problem 1: Draw the involute of a regular pentagon of side 40 mm.

Marks Distributions

Sheet preparation (margin, title box, scale, cleanliness, etc 10%Drawing -- 50%Labeling -- 20%Line and dimension -- 10%

4 principle of projection

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