4 th international evidence based policing confere nce legitimacy and police traffic stop training...
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4th International Evidence Based Policing Conference
Legitimacy and Police Traffic Stop Training
Chief Superintendent Tony Robinson
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1. Police behaviour affects legitimacy
2. Citizens want fair treatment
3. Unfair treatment can lead to defiance (Sherman,1993)
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Legitimacy Defined
Legitimacy is the recognition of the moral rightness of the police’s claim to
exercise power
(Tankebe, 2011)
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Legitimacy
• Legitimacy is built by police behaviour - earned
• Earn legitimacy and keep it• Not either-or but requires continuous
work to build and maintain
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Benefits of Legitimacy to Police
• Legitimacy motivates voluntary acceptance of police authority
• Legitimacy can lead to deference to police officers and cooperation
(Tyler 2006)
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Building legitimacy
• Effectiveness• Distributive Justice• Procedural Justice
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Building Legitimacy
• Procedural Justice – how police treat citizens
• The procedures by which the police exercise authority are central to public reactions to the police– Quality of treatment– Quality of decision making
(Tyler 2006)
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Legitimacy in Police Traffic Stop Training
• Cambridge Master’s Thesis – examined legitimacy in training of officers in traffic
stops– Data – content analysis
• Identify trainers’ instructions to recruits• SOPs for traffic training
• Ascertain areas of convergence or divergence with the academic evidence on legitimacy
• Recommendation to re-think training of officers 8
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Met Police Instructions
• Where officers need to transport detainees... they should not to be complacent about safety.
• Stopping of vehicles can be dangerous... do not stop in a dangerous position e.g. brow of a hill.
• Discussion will concentrate on... principles for safe searching of vehicles.
• Vehicle stops are the third most likely cause of assaults on police... look for suspects and weapons
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Trainers quotes• Why are we doing this? To keep us safe... Do
police still die at the roads? Yes.• When stopping a car you must be visible, wear
your hi vis jacket... bear in mind the stopping distance required by other drivers.
• Don’t talk to people in the middle of the road always stand on the pavement not in the road.
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Findings • Minimal emphasis on Procedural Justice in: – Policy or practice documents– Trainers’ words– Traffic stop training notes
• Emphasis on officer safety– Reflecting Met Police priority
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The Future• Police training
– Change to increase focus upon how people are treated. Putting people at ease, creating legitimacy, should be a goal of policing.
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Why Legitimacy Research ?
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Conclusion
• People are overwhelmed by their experience ... with individual police officers (Darley 2000)
– The way police exercise their authority affects citizens’ perceptions of fairness.
– Police behaviour can build or degrade police legitimacy.
• People react to the police in terms of quality of
treatment. (Tyler 2006)
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