40302h geography 40302h (specification a)
TRANSCRIPT
40302H(JUn1240302H01)G/T76061 6/6/6/6/6/
Centre Number Candidate Number
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Other Names
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For Examiner’s Use
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General Certificate of Secondary EducationHigher TierJune 2012
Geography 40302H(Specification A)Unit 2 Human Geography
Monday 18 June 2012 9.00 am to 10.30 am
For this paper you must have:the colour insert (enclosed)a pencila rubbera ruler.You may use a calculator.
Time allowed 1 hour 30 minutes
Instructions Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. Answer THREE questions: one question from Section A (Questions 1 – 3) one question from Section B (Questions 4 – 6) one other question from either Section A or Section B. You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write
outside the box around each page or on blank pages. Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want
to be marked. Use case studies to support your answers where appropriate.
Information The marks for questions are shown in brackets. The maximum mark for this paper is 75. You will be marked on your ability to: – use good English; – organise information clearly; – use specialist vocabulary where appropriate.
Advice Where appropriate, credit will be given for the use of diagrams to illustrate
answers and where reference is made to your personal investigative work. You are advised to allocate your time carefully.
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Section A
Answer one question from Section A and one question from Section B and one otherquestion from either Section A or Section B.
Use case studies to support your answers where appropriate.
Total for this question: 25 marks 1 Population Change
1 (a) Study Figure 1 and Figure 2 opposite.
Figure 1 is an advertisement for China’s One Child Policy.
Figure 2 shows some quotes about changes made to China’s One Child Policy in the 1990s.
1 (a) (i) Choose two of the quotes in Figure 2 and explain why these changes to the One Child Policy were made.
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Figure 1
Figure 2
Parents with no brothers or sisters can now have more than one child.
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Ethnic minorities living in China can now have more than one child.
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People living in the countryside can now have more than one child.
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1 (a) (ii) Describe one or more problem(s) that China’s One Child Policy has caused.
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1 (b) (i) Study Figure 3, giving details of a Polish migrant to the UK.
Figure 3
My name is Jerzy Bronowski. I am 32 years old and I come from Krakow in Poland. I came to the UK 6 years ago to work as a dentist in Liverpool. I share a house with four other Polish people. One of the men is a bricklayer and the other is an electrician. One of the women works in a hotel and the other in an architect’s office. I believe I made the right decision to come to the UK.
Use Figure 3 and your own knowledge to explain how economic factors can cause people to migrate.
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1 (b) (ii) Describe two ways in which migration within the EU can have positive effects on countries such as the UK.
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1 (c) Study Figures 4a, 4b and 4c on the insert. 1 (c) (i) What type of map is shown in Figures 4b and 4c?
Circle the correct answer.
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1 (c) (ii) Using Figures 4b and 4c, describe the link between annual population growth and the number of females who are illiterate (cannot read or write).
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Total for this question: 25 marks 2 Changing Urban Environments
2 (a) Study Figure 5, an isoline map of air pollution levels. The map was produced for a GCSE Controlled Assessment investigation on traffic pollution levels in Central London.
Figure 5
5
Key
Air pollution levels:
1 Units ofpollution
Isolines
Low........... 12
High
5
7
7
6
8
Little Portland Street
Great P
ortland St.
Regent S
treetR
egent Street
KIngly Street
Carnaby Street
Ram
illies Street
Poland Street
Foubert’s Place
Margaret StreetMargaret Street
Wigmore Street Cavendish Place
Holles S
treet
Oxford Street
Princes Street
Hanover Street
Maddox Stre
et
Brook Street
OxfordCircus
Oxford Street
Eastcastle Street
Wells
Street
Winsley Street
1012
0 250 500 m
N
10
2 (a) (i) Describe the pattern of air pollution shown in Figure 5.
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2 (a) (ii) Air pollution is one problem caused by high levels of road traffic in towns.
Describe one other problem caused by high levels of road traffic in towns.
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2 (b) Providing suitable housing (of the right quality/quantity) is a major issue in many urban areas.
Explain how the need to provide suitable housing is being met in one of the following urban areas.
CBD Inner city Suburbs
Circle the urban area chosen.
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2 (c) Study Figure 6 on the insert, showing information about Lagos, a city in Nigeria.
2 (c) (i) Use Figure 6 to describe how physical factors and human factors have caused a problem of water pollution in Lagos.
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2 (c) (ii) Describe how water pollution problems can be managed in a city such as Lagos in a poor part of the world.
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2 (d) (i) What is sustainable urban living?
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2 (d) (ii) Use a case study to describe the main features of sustainable urban living.
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Total for this question: 25 marks 3 Changing Rural Environments
3 (a) Study Figures 7a and 7b on the insert.
Figure 7a is a satellite image of part of the Amazon Basin.
Figure 7b shows the same area outlined on an atlas extract.
3 (a) (i) Which river forms the boundary between Bolivia and Brazil?
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3 (a) (ii) Using Figure 7b, describe the location of the main deforested area shown in Figure 7a.
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3 (a) (iii) Describe the effects of forestry and/or mining on the traditional farming of a tropical rural area.
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3 (b) Study Figure 8 which shows the amount of land farmed organically in the UK between 1995 and 2010.
Figure 8
1999 2001 200319950
100
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1997Year
Landfarmed
organically(thousandsof hectares)
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3 (b) (i) What is organic farming?
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3 (b) (ii) By how much did the amount of land farmed organically increase between 1997 and 2001?
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3 (b) (iii) Explain the advantages and disadvantages of organic farming.
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3 (c) (i) Explain two ways in which the government protects the environment in rural areas.
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3 (c) (ii) Study Figure 9 on the insert, showing some developments in rural areas.
Describe one or more government initiative(s) that support the economy of rural areas.
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End of Section A
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Section B
Answer one question from Section A and one question from Section B and one other question from either Section A or Section B.
Use case studies to support your answers where appropriate.
Total for this question: 25 marks 4 The Development Gap
4 (a) Study Figure 10 on the insert, showing information about Romania, a member of the EU.
4 (a) (i) Use Figure 10 and your own knowledge to explain how physical conditions may affect a country’s level of development.
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4 (a) (ii) Give two human factors which may explain why an EU country such as Romania is less developed than the UK.
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4 (a) (iii) Describe one EU policy that tries to reduce differences in levels of development within Europe.
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4 (b) (i) What is a Trading Group?
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4 (b) (ii) Outline one way in which Trading Groups can help poor countries get a better deal from world trade.
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4 (c) (i) Study Figure 11, a photograph of people building a sea dyke in Vietnam. Oxfam provided aid for this project.
Figure 11
Use Figure 11 and your own knowledge to show how international aid can encourage sustainable development.
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4 (c) (ii) Use a case study to describe the main features of one development project.
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Total for this question: 25 marks 5 Globalisation
5 (a) Give two reasons why the control of water supply is important.
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5 (b) Study Figure 12, a map of a water control scheme on the Rivers Tigris and Euphrates.
Figure 12
PersianGulf
Black Sea
MediterraneanSea
Turkey
Ataturk Dam
Iran
Iraq
Syria
Tabaqah Dam
River Tigris
River Euphrates
Dam
Rivers
Politicalboundary
Key
N
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Suggest two reasons why there is a possibility of conflict because of the development of this water control scheme in this part of the Middle East.
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5 (c) Explain why trying to increase the amount of food produced in the world may have environmental disadvantages.
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5 (d) Study Figure 13 which shows how the share of world manufacturing production changed between 1970 and 2010.
Figure 13
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1970Year
Rich world
Key
Poor world
East Asia(part of thepoor world)
Worldmanufacturing
production(%)
1990 2010
5 (d) (i) Describe the changes that have happened between 1970 and 2010.
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5 (d) (ii) Study Figure 14 which shows recent industrial growth in China.
Figure 14
Hwang Ho River
Yangtze River
Pearl River
Key
C H I N A
N0 500 km
Beijing
Xi’anNanjing
Chongqing
Shanghai
Hong Kong
Taiwan
Japan
SouthKorea
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8
9
3 21
XiamenSpecial economic zones Major economic growth regions Open cities
Main citiesChinese borderOther internationalborder
1Shantou2Shenzhen3Zhuhai4
South Coast6Taiwan Straits7Liaoning8Yangtze river valley9
Hainan Island5
Use Figure 14 and your own knowledge to explain the growth of industry in modern China.
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5 (e) Describe the features of a named TNC.
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Total for this question: 25 marks 6 Tourism
6 (a) (i) In 2009, 100 million tourists visited the ten most popular tourist cities.
Study Figure 15 which shows the percentage share of the ten most popular cities visited by tourists in 2009.
Figure 15
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70
ParisLondonBangkokSingaporeNew YorkHong KongIstanbul
DubaiShanghai
Rome
Key
What percentage of tourists visited London in 2009?
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6 (a) (ii) Outline why some cities attract many tourists.
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6 (b) Study on the insert EITHER Figure 16a, a photograph of a coastal resort, OR Figure 16b, a photograph of a location in a National Park.
Figures 17a and 17b are black and white copies of Figures 16a and 16b.
On EITHER Figure 17a OR Figure 17b, label one physical feature and one human feature tourists would visit the area to see.
Figure 17a
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6 (c) (i) Study Figure 18, the tourist area or resort life cycle model.
Figure 18
Rejuvenation
StabilisationDecline
Numberof visitors
ExplorationInvolvement
Development
Consolidation
Stagnation
Time
Give two features of the Development stage of the model.
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6 (c) (ii) For a tourist area in the UK you have studied, identify the stage reached in the tourist area or resort life cycle model. Give reason(s) for your answer.
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6 (d) Study Figure 19 on the insert, showing tourist arrivals to the islands of the Caribbean.
6 (d) (i) Describe the pattern of tourist arrivals in the Caribbean as shown in Figure 19.
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6 (d) (ii) Use a case study to explain why an area in the tropics attracts a large number of tourists.
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6 (e) Describe the negative economic effects of mass tourism.
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