406 mhz epirb false alerts study - noaa - search and … 08 attachments/epirb false alert... ·...
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406 MHz EPIRB False Alerts
Study
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L. T. Yabrough, USCG, D7(dpi)L. T. Yabrough, USCG, D7(dpi)
EPIRB False Alerts StudyStudy was research project by:
• Larry Yarbrough, CAPT, USCG (Ret)
USCG District 7 (dpi)
• Newton Anderson, USCG Auxiliary
• Greg JohnsonUSCG Sector Charleston
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L. T. Yabrough, USCG, D7(dpi)L. T. Yabrough, USCG, D7(dpi)
Why does US Coast Guard care about
EPIRB False Alerts?• 96% 406 MHz EPIRB Alerts are false• 85% Resolved by RCCs with
registration and good detective work• Projected increase in EPIRB
population will bring increase in number of false alerts
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L. T. Yabrough, USCG, D7(dpi)L. T. Yabrough, USCG, D7(dpi)
Why does US Coast Guard care about
EPIRB False Alerts?• $3.6 million in A/C time and fuel on
406 MHz EPIRB false alerts in 2007 • SAR crews put at risk• SAR assets less available for actual
distress• Fatigues and dulls the SAR system
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L. T. Yabrough, USCG, D7(dpi)L. T. Yabrough, USCG, D7(dpi)
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L. T. Yabrough, USCG, D7(dpi)L. T. Yabrough, USCG, D7(dpi)
EPIRB False Alerts Study
• Study data limited to:– US Registered 406 MHz EPIRBs – transmitting a 406 MHz False Alert– where secondary data collection was
accomplished, through RCC telephone interview of vessels owner or operator at the time of the alert
• Study Population came from all USMCC alerts passed to US Coast Guard RCCs
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L. T. Yabrough, USCG, D7(dpi)L. T. Yabrough, USCG, D7(dpi)
EPIRB False Alerts
• 1 May - 31 Dec 2007• USMCC received 1577 406 MHz
EPIRB alerts• 5% (83) were Distress Alerts • 1494 False Alerts (non-distress and
ceased/undetermined alerts)
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L. T. Yabrough, USCG, D7(dpi)L. T. Yabrough, USCG, D7(dpi)
EPIRB False Alerts
• 1494 False Alerts (non-distress and ceased/undetermined alerts)
• 15% - (232) Were False Alerts with enough data collected to develop evidence of circumstances causing alert transmission
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L. T. Yabrough, USCG, D7(dpi)L. T. Yabrough, USCG, D7(dpi)
How Long does aFalse Alerts Last?
105 36 20 12 9 2 48
45.3%60.8%
69.4% 74.6% 78.4% 79.3%
100.0%
020406080
100120
10 20 30 40 50 60 MoreAlert Duration (in minutes)
Num
ber o
f Ale
rts
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L. T. Yabrough, USCG, D7(dpi)L. T. Yabrough, USCG, D7(dpi)
EPIRB False Alerts
• 232 - False Alerts with enough data collected to develop evidence of circumstances causing alert transmission
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L. T. Yabrough, USCG, D7(dpi)L. T. Yabrough, USCG, D7(dpi)
Operator Induced False Alerts
• 10% (24) were attributed to Testing without following manufactures instructions, or other deliberate non-emergency activations
• 6% (13) were EPIRBs deliberately taken out of bracket and naked of any control of the wet sensor
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L. T. Yabrough, USCG, D7(dpi)L. T. Yabrough, USCG, D7(dpi)
False Alert and EPIRB in Bracket
95
35
154
26 22
Wet Bumped Knocked out Icing HeavyWeather
Washing
Ale
rts
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L. T. Yabrough, USCG, D7(dpi)L. T. Yabrough, USCG, D7(dpi)
EPIRB False Alerts69% (161) Caused by Failure of “The
bracket decoupling function” to control the EPIRB–Observed with Category I and II–Manufactures, makes and models
in the US registration data base were proportionally represented by False Alerts
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L. T. Yabrough, USCG, D7(dpi)L. T. Yabrough, USCG, D7(dpi)
EPIRB False Alerts
69% (161) Activated when bracket should have prevented activation
Failure of “The bracket decoupling function” to control the EPIRB
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L. T. Yabrough, USCG, D7(dpi)L. T. Yabrough, USCG, D7(dpi)
Bracket problems observed in field by Coast Guard personnel
• Loose straps or mechanical holding device
• Missing pads or guides to hold beacons in place
• Missing or corroded magnets
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L. T. Yabrough, USCG, D7(dpi)L. T. Yabrough, USCG, D7(dpi)
Bracket problems observed in field by Coast Guard personal
(continued)• Beacons being placed improperly in
brackets by users• Brackets not mounted in accordance
with manufactures recommendations
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L. T. Yabrough, USCG, D7(dpi)L. T. Yabrough, USCG, D7(dpi)
RTCM Standard 11000.2 2.3.1.1
“The satellite EPIRB should not be accidentally activated or deactivated by conditions normally encountered in the maritime environment.”
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L. T. Yabrough, USCG, D7(dpi)L. T. Yabrough, USCG, D7(dpi)
RTCM Standard 11000.2 2.3.1.2
“The bracket decoupling function willguard against false alarms should the water-activation mechanism malfunction to an “on” mode. It will also preventinadvertent activation due to the water activation mechanism becoming wet due to heavy seas or rain. … Both Category 1 and Category 2 satellite EPIRBs should have these features.”
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L. T. Yabrough, USCG, D7(dpi)L. T. Yabrough, USCG, D7(dpi)
EPIRB OperationalRequirements
Not be activated or deactivated by conditions encountered in maritime environment
69% Of False Alerts
Bracket Interface Failure
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L. T. Yabrough, USCG, D7(dpi)L. T. Yabrough, USCG, D7(dpi)
Bracket Decoupling Function
The current RTCM standard is adequate for describing the functional requirement for the design and construction of EPIRBs
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L. T. Yabrough, USCG, D7(dpi)L. T. Yabrough, USCG, D7(dpi)
Bracket Decoupling Function
The testing requirements in Appendix A need to be examined for adequacy for testing the Bracket Decoupling Function and Ergonomic design of an EPIRB
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L. T. Yabrough, USCG, D7(dpi)L. T. Yabrough, USCG, D7(dpi)
EPIRB as a SystemCurrent Shore Based Maintenance for
EPIRBs does not routinely examine the Bracket, (IMO MSC/Circ.1039)
Require or at least encourage the bracket to be included in an EPIRB service
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L. T. Yabrough, USCG, D7(dpi)L. T. Yabrough, USCG, D7(dpi)
EPIRB Testing
IMO MSC/Circ.1040, Guidelines on Annual Testing of 406 MHz Satellite EPIRBs, and manufacture’s self test guidelines should be reassessed for detection of bracket failure
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L. T. Yabrough, USCG, D7(dpi)L. T. Yabrough, USCG, D7(dpi)
Naked EPIRBs
Recreational mariners are buying EPIRBs and putting them in their “ditch bags” without brackets that provide protection for the wet activation circuit
Develop a design standard that incorporates the bracket decoupling function for this type of EPIRB user
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L. T. Yabrough, USCG, D7(dpi)L. T. Yabrough, USCG, D7(dpi)
Feedback
• Improve feedback mechanism to Beacon manufactures that provides as much detail as possible about:– exactly which Beacons have generated a
False Alert. And– circumstances surrounding the event. – Consider providing IHDB access, or a limited
and redacted version that excludes protected personal data.
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L. T. Yabrough, USCG, D7(dpi)L. T. Yabrough, USCG, D7(dpi)
False AlertsFalse Alerts are a drain on the health of
the EPIRB Distress Alerting SystemThere is no one cause of EPIRB False
Alerts, and there is no one fix for the problem However …
Several small corrective steps will make a positive difference in this problem
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L. T. Yabrough, USCG, D7(dpi)L. T. Yabrough, USCG, D7(dpi)
Questions?