4.1: the rise of american imperialism hawaii, cuba, the philippines, and latin america
TRANSCRIPT
4.1: The Rise of 4.1: The Rise of American American
ImperialismImperialismHawaii, Cuba, the Philippines, Hawaii, Cuba, the Philippines,
and Latin Americaand Latin America
Anti-Imperial Sentiment: Background
From the Civil War until the 1890s, most Americans had little interest in territorial expansion: Imperial rule seemed
inconsistent with America's republican principles.
The US did not welcome people with different cultures, languages, and religions.
European Imperialism
By the mid-1890s, a shift had taken place in American attitudes toward expansion. Why? Between 1870 and 1900, the European powers seized 10 million square miles of territory in Africa and Asia. About 150 million people were subjected to colonial rule.
Fear of Competition
In the United States, a growing number of policy makers, bankers, manufacturers, and trade unions grew fearful that the country might be closed out in the struggle for global markets and raw materials.
Belief in Darwinian Struggle A belief that the world's
nations were engaged in a Darwinian struggle for survival and that countries that failed to compete were doomed to decline also contributed to a new assertiveness on the part of the United States.
ImperialismDefinition:
Stronger nations take over weaker nations to become more powerful. Political, economical & social
control
It must be supported by the military
4 Causes of Imperialism (leave space between each)
Manifest Destiny Expanding Markets Spreading American Views Anglo-Saxon (white) Superiority
Manifest Destiny Expanding coast to coast Atlantic Ocean to the
Pacific Ocean We’ve accomplished
this – now what?
Tracing American Expansion Louisiana Purchase Florida Oregon Texas Mexican Cession Gadsden Purchase Alaska
Closing the American Closing the American FrontierFrontier
Closing the American Closing the American FrontierFrontier
Expanding Markets
The opportunity to buy & sell goods to new places We can make more money!!
Main reason the US becomes imperialistic
The 2nd Industrial Revolution contributed to this desire… Lots of new products are being made &
we need to sell them…
American Foreign Trade:
1870-1914
American Foreign Trade:
1870-1914
Commercial/Business Commercial/Business InterestsInterests
Commercial/Business Commercial/Business InterestsInterests
Spread American Views
Spreading American values & customs What’s this called when we force
others to give up their culture? Assimilation
White Man’s Burden It is the white man’s duty to civilize
other people
Examples: Assimilation Dawe’s Act
Anglo-Saxon Superiority
Belief that white people (Americans) were culturally superior
We believe we’re better than everyone else – especially non-whites!
Social Darwinist ThinkingSocial Darwinist Thinking Social Darwinist ThinkingSocial Darwinist Thinking
The White Man’sBurden
The White Man’sBurdenThe Hierarchy
of RaceThe Hierarchy
of Race
A Desire for Sea Power Alfred Thayer Mahan, a naval
strategist and the author of The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, argued that national prosperity and power depended on control of the world's sea-lanes. "Whoever rules the waves rules the world," Mahan wrote.
Military/Strategic InterestsMilitary/Strategic Interests Military/Strategic InterestsMilitary/Strategic Interests
Alfred T. Mahan The Influence of Sea Power on History: 1660-1783
Alfred T. Mahan The Influence of Sea Power on History: 1660-1783
The Influence of Sea Power Upon History
Author:
Topic:
4 Goals:
Alfred T. Mahan
Identifies 4 things the US needed to become imperialistic
1. Build a modern Navy
2. Gets islands in the Caribbean Sea
3. Gets islands in the Pacific Ocean
4. Build a canal through Latin America
(Panama Canal)
Acquisition of Alaska The exception to the rule was
Alaska. In 1867, Sec. of State William Steward arranged to buy Alaska from the Russians for $7.2 million. Rich in natural resources (timber, minerals, and oil), Alaska was a bargain at two cents per acre.
Spheres of Influence
Are of economic & political control exerted by one nation over other nations
One nation influences other nations
Ex: Monroe Doctrine: The USA has influence over N. & S. America (Western Hemisphere)
Colony
One country sets up & controls a settlement in another areaEconomic & political control
Ex: England established the American colonies in N. America
Protectorate
One country partially controls the affairs of another country
Ex: The USA’s relationship with Cuba
Commonwealth
Similar to a protectorate, but less restrictive
Ex: USA & Puerto Rico
Mercantilism
Economic theory that colonies exist to help make the mother country more self-sufficient Exporting (sell) more than importing
(buy)
Ex: The American colonies supplied the raw materials for England to make finished goods to sell to other countries