4.1.1 urban poverty, slums, remote sensing and gis 1 urban poverty mapping upa package 4, module 1
TRANSCRIPT
14.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS
URBAN POVERTY MAPPING
UPA Package 4, Module 1
24.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS
Urban Poverty Mapping
• Module 4.1 Urban Poverty and Data Sources • Module 4.2 Statistics• Module 4.3 Geographical Information Systems
Rationale and Objectives of Educational Package
”Urban Poverty Mapping”
34.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS
Urban Poverty Mapping
• Lessons (12)• Exercises (9) based on Netherlands and Enschede data• Exercises (3) based on Cebu data• Self study• Exam
44.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS
Urban Poverty, Remote Sensing and GIS
• Urban Poverty (package 1), Land (package 2) and • Settlement Improvement (package 3)• Slums, Poverty and Inequity• Remote Sensing, can you see the poor?• GIS and Urban Poverty Mapping
54.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS
Multi-dimensions of Poverty (Educational Package 1)
Urban Poverty
Monetary dimensions
Non-Monetary dimensions
Income
Consumption
Healthy and Nutrition Poverty
Education Poverty
Basic services and Living conditions
others e.g. empowerment
64.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS
90%of the population growth between 2000 and 2030 will take place in the cities of the developing world
0
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
3,000,000
3,500,000
4,000,000
4,500,000
5,000,000
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
2020
2030
Year
To
tal P
op
ula
tio
n (
tho
usa
nd
s)
urban
rural
Source: World Urbanization Prospects 2001
74.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS
Urban Growth
Urban Population in millions and (% of total population)
Region
1985 2000 2015 2030
Africa 160 (30) 295 (37) 489 (45) 748 (54)
Asia 836 (29) 1367 (37) 1770 (46) 2664 (55) Europe 496 (70) 529 (73) 537 (75) 545 (80) Latin America and the Caribbean
273 (68) 393 (76) 508 (81) 602 (85)
Northern America 201 (75) 250 (79) 304 (84) 354 (87) Oceania 17 (71) 23 (73) 27 (74) 31 (75) Total 1985 (41) 2857 (47) 3856 (54) 4945 (61)
84.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS
94.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS
Access to Land and Security of Tenure (Educational Package 2)
• Background of insecure tenure (poverty / invasions AND weak institutional/legal frameworks)
• Importance of (de-facto) security of tenure for settlement development
• Policies, programmes and (project) interventions
27 minutes video BBC World: Land Rites / Negative impact of forced evictions
104.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS
Security of Land Tenure
Security of tenure describes an agreement between an individual or group on land and residential property which is governed and regulated by a legal and administrative framework. The security derives from the fact that the right of access to and use of the land and property is underwritten by a known set of rules, and that this right is justifiable. The tenure can be effected in a variety of ways, depending on constitutional and legal frameworks, social norms, cultural values, and to some extent, individual preferences (UNCHS, 1999).
114.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS
Security of Land Tenure
Policy environment Household/individual experience/perceptions
Secure Insecure
Secure Both context and household secure: High security
Environment insecure, Household secure: Medium security
Insecure Household/individual insecure; environment secure: Medium security
Both insecure: High insecurity
124.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS
Land Management and Poverty Alleviation
• How the poor lose their place in the city
Urbanization, Informal developments, displacement, gentrification, resettlement
• How the poor regain their place in the city
Tenure improvement and settlement upgrading
134.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS
Slums, Poverty, Inequity
144.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS
The Urbanization of Poverty
154.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS
Cities without Slums; the Inclusive City
• A Dwelling is a Slum if one, or more, of these criteria are missing:
• Access to improved water and access to improved sanitation• Sufficient living area, not overcrowded• Structural quality / durability of dwellings• Security of Tenure
Land:Security of Tenure
Non – Hazardous Location
Sewage Water
Dwelling:
Permanent Structure
< 3 persons per room
164.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS
Slums of the World
174.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS
Slum Trend 1990 - 2001
184.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS
Cities: Places for the Rich and the Poor
194.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS
Remote Sensing, can you see the Poor?
Poverty Line and Living Conditions
Basic Needs Below Poverty Line Above Poverty Line
Unsatisfied Structural Poor Potential Non-Poor
Satisfied New Poor Non-Poor
204.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS
Remote Sensing, can you see the Poor?
Visible characteristics of slums• Dwelling size, building material, morphology, location,
density, dispersed or concentrated, others?
Are slum dwellers socio-economic homogenous?
Non-visible characteristics of poverty• New poor, hidden poverty
214.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS
Remote Sensing
• Ground photos / aerial photographs and satellite images
• Technical specifications (spatial resolution)
224.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS
Spatial Resolution
50km
meteosat
1km
NOAA
30m
TM
10m
SPOT
5
IRS
2
KVR
<1m
Ikonos
234.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS
Remote Sensing
Interpretation and Classification
Land Use Classes
Detailed / General
How to Identify/delineate
244.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS
GIS and Urban Poverty Mapping
• Geo-Visualizatio• Aggregation/dis-aggregation (Addis, Kebeles / Sub-cities)• Participatory Approach (Nakuru)• Poverty Mapping Methodologies (World Bank)• GIS = gluing (spatial) data producers, institutional
collaboration• Where are the poor? What can be done?