4/23/2019 university of wisconsin- green bay dietetic ... · egypt: 3500 bc using essential oils...

4/23/2019

Spring Research Review

University of Wisconsin- Green Bay Dietetic Intern

Jenna Tienor

https://uwgbresearchreviews.weebly.com

https://uwgbresearchreviews.weebly.com/

Trending topic

Interacted with a sales representative and

this intrigued me to further research this topic

Highly concentrated, natural

plant-based aromatic

Extracted from parts of the

plant

Flower

Leaf

Bark

What are Essential Oils? | AromaWeb. (n.d.). Retrieved from

https://www.aromaweb.com/articles/whatare.asp

Essential Oil Basics. (n.d.). Retrieved from

https://www.auracacia.com/community/essential-oil/understanding-the-basics

Axe, J. (2018, July 26). Essential Oils: 11 Main Benefits and 101 Uses. Retrieved from https://draxe.com/essential-oil-uses-benefits/



https://draxe.com/essential-oil-uses-benefits/

Egypt: 3500 BC

using essential oils for medicinal benefits,

beauty care, spiritual enhancement

China: 2700 BC

Uses herbs and aromatic plants for

medicine and healing

India: 2700 BC

Core element of Ayurvedic health care system, natural healing

system

1910 -1943

Using more for healing injured soldiers, treating

illnesses, improving cleanliness and

nutrition

980-1037 AD

Persian Physician (Avicenna)perfected the distillation process

of essential oils

Greece: 460 BC

Hippocrates, the Greek physician, used as

medicine and treatments

1950s

Marguerite Maury started diluting oils in a

carrier oil and massaging into skin

Since 1970s-80s

Essential oils and aromatherapy

becoming a major part in alternative and

holistic health systems

The history of essential oils and aromatherapy. (n.d.). Retrieved from

https://essentialoils.co.za/history-essential-oils.htm

HISTORY. (2016, August 03). Retrieved from

https://essentialoilsacademy.com/history/



How Essential Oils Are Made. (2017, November 29). Retrieved from

https://library.essentialwholesale.com/how-essential-oils-are-made/

Exploring Aromatherapy. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://naha.org/explore-aromatherapy/about-

aromatherapy/how-are-essential-oils-extracted

https://naha.org/explore-aromatherapy/about-aromatherapy/how-are-essential-oils-extracted

Aromatic

Quickly absorbed by the olfactory nerves

Apply to a cotton ball and inhale

Diffusers

Topical

Absorbed quickly

Carrier oil to increase absorption and to prevent skin

irritation

Apply to many areas of the body

Avoid ears, eyes, around eyes, broken skin

Internal

Dietary supplement

How Do I Use Essential Oils Safely? (2019, March 12). Retrieved

from https://www.doterra.com/US/en/using-essential-oils

Essential Oil Basics. (n.d.). Retrieved from


https://www.doterra.com/US/en/using-essential-oils


Scientific Name:

Eucalyptus globulus

Uses:

Respiratory infection, bronchitis, infectious disease, fever, muscular aches, pains,

arthritis, urinary infection

Therapeutic benefits:

For respiratory health and pain relief

Saftey information:

not meant for children under 10.

Eucalyptus

Eucalyptus Globulus Essential Oil Uses and Benefits | AromaWeb. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.aromaweb.com/essential-oils/eucalyptus-oil.asp

https://www.aromaweb.com/essential-oils/eucalyptus-oil.asp

Study 1

Jun, Y. S., Kang, P., Min, S. S., Lee, J., Kim, H., & Seol, G. H. (2013). Effect of Eucalyptus Oil Inhalation on

Pain and Inflammatory Responses after Total Knee Replacement: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Evidence-

Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013, 1-7. doi:10.1155/2013/502727

Jun YS, Kang P, Min SS, Lee J-M, Kim H-K, Seol GH. 2013

Study 1

Purpose: To determine whether

eucalyptus oil inhalation could

effectively reduce pain and

inflammatory responses in patients

who have undergone Total Knee

Replacement (TKR).

Design: Double Blind Study

Location: Korea University Medical

Center

52 participants


Effect of Eucalyptus Oil Inhalation on Pain and Inflammatory Responses

after Total Knee Replacement: A Randomized Clinical Trial




Study 1

Inclusion

• Prescribed pain medication

• No complications or other inflammatory disease after surgery

• Not being treated with any antidepressant, hormone or aroma therapy

• Did not smoke

• Pain score on a visual analog scale >4 before aroma inhalation

Exclusion

• None mentioned in the study

(n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.trialdatasolutions.com/tds/howto/vas.jsp

http://www.trialdatasolutions.com/tds/howto/vas.jsp




Study 1

Intervention

Analyzed composition of Eucalyptus oil

Contained 31 compounds, highest concentrations were:

1,8-Cineole, Limonene, p-Cymene, y-Terpinene, a-Pinene

Experimental Group

Eucalyptus oil placed on a gauze pad

Placed between nose and upper lip for 30 minutes

Completed 3 days starting on the third day after surgery

Control Group

Same as experimental group but used almond oil

Jun YS, Kang P, Min SS, Lee

J-M, Kim H-K, Seol GH. 2013

Study 1

-1.1 -1.2 -1.2

0.4 0.3 0.2

-2

-1

0

1

Day 1 Day 2 Day3

Dif

fere

nce

in V

AS

sco

re

Inhalation Day

VAS Pain

Experimental Control

0.3

-1.7

-0.6

2.1

1.50.8

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3

Dif

fere

nce

in H

R

Inhalation Day

Heart Rate


Significance * P<.05 *** P < .001

*********

Study 1

-0.8

-4.8

-2

0.4

3.3

1.9

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3

Dif

fere

nce

in s

BP

Inhalation Day

Systolic Blood Pressure


-0.4-0.8

0

1.1

3.7

2.6

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3

Dif

fere

nce

in d

BP

Inhalation Day

Diastolic Blood Pressure


*

*

Jun YS, Kang P, Min SS, Lee

J-M, Kim H-K, Seol GH. 2013 Significance * P<.05 *** P < .001




Study 1

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Pre 4th 7th

CP

R (

mg

/L)

Day after inhalation

CPR Concentrations

Control Experimental

6000

6200

6400

6600

6800

7000

7200

7400

7600

7800

8000

Pre 4th 7th

WB

C (

x1000/u

L)

Day after inhalation

WBC Counts

Control Experimental

No significance No significance




Study 1

That inhalation of Eucalyptus oil was effective in reducing patients subjective pain and blood pressure after surgery.

Double blind study

Measured multiple factors

Looked at composition of the Eucalyptus oil used

Pain is subjective

Small sample size

Conclusion

Strengths

Limitations

Rated this article: Positive

About LavenderScientific Name:

Lavandula angustifolia/ Lavandula officinalis

Uses:

Allergies, anxiety, asthma, bruises, depression,

headaches, hypertension, sprains, stress, calm stresses,

promote sleep

Parts of plant used:

leaves, flowers and buds

Floral, fresh, sweet, sometimes slightly fruity

Lavender

Lavender Essential Oil Uses and Benefits | AromaWeb. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.aromaweb.com/essential-oils/lavender-oil.asp

https://www.aromaweb.com/essential-oils/lavender-oil.asp

Salamati, A., Mashouf, S. and Mojab, F. (2017). Effect of Inhalation of Lavender Essential Oil

on Vital Signs in Open Heart Surgery ICU. [online] y School of Pharmacy Shaheed Beheshti

University of Medical Sciences and Health Services.

Study 2

Salamati, A., Mashouf, S. and Mojab, F. (2017).

Purpose: The change in vital

sign before and after

aromatherapy

Design: Single Blind Study

Location: Islamic Azad

University (Tehran Medical

Branch), Tehran, Iran

40 participants

Study 2


Effect of Inhalation of Lavender Essential Oil

on Vital Signs in Open Heart Surgery ICU



Inclusion

• Fully conscious

• No use of beta blockers

• Extubated

• No history of addiction to opioids

• No regular use of painkillers

Exclusion

• Hemorrhage

• Heart rate <60 beat/min and hypotension

• Receiving painkillers within 2 hours before intervention

• Lung problems

• Patients that needed medical intervention

Study 2



on Vital Signs in Open Heart Surgery ICUStudy 2


InterventionComponents of lavender oil include:

Linalool, linalyl acetate, a-pinene, limonene 1,8-cineole

Day of surgery, vitals signs were measured after being extubated

Placed cotton swab with lavender in oxygen mask

30 minutes later vitals signs were measured again


on Vital Signs in Open Heart Surgery ICU Study 2


Demographics

Men

Women

23 (57.5%)

17 (42.5%)

Age range

Average age

Majority

18-65 years old

50 years old

19 (47.5%) 50-59 years

Hypertension

Hyperlipidemia

Diabetes

15 (37.5%)

12 (30%)

8 (20%)

Experience of previous surgeries

Experience with aromatherapy

23 (57.5%)

4 (10%)



P value statistical significant <0.05

Study 2


Variables Systolic Blood

Pressure Average

Diastyle Blood

Pressure Average

Heart Rate Average

Before

Aromatherapy

123.7 73.43 93.12

After Aromatherapy 107.3 66.06 85.20

P-Value P < 0.001 P = 0.001 P = 0.03

Variables Respiratory Rate

Average

Sp02 Rate Average Central Venous

Pressure Average

Before

Aromatherapy

20.48 95.60 10.20

After Aromatherapy 20.32 94.99 10.48

P-Value P = 0.1 P = 0.5 P = 0.2


on Vital Signs in Open Heart Surgery ICU Study 2


Aromatherapy could effectively reduce blood pressure and heart rate in patients admitted to the open heart surgery ICU.

Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Obtained similar results to other research with lavender

Sample size

Lack of a control group

Recommended to use a larger sample size and randomized clinical trials

Conclusion

Strengths

Limitations

Rated this article: Positive

Scientific Name:

Mentha piperita

Uses:

Asthma, flu, headache, nausea, vertigo

Scientific Name:

Mentha spicata/ Mentha cardiaca

contains menthol, cooling sensation

Peppermint & Spearmint

Peppermint Essential Oil Uses and Benefits | AromaWeb. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.aromaweb.com/essential-oils/peppermint-oil.asp

Spearmint Essential Oil Uses and Benefits | AromaWeb. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.aromaweb.com/essential-oils/spearmint-oil.asp

https://www.aromaweb.com/essential-oils/peppermint-oil.asp

https://www.aromaweb.com/essential-oils/spearmint-oil.asp

Tayarani-Najaran, Z., Talasaz-Firoozi, E., Nasiri, R., Jalali, N. and Hassanzadeh, M.

(2013). Antiemetic activity of volatile oil from Mentha spicata and Mentha × piperita in

chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.

Study 3

Tayarani-Najaran, Z., Talasaz-Firoozi, E., Nasiri, R., Jalali, N. and Hassanzadeh, M. (2013)

Purpose: To determine the efficacy of Mentha Spicata and Mentha x Piperita in preventing chemotherapy- induced nausea and vomiting.

Design: Double Blind study

Location: Omid Chemotherapy Hospital of the Mashhad Medical University in Mashhad, Iran.

200 participants

Study 3


Antiemetic activity of volatile oil from Mentha spicata and Mentha × piperita

in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting



Study 3


Inclusion

• Any cancer

• About to receive chemotherapy as an outpatient

• Were chemotherapy naïve

Exclusion

• Patients experiencing nausea or vomiting from causes other than chemotherapy

• Were deemed physically incapable



Study 3


Analyzed composition of Peppermint and Spearmint oil

Highest concentrations were:

Peppermint: Carvone, cis-Dihydrocarvone, Pulegone, B-Caryophyllene, Limonene

Spearmint: Pulegone, a-Terpineol, Limonene, Isomenthone, Longifolene

Patients received their normal antiemetic regimen along with the

assigned capsule

Administration of capsules

Questionnaire to record emetic events and intensity of nausea

Intervention



Study 3


Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4

Nausea Absent (0) Mild (33.3) Moderate (66.6) Severe (100)

Vomiting Absent – 1 episode/24 hrs. </= 3 episodes/24 hrs. 3-5 episodes/24 hrs. >5 episodes/24 hrs.



Study 3


P value statistical significant <0.05

Control Placebo Peppermint Spearmint P - Value

Retching

episodes

3.0 +/- 1.3 7.2 +/- 2.3 2.4 +/- 2.4 3.8 +/- 1.2 <0.0001

Intensity of

nausea

52.8 +/- 20.7 14.6 +/-9.1 42.1 +/- 22.7 43.9 +/- 12.4 <0.0001

Vomiting

episodes

1.1 +/- 0.4 1.8 +/- 0.9 0.7 +/- 0.9 0.6 +/- 0.3 <0.0001



Study 3


Peppermint and spearmint essential oils are safe and effective for antiemetic treatment in patients, as well as being cost effective.

Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Double blind study (control, placebo, 2 experimental groups)

Results weren’t detailed

Small sample size

Conclusion

Strengths

Limitations

Rated this article: Neutral

Effect of Eucalyptus Oil Inhalation on Pain and Inflammatory Responses after Total Knee Replacement: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Study 1

• This study shows that Eucalyptus oil inhalation was effective in reducing patient’s subjective pain and blood pressure after surgery.

Effect of Inhalation of Lavender Essential Oil on Vital Signs in Open Heart Surgery ICU

Study 2

• Aromatherapy could effectively reduce blood pressure and heart rate in patients admitted to the open heart surgery ICU.

Antiemetic activity of volatile oil from Mentha spicata and Mentha ×piperita in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.

Study 3

• Peppermint and spearmint essential oils are safe and effective for antiemetic treatment in patients, as well as being cost effective.

Take home message for Dietitians

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-NDThis Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND

http://www.gbgindonesia.com/en/agriculture/article/2012/overview_of_indonesia_s_horticulture_sector_fruit_vegetables.php

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/

https://www.technologyforlife.org/articles/natural-therapies/10-essential-oils-help-fight-viruses-bacteria/

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/

References What are Essential Oils? | AromaWeb. (n.d.). Retrieved from


Essential Oil Basics. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.auracacia.com/community/essential-

oil/understanding-the-basics

Axe, J. (2018, July 26). Essential Oils: 11 Main Benefits and 101 Uses. Retrieved from


The history of essential oils and aromatherapy. (n.d.). Retrieved from


HISTORY. (2016, August 03). Retrieved from https://essentialoilsacademy.com/history/

How Essential Oils Are Made. (2017, November 29). Retrieved from


Exploring Aromatherapy. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://naha.org/explore-aromatherapy/about-

aromatherapy/how-are-essential-oils-extracted

How Do I Use Essential Oils Safely? (2019, March 12). Retrieved from


Essential Oil Basics. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.auracacia.com/community/essential-

oil/understanding-the-basics







https://naha.org/explore-aromatherapy/about-aromatherapy/how-are-essential-oils-extracted



References Eucalyptus Globulus Essential Oil Uses and Benefits | AromaWeb. (n.d.). Retrieved from


Lavender Essential Oil Uses and Benefits | AromaWeb. (n.d.). Retrieved from


Peppermint Essential Oil Uses and Benefits | AromaWeb. (n.d.). Retrieved from


Spearmint Essential Oil Uses and Benefits | AromaWeb. (n.d.). Retrieved from


Jun, Y. S., Kang, P., Min, S. S., Lee, J., Kim, H., & Seol, G. H. (2013). Effect of Eucalyptus Oil

Inhalation on Pain and Inflammatory Responses after Total Knee Replacement: A Randomized

Clinical Trial. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013, 1-7.

doi:10.1155/2013/502727

Salamati, A., Mashouf, S. and Mojab, F. (2017). Effect of Inhalation of Lavender Essential Oil on

Vital Signs in Open Heart Surgery ICU. [online] y School of Pharmacy Shaheed Beheshti University

of Medical Sciences and Health Services.

Tayarani-Najaran, Z., Talasaz-Firoozi, E., Nasiri, R., Jalali, N. and Hassanzadeh, M.

(2013). Antiemetic activity of volatile oil from Mentha spicata and Mentha × piperita in

chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.





Videos of the presentations will be

available at the same website in a week.

https://uwgbresearchreviews.weebly.com

https://uwgbresearchreviews.weebly.com/

4/23/2019 university of wisconsin- green bay dietetic ... · egypt: 3500 bc using essential oils...

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