42913848 learn brazilian portuguese

8/6/2019 42913848 Learn Brazilian Portuguese

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Brazilian Portuguese Tutorial

This tutorial is for Brazilian Portuguese, so if you can speak Portuguese from Portugal,

you may notice many differences, but don't worry! We can all understand each other. The

only difference is the accent and some words that will be listed soon. It's like the

difference between English spoken in England and English spoken in the USA.

1. Basic Phrases

Bom dia!Hello! / Good morning!

Boa tarde!Good afternoon!

Boa noite!Good evening! / Goodnight!

Oi/Ol! Tchau!

Hi! / Bye!

Adeus.

Good bye.

Por favor.

Please.

At mais.See you / See you later.

At logo.See you soon.

At amanh.See you tomorrow.

(Muito) Obrigado.Thank you (very much).

No h de qu.You're welcome. / Don'tmention it.

Bem-vindoWelcome

Desculpe-meI'm sorry

Com licena/ Perdo.Excuse me / Pardon

Vamos!Let's go!

Como o senhor est?How are you? (formal)feminine: a senhora

Como vai?How are you? (informal)

E a?How's it going? (Only inBrazil)

Bem / Muito bemWell / Very well

Mal / Muito mal / Mais oumenosBad / Very bad / More or less

Sim / NoYes / No

Como o senhor se chama?What is your name? (formal)

Qual o seu nome?What is your name?

(informal)

Me chamo...My name is...

Prazer em conhec-loNice to meet you.

Igualmente.Same here.

Senhor / Senhora /SenhoritaMister / Mrs. / Miss

De onde o senhor ?Where are you from? (formal)

De onde voc ?Where are you from?

Eu sou de...I'm from...


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(informal)

Quantos anos o senhortem?How old are you? (formal)

Quantos anos voc tem?How old are you? (informal)

Eu tenho _____ anos.I am _____ years old.

O senhor fala portugus?Do you speak Portuguese?(formal)

Voc fala ingls?Do you speak English?(informal)

(No) Falo...I (don't) speak...

Compreende? / Entende?Do you understand? (formal /informal)

(No) Compreendo. / (No)Entendo.I (don't) understand.

Eu (no) sei.yoh noh loh seh

I (don't) know.

Pode me ajudar?Can you help me?

Claro que simOf course

Como?What? Pardon me?

Onde est / Onde esto... ?Where is ... / Where are ... ?

AquiHere.

H / Havia...There is / are... / Therewas / were...

Como se diz ____ emportugus?How do you say ___ inPortuguese?

O que isto?What is that?

Qual o problema?What's the matter (withyou)?

No importa.

It doesn't matter.

O que aconteceu?

What's happening?

No tenho idia.

I have no idea.

Estou cansado / doente.I'm tired / sick.

Estou com fome / sde.I'm hungry / thirsty.

Estou com calor / frio.I'm hot / cold.

Estou chateado.I'm bored.

No me importa.I don't care.

No se preocupe.Don't worry

Tudo bem / 'T bom.That's alright.

Me esqueci.I forgot.

Tenho que ir agora.I must go now.

Sade!Bless you! Parabns!Congratulations! Boa sorte!Good luck!

a sua vez.It's your turn. (informal)

Cale-se! / Cala a boca!Shut up!

Eu te amo.I love you. (informal andsingular)


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Notice that Portuguese has informal and formal ways of saying things. This is becausethere is more than one meaning to "you" in Portuguese (as well as in many otherlanguages.) The informal you is used when talking to close friends, relatives, animals orchildren. The formal you is used when talking to someone who is older than you orsomeone for whom you would like to show respect (a professor, for example.) There are

also two ways to say you in the plural, used when speaking to more than one person.All the adjectives in Portuguese have masculine and feminine forms, as we'll see later.

2. Pronunciation

PortugueseLetter

English Sound

a like a in after

e like e in empty or if it's at the end of a word, like ee in cheesei always like ee

o like the sound of all but without the l sound

u always like oo in fool

lh like lli in million but shorter h silent

nh like ny in canyon

r in beginning of word like h in hot. Between two letters like the Italian r in Maria

rr always like h in hot

d like in Englishj like in English but without the d sound. Something like zh or a hard sh

g before e and i like j. Otherwise like g in go

gue, gui the g in go followed by e or i

qua, quo are always pronounced separately, like kwa, kwo

sbetween vowels, like z in zoo; otherwise like z. (In Portugal, like sh when at theend of a word.

x sometimes like sh in shift or like z in zoo

like ss

z like z in English (In Portugal, like zh when at the end of a word.) like oe in does like but shorter

like a in Artic

like e but shorter

like a in apple

like i but longer


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like o but shorter

like o in more

like u but longer

ch like sh in shift

e like "oen"

3. Alphabet

a a j jota t t

b b l le u u

c c m me v v

d d n ne x xis

e o o z z

f fe p p Foreign letters

g g q qu k k

h ag r rre w dbliu

i i s sse y psolon

Note: The letter (c cedilha) is not part of the alphabet.

Spelling changes as of January 2009:

- The letters K, W and Y are now oficially part of the alphabet;Note: It wasn't oficial.- The deletion of diaeresis (trema: '') in words with gue, gui, que and qui, as: aguentar,arguir, cinquenta, tranquilo, etc;Note: I said that last time, remember? :P- The deletion of differencial acent in the words "pra/para", "pla/pela", "plo/pelo","plo/polo" and "pra/pera" is gone also, but it stands unchanged in the verbs "pr","poder" and others whose use the accent as way to difference from singular and plural

(i.e.: tem/tm);Note: This change was little, but can confuse even native speakers, since, some weeksback then, I had to argue with a friend if the verb "ter" still have its accent in the pluralforms. And yes, it still has. ;)- The deletion acute accent in open diphthongs i and i from paroxytones (i.e.: alcaloide,apoia, boia, colmeia);Note: This change was very drastic, and it's very hard to live with it.


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- The deletion of acute accent on stressed i and u after diphthongs in paroxytone words(i.e.: feiura);Note: This change was also not that hard to live with.

- The deletion of circumflex accent on words with em and o(s) endings (i.e.: leem, voo,enjoo);Note: This one is as very annoying, also. :(- The deletion of hyphen in compound words which second element begins with S orR,whose shall be doubled (i.e.: antirracismo, antissocial), and in cases where there arevowels in both the first element's ending and the second element's beginning (i.e.:antiareo, autoestrada).

4. Definite and Indefinite Articles and Demonstratives

Masc.Singular

Fem.Singular

Masc.Plural

Fem.Plural

the o a the os as

a, an um uma some uns umas

this este esta these estes estas

that esse essa those esses essas

that aquele aquela those aqueles aquelas

Note: The way to say That:

1. you use esse when you see something that is not with you but it's near2. you use aquele when you see something that is far from you or that is not near

you at that moment.

5. Subject Pronouns

eu I ns wetu

you (not used in popularspeech)

vsplural of tu (also not used inpopular speech)

ele / ela/voc

he / she /you (informal)

eles /elas /vocs

they / they /you (plural informal)


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Note: As tu and vs are not used nowadays, I will not use them to explain the declensionsof the verbs. We use the word voc for the same meaning if you're talking to someonefrom your family or friends. If you're talking to someone you don't know, you must use"o senhor" or "a senhora" (Mr or Mrs.). The word tu is only used in the region South ofBrazil, where they normally don't use voc.

In Portugal, o senhor and a senhora are very formal ways to sayyou. Voc is consideredsemiformal and tu is considered informal.

6. To Be and to Have

ser - to be estar - to be ter - to have

eu sou ns somos eu estou ns estamos eu tenho ns temos

ele/ela/voc

eles/elas/ soesto

ele/ela/ estvoc

eles/elas/ estovocs

ele/ela/ temvoc

eles/elas/ tmvocs

In Portugal, the tu form of ser is s, the tu form of estar is ests, and the tu form of teneris tens.

Note: Ser is used to say when you are something, and Estar is used to say when you arein somewhere. Examples:

Eu sou o novo aluno. I am the new student

Eu estou no meu novo carro. I am in my new car

Common Expressions with "to be"to be afraid - ter medoto be against - estar contrato be at fault - ter culpato be careful - ter cuidadoto be cold - estar com frioto be curious - ser curioso (a)to be happy - estar contente

to be hot - estar com calorto be hungry - estar com fometo be in a hurry - ter pressa, estar com pressato be jealous - ter cimesto be lucky - ter sorteto be patient - ser pacienteto be successful - ter sucesso


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to be thirsty - estar com sdeto be tired - estar cansado (a)

7. Question Words

what o que* which qual (quais)

who quem how much quanto (-a) (-s)

how como how many quanto (-a) (-s)

when quando whom a quem

where onde whose de quem

why por que*

Note: the word que always receives the circumflex when itss placed in the end of asentence. For example: Voc est procurando o qu? Youre looking for what? Ele

acha isso por qu? (Why) does he think so?

8. Numbers / Ordinals

0 zero1 um first primeiro

2 dois second segundo

3 trs third terceiro

4 quatro fourth quarto5 cinco fifth quinto

6 seis sixth sexto

7 sete seventh stimo

8 oito eighth oitavo

9 nove ninth nono

10 dez tenth dcimo

11 onze eleventh dcimo primeiro/undcimo

12 doze twelfth dcimo segundo/duodcimo

13 treze thirteenth dcimo terceiro14 catorze/quatorze fourteenth dcimo quarto

15 quinze fifteenth dcimo quinto

16 dezesseis sixteenth dcimo sexto

17 dezessete seventeenth dcimo stimo

18 dezoito eighteenth dcimo oitavo


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19 dezenove nineteenth dcimo nono

20 vinte twentieth vigsimo

21 vinte e um twenty-first vigsimo primeiro

22 vinte e dois twenty-second vigsimo segundo

30 trinta thirtieth trigsimo40 quarenta fortieth quadragsimo

50 cinqenta / cincoenta fiftieth qinquagsimo

60 sessenta sixtieth sexagsimo

70 setenta seventieth septuagsimo

80 oitenta eightieth octogsimo

90 noventa ninetieth nonagsimo

100 cem/cento hundredth centsimo

1000 mil thousandth milsimo

Note: If you are just saying 100, you use just cem. If it's over 100, you use cento. So 101is cento e um. And 156 would be cento e cinqenta e seis. The words for 16, 17, 18 and19 are pronounced like dzesseis, dzessete, dzoito and dzenove respectively. The onlynumbers that have a feminine form are 1 (um/uma) and 2 (dois/duas). All other numbersare masculine.

9. Days of the Week

Monday segunda-feira

Tuesday tera-feiraWednesday quarta-feira

Thursday quinta-feira

Friday sexta-feira

Saturday sbado

Sunday domingo

the day o dia

the week a semana

the weekend o fim de semanatoday hoje

tomorrow amanh

Note: the days from Monday to Friday have this name because they were calledaccording to the fair (feira) that used to take place in that day a long time ago. A "Feira"

is a set of tents pitched in the street where you can buy vegetables, fruits, and other foods.


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10. Months of the Year

January janeiro

February fevereiro

March maro

April abril

May maio

June junho

July julho

August agosto

September setembro

October outubro

November novembroDecember dezembro

the month o ms

the first of [a month] primeiro de [month]

the year o ano

Note: To say the day of a month, you don't use the ordinal form of the number, like inEnglish. You use the real name of the number. Ex: 16/04/2005 - Dezesseis de abril dedois mil e cinco

11. Seasons

spring primavera autumn outono

summer vero winter inverno

Note: To say in the summer, spring, etc. use na orno and the season. No vero meansin the summer.

12. Directions

north norte east leste

south sul west oeste

northeast nordeste northwest noroeste

southeast sudeste southwest sudoeste


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13. Colors

red vermelho violet violeta

pink rosa brown marrom

orange laranja dark brown marrom escuro

yellow amarelo black preto

green verde gray cinza

blue azul white branco

light blue azul claro gold dourado

purple roxo [rosho] silver prateado

14. Time

Que horas so? What time is it?

uma hora. It's one.

So duas, trs, quatro... horas It's two/three/four...

meio dia. It's noon.

meio dia e meia* It's half past noon.

meia noite. It's midnight.

So cinco e cinco. It's 5:05

So oito e quinze. It's 8:15

So quinze para as dez. It's 9:45

So dez para as nove. It's 8:50

So vinte e cinco para as seis It's 5:35

So trs e meia. It's 3:30

Note: you say meio dia e meia because its midday and a half hour (that is feminine).Dont say meio dia e meio, though many people used to say this.

15. Weather

Como est o tempo hoje? How's the weather today?

Est bonito. The weather's beautiful (nice).

Est feio. The weather's ugly (bad).

Est frio. It's cold.

Est quente. It's hot.

Est ensolarado. It's sunny.


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Est ventando. It's windy.

Est chovendo. It's raining.

Est nevando. It's snowing.

Est nublado. It's cloudy.

16. Prepositions

a at ao lado de beside

com with ao redor de around

contra against perto de near

de of, from longe de far from

em in, on em frente a in front of

entre between, among em baixo de below, under

cerca de towards, about em frente de oppositepara for, in order, by atrs de behind

por for, through, along, via em cima de above

sobre on, over at till, until

sem without desde from, since

Note: The word after the preposition em and de sometimes needs to have the article, soyou combine the two words. Examples:

em + o = no - em + a = na - em + um = num - em + uma = numade + o = do - de + a = da - de + um = dum - de + uma = duma

a + o = ao - a + a =

Estou no escritrio. I'm in the office.

Ficamos numa fazenda. We stayed at a farm.

17. Family and Animals

family famlia grandfather av dog cachorro/co

parents pais grandmother av cat gato

husband marido/esposo grandson neto bird pssaro

wife esposa/mulher granddaughter neta fish peixe

father pai uncle tio horse cavalo


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mother me aunt tia goat cabra

son filho nephew sobrinho pig porco

daughter filha niece sobrinha cow vaca

children filhos cousin (m) primo rabbit coelho

sister irm cousin (f) prima turtle tartarugabrother irmo relatives parentes mouse rato

18. To Know People and Facts

conhecer - to know people, places saber - to know facts

eu conheo ns conhecemos eu sei ns sabemos

ele/ela/vocconhece

eles/elas/vocsconhecem

ele/ela/vocsabe

eles/elas/vocssabem

Conhecer means to be acquainted/familiar with someone or something, and it cannot beused with abstract things or ideas. Saber is to know facts, even if those facts involvepeople or things.

Eu sei quem esta pessoa. I know who is this person.Eu sei qual esta cidade. I know which city is this one.Eu conheo esta pessoa. I know this person.Eu conheo esta cidade. I know this city.

19. Formation of Plural

words that end in -l words that end in -owords thatend in -s or

-z

all otherwords

drop the l and put -is if theword does not have an i

before the l. If it has an eyou change it to to make

the same sound.

it has no rule. Sometimes youchange it to -es or -es, or just add

-s, depending on the word. Youbetter memorize the plural when

you learn the word.

have noplural form.

just add an-s.

pastel (pastry) - pastis

corao (heart) - coraes

mo (hand) - mos

co (dog) - ces

nibus

(bus)

culos(glasses)

arroz (rice)

pra (pear) -pras

ma(apple) -mas

guaran(soda) -guarans


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20. Possessive Adjectives

Singular Plural

Masc Fem Masc Fem

my meu minha meus minhas

your teu tua teus tuasyour/his/her/its seu sua seus suas

our nosso nossa nossos nossas

your seu sua seus suas

your/their dele dela deles delas

The possessive adjectives agree in gender and number with the noun that they describe.

21. To Do or Make

fazer - to do or make

eu fao ns fazemos

ele/ela/voc faz eles/elas/vocs fazem

22. Work and School

doctordentist

lawyerprofessorteacherengineerarchitectwriterjournalistmusicianpainterpharmacistbanker

carpenterbarbermechanicsalesmanelectricianpostmanpolicemansoldier

mdicodentista

advogadoprofessorprofessorengenheiroarquitetoescritorjornalistamsicopintorfarmacuticobancrio

carpinteirobarbeiromecnicovendedoreletricistacarteiropolicialsoldado

historymath

algebrageometrysciencephysicschemistryzoologybotanygeographymusicartdrawing

paintinglinguisticslanguages

histriamatemtica

lgebrageometriacinciafsicaqumicazoologiabotnicageografiamsicaartedesenho

pinturalingsticalnguas / idiomas


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pilotsecretarytypistnurse

pilotosecretriadigitadorenfermeira

23. Countries and Nationalities

Country Masculine (Feminine) Nationality

Germany Alemanha alemo (alem)

Argentina Argentina argentino(a)

Australia Austrlia australiano(a)

Bolivia Bolvia boliviano(a)

Canada Canad canadense

Columbia Colmbia colombiano(a)

Costa Rica Costa Rica costarriquenho(a)

Cuba Cuba cubano(a)

Chile Chile chileno(a)

China China chins(a)

Denmark Dinamarca dinamarqus / dinamarquesa

Ecuador Equador equatoriano(a)

Egypt Egito egpcio(a)

Spain Espanha espanhol(a)

United States Estados Unidos (norte) americano(a)France Frana francs(a)

India ndia indiano(a)

England Inglaterra ingls (inglesa) / britnico (a)

Italy Itlia italiano(a)

Japan Japo japons (japonesa)

Mexico Mxico mexicano(a)

Norway Noruega noruegus(a) / norueguesa

Poland Polnia polaco(a) / polons (polonesa)

Portugal Portugal portugus / portuguesa

Russia Rssia russo(a)

South Africa frica do Sul (sul-)africano(a)

Sweden Sucia sueco(a)

24. To / In and From


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to a

from de

in em

Remember to use the prepositional contractions when a noun with an article follows thepreposition.

25. To Come and to Go

vir - to come ir - to go

eu venho ns vimos eu vou ns vamos

ele/ela/voc vem eles/elas/vocs vm ele/ela/voc vai eles/elas/vocs vo

26. Misc. Words

a lot muito always sempre

very much muitssimo everyday todos os dias

a little pouco now agora

very little pouqussimo usually usualmente

sometimes s vezes there a

well bem over there ali

after depois too bad muito mal

poorly mal

27. Conjugating Regular Verbs

Verbs in Portuguese end in -ar, -er or -ir. Before a verb is conjugated, it is called theinfinitive. Removing the last two letters gives you the stem of the verb (cantar is to sing,cant- is the stem.) To conjugate regular verbs in the present tense, add these endings tothe stems:

-ar -er -ir

o amos o emos o imosa am e em e em

Remember that verbs do not require the subject pronouns, so just canto means I sing.Here are some more regular verbs:

-ar verbs -er verbs -ir verbs


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danar to dance aprender to learn convir to convey

desejar to desire comer to eat partir to leave

escutar to listen correr to run imprimir to print

estudar to study ler to read

falar to speak vender to sellpraticar to practice beber to drink

tomar to take compreender to understand

viajar to travel

To make sentences negative, simply put no in front of the verb.

28. Reflexive Verbs

The subject and the object are the same with reflexive verbs - the subject acts upon itself.A reflexive verb in Portuguese will be marked with -se attached to the end of the

infinitive. These verbs are conjugated like regular verbs, except the reflexive pronounagrees with case and gender and precedes the verb when not used in the infinitive form.Reciprocal verbs are the same as reflexive except the action passes from one person to

another. It can only be used in the first and third person plural forms. Reflexive verbssometimes use the "-self" forms in English, while the reciprocal verbs use "each other."

Reflexive Pronouns

mese nosse

Some common reflexive verbs:

deitar-se - to go to bedbanhar-se - to bathe oneselfcasar-se - to get marrieddespedir-se - to farewelllevantar-se - to risesentar-se - to sit down

vestir-se - to dress oneselfatrever-se - to darequeixar-se - to complain

29. Object Pronouns


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The object pronouns are used when you're talking about someone or something that is notthe subject of an action, and are placed together with the verb. If -lo/-la/-los/-las comeafter a verb in the infinitive, you take off the -r of the verb, and put an acute accent ().

Object Pronouns

me-lo / -la / -lhe

nos-los / -las / -lhes

Ex:

Vou dizer-lhe a verdade. I will tell you the truth

Vou apresent-lo (inf: apresentar) a voc. I will introduce him to you

In everyday speech you can put the object pronoun in front of the verb, but it's wrong towrite it this way. Examples:

Me diga se estou certo. Tell me if I'm right

Diga-me se estou certo. Tell me if I'm right

30. Irregular Verbs

For the irregular verbs, you better learn by heart when you learn them. There's no rule orpattern to follow, but don't be nervous, they are fewer in number than the regular verbs.

dizer (to say) ir (to go) pedir (to ask)eu digoele/ela/vocdiz

ns dizemoseles/elas/vocsdizem

eu vouele/ela/vocvai

ns vamoseles/elas/vocsvo

eu peoele/ela/vocpede

ns pedimoseles/elas/vocspedem

31. Impersonal "se"

It shows that an action is made by an indefinite person. It's common, but not simple. Youcan use other resources to make the same sentence. See the difference below:

Aqui se faz, aqui se paga. Here it's done, here it's paid (Brazilian proverb).

O que feito aqui, pago aqui. What is done here, is paid here.

Faz-se necessria a mudana. The change is made necessary.

Precisamos mudar isso. We need to change it.


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Quando se saber? When will it be known?

Quando saberemos? When will we know?

32. Pretrito Perfeito

The pretrito perfeito tense expresses an action in the past. It is used to describe eventsthat are finished or complete. It is formed by adding these endings to the infinitive stem.

-ar verbs -er verbs -ir verbs

-ei-ou

-amos-aram

-i-eu

-emos-eram

-i-iu

-imos-iram

Vivi em Portugal por dois anos. I lived in Portugal for two years.Eles falaram com as crianas. They spoke with the children.

Quem comeu o bolo de chocolate? Who ate the chocolate cake?

33. Pretrito Imperfeito

The pretrito imperfeito tense expresses an action that used to happen but not anymore.

-ar verbs -er and -ir verbs

-ava-ava

-vamos-avam

-ia-ia

-amos-iam

Vivia em Portugal dois anos. I used to live in Portugal for two years.Eles falavam com as crianas. They used to speak with the children.Quem comia bolo de chocolate? Who used to eat chocolate cake?

34. Futuro do Pretrito

The futuro do pretrito tense is the conditional tense.

-ar -er and -ir verbs

-ria-ria

-ramos-riam

Eu a amaria. I would love her.Vocs comeriam o tomate? Would you eat the tomato?Ns partiramos mais cedo. We would leave earlier.


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35. Futuro do Presente

The futuro do presente is the simple future.

-ar -er and -ir verbs

-rei-r

-remos-ro

Ela far a lio. She will make the lesson.Vocs dirigiro at sua casa? Will you drive to your house (or home)?Ns deixaremos ele ir. We will let him go.

Note: In everyday speech, the future tense is not used. Instead, in Brazil we use the formir (to go) + infinitive of the verb. See the difference below:

Ela vai fazer a lio. She will make the lesson.

Vocs vo dirigir at sua casa? Will you drive to your house (or home)?Ns vamos deixar ele (or deix-lo) ir. We will let him go.

36. Food and Meals

breakfastlunchsupperdinnermealfoodbreadrollbuttermeatfishvegetablesfruitcheesecrackerscandy

sandwichice cream

caf da manh / desjejumalmooceiajantarrefeiocomidapopo francs (or mdia)manteigacarnepeixevegetais (verduras / legumes*)frutaqueijobolachadoce

sanduchesorvete

tableclothnapkinforkknifespoonplate, dishglasscupsaltsaltshakerpepperpepper shakersugarsugar bowlvinegarcoffeepot

teapottray

toalha de mesaguardanapogarfofacacolherpratocopotaasalsaleiropimentapimenteiroacaraucareirovinagrecafeteira

bulebandeja

Note: verduras are all kind of leaves (like lettuce) and legumes are all other vegetables(like tomato, potato, etc.)


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37. Gostar

In Portuguese, one who likes literally likes ofsomething, so you need to use thepreposition de (and the appropriate definite article if needed) after the verb gostar. Gostar

plus a noun means to like something. Literally, it means to please and takes an indirect

object, so the construction of the sentence will be different than that of English.

Eu gosto de I like Ns gostamos de we like

Ele/ela/voc gosta de he/she/you like Eles/elas/vocs gostam de they/you like

Eu gosto de flores. I like flowers. (Note: If you like specific flowers, you say: Eu gostodas flores or Eu gosto destas flores)Eu gosto da casa. We like the house.No gosto (disso). I don't like it.Voc gosta (disso)? Do you like it?

38. Fruits, Vegetables and Meats

apple ma lettuce alface ham presunto

orange laranja cabbage couve bacon bacon / toucinho

banana banana cauliflower couve-flor chicken frango

grapefruit toranja aspargus aspargo turkey peru

lemon limo spinach espinafre lobster lagostapeach pssego tomato tomate water gua

fig figo bean feijo soda refrigerantegrape uva rice arroz wine vinho

pear pra carrot cenoura pork porco

plum amora turnip nabo pancake panquecacherry cereja onion cebola corn milho

pineapple abacaxi cucumber pepino sauce molho

melon melo artichoke alcachofra pasta macarro

watermelon melancia eggplant berinjela* beet beterraba

strawberry morango radish rabanete egg ovo

raspberry framboesa broccoli brcolis cake boloblackberry jaboticaba pepper pimenta pie torta

beef bife garlic alho ice cream sorvete

sausage salsicha potato batata passion fruit maracuj

Note: Eggplant is beringela in Portugal.


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39. To Drink

beber - to drink tomar - to drink

bebobebe

bebemosbebem

tomotoma

tomamostomam

When you use beber, it usually refers to alcohol, but there's no problem if you specify thedrink after the verb. You can also say tomar o desjejum - to have the breakfast, butnever say tomar o almoo ortomar o jantar. For this purpose we have the verbs

almoar - to have lunch andjantar - to have dinner.

40. Commands

To form the imperative forms, you put these endings after the stem.

-ar -er or -ir

ele/ela/voc -e -a

eles/elas/vocs -em -am

Fale! = Speak!Coma! = Eat!

No coma! = Don't eat!

Ir and ser have irregular forms as formal commands: v and vo for ir and seja andsejam for ser.

41. More Negatives

To make sentences negative, you place no before the verb. Other negatives may precedeor follow the verb, but if they follow, they must follow a negative verb (a doublenegative). The word order is no + verb + negative. Example: Ele no gosta de nada! Hedoesnt like anything!

nadaningumnenhum(a)tampouconemnem...nemnem sequernunca, jamais

nothing, (not) anythingnobody, (not) anybodyno, noneneither, eithernorneither... nornot evennever, ever


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Nunca means ever when it follows a comparative; jamais means ever when it follows anaffirmative verb.

42. Holiday Phrases

Feliz Natal Merry ChristmasFeliz Ano Novo Happy New YearFeliz Pscoa Happy Easter

Feliz Aniversrio Happy Birthday

Brazilian National Anthem

by Osrio Duque Estrada

Ouviram do Ipiranga s margensplcidasDe um povo herico o bradoretumbanteE o sol da liberdade em raios flgidosBrilhou no cu da ptria nesseinstanteSe o penhor desta igualdadeConseguimos conquistar com braosfortesEm teu seio, liberdade

Desafia o nosso peito prpria morte ptria amada, idolatrada, salvesalve!Brasil, de um sonho intenso um raiovvidoDe amor e de esperana terra desceSe em teu formoso cu risonho elmpidoA imagem do Cruzeiro resplandeceGigante pela prpria naturezas belo, s forte, impvido colosso

Se em teu futuro espelha essagrandeza ptria amadaEntre outras mil s tu Brasil, ptriaamadaDos filhos deste solo s me gentilPtria amada, Brasil!

It was heard from the calm borders of the Ipiranga(river)The loud scream from a heroic peopleAnd the sun of liberty in light raysShone in the sky of the land in that instantIf the gift of the equalityWith strong arms we could conquerIn thy breast, oh libertyChallenges our breast to our own deathO beloved land, worshiped, save save!Brazil, a living ray of an intense dream

Of love and hope comes down to the earthIf in thy beautiful and clear skyThe image of the Cruzeiro (group of stars) appearsGiant for its own natureThou art beautiful, strong and hugeIf in thy future is shown this grandiosityO beloved landAmong other thousand, thou art BrazilThou art kind mother of the children of this landO beloved land Brazil!

Lying forever in a rich cradleHearing the sound of the sea and seeing the deepblue of thy skyThou art blessed o Brazil, flower of AmericaAnd lighten by the sun of the new worldOur land has more fruitsThy fields has more flowersOur forests has more lives


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Deitado eternamente em beroesplndidoAo som do mar e luz do cuprofundoFulguras, Brasil, floro da Amrica

Iluminado ao sol do novo mundoDo que a terra, mais garrida!Teus risonhos lindos campos tmmais floresNossos bosques tm mais vida!Nossa vida em teu seio mais amores ptria amada, idolatrada, salvesalve!Brasil, de um sonho eterno sejasmboloO lbaro que ostentas estrelado

E diga ao verde-louro desta flmulaPaz no futuro e glria no passadoMas se ergues da justia a clava forteVers que um filho teu no foge lutaNem teme quem te adora a prpriamorteTerra adoradaEntre outras mil s tu Brasil, ptriaamadaDos filhos deste solo s me gentil

Ptria amada, Brasil!

Our lives in thy breast have more loveO beloved land, worshiped, save save!Brazil, be the symbol of a great dreamThe starful flag that thou hangstAnd tell to the deep green of this flagPeace in the future and glory in the pastBut if thou rises the clave of justiceYou'll see that no child of yours leaves the battleAnd who loves you has no fear even death

Beloved land!Among other thousand, thou art BrazilThou art kind mother of the children of this landO beloved land Brazil!

Portuguese National Anthem

Heris do mar, nobre povo,Nao valente, e imortal,Levantai hoje de novoO esplendor de Portugal!Entre as brumas da memria, Ptria sente-se a vozDos teus egrgios avs,

Que h-de guiar-te vitria!

s armas, s armas!Sobre a terra, sobre o mar,s armas, s armas!Pela Ptria lutarContra os canhes marchar, marchar!


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Desfralda a invicta Bandeira, luz viva do teu cu!Brade a Europa terra inteira:Portugal no pereceuBeija o solo teu jucundo

O Oceano, a rugir d'amor,E teu brao vencedorDeu mundos novos ao Mundo!


Saudai o Sol que desponta

Sobre um ridente porvir,Seja o eco de uma afrontaO sinal do ressurgir.Raios dessa aurora forteSo como beijos de me,Que nos guardam, nos sustm,Contra as injrias da sorte.


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