StuffedNurse : PSYCHIATRIC EXAM PRACTICE TEST [ 2569 Views ] Posted by : admin 1. The nurse is caring for a client who experiences false sensory perceptions with no basis in reality. These perceptions are known as: a. delusions. b. hallucinations. c. loose associations. d. neologisms. RATIONALE: Hallucinations are visual, auditory, gustatory, tactile, or olfactory perceptions that have no basis in reality. Delusions are false beliefs, rather than perceptions, that the client accepts as real. Loose associations are rapid shifts among unrelated ideas. Neologisms are bizarre words that have meaning only to the client. 2. The nurse is caring for a client who is suicidal. When accompanying the client to the bathroom, the nurse should: a. give him privacy in the bathroom. b. allow him to shave. c. open the window and allow him to get some fresh air. d. observe him. RATIONALE: The nurse has a responsibility to observe continuously the acutely suicidal client not provide privacy. The nurse should watch for clues, such as communicating suicidal thoughts, threats, and messages; hoarding medications; and talking about death. By accompanying the client to the bathroom, the nurse will naturally prevent hanging or other injury. The nurse will check the client's area and fix dangerous conditions, such as exposed pipes and windows without safety glass. The nurse will also remove potentially dangerous objects, such as belts, razors, suspenders, glass, and knives. 3. The nurse is developing a care plan for a client with anorexia nervosa. Which action should the nurse include in the plan? a. Restrict visits with the family until the client begins to eat. b. Provide privacy during meals. c. Set up a strict eating plan for the client. d. Encourage the client to exercise, which will reduce her anxiety. RATIONALE: Establishing a consistent eating plan and monitoring the client's weight are important for this disorder. The family should be included in the client's care. The client should be monitored during meals not given privacy. Exercise must be limited and supervised. 4. A client whose husband recently left her is admitted to the hospital with severe depression. The nurse suspects that the client is at risk for suicide. Which of the following questions would be most appropriate and helpful for the nurse to ask during an assessment for suicide risk? a. "Are you sure you want to kill yourself?" b. "I know if my husband left me, I'd want to kill myself. Is that what you think?" c. "How do you think you would kill yourself?" d. "Why don't you just look at the positives in your life?" RATIONALE: To determine if a client is at risk for suicide, ask, "How do you think you would kill yourself?" If the client has a plan, she may be closer to carrying out the act. Option 1 requires ayes-or-no response and is self-limiting. In option 2, the nurse is telling the client what to think and feel. Option 4 dismisses the client's feelings 5. The nurse is caring for a client who she believes has been abusing opiates. Assessment findings in a client abusing opiates, such as morphine, include: a. dilated pupils and slurred speech. b. rapid speech and agitation. c. dilated pupils and agitation. d. euphoria and constricted pupils. RATIONALE: Assessment findings in a client abusing opiates include agitation, slurred speech, euphoria, and constricted pupils. 6. The nurse is caring for a client experiencing an anxiety attack. Appropriate nursing interventions include: a. turning on the lights and opening the windows so that the client doesn't feel crowded. b. leaving the client alone. c. staying with the client and speaking in short sentences. d. turning on stereo music. RATIONALE: Appropriate nursing interventions for an anxiety attack include using short sentences, staying with the client, decreasing stimuli, remaining calm, and medicating as needed. Leaving the client alone, turning on a stereo or lights, and opening windows may increase the client's anxiety. 7. The nurse is teaching a new group of mental health aides. The nurse should teach the aides that setting limits is most important for: a. a depressed client. b. a manic client. c. a suicidal client. d. an anxious client. RATIONALE: Setting limits for unacceptable behavior is most important in a manic client. Typically, depressed, anxious, or suicidal clients don't physically or mentally test the limits of the caregiver. 8. A client is admitted with a diagnosis of delusions of grandeur. This diagnosis reflects a belief that one is: a. highly important or famous. b. being persecuted. c. connected to events unrelated to oneself. d. responsible for the evil in the world. RATIONALE: A delusion of grandeur is a false belief that one is highly important or famous. A delusion of persecution is a false belief that one is being persecuted. A delusion of reference is a false belief that one is connected to events unrelated to oneself or a belief that one is responsible for the evil in the world.9. The nurse is caring for a client, a Vietnam veteran, who exhibits signs and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. Signs and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder include: a. hyperalertness and sleep disturbances. b. memory loss of traumatic event and somatic distress. c. feelings of hostility and violent behavior. d. sudden behavioral changes and anorexia. RATIONALE: Signs and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder include hyperalertness, sleep disturbances, exaggerated startle, survival guilt, and memory impairment. Also, the client relives the traumatic event through dreams and recollections. Hostility, violent behavior, and anorexia aren't usual signs or symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder 10. The nurse is caring for a client with manic depression. The care plan for a client in a manic state would include: a. offering high-calorie meals and strongly encouraging the client to finish all food. b. insisting that the client remain active throughout the day so that he'll sleep at night. c. allowing the client to exhibit hyperactive, demanding, manipulative behavior without setting limits. d. listening attentively with a neutral attitude and avoiding power struggles. RATIONALE: The nurse should listen to the client's requests, express willingness to seriously consider the requests, and respond later. The nurse should encourage the client to take short daytime naps because he expends so much energy. The nurse shouldn't try to restrain the client when he feels the need to move around as long as his activity isn't harmful. High-calorie finger foods should be offered to supplement the client's diet, if he can't remain seated long enough to eat a complete meal. The client shouldn't be forced to stay seated at the table to finish a meal. The nurse should set limits in a calm, clear, and self-confident tone of voice 11. A client is a Vietnam War veteran with a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder. He has a history of nightmares, depression, hopelessness, and alcohol abuse. Which option offers the client the most lasting relief of his symptoms? a. The opportunity to verbalize memories of trauma to a sympathetic listener b. Family support c. Prescribed medications taken as ordered d. Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) meetings RATIONALE: Although it's difficult, clients with posttraumatic stress disorder can obtain the most lasting relief if they verbalize memories of the trauma to a sympathetic listener. Family members are commonly frightened by the information and can't be consistently supportive. Antidepressants may help but these drugs can mask feelings and can't provide lasting relief. Treatment for alcohol abuse, including AA meetings, must be considered when planning care but alone doesn't provide lasting relief 12. A client is admitted for detoxification after a cocaine overdose. The client tells the nurse that he frequently uses cocaine but that he can control his use if he chooses. Which coping mechanism is he using? a. Withdrawal b. Logical thinking c. Repressiond. Denial RATIONALE: Denial is an unconscious defense mechanism in which emotional conflict and anxiety is avoided by refusing to acknowledge feelings, desires, impulses, or external facts that are consciously intolerable. Withdrawal is a common response to stress, characterized by apathy. Logical thinking is the ability to think rationally and make responsible decisions, which would lead the client to admitting the problem and seeking help. Repression is suppressing past events from the consciousness because of guilty association 13. A 22-year-old client is diagnosed with dependent personality disorder. Which behavior is most likely evidence of ineffective individual coping? a. Inability to make choices and decisions without advice b. Showing interest only in solitary activities c. Avoiding developing relationships d. Recurrent self-destructive behavior with history of depression RATIONALE: Individuals with dependent personality disorder typically show indecisiveness, submissiveness, and clinging behaviors so that others will make decisions for them. These clients feel helpless and uncomfortable when alone and don't show interest in solitary activities. They also pursue relationships in order to have someone to take care of them. Although clients with dependent personality disorder may become depressed and suicidal if their needs aren't met, this isn't a typical response 14. A 38-year-old client is admitted for alcohol withdrawal. The most common early sign or symptom that this client is likely to experience is: a. impending coma. b. manipulating behavior. c. suppression. d. perceptual disorders. RATIONALE: Perceptual disorders, especially frightening visual hallucinations, are very common with alcohol withdrawal. Coma isn't an immediate consequence. Manipulative behaviors are part of the alcoholic client's personality but not a sign of alcohol withdrawal. Suppression is a conscious effort to conceal unacceptable thoughts, feelings, impulses, or acts and serves as a coping mechanism for most alcoholics 15. A client is admitted with a diagnosis of schizotypal personality disorder. Which signs would this client exhibit during social situations? a. Aggressive behavior b. Paranoid thoughts c. Emotional affect d. Independence needs RATIONALE: Clients with schizotypal personality disorder experience excessive social anxiety that can lead to paranoid thoughts. Aggressive behavior is uncommon, although these clients may experience agitation with anxiety. Their behavior is emotionally cold with a flattened affect, regardless of the situation. These clients demonstrate a reduced capacity for close or dependent relationships16. The nurse is caring for a client in an acute manic state. What's the most effective nursing action for this client? a. Assigning him to group activities b. Reducing his stimulation c. Assisting him with self-care d. Helping him express his feelings RATIONALE: Reducing stimuli helps to reduce hyperactivity during a manic state. Group activities would provide too much stimulation. Trying to assist the client with self-care could cause increased agitation. When in a manic state, these clients aren't able to express their inner feelings in a productive, introspective manner. The focus of treatment for a client in the manic state is behavior control 17. The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with bulimia. The most appropriate initial goal for a client diagnosed with bulimia is to: a. avoid shopping for large amounts of food. b. control eating impulses. c. identify anxiety-causing situations. d. eat only three meals per day. RATIONALE: Bulimic behavior is generally a maladaptive coping response to stress and underlying issues. The client must identify anxiety-causing situations that stimulate the bulimic behavior and then learn new ways of coping with the anxiety. Controlling shopping for large amounts of food isn't a goal early in treatment. Managing eating impulses and replacing them with adaptive coping mechanisms can be integrated into the care plan after initially addressing stress and underlying issues. Eating three meals per day isn't a realistic goal early in treatment 18. The nurse is caring for a 40-year-old client. Which behavior by the client indicates adult cognitive development? a. Has perceptions based on reality b. Assumes responsibility for actions c. Generates new levels of awareness d. Has maximum ability to solve problems and learn new skills RATIONALE: Adults between ages 31 and 45 generate new levels of awareness. Having perceptions based on reality and assuming responsibility for actions indicate socialization development not cognitive development. Demonstrating maximum ability to solve problems and learning new skills occur in young adults between ages 20 and 30 19. A client with bipolar disorder is being treated with lithium for the first time. The nurse should observe the client for which common adverse effect of lithium? a. Sexual dysfunction b. Constipation c. Polyuria d. Seizures RATIONALE: Polyuria commonly occurs early in the treatment with lithium and could result in fluid volume deficit. Sexual dysfunction isn't a common adverse effect of lithium; it's more common with sedatives and tricyclic antidepressants. Diarrhea, not constipation, occurs with lithium. Constipation can occur with other psychiatric drugs, such as antipsychotic drugs.Seizures may be a later sign of lithium toxicity 20. A client is admitted for an overdose of amphetamines. When assessing this client, the nurse should expect to see: a. tension and irritability. b. slow pulse. c. hypotension. d. constipation. RATIONALE: An amphetamine is a nervous system stimulant that's subject to abuse because of its ability to produce wakefulness and euphoria. An overdose increases tension and irritability. Options B and C are incorrect because amphetamines stimulate norepinephrine, which increases the heart rate and blood flow. Diarrhea is a common adverse effect, so option D is incorrect 21. During a shift report, the nurse learns that she'll be providing care for a client who is vulnerable to panic attack. Treatment for panic attacks includes behavioral therapy, supportive psychotherapy, and medication such as: a. barbiturates. b. antianxiety drugs. c. depressants. d. amphetamines. RATIONALE: Antianxiety drugs provide symptomatic relief. Barbiturates and amphetamines can precipitate panic attacks. Depressants aren't appropriate for treating panic attacks 22. A client comes to the emergency department while experiencing a panic attack. The nurse can best respond to a client having a panic attack by: a. staying with the client until the attack subsides. b. telling the client everything is under control. c. telling the client to lie down and rest. d. talking continually to the client by explaining what's happening. RATIONALE: The nurse should remain with the client until the attack subsides. If the client is left alone, he may become more anxious. Giving false reassurance is inappropriate in this situation. The client should be allowed to move around and pace to help expend energy. The client may be so overwhelmed that he can't follow lengthy explanations or instructions, so the nurse should use short phrases and slowly give one direction at a time. 23. A 24-year-old client is experiencing an acute schizophrenic episode. He has vivid hallucinations that are making him agitated. The nurse's best response at this time would be to: a. take the client's vital signs. b. explore the content of the hallucinations. c. tell him his fear is unrealistic. d. engage the client in reality-oriented activities. RATIONALE: Exploring the content of the hallucinations will help the nurse understand the client's perspective on the situation. The client shouldn't be touched, such as in taking vital signs, without telling him exactly what's going to happen. Debating with the client about his emotionsisn't therapeutic. When the client is calm, engage him in reality-based activities 24. A client with paranoid type schizophrenia becomes angry and tells the nurse to leave him alone. The nurse should: a. tell him that she'll leave for now but will return soon. b. ask him if it's okay if she sits quietly with him. c. ask him why he wants to be left alone. d. tell him that she won't let anything happen to him. RATIONALE: If the client tells the nurse to leave, the nurse should leave but let the client know that she'll return so that he doesn't feel abandoned. Not heeding the client's request can agitate him further. Also, challenging the client isn't therapeutic and may increase his anger. False reassurance isn't warranted in this situation 25. A client begins taking haloperidol (Haldol). After a few days, he experiences severe tonic contractures of muscles in the neck, mouth, and tongue. The nurse should recognize this as: a. psychotic symptoms. b. parkinsonism. c. akathisia. d. dystonia. RATIONALE: These symptoms describe dystonia, which commonly occurs after a few days of treatment with haloperidol. The symptoms may be confused with psychotic symptoms and misdiagnosed. Parkinsonism results in muscle rigidity, shuffling gait, stooped posture, flat-faced affect, tremors, and drooling. Signs and symptoms of akathisia are restlessness, pacing, and inability to sit still 26. The nurse must administer a medication to reverse or prevent Parkinson-type symptoms in a client receiving an antipsychotic. The medication the client will likely receive is: a. benztropine (Cogentin). b. diphenhydramine (Benadryl). c. propranolol (Inderal). d. haloperidol (Haldol). RATIONALE: Benztropine, trihexyphenidyl, or amantadine is prescribed for a client with Parkinson-type symptoms. Diphenhydramine provides rapid relief for dystonia. Propranolol relieves akathisia. Haloperidol can cause Parkinson-type symptoms 27. Which information is most important for the nurse to include in a teaching plan for a schizophrenic client taking clozapine (Clozaril)? a. Monthly blood tests will be necessary. b. Report a sore throat or fever to the physician immediately. c. Blood pressure must be monitored for hypertension. d. Stop the medication when symptoms subside. RATIONALE: A sore throat and fever are indications of an infection caused by agranulocytosis, a potentially life-threatening complication of clozapine. Because of the risk of agranulocytosis, white blood cell (WBC) counts are necessary weekly, not monthly. If the WBC count drops below 3,000/ml, the medication must be stopped. Hypotension may occur in clients taking thismedication. Warn the client to stand up slowly to avoid dizziness from orthostatic hypotension. The medication should be continued, even when symptoms have been controlled. If the medication must be stopped, it should be slowly tapered over 1 to 2 weeks and only under the supervision of a physician 28. A client with manic episodes is taking lithium. Which electrolyte level should the nurse check before administering this medication? a. Calcium b. Sodium c. Chloride d. Potassium RATIONALE: Lithium is chemically similar to sodium. When sodium levels are reduced, such as from sweating or diuresis, lithium is reabsorbed by the kidneys, increasing the risk of toxicity. Clients taking lithium shouldn't restrict their intake of sodium and should drink adequate amounts of fluid each day. The other electrolytes are important for normal body functions, but sodium is most important to the absorption of lithium 29. A client is admitted to the inpatient unit of the mental health center with a diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia. He's shouting that the government of France is trying to assassinate him. Which of the following responses is most appropriate? a. "I think you're wrong. France is a friendly country and an ally of the United States. Their government wouldn't try to kill you." b. "I find it hard to believe that a foreign government or anyone else is trying to hurt you. You must feel frightened by this." c. "You're wrong. Nobody is trying to kill you." d. "A foreign government is trying to kill you? Please tell me more about it." RATIONALE: Responses should focus on reality while acknowledging the client's feelings. Arguing with the client or denying his belief isn't therapeutic. Arguing can also inhibit development of a trusting relationship. Continuing to talk about delusions may aggravate the psychosis. Asking the client if a foreign government is trying to kill him may increase his anxiety level and can reinforce his delusions 30. A client has been receiving chlorpromazine (Thorazine), an antipsychotic, to treat his psychosis. Which finding should alert the nurse that the client is experiencing pseudoparkinsonism? a. Restlessness, difficulty sitting still, pacing b. Involuntary rolling of the eyes c. Tremors, shuffling gait, masklike face d. Extremity and neck spasms, facial grimacing, jerky movements RATIONALE: Pseudoparkinsonism may appear 1 to 5 days after starting an antipsychotic and may also include drooling, rigidity, and pill rolling. Akathisia may occur several weeks after starting antipsychotic therapy and consists of restlessness, difficulty sitting still, and fidgeting. An oculogyric crisis is recognized by uncontrollable rolling back of the eyes and, along with dystonia, should be considered an emergency. Dystonia may occur minutes to hours after receiving an antipsychotic and may include extremity and neck spasms, jerky muscle movements, and facial grimacing31. A 54-year-old female was found unconscious on the floor of her bathroom with self-inflicted wrist lacerations. An ambulance was called and the client was taken to the emergency department. When she was stable, the client was transferred to the inpatient psychiatric unit for observation and treatment with antidepressants. Now that the client is feeling better, which nursing intervention is most appropriate? a. Observing for extrapyramidal symptoms b. Beginning a therapeutic relationship c. Canceling any no-suicide contracts d. Continuing suicide precautions RATIONALE: As antidepressants begin to take effect and the client feels better, she may have the energy to initiate and complete another suicide attempt. As the client's energy level increases, the nurse must continue to be vigilant to the risk of suicide. Extrapyramidal symptoms may occur with antipsychotics and aren't adverse effects of antidepressants. A therapeutic relationship should be initiated upon admission to the psychiatric unit, after suicide precautions have been instituted. It's through this relationship that the client develops feelings of self-worth and trust and problem-solving takes place. In a no-suicide contract, the client states verbally or in writing that she won't attempt suicide and will seek out staff if she has suicidal thoughts. When the time period for a contract has expired, a new contract should be obtained from the client 32. A 26-year-old male reports losing his sight in both eyes. He's diagnosed as having a conversion disorder and is admitted to the psychiatric unit. Which nursing intervention would be most appropriate for this client? a. Not focusing on his blindness b. Providing self-care for him c. Telling him that his blindness isn't real d. Teaching eye exercises to strengthen his eyesQUESTIONS 1. Flumazenil (Romazicon) has been ordered for a male client who has overdosed on oxazepam (Serax). Before administering the medication, nurse Gina should be prepared for which common adverse effect? a. Seizures b. Shivering c. Anxiety d. Chest pain 2. Nurse Tim is caring for a client diagnosed with bulimia. The most appropriate initial goal for a client diagnosed with bulimia is to: a. avoid shopping for large amounts of food b. control eating impulses c. identify anxiety-causing situations d. eat only three meals per day 3. A female client who's at high risk for suicide needs close supervision. To best ensure the client's safety, nurse Gio should: a. check the client frequently at irregular intervals throughout the night b. assure the client that the nurse will hold in confidence anything the client saysc. d.repeatedly discuss previous suicide attempts with the client disregard decreased communication by the client because this is common in suicidal clients4. Which of the following drugs should nurse Marlyn prepare to administer to a client with a toxic acetaminophen (Tylenol) level? a. deferoxamine mesylate (Desferal) b. succimer (Chemet) c. flumazenil (Romazicon) d. acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) 5. A male client is admitted to the substance abuse unit for alcohol detoxification. Which of the following medications is nurse Apple most likely to administer to reduce the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal? a. naloxone (Narcan) b. haloperidol (Haldol) c. magnesium sulfate d. chlordiazepoxide (Librium) 6. During postprandial monitoring, a female client with bulimia nervosa tells the nurse, You can sit with me, but you're just wasting your time. After you sat with me yesterday, I was still able to purge. Today, my goal is to do it twice. What is the nurse's best response? a. I trust you not to purge. b. How are you purging and when do you do it? c. Don't worry. I won't allow you to purge today. d. I know it's important for you to feel in control, but I'll monitor you for 90 minutes after you eat. 7. A male client admitted to the psychiatric unit for treatment of substance abuse says to the nurse, It felt so wonderful to get high. Which of the following is the most appropriate response? a. If you continue to talk like that, I'm going to stop speaking to you. b. You told me you got fired from your last job for missing too many days after taking drugs all night. c. Tell me more about how it felt to get high. d. Don't you know it's illegal to use drugs? 8. For a female client with anorexia nervosa, nurse Jay is aware that which goal takes the highest priority? a. The client will establish adequate daily nutritional intake b. The client will make a contract with the nurse that sets a target weight c. The client will identify self-perceptions about body size as unrealistic d. The client will verbalize the possible physiological consequences of self-starvation 9. When interviewing the parents of an injured child, which of the following is the strongest indicator that child abuse may be a problem? a. The injury isn't consistent with the history or the child's age b. The mother and father tell different stories regarding what happened c. The family is poor d. The parents are argumentative and demanding with emergency department personnel 10. For a female client with anorexia nervosa, nurse Rose plans to include the parents in therapy sessions along with the client. What fact should the nurse remember to be typical of parents of clients with anorexia nervosa? a. They tend to overprotect their children b. They usually have a history of substance abuse c. They maintain emotional distance from their children d. They alternate between loving and rejecting their children11. In the emergency department, a client with facial lacerations states that her husband beat her with a shoe. After the health care team repairs her lacerations, she waits to be seen by the crisis intake nurse, who will evaluate the continued threat of violence. Suddenly the client's husband arrives, shouting that he wants to finish the job. What is the first priority of the health care worker who witnesses this scene? a. Remaining with the client and staying calm b. Calling a security guard and another staff member for assistance c. Telling the client's husband that he must leave at once d. Determining why the husband feels so angry 12. . Nurse Venus is caring for a client with bulimia. Strict management of dietary intake is necessary. Which intervention is also important? a. Fill out the client's menu and make sure she eats at least half of what is on her tray. b. Let the client eat her meals in private. Then engage her in social activities for at least 2 hours after each meal c. Let the client choose her own food. If she eats everything she orders, then stay with her for 1 hour after each meal d. Let the client eat food brought in by the family if she chooses, but she should keep a strict calorie count. 13. Nurse Mary is assigned to care for a suicidal client. Initially, which is the nurse's highest care priority? a. Assessing the client's home environment and relationships outside the hospital b. Exploring the nurse's own feelings about suicide c. Discussing the future with the client d. Referring the client to a clergyperson to discuss the moral implications of suicide 14. A 24-year old client with anorexia nervosa tells the nurse, When I look in the mirror, I hate what I see. I look so fat and ugly. Which strategy should the nurse use to deal with the client's distorted perceptions and feelings? a. Avoid discussing the client's perceptions and feelings b. Focus discussions on food and weight c. Avoid discussing unrealistic cultural standards regarding weight d. Provide objective data and feedback regarding the client's weight and attractiveness 15. Nurse Desmond is caring for a client being treated for alcoholism. Before initiating therapy with disulfiram (Antabuse), the nurse teaches the client that he must read labels carefully on which of the following products? a. Carbonated beverages b. Aftershave lotion c. Toothpaste d. Cheese 16. Nurse Faith is developing a plan of care for a client with anorexia nervosa. Which action should the nurse include in the plan? a. Restrict visits with the family until the client begins to eat b. Provide privacy during meals c. Set up a strict eating plan for the client d. Encourage the client to exercise, which will reduce her anxiety 17. Nurse Tina is aware that the victims of domestic violence should be assessed for what important information? a. Reasons they stay in the abusive relationship (for example, lack of financial autonomy and isolation) b. Readiness to leave the perpetrator and knowledge of resourcesc. d.Use of drugs or alcohol History of previous victimization18. A male client is hospitalized with fractures of the right femur and right humerus sustained in a motorcycle accident. Police suspect the client was intoxicated at the time of the accident. Laboratory tests reveal a blood alcohol level of 0.2% (200 mg/dl). The client later admits to drinking heavily for years. During hospitalization, the client periodically complains of tingling and numbness in the hands and feet. Nurse Gio realizes that these symptoms probably result from: a. acetate accumulation b. thiamine deficiency c. triglyceride buildup. d. a below-normal serum potassium level 19. A parent brings a preschooler to the emergency department for treatment of a dislocated shoulder, which allegedly happened when the child fell down the stairs. Which action should make the nurse suspect that the child was abused? a. The child cries uncontrollably throughout the examination b. The child pulls away from contact with the physician. c. The child doesn't cry when the shoulder is examined d. The child doesn't make eye contact with the nurse. 20. When planning care for a client who has ingested phencyclidine (PCP), nurse Wayne is aware that the following is the highest priority? a. Client's physical needs b. Client's safety needs c. Client's psychosocial needs d. Client's medical needs 21. The nurse is aware that the outcome criteria would be appropriate for a child diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder? a. Accept responsibility for own behaviors b. Be able to verbalize own needs and assert rights. c. Set firm and consistent limits with the client d. Allow the child to establish his own limits and boundaries 22. A male client is found sitting on the floor of the bathroom in the day treatment clinic with moderate lacerations on both wrists. Surrounded by broken glass, she sits staring blankly at her bleeding wrists while staff members call for an ambulance. How should nurse Grace approach her initially? a. Enter the room quietly and move beside her to assess her injuries b. Call for staff back-up before entering the room and restraining her c. Move as much glass away from her as possible and sit next to her quietly d. Approach her slowly while speaking in a calm voice, calling her name, and telling her that the nurse is here to help her 23. A female client with anorexia nervosa describes herself as a whale. However, the nurse's assessment reveals that the client is 5 8 (1.7 m) tall and weighs only 90 lb (40.8 kg). Considering the client's unrealistic body image, which intervention should nurse Angel be included in the plan of care? a. Asking the client to compare her figure with magazine photographs of women her age b. Assigning the client to group therapy in which participants provide realistic feedback about her weight c. Confronting the client about her actual appearance during one-on-one sessions, scheduled during each shift d. Telling the client of the nurse's concern for her health and desire to help her make decisions to keep her healthy24. Eighteen hours after undergoing an emergency appendectomy, a client with a reported history of social drinking displays these vital signs: temperature, 101.6 F (38.7 C); heart rate, 126 beats/minute; respiratory rate, 24 breaths/minute; and blood pressure, 140/96 mm Hg. The client exhibits gross hand tremors and is screaming for someone to kill the bugs in the bed. Nurse Melinda should suspect: a. a postoperative infection b. alcohol withdrawal c. acute sepsis. d. pneumonia. 25. Clonidine (Catapres) can be used to treat conditions other than hypertension. Nurse Sally is aware that the following conditions might the drug be administered? a. Phencyclidine (PCP) intoxication b. Alcohol withdrawal c. Opiate withdrawal d. Cocaine withdrawal ANSWER 1. Answer A. Seizures are the most common serious adverse effect of using flumazenil to reverse benzodiazepine overdose. The effect is magnified if the client has a combined tricyclic antidepressant and benzodiazepine overdose. Less common adverse effects include shivering, anxiety, and chest pain. 2. Answer C. Bulimic behavior is generally a maladaptive coping response to stress and underlying issues. The client must identify anxiety-causing situations that stimulate the bulimic behavior and then learn new ways of coping with the anxiety. Controlling shopping for large amounts of food isn't a goal early in treatment. Managing eating impulses and replacing them with adaptive coping mechanisms can be integrated into the plan of care after initially addressing stress and underlying issues. Eating three meals per day isn't a realistic goal early in treatment. 3. Answer A. Checking the client frequently but at irregular intervals prevents the client from predicting when observation will take place and altering behavior in a misleading way at these times. Option B may encourage the client to try to manipulate the nurse or seek attention for having a secret suicide plan. Option C may reinforce suicidal ideas. Decreased communication is a sign of withdrawal that may indicate the client has decided to commit suicide; the nurse shouldn't disregard it (option D) 4. Answer D. The antidote for acetaminophen toxicity is acetylcysteine. It enhances conversion of toxic metabolites to nontoxic metabolites. Deferoxamine mesylate is the antidote for iron intoxication. Succimer is an antidote for lead poisoning. Flumazenil reverses the sedative effects of benzodiazepines. 5. Answer D. Chlordiazepoxide (Librium) and other tranquilizers help reduce the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal. Haloperidol (Haldol) may be given to treat clients with psychosis, severe agitation, or delirium. Naloxone (Narcan) is administered for narcotic overdose. Magnesium sulfate and other anticonvulsant medications are only administered to treat seizures if they occur during withdrawal. 6. Answer D. This response acknowledges that the client is testing limits and that the nurse is setting them by performing postprandial monitoring to prevent self-induced emesis. Clients with bulimia nervosa need to feel in control of the diet because they feel they lack control over all other aspects of their lives. Because their therapeutic relationships with caregivers are less important than their need to purge, they don't fear betraying the nurse's trust by engaging in the activity. They commonly plot purging and rarely share their secrets about it. An authoritarian or challenging response may trigger a power struggle between the nurse and client. 7. Answer B. Confronting the client with the consequences of substance abuse helps to break through denial. Making threats (option A) isn't an effective way to promote self-disclosure or establish a rapport with the client. Although the nurse should encourage the client to discuss feelings, the discussion should focus on how the client felt before, not during, an episode of substance abuse (option C). Encouraging elaboration about his experience while getting highmay reinforce the abusive behavior. The client undoubtedly is aware that drug use is illegal; a reminder to this effect (option D) is unlikely to alter behavior. 8. Answer A. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, all humans need to meet basic physiological needs first. Because a client with anorexia nervosa eats little or nothing, the nurse must first plan to help the client meet this basic, immediate physiological need. The nurse may give lesser priority to goals that address long-term plans (as in option B), self-perception (as in option C), and potential complications (as in option D). 9. Answer A. When the child's injuries are inconsistent with the history given or impossible because of the child's age and developmental stage, the emergency department nurse should be suspicious that child abuse is occurring. The parents may tell different stories because their perception may be different regarding what happened. If they change their story when different health care workers ask the same question, this is a clue that child abuse may be a problem. Child abuse occurs in all socioeconomic groups. Parents may argue and be demanding because of the stress of having an injured child. 10. Answer A. Clients with anorexia nervosa typically come from a family with parents who are controlling and overprotective. These clients use eating to gain control of an aspect of their lives. The characteristics described in options B, C, and D isn't typical of parents of children with anorexia. 11. Answer B. The health care worker who witnesses this scene must take precautions to ensure personal as well as client safety, but shouldn't attempt to manage a physically aggressive person alone. Therefore, the first priority is to call a security guard and another staff member. After doing this, the health care worker should inform the husband what is expected, speaking in concise statements and maintaining a firm but calm demeanor. This approach makes it clear that the health care worker is in control and may diffuse the situation until the security guard arrives. Telling the husband to leave would probably be ineffective because of his agitated and irrational state. Exploring his anger doesn't take precedence over safeguarding the client and staff. 12. Answer C. Allowing the client to select her own food from the menu will help her feel some sense of control. She must then eat 100% of what she selected. Remaining with the client for at least 1 hour after eating will prevent purging. Bulimic clients should only be allowed to eat food provided by the dietary department. 13. Answer B. The nurse's values, beliefs, and attitudes toward self-destructive behavior influence responses to a suicidal client; such responses set the overall mood for the nurse-client relationship. Therefore, the nurse initially must explore personal feelings about suicide to avoid conveying negative feelings to the client. Assessment of the client's home environment and relationships may reveal the need for family therapy; however, conducting such an assessment isn't a nursing priority. Discussing the future and providing anticipatory guidance can help the client prepare for future stress, but this isn't a priority. Referring the client to a clergyperson may increase the client's trust or alleviate guilt; however, it isn't the highest priority. 14. Answer D. By focusing on reality, this strategy may help the client develop a more realistic body image and gain self-esteem. Option A is inappropriate because discussing the client's perceptions and feeling wouldn't help her to identify, accept, and work through them. Focusing discussions on food and weight would give the client attention for not eating, making option B incorrect. Option C is inappropriate because recognizing unrealistic cultural standards wouldn't help the client establish more realistic weight goals. 15. Answer B. Disulfiram may be given to clients with chronic alcohol abuse who wish to curb impulse drinking. Disulfiram works by blocking the oxidation of alcohol, inhibiting the conversion of acetaldehyde to acetate. As acetaldehyde builds up in the blood, the client experiences noxious and uncomfortable symptoms. Even alcohol rubbed onto the skin can produce a reaction. The client receiving disulfiram must be taught to read ingredient labels carefully to avoid products containing alcohol such as aftershave lotions. Carbonated beverages, toothpaste, and cheese don't contain alcohol and don't need to be avoided by the client. 16. Answer C. Establishing a consistent eating plan and monitoring the client's weight are important for this disorder. The family should be included in the client's care. The client should be monitored during meals not given privacy. Exercise must be limited and supervised. 17. Answer B. Victims of domestic violence must be assessed for their readiness to leave the perpetrator and their knowledge of the resources available to them. Nurses can then provide thevictims with information and options to enable them to leave when they are ready. The reasons they stay in the relationship are complex and can be explored at a later time. The use of drugs or alcohol is irrelevant. There is no evidence to suggest that previous victimization results in a person's seeking or causing abusive relationships. 18. Answer B. Numbness and tingling in the hands and feet are symptoms of peripheral polyneuritis, which results from inadequate intake of vitamin B1 (thiamine) secondary to prolonged and excessive alcohol intake. Treatment includes reducing alcohol intake, correcting nutritional deficiencies through diet and vitamin supplements, and preventing such residual disabilities as foot and wrist drop. Acetate accumulation, triglyceride buildup, and a below-normal serum potassium level are unrelated to the client's symptoms. 19. Answer C. A characteristic behavior of abused children is lack of crying when they undergo a painful procedure or are examined by a health care professional. Therefore, the nurse should suspect child abuse. Crying throughout the examination, pulling away from the physician, and not making eye contact with the nurse are normal behaviors for preschoolers. 20. Answer B. The highest priority for a client who has ingested PCP is meeting safety needs of the client as well as the staff. Drug effects are unpredictable and prolonged, and the client may lose control easily. After safety needs have been met, the client's physical, psychosocial, and medical needs can be met. 21. Answer A. Children with oppositional defiant disorder frequently violate the rights of others. They are defiant, disobedient, and blame others for their actions. Accountability for their actions would demonstrate progress for the oppositional child. Options C and D aren't outcome criteria but interventions. Option B is incorrect as the oppositional child usually focuses on his own needs. 22. Answer D. Ensuring the safety of the client and the nurse is the priority at this time. Therefore, the nurse should approach the client cautiously while calling her name and talking to her in a calm, confident manner. The nurse should keep in mind that the client shouldn't be startled or overwhelmed. After explaining that the nurse is there to help, the nurse should observe the client's response carefully. If the client shows signs of agitation or confusion or poses a threat, the nurse should retreat and request assistance. The nurse shouldn't attempt to sit next to the client or examine injuries without first announcing the nurse's presence and assessing the dangers of the situation. 23. Answer D. A client with anorexia nervosa has an unrealistic body image that causes consumption of little or no food. Therefore, the client needs assistance with making decisions about health. Instead of protecting the client's health, options A, B, and C may serve to make the client defensive and more entrenched in her unrealistic body image. 24. Answer B. The client's vital signs and hallucinations suggest delirium tremens or alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Although infection, acute sepsis, and pneumonia may arise as postoperative complications, they wouldn't cause this client's signs and symptoms and typically would occur later in the postoperative course 25. Answer C. Clonidine is used as adjunctive therapy in opiate withdrawal. Benzodiazepines, such as chlordiazepoxide (Librium), and neuropleptic agents, such as haloperidol, are used to treat alcohol withdrawal. Benzodiazepines and neuropleptic agents are typically used to treat PCP intoxication. Antidepressants and medications with dopaminergic activity in the brain, such as fluoxotine (Prozac), are used to treat cocaine withdrawal.---------------QUESTION 1. A male client with a history of cocaine addiction is admitted to the coronary care unit for evaluation of substernal chest pain. The electrocardiogram (ECG) shows a 1-mm ST-segmentelevation the anteroseptal leads and T-wave inversion in leads V3 to V5. Considering the client's history of drug abuse, nurse Greg expects the physician to prescribe: a. lidocaine (Xylocaine). b. procainamide (Pronestyl). c. nitroglycerin (Nitro-Bid IV). d. epinephrine. 2. A 14-year-old client is brought to the clinic by her mother. Her mother expresses concern about her daughter's weight loss and constant dieting. Nurse Kris conducts a health history interview. Which of the following comments indicates that the client may be suffering from anorexia nervosa? a. "I like the way I look. I just need to keep my weight down because I'm a cheerleader." b. "I don't like the food my mother cooks. I eat plenty of fast food when I'm out with my friends." c. "I just can't seem to get down to the weight I want to be. I'm so fat compared to other girls." d. "I do diet around my periods; otherwise, I just get so bloated." 3. a. b. c. d. Nurse Fey is aware that the drug of choice for treating Tourette syndrome? fluoxetine (Prozac) fluvoxamine (Luvox) haloperidol (Haldol) paroxetine (Paxil)4. A male client tells the nurse he was involved in a car accident while he was intoxicated. What would be the most therapeutic response from nurse Julia? a. "Why didn't you get someone else to drive you?" b. "Tell me how you feel about the accident." c. "You should know better than to drink and drive." d. "I recommend that you attend an Alcoholics Anonymous meeting." 5. A male adult client voluntarily admits himself to the substance abuse unit. He confesses that he drinks 1 qt or more of vodka each day and uses cocaine occasionally. Later that afternoon, he begins to show signs of alcohol withdrawal. What are some early signs of this condition? a. Vomiting, diarrhea, and bradycardia b. Dehydration, temperature above 101 F (38.3 C), and pruritus c. Hypertension, diaphoresis, and seizures d. Diaphoresis, tremors, and nervousness 6. When monitoring a female client recently admitted for treatment of cocaine addiction, nurse Aaron notes sudden increases in the arterial blood pressure and heart rate. To correct these problems, the nurse expects the physician to prescribe: a. norepinephrine (Levophed) and lidocaine (Xylocaine) b. nifedipine (Procardia) and lidocaine. c. nitroglycerin (Nitro-Bid IV) and esmolol (Brevibloc) d. nifedipine and esmolol 7. A 25 year old client experiencing alcohol withdrawal is upset about going through detoxification. Which of the following goals is a priority? a. The client will commit to a drug-free lifestyle b. The client will work with the nurse to remain safe c. The client will drink plenty of fluids daily d. The client will make a personal inventory of strength 8. A male client is admitted to a psychiatric facility by court order for evaluation for antisocial personality disorder. This client has a long history of initiating fights and abusing animals and recently was arrested for setting a neighbor's dog on fire. When evaluating this client for the potential for violence, nurse Perry should assess for which behavioral clues?a. b. c. d.A rigid posture, restlessness, and glaring Depression and physical withdrawal Silence and noncompliance Hypervigilance and talk of past violent acts9. A male client is brought to the psychiatric clinic by family members, who tell the admitting nurse that the client repeatedly drives while intoxicated despite their pleas to stop. During an interview with the nurse Linda, which statement by the client most strongly supports a diagnosis of psychoactive substance abuse? a. "I'm not addicted to alcohol. In fact, I can drink more than I used to without being affected." b. "I only spend half of my paycheck at the bar." c. "I just drink to relax after work." d. "I know I've been arrested three times for drinking and driving, but the police are just trying to hassle me." 10. A female client with borderline personality disorder is admitted to the psychiatric unit. Initial nursing assessment reveals that the client's wrists are scratched from a recent suicide attempt. Based on this finding, the nurse Lenny should formulate a nursing diagnosis of: a. Ineffective individual coping related to feelings of guilt. b. Situational low self-esteem related to feelings of loss of control c. Risk for violence: Self-directed related to impulsive mutilating acts d. Risk for violence: Directed toward others related to verbal threats 11. A male client recently admitted to the hospital with sharp, substernal chest pain suddenly complains of palpitations. Nurse Ryan notes a rise in the client's arterial blood pressure and a heart rate of 144 beats/minute. On further questioning, the client admits to having used cocaine recently after previously denying use of the drug. The nurse concludes that the client is at high risk for which complication of cocaine use? a. Coronary artery spasm b. Bradyarrhythmias c. Neurobehavioral deficits d. Panic disorder 12. A male client is being admitted to the substance abuse unit for alcohol detoxification. As part of the intake interview, the nurse asks him when he had his last alcoholic drink. He says that he had his last drink 6 hours before admission. Based on this response, nurse Lorena should expect early withdrawal symptoms to: a. begin after 7 days b. not occur at all because the time period for their occurrence has passed c. begin anytime within the next 1 to 2 days d. begin within 2 to 7 days 13. Nurse Helen is assigned to care for a client with anorexia nervosa. Initially, which nursing intervention is most appropriate for this client? a. Providing one-on-one supervision during meals and for 1 hour afterward b. Letting the client eat with other clients to create a normal mealtime atmosphere c. Trying to persuade the client to eat and thus restore nutritional balance d. Giving the client as much time to eat as desired 14. A female client begins to experience alcoholic hallucinosis. Nurse Joy is aware that the best nursing intervention at this time? a. Keeping the client restrained in bed b. Checking the client's blood pressure every 15 minutes and offering juices c. Providing a quiet environment and administering medication as needed and prescribed d. Restraining the client and measuring blood pressure every 30 minutes15. Nurse Bella is aware that assessment finding is most consistent with early alcohol withdrawal? a. Heart rate of 120 to 140 beats/minute b. Heart rate of 50 to 60 beats/minute c. Blood pressure of 100/70 mm Hg d. Blood pressure of 140/80 mm Hg 16. Nurse Amy is aware that the client is at highest risk for suicide? a. One who appears depressed, frequently thinks of dying, and gives away all personal possessions b. One who plans a violent death and has the means readily available c. One who tells others that he or she might do something if life doesn't get better soon d. One who talks about wanting to die 17. Nurse Penny is aware that the following medical conditions is commonly found in clients with bulimia nervosa? a. Allergies b. Cancer c. Diabetes mellitus d. Hepatitis A 18. Ken, a high school student is referred to the school nurse for suspected substance abuse. Following the nurse's assessment and interventions, what would be the most desirable outcome? a. The student discusses conflicts over drug use b. The student accepts a referral to a substance abuse counselor c. The student agrees to inform his parents of the problem d. The student reports increased comfort with making choice 19. A male client who reportedly consumes 1 qt of vodka daily is admitted for alcohol detoxification. To try to prevent alcohol withdrawal symptoms, Dr. Smith is most likely to prescribe which drug? a. clozapine (Clozaril) b. thiothixene (Navane) c. lorazepam (Ativan) d. lithium carbonate (Eskalith) 20. A male client is being treated for alcoholism. After a family meeting, the client's spouse asks the nurse about ways to help the family deal with the effects of alcoholism. Nurse Lily should suggest that the family join which organization? a. Al-Anon b. Make Today Count c. Emotions Anonymous d. Alcoholics Anonymous 21. A female client is admitted to the psychiatric clinic for treatment of anorexia nervosa. To promote the client's physical health, nurse Tair should plan to: a. severely restrict the client's physical activities b. weigh the client daily, after the evening meal c. monitor vital signs, serum electrolyte levels, and acid-base balance d. instruct the client to keep an accurate record of food and fluid intake 22. Kevin is remanded by the courts for psychiatric treatment. His police record, which dates to his early teenage years, includes delinquency, running away, auto theft, and vandalism. He dropped out of school at age 16 and has been living on his own since then. His history suggests maladaptive coping, which is associated with: a. antisocial personality disorderb. c. d.borderline personality disorder obsessive-compulsive personality disorder narcissistic personality disorder23. Mark and May seek emergency crisis intervention because he slapped her repeatedly the night before. The husband indicates that his childhood was marred by an abusive relationship with his father. When intervening with this couple, nurse Gerry knows they are at risk for repeated violence because the husband: a. has only moderate impulse control b. denies feelings of jealousy or possessiveness c. has learned violence as an acceptable behavior d. feels secure in his relationship with his wife 24. A client whose husband just left her has a recurrence of anorexia nervosa. Nurse Vic caring for her realizes that this exacerbation of anorexia nervosa results from the client's effort to: a. manipulate her husband b. gain control of one part of her life c. commit suicide d. live up to her mother's expectations 25. A male client has approached the nurse asking for advice on how to deal with his alcohol addiction. Nurse Sally should tell the client that the only effective treatment for alcoholism is: a. Psychotherapy b. total abstinence c. Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) d. aversion therapy ANSWER 1. Answer C. The elevated ST segments in this client's ECG indicate myocardial ischemia. To reverse this problem, the physician is most likely to prescribe an infusion of nitroglycerin to dilate the coronary arteries. Lidocaine and procainamide are cardiac drugs that may be indicated for this client at some point but aren't used for coronary artery dilation. If a cocaine user experiences ventricular fibrillation or asystole, the physician may prescribe epinephrine. However, this drug must be used with caution because cocaine may potentiate its adrenergic effects. 2. Answer C. Low self-esteem is the highest risk factor for anorexia nervosa. Constant dieting to get down to a "desirable weight" is characteristic of the disorder. Feeling inadequate when compared to peers indicates poor self-esteem. Most clients with anorexia nervosa don't like the way they look, and their self-perception may be distorted. A girl with cachexia may perceive herself to be overweight when she looks in the mirror. Preferring fast food over healthy food is common in this age-group. Because of the absence of body fat necessary for proper hormone production, amenorrhea is common in a client with anorexia nervosa. 3. Answer C. Haloperidol is the drug of choice for treating Tourette syndrome. Prozac, Luvox, and Paxil are antidepressants and aren't used to treat Tourette syndrome 4. Answer B. An open-ended statement or question is the most therapeutic response. It encourages the widest range of client responses, makes the client an active participant in the conversation, and shows the client that the nurse is interested in his feelings. Asking the client why he drove while intoxicated can make him feel defensive and intimidated. A judgmental approach isn't therapeutic. By giving advice, the nurse suggests that the client isn't capable of making decisions, thus fostering dependency.5. Answer D. Alcohol withdrawal syndrome includes alcohol withdrawal, alcoholic hallucinosis, and alcohol withdrawal delirium (formerly delirium tremens). Signs of alcohol withdrawal include diaphoresis, tremors, nervousness, nausea, vomiting, malaise, increased blood pressure and pulse rate, sleep disturbance, and irritability. Although diarrhea may be an early sign of alcohol withdrawal, tachycardia not bradycardia is associated with alcohol withdrawal. Dehydration and an elevated temperature may be expected, but a temperature above 101 F indicates an infection rather than alcohol withdrawal. Pruritus rarely occurs in alcohol withdrawal. If withdrawal symptoms remain untreated, seizures may arise later. 6. Answer D. This client requires a vasodilator, such as nifedipine, to treat hypertension, and a beta-adrenergic blocker, such as esmolol, to reduce the heart rate. Lidocaine, an antiarrhythmic, isn't indicated because the client doesn't have an arrhythmia. Although nitroglycerin may be used to treat coronary vasospasm, it isn't the drug of choice in hypertension. 7. Answer B. The priority goal in alcohol withdrawal is maintaining the client's safety. Committing to a drug-free lifestyle, drinking plenty of fluids, and identifying personal strengths are important goals, but ensuring the client's safety is the nurse's top priority. 8. Answer A. Behavioral clues that suggest the potential for violence include a rigid posture, restlessness, glaring, a change in usual behavior, clenched hands, overtly aggressive actions, physical withdrawal, noncompliance, overreaction, hostile threats, recent alcohol ingestion or drug use, talk of past violent acts, inability to express feelings, repetitive demands and complaints, argumentativeness, profanity, disorientation, inability to focus attention, hallucinations or delusions, paranoid ideas or suspicions, and somatic complaints. Violent clients rarely exhibit depression, silence, or hypervigilance. 9. Answer D. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, diagnostic criteria for psychoactive substance abuse include a maladaptive pattern of such use, indicated either by continued use despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent social, occupational, psychological, or physical problem caused or exacerbated by substance abuse or recurrent use in dangerous situations (for example, while driving). For this client, psychoactive substance dependence must be ruled out; criteria for this disorder include a need for increasing amounts of the substance to achieve intoxication (option A), increased time and money spent on the substance (option B), inability to fulfill role obligations (option C), and typical withdrawal symptoms. 10. Answer C. The predominant behavioral characteristic of the client with borderline personality disorder is impulsiveness, especially of a physically self-destructive sort. The observation that the client has scratched wrists doesn't substantiate the other options. 11. Answer A. Cocaine use may cause such cardiac complications as coronary artery spasm, myocardial infarction, dilated cardiomyopathy, acute heart failure, endocarditis, and sudden death. Cocaine blocks reuptake of norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine, causing an excess of these neurotransmitters at postsynaptic receptor sites. Consequently, the drug is more likely to cause tachyarrhythmias than bradyarrhythmias. Although neurobehavioral deficits are common in neonates born to cocaine users, they are rare in adults. As craving for the drug increases, a person who's addicted to cocaine typically experiences euphoria followed by depression, not panic disorder 12. Answer C. Acute withdrawal symptoms from alcohol may begin 6 hours after the client has stopped drinking and peak 1 to 2 days later. Delirium tremens may occur 2 to 4 days even up to 7 days after the last drink. 13. Answer A. Because the client with anorexia nervosa may discard food or induce vomiting in the bathroom, the nurse should provide one-on-one supervision during meals and for 1 hour afterward. Option B wouldn't be therapeutic because other clients may urge the client to eat andgive attention for not eating. Option C would reinforce control issues, which are central to this client's underlying psychological problem. Instead of giving the client unlimited time to eat, as in option D, the nurse should set limits and let the client know what is expected. 14. Answer C. Manifestations of alcoholic hallucinosis are best treated by providing a quiet environment to reduce stimulation and administering prescribed central nervous system depressants in dosages that control symptoms without causing oversedation. Although bed rest is indicated, restraints are unnecessary unless the client poses a danger to himself or others. Also, restraints may increase agitation and make the client feel trapped and helpless when hallucinating. Offering juice is appropriate, but measuring blood pressure every 15 minutes would interrupt the client's rest. To avoid overstimulating the client, the nurse should check blood pressure every 2 hours. 15. Answer A. Tachycardia, a heart rate of 120 to 140 beats/minute, is a common sign of alcohol withdrawal. Blood pressure may be labile throughout withdrawal, fluctuating at different stages. Hypertension typically occurs in early withdrawal. Hypotension, although rare during the early withdrawal stages, may occur in later stages. Hypotension is associated with cardiovascular collapse and most commonly occurs in clients who don't receive treatment. The nurse should monitor the client's vital signs carefully throughout the entire alcohol withdrawal process. 16. Answer B. The client at highest risk for suicide is one who plans a violent death (for example, by gunshot, jumping off a bridge, or hanging), has a specific plan (for example, after the spouse leaves for work), and has the means readily available (for example, a rifle hidden in the garage). A client who gives away possessions, thinks about death, or talks about wanting to die or attempting suicide is considered at a lower risk for suicide because this behavior typically serves to alert others that the client is contemplating suicide and wishes to be helped. 17. Answer C. Bulimia nervosa can lead to many complications, including diabetes, heart disease, and hypertension. The eating disorder isn't typically associated with allergies, cancer, or hepatitis A. 18. Answer B. All of the outcomes stated are desirable; however, the best outcome is that the student would agree to seek the assistance of a professional substance abuse counselor 19. Answer C. The best choice for preventing or treating alcohol withdrawal symptoms is lorazepam, a benzodiazepine. Clozapine and thiothixene are antipsychotic agents, and lithium carbonate is an antimanic agent; these drugs aren't used to manage alcohol withdrawal syndrome. 20. Answer A. Al-Anon is an organization that assists family members to share common experiences and increase their understanding of alcoholism. Make Today Count is a support group for people with life-threatening or chronic illnesses. Emotions Anonymous is a support group for people experiencing depression, anxiety, or similar conditions. Alcoholics Anonymous is an organization that helps alcoholics recovers by using a twelve-step program. 21. Answer C. An anorexic client who requires hospitalization is in poor physical condition from starvation and may die as a result of arrhythmias, hypothermia, malnutrition, infection, or cardiac abnormalities secondary to electrolyte imbalances. Therefore, monitoring the client's vital signs, serum electrolyte level, and acid base balance is crucial. Option A may worsen anxiety. Option B is incorrect because a weight obtained after breakfast is more accurate than one obtained after the evening meal. Option D would reward the client with attention for not eating and reinforce the control issues that are central to the underlying psychological problem; also, the client may record food and fluid intake inaccurately. 22. Answer A. The client's history of delinquency, running away from home, vandalism, and dropping out of school are characteristic of antisocial personality disorder. This maladaptivecoping pattern is manifested by a disregard for societal norms of behavior and an inability to relate meaningfully to others. In borderline personality disorder, the client exhibits mood instability, poor self-image, identity disturbance, and labile affect. Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is characterized by a preoccupation with impulses and thoughts that the client realizes are senseless but can't control. Narcissistic personality disorder is marked by a pattern of self-involvement, grandiosity, and demand for constant attention. 23. Answer C. Family violence usually is a learned behavior, and violence typically leads to further violence, putting this couple at risk. Repeated slapping may indicate poor, not moderate, impulse control. Violent people commonly are jealous and possessive and feel insecure in their relationships 24. Answer B. By refusing to eat, a client with anorexia nervosa is unconsciously attempting to gain control over the only part of her life she feels she can control. This eating disorder doesn't represent an attempt to manipulate others or live up to their expectations (although anorexia nervosa has a high incidence in families that emphasize achievement). The client isn't attempting to commit suicide through starvation; rather, by refusing to eat, she is expressing feelings of despair, worthlessness, and hopelessness. 25. Answer B. Total abstinence is the only effective treatment for alcoholism. Psychotherapy, attendance at AA meetings, and aversion therapy are all adjunctive therapies that can support the client in his efforts to abstain.----------------QUESTION