4.4. nejednakosti
DESCRIPTION
Nejednakosti. Rjesavanje Diofantskih jednadzbi pomocu nejednakosti.Primjeri Diofantskih jednadzbi. Zadaci za uvjezbavanje.TRANSCRIPT
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4.4.
. ,
,
. ,
, .
, ,
, .
1. ?
: abcd . 4)dcba(abcd +++= . 54 < 1000 abcd < 104,
5 < + b + c + d < 10. , + b + c + d 6, 7, 8 9. 64 = 1296, 74 = 2401, 84 = 4096 94 = 6561, 2401 = 74, 9.
2. .
: ab . ab = 10 + b = a3 + b2. ab = 10 + b 99 a3 + b2 99, 1 4. 10 3 = b2 b (10 2) = b(b - 1). b(b - 1), , , (10 2) . . (10 2) 0, 10 2 0, . 3. 3 = 2. (10 2) = b(b - 1) = 12, b = 4. , 24 ( = 23 + 42). , 90 , .
, -
.
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4. 4.4.
3. .
: :
1) , = 2, = 1. 2) 10 + = 2 + 2, (10 - ) = ( -1). ( - 1) , . {2, 4, 6, 8} (10 - ) 18 24, .
3) , 100 + 10 + z = 2 + 2 + z
2. 100 + 10 + z = 2 + 2 + z2 381 = 243, = 1 = 2.
3.1) = 1, 100 + 10 + z = 1 + 2 + z2 99 + 10 + z = 2 + z2. 99 > z2 10 > 2, .
3.2) = 2, 200 + 10 + z = 4 + 2 + z2. 200, 200, .
4) 3 , 10-1, 100, 10-1 100, 10-3 , , 3.
4. , b, c, d
1d1
c
1b1
a
12222 =+++ ?
: ,
, 1 < a b c d. Ta je
2222 a
1b1
c
1d1 , 222222 a
41d1
c
1b1
a
1d4 =+++ .
a2 4, a = 2, 1.
22222 b3
43
d1
c
1b1
d3 =++ . b2 4, b = 2.
O 2222 c
242
d1
c
1d2 =+ , c2 4, o c = 2.
d = 2, a = b = c = d = 2.
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4. 4.4.
5. , , z ! + ! = z!?
: ! + ! = z! ! 1 ! 1, < z < z. ! + ! = z! = z(z 1)...( + 1)( - 1)...321 = z(z 1)...( + 1)!. ! = z(z 1)...( + 1)! ! = ! ( z(z 1)...( + 1) 1). :
1) < , ! < !, ; 2) = , z(z 1)...( + 1) 1 = 1, z(z 1)...( + 1)
= 2 z = 2. = = 1.
3) > , 2 ! = ( - 1)...( + 1) ! = ! (z(z 1)...( + 1) 1).
! ( - 1)...( + 1) = (z(z 1)...( + 1) 1. , , .
= = 1 z = 2.
6. 2 + + 2 = 22 .
: :
1) 1 , 1
1
1
122 =++ .
2 2, 22
1
1
1 .
2222
31
1
1
1
3 =++ , 2 3,
= 1. = 1, = - 1, .
2) 1 , .
7. (x, y, z) a , z, + z + z - z = 2.
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4. 4.4.
:
, .
:
1) = 1, + z + z - z = + z = 2, (1, 1, 1) . 2) = 2, 2 + z + 2z - 2z = 2 - z + 2z = 2. z - 2 - 2z + 4 = ( - 2)(z - 2) = 2, : - 2 = 1, z - 2 = 2 - 2 = 2, z - 2 = 1. (2, 3, 4) ; (2, 4, 3) ; (3, 2, 4) ; (3, 4, 2) ; (4, 2, 3) ; (4, 3, 2). 3) > 2, > 2 z > 2, : z 3, z 3z z 3z. 3z 3 + 3z + 3z, z + z + z 2 = + z + z - z 0, .
8.
2 + = 4 + 3 + 2 + .
: ,
,
. 4 1 42 + 4 + 1 = 44 + 43 + 42 + 4 + 1. (2 + 1)2 = 44 + 43 + 42 + 4 + 1 = 44 + 43 + 2 + 32 + 4 + 1 = (22 + )2 + ( + 1)(3 + 1). (2 + 1)2 = 44 + 43 + 42 + 4 + 1 = 44 + 2 + 4 + 43 + 82 + 4 - 52 - 3 = (22 + + 2)2 52 3. , (22 + )2 + ( + 1)(3 + 1) = (2 + 1)2 = (22 + + 2)2 (52 + 3). :
1) = - 1, 2 + = 0, = 0 = -1. 2) - 1, ( + 1)(3 + 1) > 0. 52 + 3 > 0
, (22 + )2 < (2 + 1)2 < (22 + + 2)2. (22 + )2 (22 + + 2)2 (22 + + 1)2, (2 + 1)2 = (22 + + 1)2. (2 + 1)2 = 44 + 43 + 42 + 4 + 1 = (22 + + 1)2 = 44 + 2 + 1 + 43 + 42 + 2 + 1,
2 2 = 0, . 0 2:
2.1) = 0, 2 + = 0, = 0 = -1. 2.2) = 2, 2 + = 30, = 5 = -6.
: (0, -1); (-1, -1); (0, 0); (-1, 0); (5, 2); (-6, 2).
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4. 4.4.
308. .
309. .
310. ? (, ) ? 311. ?
312. , z, ?
313. p, q r , p4 + q4 = r4 . .
314. , b n, 4ncccbba =++ . ?
315. . ? 316. .
317. ? 318. , ? 319. , ? 320. (, ) -
3 =
4 - 16.
321. 4 + 23 + 2 11 + 11 = 2, .
322. n ,
4 n2.
323. : 11! + ... + ! = 4 . ? 324. (, ) : 10 + 11 = + 2000.
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4. 4.4.
325. 1, 2, ... 2006 1
2 + 2
2
+...+ 20062 = 2040. 1, 2, ... 2006.
326. , b, c, d, : 2 < b < c < d < .
1e
1d1
c
1b1
a
122222 =++++ .
327. 1y1
xy1
x
122 =++
. ( 1952.)
328. 3
zx
z
y
=++ .
(26. - 1963.) 329. ( ) 2 10 22. (10. 1968.) 330. (, ) - ( + 2)4 4 = 3. ( - 1974.) 331. b . 2 + b2 + b q r. (, b) q2 + r = 1977. (19. - 1977.) 332. n ( - 1)! + 1 = n. ( 1980.) 333. (, )
3 + 2 + 2 + 3 = 8(2 + + 2 + 1). ( - 1980.)
334. 3 3 = + 61. (15. 1981.) 335. 6 + 33 + 1 = 4 . ( - 1981.)
336. 1983
1z
1y1
x
1=++
. ( 1983.)
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4. 4.4.
337. , b, c, d,
1e
1d1
c
1b1
a
1=++++ , a : 2 < < b b <
c < d < . ( 1995.) 338. , b, c
.1ca
1bc1
ab1
=++ ( 1996.)
339. (5 + 1)2 = abcd , . ( 1996.) 340.
3
3 = + 25. ( 2000.)
341. (n) , (n) n. n (n) + (n) = n. ( 2002.) 342. 31 . ,
.
? ( 2003.) 343. (, b) ,
1bab2a
32
2
+ . (44. 2003.)
344. 2 + 1 . (22. 2005.)
345. 1, 2,... 1 < 2 < ... < ( 2). 1
x
1...
x
1x
12
k2
22
1=+++ .
346. ?
*
, , .
,
-
, .
, ( -) .