4516 4520.output

* GB784923 (A)

Description: GB784923 (A) ? 1957-10-16

Process for improving the properties of shaped articles of film-formingpolyethylene

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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete, up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.

COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Process for improving the Properties of Shaped Articles of Film Forming Polyethylene We, BADISCHE ANILIN- & SODA-FABRIR AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, a Joint Stock Company organised under the Laws of Germany, of Ludwigshafen on Rhein, Germany, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: It is known that the surface of shaped articles of plastics can be modified by action with compounds which react with the plastic, as for example by oxidation, chlorination or sulphochlorination. It is also known that these effects can also be obtained by irradiation of the plastic shaped article with electrons, neutrons or electromagnetic waves in the presence of gases which react with the plastic. The surface of the shaped article is given better bonding, printing, and dyeing properties by such an irradiation. For this purpose there are used rays of low energy which do not penetrate deep into the plastic. At the same time as this desired modification, the surface of the plastic is, however, also cross-linked and a degradation of the molecule takes place. Nonhomogeneous shaped articles are obtained of

which the mechanical properties are less good. We have now found that the properties of shaped articles of film-forming polyethylene can be substantially improved by allowing energy-rich rays to act thereon in the presence of 1X1018 to 7X1018 molecules per square centimetre of the surface of the shaped article of a gas reacting with polyethylene and crosslinking the shaped article throughout its entire thickness. The rays then penetrate the entire shaped article, improve the properties of the surface obtained by the reaction of the said gas with the polyethylene and at the same time crosslink the polyethylene shaped article uniformly throughout its entire thickness. It can then, for example, be printed well and can also be treated in boiling water because the mechanical thermal propertiese considerably improved. Suitable gases reacting with polyethylene are for example oxygen, or halogens, for instance chlorine or fluorine. It is often preferable to use a mixture of a gas reacting with polyethylene and an indifferent gas, as for example nitrogen argon or carbon dioxide, or a reactive gas, which is under reduced pressure, in a closed vessel of which the wall can readily be penetrated by the rays. It is preferable to use a vessel of metal, glass or similar solid material which has at one point an opening covered with a thin foil of a plastic or metal, such as aluminium or copper, through which the rays can enter. The radiation dosage is controlled so that the desired degree of cross-linking is achieved. That is usually the case when the plastic is no longer capable of plastic deformation and the softening range has been raised sufficiently. Over-cross-linking is to be avoided. The atmospheric oxygen which in the course of time diffuses into the plastic can also oxidise it in the interior. Electrons with an acceleration energy of 2MeV (MeV=millions of electron volts) can penetrate a polyethylene plate of a thickness of about 1 centimetre. If a mixture of an inert gas and about 5 to 20% of oxygen is admitted during the irradiation, any desired degree of oxidation and crosslinking can be obtained by an irradiation dosage between about 1.10G and 1.108 rontgens. For example an electron stream of 2 MeV from a Van de Graaf's high voltage generator may be allowed to act on the plastic at a current intensity of 250 milliamps for a few seconds. The use of gamma rays, neutrons, protons or energy-rich atomic nuclei with a nuclear charge number above 1 is also possible. For example the irradiation with neutrons can be carried out in an atomic pile. The shaped article to be irradiated is enclosed in a vessel closed in an airtight manner, the said vessel consisting of a material which can withstand temperatures up to about 100" C.

and which is not excited by neutrons to a radiation with a long half life period. Materials suitable for this purpose are for example pure graphite, aluminium, lead, pure iron or tin. The said vessel also contains the amount of reaction gas, for example oxygen, necessary for the modification of the surface of the plastic, which depends on the size of the plastic surface to be irradiated. The vessel is then pushed into the interior of the atomic pile or into its.outer chambers. With a neutron flux of about 1011 neutrons per square centimetre per second, a duration of irradiation of about 1 to 12 seconds is necessary. What we claim is : - A process for improving the properties of shaped articles of film-forming polyethylene which comprises acting on the shaped article with energy-rich rays in the presence of lx lO' to 7 X 1018 molecules per square centimetre of the surface of the shaped article of a gas reacting with polyethylene and cross-link ing the shaped article throughout its entire thickness.

* GB784924 (A)

Description: GB784924 (A) ? 1957-10-16

Improvements in and relating to air heaters

Description of GB784924 (A)

PATENT SPECIFICATION Inventor: NICOLAAS GERADTS _ Date of application and filing Complete Specification: Feb 21, 1956. No 5413156. Complete Specification Published: Oct 16, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 64 ( 3), S( 22: 23 D). International Classification:-F 25 h. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements in and relating to Air Heaters We, REMEHA-FABRIEKEN N V,

a Limited Liability Company organised under the laws of The,Netherlands, of Kanaal Zuid 110 Apeldoom, The Netherlands, do hereby dedare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- The invention relates to an air heater comprising one or more ducts for the flow of flue gas transversely of air passages formed by spaced fins on the walls of the ducts. In known air heaters of this kind, the fins are equidistantly spaced and parallel to each other Consequently, the temperature of heated air leaving the heater near the inlet for the hot flue gas is higher than the temperature of air leaving near the outlet for the relatively cold flue gas. The invention aims to avoid this disadvantage. According to the invention, the distance between adjacent fins at the inlet ends of the air passages and also the inlet to outlet ratio of the distance between adjacent fins progressively decreases in the direction towards the outlet of the flue duct so that the temperature of air issuing from the heater is substantially the same throughout the length of the flue duct. In order that the invention may be clearly understood, an example of it will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawing which is a perspective view of an air heater. The heater as illustrated has a series of ducts 1 and 2 for the flow of flue gas upwardly in the direction of the arrow A, that is to say transversely of air passages formed by spaced fins 3 on the walls of the flue ducts. Air can thus flow in the direction of the arrow B in heat exchanging relationship with the flue ducts The entrant air flow is divided into unequal streams by the fins 3, in such a way that more air can issue through the paslPrice 3 s 6 d l i 4,924 sages adjacent the flue gas inlets than through the passages located adjacent the flue gas outlets Since the flue gases are at a higher temperature when they enter the air 50 heater than when they leave it, the air streams issuing from the lowermost passages 4 (adjacent the flue gas inlets) can thus be at a temperature substantially equal to that of the air stream issuing from the other pas 55 sages if the relative cross-sectional areas of the passages at the air inlets and outlets are designed accordingly For this purpose the distance between adjacent fins 3 at the inlet ends of the air passages and also the in 60 let to outlet ratio of the distance between adjacent fins progressively decrease in the direction of the arrow A In the example illustrated in the drawing, the spacing of the fins at the outlet ends of the air passages is 65 substantially equal.

The rate of flow of the heated air issuing through passages adjacent the flue gas inlets is higher than that through passages adjacent the flue gas outlets 70

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* GB784925 (A)

Description: GB784925 (A) ? 1957-10-16

Improved collapsible mattress


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CH340023 (A) FR1141744 (A) CH340023 (A) FR1141744 (A) less Translate this text into Tooltip



PATENT SPECIFICATION 784,925 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: Feb 24, 1956. No 5812156. Application made in Yugoslavia on Feb 26, 1955.

Complete Specification Published: Oct 16, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 52 ( 4), MIB. International Classification:-A 47 c. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improved Collapsible Mattress I, RADIVOJE OBRADOVIC, a citizen of Yugoslavia, of 46, Dobracina, 'Belgrade, Yugoslavia, do hereby declare the invention, for which I pray that a patent may be granted to me, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- This invention relates to an improved collapsible mattress of the air-inflatable type. The mattress according to the invention is of the type (such as is described for example in the British Specification No 159,299) which comprises two sheets of a cover material joined together 'by a series of double seams suitably spaced so as to form a number of tubular bags for the reception of independently inflatable cylindrical tubes, each,closed at one end and provided at the other end with a valve to allow of inflation and deflation. Preferably the mattress is of the usual oblong shape and preferably the seams and the tubular bags formed thereby run longitudinally The bags are left open at one or both ends for the insertion of the inflatable tubes. These tubes may be of about the same length as the bags, or may be half that length, in which case two are required for each tubular bag one being inserted from each end of the bag In either case the valve end of each tube is left accessible for inflation and deflation. The improved mattress according to the present invention includes a separately inflatable air-cushion permanently attached lo, or forming an integral part of, the mattress and situated at that end remote from the valves of the inflatable bags. The air cushion may be of the same width as the mattress portion, in which case all the bags will be closed at the ends adjacent to the air-cushion Or it may be somewhat le s in width that the mattress portion, having room for one bag at each side to be clear of the air cushion; in that case these two bags may be open at both ends to admit half-length inflatable tubes at each end 45 The invention in one of its embodiments is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:Figure 1 is a diagrammatic plan of the mattress 50 Figure 2 is a sectional elevation at II-II of Figure 1. The mattress illustrated comprises two rectangular cover sheets 1, 2 of linen joined together by seven longitudinal rows of double 55 seams 3, 4, which form six tubular bags 5, open at one end for the reception of infilatable cylindrical rubber tubes 6, each provided with a valve (not shown) at the accessible end At the other end of the mattress

there 60 is shown a separately inflatable air cushion 7 permanently attached to, or forming an integral pant of, the mattress. Amongst the special advantages of the mattress of the invention are that it can be 65 made much thinner when inflated than the conventional mattress and is thus economical of space, that its usefulness survives accidental punctures or tears, land that it is readily adaptable to a variety of alternative uses The 70 inflatable tubes are readily removed for repair or replacement In the form illustrated the air-cushion may be used as a seat and the mattress proper, bent to an inverted V and supported by a portable T-piece or rectangular 75 frame, as a back rest; or the air-cushion may be used as a pillow with the mattress proper horizontal.


* GB784926 (A)

Description: GB784926 (A) ? 1957-10-16

Improvements in the production of triazine vat dyestuffs of theanthraquinone series


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CH342321 (A) DE1026456 (B) US2832779 (A) CH342321 (A) DE1026456 (B) US2832779 (A) less Translate this text into Tooltip



PATENT SPECIFICATION 784,926 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: March 28, 1956. No 9646/56. Application made in Germany on March 30, 1955. Complete Specification Published: Oct 16, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Classes 2 ( 3), C 1 82, C 1 E 4 K( 4: 8), C 1 E 5 K( 4: 8), C 1 G( 5 B: 6 A 1), C 2 (A 3: A 14: B 3 A 4: B 3 D: R 18), C 3 A 13 B 3, C 3 A 13 C( 1 C: 9: 10 H); and 2 ( 4), Q 2 A 5. International Classification:-CO 7 d CO 9 b. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements' in the Production of Triazine Vat Dyestuffs of the Anthraquinone Series We, BADISCHE ANILIN & SODA-FABRIK AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, of Ludwigshafen/ Rhein, Germany, a Joint Stock Company, organised under the laws of Germany, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- This invention relates to an improved process of manufacturing vat dyestuffs and to new vat-dyestuffs. Specifications Nos 350,575, 372,123 449,477 described dyestuffs of the general formula: c l UR m Ii 9 t-YM H Nt H-< in which R and R' represent vattable radicals of the anthraquinone series and Ar an aromatic or a heterocyclic radical of aromatic character. These dyestuffs have very valuable properties but could not hitherto be used in practice because the method for their preparation given in each of the said patent specifications, namely the reaction of monoaryl-di-lhalogen-1 3 5triazines with aminoanthraquinones, presupposed the ready accessibility elf the said dihalogen-triazines A possibility for the preparation of the said intermediate products resulted later by reacting dicyandiamide with carboxylic acid chlorides Ar-CO Cl or the corresponding anhydrides to form aroyldicyanamides (see Specification No 574,483), converting these into arovl-biurets (see U S. Patent Specification No 2,401,599) and preparing frorm: the latter by ring closure according to known methods 4-aryl-2 6-dihydroxytriazines in which, also by known 'methods, the hydroxyl groups are exchanged by

chlorine atoms This method of obtaining the said valuable dyestuffs is, however, still too troublelPrice 3 s 6 d l some to make possible a profitable manufacture of the dyestuffs. We have found' that the dyestuffs of the above-mentioned kind are obtained in a simpler way by subjecting a 2 6-diamino-1 3 5-triazine 45 substituted in the 4-position by an aryl group or a heterocyclic group of the said kind (such as are obtained for example according to the German Patent Specification No 731,309 by the reaction of a corresponding carboxylic 50 acid nitrile with dicyandiamide in the presence of a strong base), preferably without isolating it, to saponification by caustic alkali solutions to form the corresponding 2 6-dihydroxy-1 3 5triazine, converting this with phosphorus or 55 sulphur halides in known manner into the 2.6-dihalogen-1 3 5-triazine and reacting the latter with 2 mols of an aminoanthraquinone or a vattable derivative of the aminoanthraquinones, the conversion of the 2 6-dihydroxy 60 1.3 5-triazine into the 2 6-dihalogen-1 3 5triazine and the reaction of the latter with 2 molecules of an aminoanthraquinone or a vattable derivative of the aminoanthraquinone preferably being carried out in the same reac 65 tion medium and in the presence of an acidfinding agent. Starting from a nitrile of the general formula Ar-CN (Ar having the above significance), the new process can be carried out in 70 only two reaction vessels, in contrast to the troublesome known methods requiring many stages Since nitriles of the said kind are often more readily accessible industrially than the corresponding carboxylic acid' halides or 75 anhydrides, the new process has considerably wider possibilities of use Moreover it gives better total yields than the known methods, especially because the wasteful isolation, of intermediate products is dispensed with 80 Furthermore it is surprising that the individual reaction stages of the new process should proceed so stnoothlv that they can be combined with each other without the occurrence of disturbances by side reactions which would be 85 expected. Suitable initial materials for the new process are, inter alia, the 2 6-diamino-1 3 5triazines substituted in 4-position by a radical Ar (Ar having the above significance) and obtainable by the reaction of benzonitrile, naphthonitriles, cyanopyridines, cyanoquinolines, cyanocarbazoles, icyanothiophenes or cyanothiazoles with dicyandiamide; as already stated the 4-substituted diaminotriazines need not be isolated but can be directly saponified, for example with caustic soda solution, to the corresponding 4-substituted 2 6-dihydroxy1.3 5-triazines The said nitriles may contain substituents, such as alkyl groups, aryl groups, aralkyl groups, alkoxy groups, aryloxy groups, alkylsuisphonyl groups, arylsulphonyl groups,

sulplhoniamide groups and/or halogen atoms. The transformation co the 4-substituted 2.6-dihydroxy-1 3 5-triazines (which are obtained by acidification of the saponification mixture) to the 2 6-dihalogen-1 3 5-triazines takes place for example by heating them in the presence or absence of indifferent media, such as nitro-benzene or ortho-chlor-benzene, with phosphorus pentachloride or pentabromide, thionyl chloride or phosphorus oxychloride, it being advantageous to add an acidbinding agent, such as dirnethylaniline. For reaction olf the resultant A-substituted 2 6-dihalogen-13 5-triazines to form dyestuffs there are suitable, inter alia, 1 and 2-aminoanthraquinones and their halogen derivatives, 1-amnino-x-methylsulphonylanthraquinenes, 1aminoanthraquinone x sulphonic acid diaikylamtides (x being in both cases any of the positions from 2 to 8), 1-amino-4 or -5-aroylaminoanthraquinenes, 1 4-diamino-2-acetylanthraquinone, 1 amino 4 alkoxyanthraquinones, 4-amino-1 (N) 2-benzeneacridoneanthraquinone and its derivatives substituted in the benzene nucleus by alkyl, alkylsulphonyl, sulphonamide or alkoxy groups or/and halogen atoms For reaction with the 4-substituted 2.6-dihalogell-1 3 5-triazines, which, if they have been obtained in inert solvents need not b.' isolated as already stated, there may be used 2 molecules of the same aininoanthraquinone compound or two different aminoanthraquinone compounds which -are introduced consecutively or in one operation. The following Examples will further illustrate this invention but the invention is not restricted to these Examples The parts are parts by weight. EXAMPLE 1. A mixture of 10 parts of potassium hydroxide, 100 parts of benzcnitrile, 200 parts of gylcol monomethyl ether and 100 parts of dicyandiamide is gradually heated while stirring to 90 to 1000 C until condensation to the 4-phenyl-2 6-diamino-1 3 5-triazine occurs with spontaneous heating In the case of large batches, provision should be made for well cooling or the dicyandiamide should be added gradually After the reaction has subsided, the whole is boiled for another 4 hours while stirring It is then cooled to 90 g to 1 00 C and 400 parts of 50 % 1 caustic soda solution are allowed to flow in while continuing the stirring Ammonia is thereby ion 70 mediately evolved Proportionally with this evolution, the temperature is raised by heating to 120 to 125 C and the whole further stirred for 8 hours at this temperature Towards the end of this time, the 4-phenyl-2 6 75 dihydroxy-1 3 5-triazine is precipitated as its crystalline disodium salt The whole is then diluted at 90 C with 4,000 parts of water and the cooled solution is filtered, 20 % hydrochloric acid is added to the filtrate until it has 80 been converted into a thick pasty mass by

the separation of the monosodium salt of 4-phenyl2.6 dihydroxy 1 3 5 triazine Upon further addition of 10 % hydrochloric acid until the p H value is about 4, the mass becomes mobile 85 again It is allowed to stand for 5 hours in order to zomnplete the separation of the 4phenyl 2 6 dihydroxy _ 1 3 5 triazine It is filtered off by suction, washed with water and dried at 60 to 100 C The yield is 176 parts, 90 equivalent to 96 % of the theoretical yield. 38 parts of this in 800 parts of nitrobenzene are heated at 100 to 110 C with 92 parts of phosphorus pentachloride The 4-phenyl-2 6dihydroxy-1 3 5-triazine passes into solution 95 after a few minutes with the evolution of hydrogen chloride The phosphorus oxychloride formed is removed at reduced pressure To the remaining solution of 4-phenyl2.6-dichlor-1 3 5-triazine there are then added 100 92 parts of 1-aminoanthraquinone dissolved in 1,000 parts of nitrobenzene, and the whole is stirred for 3 hours at 1200 C It is then allowed to czol and the dyestuff is filtered off by suction, washed with methanol and dried 105 108 parts of the dyestuff of the formula c C 6 N M 2 NZ-Co,,\N" known from Example 1 of the German Patent Specification No 551,884 are obtained. EXAMPLE 2 110 A mixture of 9 parts of potassium hydroxide, parts cf benzonitrile, 190 parts of glycol monomrrethyl ether arnd 82 parts of dicyandiamide is gradually heated to 90 to 100 C while stirring until condensation to 4-phenyl 115 2.6-diaaminc-1 35-triazine commences with spontaneous heating After the reaction has subsided the whole is boiled for 4 hours while stirring 480 parts of 50 % caustic soda solution are added at 90 to 100 C and the whole 120 -784,926 to 120 C until all has passed into solution. The phosphorus oxychloride formed is distilled off under reduced pressure, 56 parts of 1 4diamino-2-acetylanthraquinone are added to the remaining solution and stirred for 3 hours at 170 C After cooling, the dyestuff formed is filtered off by suction, washed with methanol and dried T Ilhe yield amounts to 61 parts, The dyestuff is identical with that prepared according to paragraph 3 of Example 2. A dyestuff of similar brilliance is obtained by using, instead of 4-phenyl-2 6-dihydroxy1.3 5-triazine, the 4-( 31-tolyl)-2 6-dihydroxy1.3 5-triazine, prepared in an analogous manner. EXAMPLE 4. A solution of 79 parts of 4-phenyl-2 6dichlor-1 3 5 -triazine in 800 parts of nitrobenzene is prepared according to Example 1 and there is added thereto a solution of 250 parts of 1 amino 5 benzoylaminoanthraquinone in 4,000 parts of nitrobenzene at C The whole is then stirred for 3 hours at 120 C, allowed to cool, the resultant dyestuff of the formula is stirred for 8 hours at 120 to 125

C It is diluted with 4,000 parts of water, and carbon dioxide is led into the filtered solution at room temperature until there is no further separation of the monosodium salt of 4-phenyl2.6-dihydroxy-1 3 5-triazine It is filtered off by suction, the salt dissolved at 40 C in 8,000 parts of water and weakly acidified with glacial acetic acid (p H = 6) After standing fcr several hours, the well crystallised 4-phenyl2.6-dilhydroxy-1 3 5-triazine is filtered off, washed with a little water and dried at 60 to C The yield amounts to 149 parts, equivalent to 81 %, of the theoretical yield. 150 parts of the product thus obtained are introduced into a mixture of 360 parts of phosphorus pentachloride and 150 parts of phosphorus oxychloride and heated while stirring under reflux until all has dissolved giving a clear solution After stirring further for an hour at boiling temperature, it is allowed to cool while stirring The cold mobile reaction mixture is forced from the reaction vessel while stirring into a mixture of 14,000 parts of ice and water After slow stirring for 30 to minutes, the -4-phenyl-2 6-dichlor-1 3 5triazine which has been obtained in crystalline form is brought onto a sulction filter, washed with a large amount of water and dried at 30 to 40 C at reduced pressure For purification it is dissolved in 5 times the amount by weight of trichloroethylene at about 50 C, the solution allowed to cool and amorphous impurities filtered off By evaporating the filtrate, very pure 4-phenyl-2 6-dichlor-1 3 5-triazine is obtained. 60.5 parts of 4-phenyl-2 6-dichlor-1 3 5triazine are stirred for 3 hours at 170 C with parts of 1 4 diamino 2 acetylanthraquinone and 2,200 parts of trichlorbenzene. After cooling, the dyestuff formed is filtered off by suction, washed with methanol and dried 163 parts of a blue dyestuff of the formula CH 1 C ? t_-t cc v,,,% are obtained which dyes cotton brilliant reddish-blue shades from a dark grey-green vat. EXAMPLE 3. 18 9 parts of the 4-phenyl-2 6-dihydroxy1.3 5-triazine obtained according to the first paragraph of either Example 1 or Example 2 are stirred with 44 parts of phosphorus pentachloride in 800 parts of nitrobenzene at 100 Iih 11 t _Cs OACis filtered off by suction, washed with methanol and dried The yield amounts to 260 parts. The dyestuff, obtained as an orange coloured powder, dyes cotton brilliant orange-yellow shades from a dark red vat. EXAMPLE 5. parts of ortho-methoxybenzonitrile are reacted with 100 parts of dicyandiamide and parts of potassium hydroxide in 200 parts of glycol monomethyl ether in accordance with the statements in Example 1 After the reaction has subsided, it is stirred for 3 hours at boiling

temperature Then 300 parts of 50 % caustic soda solution are allowed to flow in at C, the whole is again brought to boiling and stirred until the evolutioni of ammonia has ceased It is then diluted at 80 C with 6,000 parts of water To the filtered solution there is first added 20 % hydrochloric acid until the mass has become thick and then 10 % hydrochloric acid until an' acid reaction against litmus is obtained After then allowing to stand for 5 hours, the 4-( 2 L-methoxyiphenyl)-2 6dihydroxy-1 3 5-triazine is filtered off by suction, washed with a little water and dried The yield amounts to 88 % of the theoretical yield. 132 parts of this compound are heated with 600 parts of phosphorus oxychloride and 280 784,926 parts of phosphorus pentachloride under reflux until all has passed into solution The phosphorus oxychloride ( 400 parts is then distilled off at reduced pressure and the cooled semisolid mass is stirred into 3,000 parts of icewater After stirring for half an hour, the precipitate is collected cn a suction, filter and washed thoroughly with water It is dried at about 40 C at reduced pressure The crude 4 ( 2 'methoxyphenyl) 2 6 dichlor 1 3 5triazine thus obtained is used directly for the production of dyestuffs By dissolution in and reprecipitation from ortho-dichlorbenzene the pure compound of the melting point 134 to 135 C can be obtained therefrom in 80 % yield. 14.4 parts of the crude product are dissolved in 80 parts of nitrobenzene, filtered free from the slight insoluble deposit and mnixe: at 50 C with a solution, heated to 50 C, of 29 parts of 1-amino-4-methoxyanthraquinone in 420 parts of nitrobenzene The whole is heated to 110 C and this temperature is maintained for 3 hours while stirring continuously. The dyestuff precipitated after cooling as copper red crystals is filtered off by suction and washed with methanol It is identical with the dyestuff of the formula 1 OCH 3 \\ II N c c Ha Cot 3 N /\jat > N\ 1 o 7 a 3 known from Example 2 of the German Patent Specification No 637,937 The yield amounts to 32 parts It dves cotton brilliant scarlet shades from a pale red vat. EXAMPLE 6. A mixture of 13 7 parts of ortho-chlorbenzcnitrile, 9 2 parts of dicyandiamide, 1 5 parts of potassium hydroxide and 20 parts of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether is boiled for 3 hours under reflux It is allowed to cool to about 90 C; then 40 parts of 50 % caustic soda solution are added and the whole is boiled for 9 hours It is then diluted at 90 C with 800 parts of water and the cooled solution is filtered 20 %' hydrochloric acid is added to the filtrate until the p H value 4 is reached After standing for 5 hours, the crystalline

precipitate is filtered off by suction, washed with a little water and dried at 60 to 100 C The yield cf 4-( 21-chlorphenyl)2.6-dihydroxy-1 3 5-triazine amounts to 84 %O of the theoretical yield 56 parts of 4 ( 2 ' chlorphenyl) 2 6dihydroxy-1 3 5-triazine are heated with 115 parts of phosphorus pentachloride and 180 parts of phosphorus oxychloride while stirring under reflux until all has dissolved to give a clear solution After stirring for a further hour at boiling temperature it is allowed to cool. Thle reaction mixture is forced from the reaction vessel into a stirred mixture of 4,000 parts of ice and water After stirring for 45 minutes, the crystalline 4-( 2 '-chlorpenyl)-2 6-dichlor1.3 5-triazine is filtered off by suction, washed thoioughly with water and dried at 30 to C The product can be purified by dissolution in and reprecipitation from trichlorethylene as described in the second paragraph of Example 2 The compound thus obtained in a yield of 58 parts melts at 152 to 154 C. 26 parts of 4-(ortho-chlorphenyl)-2 6dichlor-1 3 5-triazine are heated with 56 parts of 1 4-dianmino-2-acetyl-anthraquinone and 90 parts of nitrobenzene for 2 hours while stirring at 170 C After cooling, the dyestuff is filtered off by suction, washed with methanol and dried 54 parts of a blue dyestuff of the formula are obtained which dyes cotton reddish-blue shades from a grey-green vat. EXAMPLE 7. A solution of 22 6 parts of 4-phenyl-2 6-dichlor-1 3 5-triazine in 1,500 parts cf anhydrous nitrobenzene is prepared in a manner similar to that described in Example 1 To this solution 34 2 parts of 1-amino-4-benzoylaminoanthraquinone are added and the mixture is heated to 110 C in the course of one hour while stirring The mixture is kept stirring at this temperature for 3 hours, then 28 parts of 1.4-diamino-2-acetylanthraquinone are added and the temperature is rapidly raised to 150 C. Stirring is continued at this temperature for 2 hours, then the mixture is allowed to cool to about 100 C when the dyestuff is filtered cff by suction and washed with nitrobenzene and methanol 71 parts of a blue-black dyestuff having the formula 784,926 CO 4 O=C t N ^ 2 "Q%"_sf C-N Tim-Co-C,,4 are obtained which dyes cotton deep violet shades from a deep brown-red at. EXAMPLE 8. Using the same procedure as in the preceding Exalmple 34 2 parts of 1-amino-5benzoylaminoanthraquinone are used instead of 1 amino 4 benzoylaminoanthraquinone 70 parts of a vat dyestuff having the formula c& CHO Nare obtained which dyes cotton deep olivegreen shades. EXAMPLE 9. A solution of 22 6 parts of 4-phenyl-2 6dichlor 1 3 5 triazine in

1,200 parts of anhydrous nitrobemnzene is prepared in a manner similar to that described in Example 1. To this solution 22 3 parts of 1-aminoanthraquinone are added Then the mixture is heated to 120 C in the course of one fhour while stirring After stirring for 3 more hours at this temperature, 28 parts of 1 4-diamino-2-acetylanthraquinone are added, the temperature is raised to 150 C and stirring is continued at this temperature for 2 hours After cooling to about 100 C the dyestuff is filtered off by suction and washed first with nitrobenzene and then with methanol A dyestuff having the following formula C 05 v C\ ?H 3 II C is obtained with a yield of about 60 parts It dyes cotton clear yellow-green shades from a brown-black vat


* GB784927 (A)

Description: GB784927 (A) ? 1957-10-16

Improvements in or relating to rulers


PATENT SPECIFICATION 7849927 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: May 24, 1956. No 16062/56. Complete Specification Published: Oct 16, 1957. Index at acceptance: -Class 97 ( 3), K. International Classification:-B 43 h. COMIPETE SPECI'FCATION Improvements in or relating to Rulers I, ROBERT NIGHTINGALE, la British subject, of 277, Hidgh Road, Ilford, Essex, do hereby declare the invention, for which I pray that a patent may be

granted to me, and the method by which it is to be performed, to, be particularly described in and by the following statement: - This invention relates to rulers of the kind wherein two elongated members or bars are connected together so as to be movable in relation to each other but to remain parallel to each other. The user applies pressure with his hand or fingers to the bar nearer to him to hold it in adjusted position and then adjusts the other bar to the required position and must hold this in place also by finger pressure while using it for drawing a line Considerable pressure may however be required to hold the bars in place and sometimes they move towards each other or tilt as a whole. According to the present invention each of the bars is provided with at least two friction elements made of friction gripping matenial e g rubber which extends below the under surface of the bar, said elements being in the form of rings held in annular grooves concentric with the link pivots These elements permit sliding of the bar over the drawing or other work when required but militate against inadvertent slipping when pressure is applied to hold the bars to the paper. Preferably the bars are made of transparent material and are connected by links pivoted thereto, and the friction, elements are located under the ends of the links at or adjacent the pivots so as not so obscure the view of the user The bars may each have a linger lknob located midway between the link pivots. The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein: Figure 1 is a plan view of a ruler made in accordance with the invention, with one link removed; and Figure 2 is a sectional view on the line 2-2 on Figure 1. The ruler comprises two bars 10, 11 made of transparent synthetic plastic material The bars have vertical opposed surfaces 12, 13 and the other edges are chamfered and provided with scale markings to facilitate drawing and measuring The bars are connected together by two links 15 of which one is shown in the drawings These links are pivotally conneoted at each end to the bars by screws 16 that are screwed into tapped holes 117 in the bars, a washer 118 being interposed between the links and the bars The holes 17 are countersunk at 19 and the pivot of a cutting tool is placed in the countersunk hole and serves for cutting a groove 20 in the under surface of the bar concentric with the hole A friction element in the form of a rubber ring 21 is secured in tis groove by an adhesive. Thus each bar has a pair of friction elements spaced apart equidistantly from the middle position of the bar Each bar is provided at the middle position with a finger knob 22 so that pressure on tis knob causes equal frictional grip to occur at the spaced friction elements.

The friction elements or rings extend slightly below the under surface of the bars to an extent of about one millimetre The diameter of the rings is about equal to the diameter of the rounded ends of the,inks 15 so that the rings are as large as possible without unduly,obscuring the work.
