46541690 lateral thinking presentation

8/20/2019 46541690 Lateral Thinking Presentation

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Lateral Thinking

By M. Allen Firester on behalf

of IS68; Mr. Fralin, principal.


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Italian ork!an ants a "ob

• An Italian workman wants a job, but the foremanwon't hire him until he passes a little math test.

• 'Here's your first question,' the foreman said.

'Without using numbers, represent the number.'

• 'Withouta numbers!' the Italian says, '"atsaeasy.' and he pro#eeds to draw three trees.

• 'What's this!' the boss asks.• 'A$e you gota no brain! %ree and tree and tree

makes a nine,' says the Italian.


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• '&air enough,' says the boss. 'Here's yourse#ond question. se the same rules, but this

time the number is .'• %he Italian stares into spa#e for a while, then

pi#ks up the pi#ture that he has just drawn and

makes a smudge on ea#h tree . '(re you go.'

• %he boss s#rat#hes his head and says, 'How onearth do you get that to represent !'

• '(a#ha of da trees is a dirty now. )o, it's dirty

tree, and dirty tree, and dirty tree. "atsa a .'


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• %he boss is getting worried that he's going

to a#tually ha$e to hire this Italian, so he

says, 'All right, last question.

• )ame rules again, but represent thenumber *++.'

• %he Italian stares into spa#e some more,then he pi#ks up the pi#ture again and

makes a little mark at the base of ea#h

tree and says, '(re you go. ne hundred.'


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• %he boss looks at the attempt. '-ou mustbe nuts if you think that represents ahundred'

• /-ou're going to lo$e this one0

• %he Italian leans forward and points to

the marks at the base of ea#h tree andsays, 'A little doga #ome along and shitaby ea#ha tree. )o now you gota dirty treeand a turd, dirty tree and a turd, and dirtytree and a turd, data makea one hundred. )o, whenna I start!


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$istorical perspecti%e&

• Tho'gh (ctional the follo)ing *e!onstratesthe po)er of lateral thinking& itness thes'ccess of the ca*et "a!es T. +irk Later-nterprise aptain/ in star 0eet aca*e!y&

• +irk ha* the *istinction of being the only ca*ete%er to beat the 1no2)in1 +obayashi Mar'scenario; he ha* secretly reprogra!!e* thesi!'lation co!p'ter, !aking it possible to )in

an* earning hi!self a co!!en*ation fororiginal thinking. hen aske* ho) he )asable to )in against this no2)in sit'ation, hesai*, 3I change* the r'les.4


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• 5a'ss sho)e* in*ications of

!athe!atical geni's %ery early. $isteacher ga%e the st'*ents anassign!ent to a** 'p a series of 77n'!bers. Instantly, 5a'ss sai* that he

ha* co!plete* the eercise the storygoes that he ha* (g're* that 100 n'!bers co'l* be *eter!ine* by thee9'ation n(a+b)(1/2)=50(a+b) )heren=100, a = the (rst *igit in these9'ence an* b = the last *igit in these9'ence./


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Let !e sho) yo' ho) he *i*it.

S'ppose yo' )ante* to s'! 'p&

: 6 < 8

=otice that : 8 > ? Also : 6 >?. There are @ pairs of ?. ? @ >@6.

o'l* this be any *ierent for the

s'! of the *igits to 7 hat is thes'! $o) !any pairs hat is thetotal


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Is this C'st *e*'cti%e or

in*'cti%e reasoning

Dr )as hethinking o'tsi*e

the bo


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• Eears ago e%eryone )ante* to kno) )hyhe!ical Bank )as able to reconcile

al!ost all of their acco'nts at the en* ofthe *ay an* a%oi* !assi%e )rite2os totheir s'spension acco'nt sa%ing !illions/. The ans)er )as that at ?&77 p! *aily, allof the people in%ol%e* bro'ght their coeeto the conference roo! for a brainstor!ingsession. They fo'n* !atches )here thereappeare* to be none. This )as the (rstinstance I ha* seen (rst2han* of the po)erof lateral thinking.


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• As -instein re!in*s 's, 3Problemscannot be solved by thinking within theframework in which they were created.4

• $e )as, of co'rse, all'*ing to proble!sthat are 'n's'al in nat're or plag'ing to

society.• There are !any instances of scientists or

social scientists )ho ha%e ha*breakthro'ghs *'e to creati%e thinking.


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e Bono i*enti(es fo'r

critical factors associate*)ith lateral thinking&

• recogniGe *o!inant i*eas that polariGe

the perception of a proble!• Searching for *ierent )ays of looking at

things

• relaation of rigi* control of thinking an*• 'se of chance to enco'rage other i*eas.


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Lateral thinking is o'r e*gein the global !arketplace.

• r. harles Hrather +eynote speaker/&

• http&))).botto!lineinno%ation.co!:77inn.ht!

• http&))).botto!lineinno%ation.co!o'tJofJtheJboJ%i*eoJh!.)!%

• http&))).botto!lineinno%ation.co!kaiJcreati%ityJh!.)!%

• Talks of 3Agents of change %s agentsof stability.4


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The r'les for lateral thinking

are that there are no r'les.


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Lateral thinking

• Is act'ally a for! of *i%ergent thinking,)hich is also kno)n as creati%e thinking.

• S'pports higher le%el cogniti%e skills like&

pre*icting, hypothesiGing, inferring, orreconstr'cting.

• In proble! sol%ing the 'se of lateral

thinking is often follo)e* by con%ergentthinking that allo)s 's to s'!!ariGe o'r(n*ings.


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Lateral thinking s'pports&

• The )orkshop !o*el

• Acco'ntable talk

• ritical thinking• Hrocess skills


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K'otations

• A. A. MIL=-: • Dne of the a*%antages of being *isor*erly is that one is constantly !aking eciting

*isco%eries.• • AT$ +D-STL-: • reati%ity is a type of learning process )here the teacher an* p'pil are locate* in the

sa!e in*i%i*'al.• • B-ATIN HDTT-: • Thank goo*ness I ne%er )ent to school; it )o'l* ha%e r'bbe* o so!e of the originality.• • B+MI=ST- FLL-: • hen I a! )orking on a proble! I ne%er think abo't bea'ty. I only think abo't ho) to

sol%e the proble!. B't )hen I ha%e (nishe*, if the sol'tion is not bea'tif'l, I kno) it is)rong.

• • -A - BD=D: • It is better to ha%e eno'gh i*eas for so!e of the! to be )rong, than to be al)ays right

by ha%ing no i*eas at all.• • MATI= LT$- +I=5 ".: • $'!an sal%ation lies in the han*s of the creati%ely !ala*C'ste*.


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Lateral thinking can start )ith)hat is alrea*y recogniGable

• Ois'aliGations, an* pattern recognition !ayat ti!es lea* to int'iti%e inspiration.

• At so!e point, tho'gh, yo' nee* to step

back to look at alternati%es. o'l* be af'nction of HD/

• Lateral thinking in%ol%es pattern2breaking,thinking o'tsi*e the bo an* creati%e )aysof looking at the sit'ation.

• So!eti!es a ne) !etho* or ne) sol'tionbeco!es apparent that is !ore ePcient thanthe ob%io's.


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• Divergent----> Many possible answers


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$ere is an eercise in lateralthinking&

• Three s)itches o'tsi*e a )in*o)lessroo! are connecte* to three lightb'lbs insi*e the roo!. $o) can yo'

*eter!ine )hich s)itch is connecte*to )hich b'lb if yo' !ay enter theroo! only once

• IQll gi%e yo' so!e ti!e to *isc'ss this)ith yo'r gro'p.


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Hossible Sol'tion

• S)itch one light on for a !in'te; t'rnit o an* t'rn on another one.

• 5o into the roo! an* feel the o2b'lbs.

• The )ar! one is connecte* to the(rst s)itch an* the on2b'lb isconnecte* to the secon* s)itch.


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Another one&

• A !an is hanging fro! a rope in alocke* roo!. Belo) hi! is a p'**leof )ater. $o) *i* he hang hi!self

• o yo' nee* so!e cl'es


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l'es&

• There is no f'rnit're. hen he h'nghi!self, the puddle )as not there...

• Think abo't it )ith yo'r gro'p.


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Hossible sol'tion&

• The p'**le is all that is left of a largeblock of ice. The !an stoo* on this inor*er to hang hi!self...


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$ere is a !ath proble!22

• $o) can yo' *i%i*e horses so that person gets R, another gets an*the last person gets 6


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Hossible sol'tion22

• Eo' can a** a horse fro! yo'r o)nstock. Then gi%e the (rst person 6horses, the secon* ? horses an* the

thir* @ horses. That !akes horsesthat are gi%en o't.

• Eo' can no) take yo'r horse back.

• Is there anything )rong )ith thisthinking

• oes it sol%e the proble!, tho'gh


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$o) co'l* yo' *i%i*e a s9'are into e9'al pieces Think of all thepossibilities.

Materials s'pplie*& S9'are paper,pencils, r'lers an* scissors.

se the paper s'pplie* to test yo'r

sol'tions.


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i* yo' consi*er any ofthese


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e(nition& ateral !"in#ing($ro%: In(nite Inno%ations Lt*/

• Si!ilar to reati%e Thinking also calle**i%ergent thinking/. Seeking to sol%e proble!sby 'northo*o or apparently illogical !etho*s.

•1A set of syste!atic techni9'es 'se* forchanging concepts an* perceptions an*generating ne) ones3

• 1-ploring !'ltiple possibilities an*

approaches instea* of p'rs'ing a singleapproach.1 -*)ar* *e Bono, originator of thephrase/


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hy isnQt critical thinking afor! of lateral thinking

• ritical thinking is pri!arily concerne*)ith C'*ging the tr'th %al'e of state!entsan* seeking errors. Lateral thinking is

!ore concerne* )ith the !o%e!ent%al'e of state!ents an* i*eas. A person)o'l* 'se lateral thinking )hen they)ant to !o%e fro! one kno)n i*ea to

creating ne) i*eas. It can also be p't as,critical thinking is like a post2!orte!)hile lateral thinking is like *iagnosis.


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hen starting a ne) 'nit22

• If yo' ask !any tantaliGing an**i%ergent 9'estions in yo'r classroo!,yo'r st'*ents are likely to !o*el after

yo'r beha%ior for ea!ple, 1hat )o'l*ha%e happene* if Lincoln )as shot inthe (rst !onth of the )ar hy *i*Lincoln only free the sla%es in the rebelstates $o) *i* it feel to be a )o!an inthe path of Sher!anUs ar!y1

I i it ti


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Increasing )ait ti!eincreases the probability

that st'*ents )ill thinkcreati%ely

• esearch into )ait2ti!e for A!erican

classroo!s paints a *istressing pict're.Many teachers )ait less than t)o secon*sfor the ans)er to each 9'estion an* askh'n*re*s of 9'estions per ho'r. Thesetypes of 9'estions are generally recall9'estions *e!an*ing little tho'ght.


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Lateral Thinking oftenbegins )ith brainstor!ing

• The fo'r r'les of brainstor!ing&

• . all contrib'tions are accepte* )itho't C'*g!ent;

• @. the goal is a large n'!ber of i*eas or9'estions;

• ?. b'il*ing on other peopleUs i*eas is

enco'rage*;• . Far2o't, 'n's'al i*eas are

enco'rage*.


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Try %is'al brainstor!ing

• In the :77Qs, Leonar*o *a Oincie!ploye* both *ra)ings an* )or*sto *escribe his incre*ible i*eas an*

in%entions. By 'sing sketches )ithcaptions, his concepts beca!e clear,eciting graphic presentations. An*

)e think Lenny ha* it right.


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Leonardo da Vinci's concept for a helicopter

used both his inventive sketch and descriptive words.

* b i hi h


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In !o*ern b'siness this hasle* to bla!estor!ing

here a gro'p of people gather to*isc'ss )hat )ent )rong an* )ho isto bla!e for a proCectUs fail're.

Si!ilar to the brainstor!ing r'les,bla!estor!ing re9'ires %ast 0o)s of)il* an* eaggerate* i*eas )ith an

initial e!phasis on 9'antity ratherthan 9'ality.


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ItUs also legiti!ate that bla!e gi%enby one participant can be b'ilt on byothers. $o)e%er, 'nlikebrainstor!ing, bla!estor!ing

re9'ires total criticis! an* C'*g!entof i*eas, an* an i*eaUs )orth is*epen*ent on the !anage!ent le%el

of the person gi%ing it.

D h h * f *i


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Dther !etho*s for *i%ergentthinking

• Breaking co!ponents into sectionsfor !o*'lar analysis

• +eeping a Co'rnal

• Free)riting

• Min* an* s'bCect !apping


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Divergent t"in#ing&'estions begin wit"

t"ese wors or p"rases:• %agine***

• 'ppose***

• reit***

• $***, t"en***

• .ow %ig"t***

• an yo' reate***• "at are so%e possible onse&'enes***


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Examples of divergentthinking questions:

an yo' i!agine )ays that soccer typi(es Meicanc'lt'reS'ppose that aesar ne%er ret'rne* to o!e fro!5a'l. o'l* the -!pire ha%e eiste*hat pre*ictions can yo' !ake regar*ing theb'*get *e(cit if Mcain ha* )on$o) !ight life in the year @77 *ier fro! to*ay The co!p'ter corrects spelling. Is it then'nnecessary for thir* gra*ers to take spelling tests


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Dther possible acti%ities&

• St'*ents )ill create a sala* to go )iththe rea*ing of one of the alter eanMayerQs no%els. hat sala* )o'l*

be appropriate an* )hy *oesanyone think of !acaroni sala* orpotato sala*/

• hat kin* of rock )o'l* be best forconstr'ction an* )hy hat !akesconcrete so *'rable


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• If I )ere an ani!al that co'l*

possibly s'r%i%e on Mars, )hatani!al )o'l* I be an* )hy

• hy )alls are a great )ay to allo)

st'*ents the latit'*e for eploringne) concepts.

• e nee* to take historical e%ents an*

relate the! to to*ayQs proble!s$o) can )e sol%e o'r i!!igrationproble! to*ay/


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!ight at (rst see! 3silly4

b't st'*ents nee* to befree* fro! the or*inary inor*er to ea!ine the

etraor*inary.It is precisely for this reason

that eBono *e%ise* the'se HD


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HD is a !etho* by )hich

yo' intro*'ce&

• an*o! -ntry

• Hro%ocation• hallenge


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• ano% ntry& hoose an obCect atran*o!, or a no'n fro! a *ictionary,an* associate that )ith the area yo'

are thinking abo't.


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• For ea!ple i!agine yo' are thinkingabo't ho) to i!pro%e ikipe*ia.

hoosing an obCect at ran*o! fro! anoPce yo' !ight see a fa !achine. A fa!achine trans!its i!ages o%er the phoneto paper. Fa !achines are beco!ing

rare. Heople sen* faes *irectly to kno)nphone n'!bers. Herhaps this !akes yo'think of pro%i*ing )ays to e!be* )ikiarticles in e!ails an* other )ebsites, as is*one )ith yo't'be %i*eos. oes itsti!'late other ikipe*ia i*eas for yo'


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• rovoation& eclare the 's'alperception o't of bo'n*s, or pro%i*eso!e pro%ocati%e alternati%e to the

's'al sit'ation 'n*er consi*eration.Hre( the pro%ocation )ith the ter!UHo1 to signal that the pro%ocation is

not a %ali* i*ea p't 'p for C'*g!entb't a sti!'l's for ne) perception.


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• onsi*er the state!ent 3HD 2arssho'l* ha%e s9'are )heels.1 henconsi*ere* )ith critical thinking, this

)o'l* be e%al'ate* as a poors'ggestion an* *is!isse* asi!practical.


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• The lateral thinking treat!ent of the

sa!e state!ent )o'l* be tospec'late )here it lea*s.

• $'!or is taken intentionally )ith

lateral thinking. A person )o'l*i!agine 1as if1 this )ere the case,an* *escribe the eects or 9'alities.


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• So!eone !ight obser%e& square wheels )o'l* pro*'ce %ery pre*ictable b'!ps. If

b'!ps can be pre*icte*, then s'spensioncan be *esigne* to co!pensate.

• This lea*s to the i*ea of acti%es'spension. A sensor connecte* tos'spension co'l* ea!ine the roa*s'rface ahea* on cars )ith ro'n* )heelstoo. A car co'l* ha%e a sensor for

*eter!ining )hen it )as going to hit ab'!p that fee*s back to s'spension that)o'l* kno) to co!pensate.


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• The initial 1pro%ocati%e1 state!enthas been left behin*, b't it has alsobeen 'se* to in*irectly generate the

ne) an* potentially !ore 'sef'l i*ea.


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$ere is another ea!ple&

• HD V S'ppose )e co'l* control the )aytraPc lights change

• Act'ally, this is being teste* no) in

=e) Eork )ith special b's ro'tes thatha%e sensors to keep the lights greentill the b's passes.

• In harlotte, =, the lights co'nt *o)nfro! 67 secon*s to let yo' kno) ho)long yo' ha%e before the traPc 0o)s.


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• "allenge& Si!ply challenge the)ay things ha%e al)ays been *one orseen, or the )ay they are.

• This is *one not to sho) there isanything )rong )ith the eistingsit'ation b't si!ply to *irect yo'rperceptions to eploring o'tsi*e the

c'rrent area.


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• For ea!ple yo' co'l* challenge coeec'ps being pro*'ce* )ith a han*le.

There is nothing )rong )ith coee c'psha%ing han*les so the challenge is a*irection to eplore )itho't *efen*ing

the stat's 9'o. The reason for thehan*le see!s to be that the c'p is oftentoo hot to hol* *irectly. Herhaps coeec'ps co'l* be !a*e )ith ins'late* (nger

grips, or there co'l* be separate coeec'p hol*ers si!ilar to beer hol*ers.

an !ilk containers be


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an !ilk containers bes9'are

• TheyQ%e C'st beg'n pro*'cing gallon!ilk containers that are s9'are.

• Heople *onQt like it or arenQt 'se* to it

b't..• It sa%es a great *eal of ti!e an*

epense in shipping.

• It is a !ore ePcient )ay to package.• So!eone )as *e(nitely 3thinking

o'tsi*e the bo.4

HD is 'se* to alert people


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HD is 'se* to alert peoplethat yo' are abo't to !ake a

so!e)hat o'trageo'sre!ark.

HD can be 'se* for&• Hro%ocation or hallenge• an*o! Inp't

• -scape


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Ho& Hro%ocation

• 3o'r basi ways to reate aprovoation:

• -NA55-ATID=

• -O-SAL

• ISTDTID=

• IS$FL T$I=+I=5


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HD Hro%ocation 2ea!ples

• HD 2 The batht'b is only half f'll

• HD 2 The traPc lights ne%er changecolor

• HD 2 The angles of a triangle *onQttotal 87 *egrees

HD * I t


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HD& an*o! Inp't• D'r thinking target is A!b'lances. e )ant ne)

i*eas on A!b'lances.• I open the *ictionary at ran*o! an* stop at the (rst

1no'n thing )or*1 that I (n*.

• Firth& Ar! of sea; est'ary. D+ thatUs itW

• o state%ent: 4%b'lanes po rt"• If a (rth is an ar! of the sea that s'ggest

so!ething C'tting o't. o'l* there be a co'ple ofbicycles strappe* to the si*es of a!b'lances to get

into *iPc'lt spots

Ho& -scape


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Ho& -scape

• ith -SAH- )e are *e%eloping the habit ofasking& 1Is it necessary to *o things this)ay3

• -a!ple& reit ars po benet*

• !"is is a "osen state%ent rat"er t"anrano% one*

• 1re*it car*s po bene(t1 !eans 1instea* ofseeing or *esigning a cre*it car* aro'n* the

concept of Ubene(tU ho) else !ight )e *othings


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-plorati%e rea*ings

• Teachers )ill rea* the osen Articlean* the Analysis K'estions at theen*. hich of these 9'estions inspire

critical thinking an* )hich *o yo'think !ight lea* to creati%e or lateralthinking an yo' create another

9'estion that inspires creati%ity• Teachers sho'l* practice 'sing HD

)hen *isc'ssing this.

Hroble! sol%ing is not C'st


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Hroble! sol%ing is not C'stfor !ath

• In design, a proble! is any sit'ation)here yo' ha%e an opport'nity to!ake a *ierence, to !ake things

better.• hene%er yo' are thinking creati%ely

an* critically abo't )ays to increase

the 9'ality of life or to a%oi* a*ecrease in 9'ality/, yo' are acti%elyin%ol%e* in proble! sol%ing.

o) e se can )e 'se


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o) e se can )e 'seproble! sol%ing an* lateral

thinking• Tea!ing• Inter*isciplinary proCects

• Aca*e!y the!es

hy *o )e nee* lateral


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hy *o )e nee* lateralthinking in A!erica

• -*ison sai*, 3In%ention is XXYperspiration an* Y inspiration.4

• hat )o'l* happen to o'r society if )e

co'l* increase inspiration to @:Y of the!i

• o'l* )e (n* a c're for cancer

• o'l* )e create the (rst engine that)ill bring 's to space eplorationbeyon* o'r solar syste!

$o) can )e gi%e !ore than


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$o) can )e gi%e !ore than77Y

• If& A B - F 5 $ I " + L M = D H K S T O N E Z Is represente* as& @ ? : 6 < 8 X 7 @ ? :

6 < 8 X @7 @ @@ @? @ @: @6.• .-4--D--6- - 7

88@? :8 > X8Y


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• 7-8-6---- D-9-

:@? @: X6Y

• 4-!-!--!-- D-

@7@7X@7 @: > 77Y


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B't Thinking222

• T2$2I2=2+2I2=25

• @7 8 X X < >X@Y an* *oing this laterally,

critically, se9'entially or e%englobally, p'ts yo' o%er 77Y

46541690 lateral thinking presentation

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