4896 4900.output

* GB785303 (A)

Description: GB785303 (A) ? 1957-10-23

Improvements in or relating to rollers for the application of paint and thelike

Description of GB785303 (A)

PATENT SPECIFICATION l)ate of filing Comni-Plete Specification: Sept 29, 1955. Application Date June J 29, 1954 No 19091 /54. Com'zplete 'Specification, Pzibliqhed: Oct 23 19 i,7. Index at Acceptance:-Classes 34 ( 1), F; and 95, B 1. International Classification:-B 05. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION. Improvements in or relating to Rollers for the Application of Paint and the like. I, RICHARD MASON, a British Subject, of 3 Langdale Gardens, Hove 3, Sussex, do hereby declare the invention, for which I pray that a patent may be granted to me, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- This invention relates to rollers of the kind that are used, as an alternative to brushes, for the application of paints and the like These rollers are normally surfaced with a material such as wool and the usual method of coating the roller with paint is to pour the paint into a tray and dip the roller periodically into this. The present invention provides a roller device for applying paint and the like, comprising a cylinder which can be filled with paint, a roller comprising a hollow rotary il 10 drum, a feed-pipe to lead the paint from the cylinder to the drum interior, a valve adjustable to regulate the flow of paint through the feed-pipe, which valve is not biased to any particular position of adjustment and is thus adapted to maintain any adjustment to which it is set, and a spring-urged piston or plunger working in the cylinder to force paint through the feed-pipe to the drum interior, the circtumferential drum wall' having apertures arranged to allow flow of paint from the drum interior

through said wall. One form of construction in accordance with the invention will now be described by way of example, and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:Figure 1 shows the paint-supplying means, partly in section; Figure 2 is a section on the line 2-2 of Figure 1, and Figure 3 shows the roller-bearing head of the device in section. lPric The device to be described has paint feed means (Figures 1 and 2) comprising a cylinder 11 with a spring-loaded piston 12 working therein The cylinder has a bayonet-jointed end cap 13 through which the piston can be withdrawn and inserted, and the spring 14 urging the piston 12 acts to force the paint from the cylinder 11 through a feed-pipe 15 leading from the opposite end thereof The feed-pipe 15 is supplied through a control valve 34 mounted externally on the end of the cylinder 11 to regulate the flow of paint The valve 34 comprises a rotary plug 35, extending transversely through a bore 38 in a valve housing 37, and itself having a bore 38 which can be brought into and out of register with a bore 36 by rotating the plug by means of a control lever 39. The piston 12 has a rod 16 extending to the exterior of the cylinder through the end cap 13, and to fill the cylinder this rod is pulled out manually by means of a handle 17 to draw back the piston against the spring action The paint enters the cylinder through an intake gland 18 at the opposite end of the cylinder which is normally closed by a screw cap 19 A length of tubing may be attached to the intake gland during filling for the purpose of enabling paint to be drawn up more readily out of a tin The rod 16 has a bushing 20 behind the piston 12 and formed with a locking recess 21 which, by turning the handle 17, can be engaged with a locking catch 22 on the interior of the cylinder end cap 13 to hold the piston in the drawn back position with the cylinder full of paint, until it is desired to commence painting. The head of the implement carrying the roller proper (Figure 3) comprises a rotary sleeve bearing member 25 that is supported 785,303 4,5 i O (it) 6,5 7 ( 7.1 785,303 for rotation on a short hollow stem or fixed bearing tube 26 extending from a coupling member 24 The coupling member has passages 23 bored through it in the form of an L-bend, and the feed pipe 15 from the cylinder 11 is connected to one branch of the L while the other branch at right angles thereto communicates with the interior of the bearing tube 26, the feed pipe and DI cylinder axis on the one hand, and the axis of the drum bearing on the other, being normal to one another. The roller itself is a drum 27 made from several inches of 10 S W G aluminium 1.5 alloy tube 14 inches in diameter The drum is carried by a radial flange 28 on the rotary bearing member 25 which flange fits

into and seals one end of the drum The opposite end of the drum is also sealed by a closure 2 o plate 29 The bearing tube 26 extends through the bearing member 25 so that its interior opens into the interior of the drum to supply paint thereto, and the outer surface of the drum is continually supplied with a film of this paint through apertures in the drum wall These apertures are 4 " diameter holes 30 drilled in longitudinal rows at 3 " centres, there being 10 rows of holes spaced at 36 degree intervals around the drum with the holes in each succeeding row staggered longitudinally with respect to the holes in the roll preceding it. A short bush or shoulder 31 surrounds the end of the bearing tube 26 within the drum 27, and the rotary bearing member carrying the drum is urged endwise against this bush by a coil spring 32 disposed around the bearing tube 26 between the bearing member 25 and the coupling member 24 The purpose of this is to take up endwise play at the bearing and thereby help to prevent leakage of paint along the bearing. The feed pipe 15 from the feed cylinder 11 to the head of the device is made sufficiently strong to support the roller head and enable the device to be carried by means of a hand grip 33 on the side of the cylinder when in use The interior of the cylinder is readily o accessible for cleaning on removal of the end cap 13. Although the roller would normally be cylindrical in form, it may take other shapes to provide for the easy painting of corners, beading, tubular parts and the like.

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* GB785304 (A)

Description: GB785304 (A) ? 1957-10-23

Manufacture of oxytetracycline

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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete, up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.

PATENT SPECIFICATION 78 59304 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: July 12, 1954. R No 20361/54. Application made in Germany on July 10, 1953. Complete Specification Published: Oct 23, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 2 ( 3), AA 1 (B: CIB: C 1 D 1: C 2 A), AA 2 A 3. International Classification:-C 12 d. COMPLETE SPECFICATION Manufacture of Oxytetracycline We C FARBWERKE HOECHST Ai KTIENGESELLSCHAFT voirrmjls V Mcister Lucius & Br Ulning, a body corporate recognised under German Law, of Franldurt(M)-Hochst, Germany, do hereby declare the invention, f or which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the metdod by which it is toi be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- This invention relates to the manufacture of oxytetracycline. Of thel antibiotic substances that have been imtrcduced into, therapy in recent years, oxytetracycline has attained special impiortane owing to its wide spectrum of activity. Oxytetracycline is pre pared by cultivation of a special strain ef Streptolmyces which was found in the United States of America and was called Streptomyces rimosus (Cf Specification No 684,417). The present invention is based on the observation that a strain' of Strzptomyces can be isolated from material eccurring in' Germany, which likewise produces oxytetracycline in a gccld yield and which differs from the known Streptonmyces rimosus both physiologically and morphologically. Thisi strain isi distinguished by its remarkably small necd of nitrogen so' that very cheap, culture mredia can be used for production of the antibiotic. The newly discovered strain is recorded in the collection of the Applicants as strain 831 and has, been designated as Streptomyces nov.

spec 831 but is now known as Streptomyces gilvus. Following the key laid down in Bergey's "Manual of Determinative Bacteriology", 6th edition, pages 929-933, Table 1 below gives a compilation of the cultural characteristics of the strain, Streptomyces gilvus. The cultivation of Streptomyces gilvus for the production of oxytetracycline is carried out in the manner customarily used for the preparation of antibiotics, i e by fermentation, while agitating and aerating, on a culture medium which contains a source of carbohvdrates such as sulip,qr, starch or glycerol, an inorganic or organic nitrogen source, such as soy-b ean meal, distillers' solubles or cornsteep liquor and also mineral salts and antifoamning agents After growth has been completed, the mycelium, is separated from the broth, and the antibiotic is obtained from the latter in known manner. The following Examples illustrate the invenion: EXAMPLE 1. Inoculumi is obtained from the following culture medium: skimmed msilk peptone 10 grams, glucose 10 grams beef extract 5 grams Na Cl S grams Ca CO, 10 grams distilled water 1000 mc After adjustment to p H 7, 100 cc or 500 cc of this culture medium are filledi into a 300 cc or 2000 cc Erlenmeyer flask respectively and sterilised for 30 minutes at 1270 C After cooling, the medium is inoculated with a spare suspension of Streptomyces gilvous obtained from, agar slants The cultivation is carried out for 2 days at 18-35 C on a rotary shaker at 200 r p ml. Litres, of a culture medium of the following composition: cornls teepl liquor cane sugar (NH,) HPO 4 IM.o PO, Mg SO, Ho O Ca CO, distilled water grams grams 2 grams 2 grams 0.25 gram-s grams 1000 cc are filled into a fermenter holding 100 litres. The p H value is adjusted to, 7 2 by means of sodium hydroxide solution and the whole auteclaved for 30 minutes at 1270 C After cooling, inoculation is carried out at p H 6 8 with the agitated culture described above, the quantity amounting to about 1-2 per cent of the contents of the fermenter After aerating vigorously, while continucusly stirring (at 460 r p m), the nutrient broth contains about 3 CC micrograms cf cxytetracycline hydrochloride p Wr cc after 48 hours' fermentation. at 26-30 S C. After the miycdlium has been re rmoved by filtering or centrifugin, the fermentation brct 4 il is ccsled to 5-1 Go C and 250 grams of so:ium, c'Tricri per litre are added The sollution c in cl 39 Litres is exztracted at p-I 8 vwin 4 G 5 p r cent el its voiuta cif n-butan 3 l The zx Lract-ed; fermntaion broth is pracically inactiv C In order to eliinat airy imiit L, ifa butancl is washed twice Witi 2 5 litres

e, distlled water and the-n concentrate 4 d undez Y Ieduced pressure at a bath tepcirture of 50, C tc 1/10 cl its volume. Thn ina Ctive preczipitate that has formed is wparat d and thie butanoli sollitic is washed five timas with 360 cc each of N/1 i S hydlrocnl to acid The aqueous, acid phase is adjuid LC ph 3 5 by addition e an anion exchanger (for instance Lewatit M I) pievicusly converted to the basic forim with dilute sdriun hydroxide solution anti then washed with water until the water is nzutral, and dehydrated by lyeptllh 1 isation The yield amr 3 unts to 11 6 grar's with a potency of 5 C O micrograms of coxytetracycline hydrochloride per milligram Frontr this na rial th crystallinc oxytetracycline hydrohloriae_ is obtained by treatment with rethanolic h-ydrochliric acid. EXAMPLE 2. litres of a culture mediulm corntanin per litre 2 grams cif Na NKO, 1 gramn of K 2.HP 1,, 0 5 gram of Mg SO,, 0 5 gram of K O CI, O 02 grarn of Fe SO,, and 1 G grams of starch, are filled int G a fermenter holding 100 litres ani are sterilised for 30 minutes at 1270 C. After cooling and adjusting to p H 6 8, the rmedium is inceulate 1 as described in Example 1 After 48 hours' ferime Intation at 26-30 ' C. whil stirrie at 460 r p m, the yield amounts to 32 C rmcrogranms of cxytetracycline hydrochloride per cc The product is worked up as Ad Escribed in Example 1. EXAMPLE 3. 415 Litres of a fermnm -tation broth obtained and fiecd from, the mvceliumi according to Example 1 are cooled to 5-10 C and 250 grars per litre of sodium chloride are added. The p et rcy covrreszponds, for instance, to a content of 2501 microgra-ms of oxytetracycline hydrochloride per cc After extraction with 16 Lires of n-tutanol, the fermncrtation broth contains only 10 mcregrams per cc The butanclic sclution is washed twice with 2 5 litres of distilled W 2 ter and corncetrated under reduced pressulre at a b-ath temperature of 505 C to 1/2 C of its velumt The inactive material which has settled out is separated Upon additirn of 1 6 litres ci et her free from: peroxide, a precipitate of lcw potency settles cut On adding a further 6 4 litres clf ether, 6 5 grams cf a precipitate are obtained which contain micirogramls of oxytetracycline hydrochloride per milligram Frcm this crude product the crystalline oxytotracycline hydrochloride is -btained by treatment with N ethanclic hydrochloric acid in known manner. TABLE I Aerial Culture Mycelium Soluble Medium Amount of Growth and Spores Pigment Remarks Good, no submerged growth, young colonies (no spores) yellow-brown, older colonies dull grey moderate, colony grows

submerged very good, thick pellicle of mycelium Very good None None present, white, spores central i grey None Faintly yellowish None None None I Young colonies smooth, old colonies wrinkled but no cracks or fissures Very rapid and marked liquefaction of gelatin Very rapid coagulation and peptonisation Reverse dull brown, greybrown, surface greyish-white, crinkly Glucoseasparagine agar Gelatin plates Litmus milk at 280 C. and at 370 C. Glucose agar 7-05,304 785,304 TABLE I (continued) Aerial Culture Mycelium Soluble Medium Amount of Growth and Spores Pigment Remarks Present in the centre white Present in the centre whitepallid pink Present greybrown olivecoloured None Present in the centre white Present in the centre white None None None Dark brown (humus coloured) None Faintly yellowish None Yellowish brown to brown Edge of the colony folded, greyish-white, reverse greyishwhite, yellowish Surface wrinkled dull brown-dark brown Surface slightly wavy, reverse dark-brown Very rapid and marked hydrolysis, surface smooth white Surface smooth, yellow-brown, later dull greybrown, reverse dark-brown Colony smooth, few folds, reverse yellowishwhite Nitrate reduction negative Streptomyces gilvus differs from Streptomyces rimosus on the one hand and from Streptomyces albus on the other hand in the following ways: Streptomyces albus: Streptomyces rimosus: Streptomyces gilvus Culture Particulars according Particulars from Medium to Bergey Specification No 684,417 Litmus milk Synthetic agar Potato culture medium Starch agar (starch plates) Milk peptonised after coagulation Growth abundant Colonies white No hydrolysis Milk neither hydrolysed nor peptonised No growth Colonies Ostraceous Tawny Slight hydrolysis Milk peptonised after coagulation Growth very good Colonies dull brown-dark brown marked hydrolysis Nutrient agar Potato culture medium Calcium malate agar Starch agar Synthetic agar Emerson's agar Dextrose nitrate broth Good Very good Very good Moderate Very good Good Very good, submerged TABLE II 785,304 TABLE II (continued) Streptomyces gilvus differs from Streptomyces r imosus on the one hand and from Streptornyces albus on the other hand in the following ways: Streptomyces albus: Streptom 7 yces e imosums: Streptomyees gilviis: Culture Particulars according Particulars from Medium to Bergey Specification No 684,417 j Calcium malate White aerial mycelium No aerial mycelium, Olive-coloured, agar no soluble pigment grey-brown aerial mycelium, darkbrown (humuscoloured) soluble pigment Glucose-asparagin Aerial mycelium and No aerial mycelium agar spores present or spores Gelatin

Aerial mycelium, No aerial mycelium, moderate liquefaction marked liquefaction Nutrient agar No aerial mycelium Aerial mycelium faintly yellowish existing, no soluble pigment pigment Fermentation Good production of Very poor production broth: growth-inhibiting of growth-inhibiting Soybean meal 3 % substances substances Cornstarch 0 5 % NZ-amine B 0 1 % Na NO, 0 3 % Ca CO 3 0 5 % Vegetable Oil 0 4 % p H 7 Formation optimum of the anti-biotic for all tested media p H 8 p H 6 4 7 2


* GB785305 (A)

Description: GB785305 (A) ? 1957-10-23

Improvements relating to fuel systems of gas turbine engines


PATENT SIECIFICATION Inventors: FREDERICK WILLIAM WALTON MORLEY and KENNETH ARNOLD BASFORD Date of filing Complete Specification July 27, 1955. Application Date July 27, 1954 Complete Specification Published Oct 23, 1957. 85,305 No 21984/54. Index at Acceptance:-'Classes 110 ( 3), G 1 OEI(A 1: A 2: B 3: B 4), G 10 E 213; and 135, P( 1 E: i F: IH: 9 A 2: 16 E 3: 17: 18: 21: 24 E 5: 24 J). International Classification: -FO 2 c G 05 c. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements relating to Fuel Systems of Gas Turbine Engines We, ROLLS-ROYCE LIMITED, of Nightingale Road, Derby, a British company, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be

granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: - This invention relates to fuel systems of gasturbine engines and seeks to provide speed governor nmeans arranged to control the engine in a desirable manner. According to the present invention in a fuel system of a gas-turbine engine including speed governor means arranged to prevent the speed of the engine exceeding a preselected maximum value, said speed governor means cornp Arses a pump of the fixed-volumetric-capacity kind driven at a speed proportional to the rotational speed of the engine and passing liquid through restricted orifice means the area of which is adjusted in accordance with the temperature of air entering the compressor of the gas-turbine engine, the pressure difference across said orifice means being applied to pressure-sensitive means effective to control the delivery of fuel to the engine, whereby a preselected value of N/ VT is not exceeded, where N is the actual rotational speed of the engine and T is the temperature at the inlet to the compressor system of the engine. Preferably the invention is applied to fuel systems for gas turbine engines of the wellknown kind in which a variable-volumetriccapacity pump e g a swash-plate type pump, includes fluid pressure servo means controlling the output of the pump e g by controlling the angularity of the swash-plate Hitherto it has been the commnc practice to provide a pressure-sensitive device, e g a diaphragm subjected to a fluid pressure which is a function of the actual rotational speed of the engine (N), said diaphragm being loaded by means of a spring The arrangement is such that when a certain preselected value of the engine rotational speed (N) is reached the diaphragm lPrice 3 s 6 d l moves to actuate valve means controlling the fluid pressure of the pump servo system, thereby to reduce the fuel delivery by the pump. In applying the present invention to this well-known system in one embodiment of the 50 invention, the spring loading the diaphragm or equivalent has its loading varied by means of a piston device to which it is connected at one end, said piston device being movable by a fluid pressure servo system controlled by 55 valve means actuated by the pressure-sensitive device subjected to a pressure difference across the orifice means which is varied in accordance with the compressor inlet temperature (T). In another embodiment the pump includes 60 a barometric control in which fluid pressure servo means control the pump output in dependence upon atmospheric pressure, a valve in the servo system being under the control of the barometric device The said valve also be 65 controlled by a servo system the pressure in which is controlled by valve means in turn controlled by a pressure-sensitive device subjected to the

pressure difference across the orifice means which is varied in accordance 70 with tile compressor inlet temperature. Two examples of this invention are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 is a diagrammatic drawing of the first embodiment of the invention 75 Figure 2 is a similar drawing illustrating the second embodiment. The gas turbine engine is indicated generally at 20 in Figures 1 and 2 and consists of a compressor 20 b receiving air from the atmos 80 phere via intake 20 a and delivering air in the compressed state to combustion equipment c wherein it has fuel burnt in it The products of combustion pass to a turbine 20 d, the rotor of which drives the compressor, and, 85 after leaving the turbine, the exhaust gases pass to atmosphere at high velocity through propelling nozzle 20 e, thus producing a propulsive thrust on the engine. The fuel system is basically of a well-known 90 2 785,305 kind and includes a fuel tank 50 delivering fuel through a booster pump 51 and pipe 15 to a variable-capacity pump 53 of the swashplate type driven from the engine. The pump comprises a swashplate 54 the angularity of which controls the stroke of pump plungers 55 mounted in the pump rotor 56 and caused to reciprocate by the swashplate in cooperation with springs 57 to draw in fuel through inlet duct 58 in the pump casing and pump it out through delivery duct 59. A piston 60 in a cylinder 61 is connected by rod 62 and link 63 to vary the angularity of the swash plate 54 and is urged to increase the pump stroke by spring 61 a. The space 64 a to one side of piston 60 is in communication with the delivery of the pump through a duct 65 The space 64 b at the other side of the piston is in communication with the delivery of the pump through duct 65 and restriction 66, and fuel is bled from this space in a controlled manner through pipe 10 controlled by a half-ball valve 11. It will be appreciated that when the restriction to flow through pipe 10 is decreased by opening the half-ball valve 11, pressure in space 64 a will tend to overcome the spring 61 k and move piston 60 in the direction to reduce the angularity of the swash plate and the delivery of the pump. When the restriction to flow through pipe is increased, pressure will build up in the space 64 b, and this pressure and the load of spring 61 a will accordingly tend to move the piston in the direction to increase the angularity of the swash plate and thus increase the delivery from the pump. The pump rotor 56 is driven through a pinion 69 from the main shaft 70

of the engine through inter-engaging bevel pinions 71 The pump delivers through conduit 59 into a duct 72 leading to a fuel control device 73 connected to the combustion equipment 20 c of the engine. In the arrangement shown in Figure 1 the pump rotor 56 also functions as a centrifugal impeller by reason of an axial bore 67 in register with the inlet duct 58 of the pump and radial passages 68 leading out of bore 67. Rotation of the pump rotor will thus create a pressure inside the casing of pump 53 which will be a function of the speed of rotation of the pump, and therefore of the engine. The pressure in the casing of pump 53 is communicated by a pipe 14 to one side of a diaphragm 13, the other side of which is in communication with the inlet of the pump through the pipe 15. The diaphragm 13 carries a diaphragm rc A 75 which bears on a point 76 of a lever 77 pivoted on a bracket 78 and carrying at its other end the half-ball valve 11 urged on to its seating at the end of pipe 10 by a spring 79. The diaphragm 13 is loaded by a tension spring 16 and the parts function so that when the rotational speed (N) of the engine exceeds a predetermined value the pressure created by the passages 66 in the pump rotor 56 communicated by pipe 14 to the right-hand side of diaphragm 13 overcomes spring 16 whereby 70 the diaphragm moves to raise valve 11 from its seating. The parts of the drawing so far described illustrate the workings of a known form of fuel supply and governor system In that system 75 the right-hand end of spring 16 has a fixed anchorage. In modifying the well-known system so far described in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the 80 spring 16 is anchored to a movable differentialarea piston 17, whereby the position of the piston 17 determines the loading of the spring. The adjustment of the piston 17 is controlled in the following manner: 85 A fixed-volumetric-canacity pump, e g a gear pump 18 is driven at a speed proportional to the rotational speed of the engine and delivers through ducting 19 containing a variablearea orificec 20, the area of which is adjustable 90 by means of a temperature bulb 21 located in the inlet to the compressor of the gas-turbine engine and a Bourdon tube 21 a connected with bulb 21 and carrying a needle valve 21 b which controls the orifice Downstreamr of the orifice 95 the ducting 19 leads back to the inlet connecticn 23 to the pump 18, this connection 23 leading from the pipe 15. Pressure-sensitive diaphragm 24 is subjected to the pressure in ducting 19 at locations 100 upstream and downstream respectively of the orifice 20 through pipes 24 a and 24 b The diaphragm 24 supports a half-ball valve 25 controlling the flow of servo pressure fluid from a

duct 26 This duct 26 is connected to 105 the delivery 59 of the fuel pump 53 and contains a restrictor 27 there being a connection 28 from the duct 26 downstream of the restrictor 27 to the space 29 on the larger-area side of the piston 17, the connection 28 con 110 taining an additional restrictor 30, and there being also a connection 31 from the duct 26 upstream of the restrictor 27 to the space 31 a on the smaller-area side of the piston 17. The piston is also subjected on an area 115 equal to the difference of the two above-mentioned areas to the pressure which is a function of the speed of rotation of the engine, but this pressure is small in relation to the oressures in the duct 26 and may be neglected 120 An adjustable stop 32 limits displacement of piston 17 in one sense A spring 33 urges half-ball valve 25 to the open position. It will be noted that if the valve 25 is closed pressure will build up in space 29 to equal 125 that in space 31 a and piston 17 will move to the left due to the different areas of the two sides of the piston thereby decreased the load imposed on the diaphragm 13 by spring 16. If valve 25 opens the leakage of servo liquid 130 785,305 785,305 from space 29 permits the piston 17 to move to the right under the load imposed by high-pressure servo liquid operating in annular cylinder space 31 a In this manner the loading imposed by the spring 16 is increased. In the application of gas-turbine engines to aircraft propulsion the reduction in ambient air temperature at high altitude may result in a value of N/VT being exceeded, which causes the compressor of the engine to surge Thus in the system described the normal top speed governor, which operates at a given actual rotational speed N of the engine, may be operative at ground level and low altitude, the piston 17 resting against the adjustable stop 32 by virtue of the valve 25 being open under the influence of spring 33 However, when the hydraulic governor device comprising the pump 18 and orifice 20 gives rise to a preselected pressure drop, the valve 25 gradually closes overcoming the loading of the spring 33, whereby the piston 17 moves to the left taking up a position dependent on the pressure drop across orifice 20 In this manner the basic setting at which the speed governor operates is modified, the loading of the spring 16 which determines the actual speed at which the governor operates being varied in a manner dependent on the pressure drop across orifice 20 The pressure developed by the pump 18 is proportional to N' but by suitably shaping this orifice and the associated needle an approximation to N/ V is obtained. The system may thus be arranged to operate so that at high altitude it prevents a preselected value of N/j 1 being exceeded. In the arrangement shown in Figure 2 there may be provided, if

desired, a top speed governor of known form and including half-ball valve 11 and diaphragm 13 (as shown in Figure 1), and there is also provided a barometric pressure control which is in itself of known form. The barometric pressure control comprises a pivoted lever 89 mounted in a casing 90 so as to divide the casing into two chambers The lever 89 a carries the closure member 92 of a half-ball valve in one chamber 93, and there is provided a spring 94 to load the lever in the sense of closing the half-ball valve There is a drain connection 95 from this chamber back to the fuel tank 50, and a piston 96 is provided the pressure on which loads the lever in tile sense of opening the half-ball valve. The other chamber 97 is connected to atmospheric pressure and contains a capsule 98 which bears on the lever in the sense to increase the load exerted on the lever to open the half-ball valve on decrease of the atmospheric pressure. The pressure-sensitive diaphragm 81 is subjected to the pressure in ducting 19 at locations upsteam and downstream respectively of the orifice 20 through pipes 80 and 83 The diaphragm 81 supports a half-ball valve 84 controlling the flow of servo-fluid pressure from a duct 88 This duct 88 is connected to the delivery 59 of the fuel pump 53, and contains a restrictor 89, there being a connection 87 from the duct 88 downstream of the res 70 trictor 89 to the cylinder space of the piston 96. A spring 85 urges the half-ball valve 84 to the open position The servo fluid after passing through half-ball valve 84 is returned to 75 the pipe 15 through pipe 83. Half-ball valve 92 controls the outflow from conduit 10 which in communication with space 64 b of cylinder 61 which contains piston 60 by which the stroke of the swash-plate pump 80 53 is adjusted. Normally the half-ball valve 84 is open, and liquid delivered from the pump 53 circulates through conduits 88, 83 and 15 back to the pump inlet The area of piston 96 is chosen so 85 as to ensure the desired relation of pump delivery pressure to atmospheric pressure under these conditions When a preselected value of N/VT is reached, the half-ball valve 84 begins to close and pump pressure will build 90 up in conduit 87 and acting on piston 96 will raise half-ball 92 from its seating. As in the previous arrangement, this will cause a reduction of the pressure in space 64 b so as to adjust the angularity of the swash 95 plate to reduce the pump delivery. In this way not only may it be arranged that the preselected value of N/VT is not exceeded, which is desirable to prevent for cxamirple an excess compressor delivery pres 100 sure being reached, but also the engine is prevented by the top speed governor (if fitted) fiom running

at lan excessive speed which might be reached on a hot day (i e where the temperature at the inlet of the compressor is 105 high) which might result in excessive centrifugal stresses in the engine.


* GB785306 (A)

Description: GB785306 (A) ? 1957-10-23

Improvements in or relating to conveying and agitating mechanisms


PATENT SPECIFICATIONT Inventor: -THOMAS MARSDEN JONES. Date of filing Complete Specification: Aug 4, 1955. Application Date: Aug 4, 1954 No 22700/54. Complete Specification Published: Oct 23, 1957. 735,306 Index at Acceptance:-Classes 49, C 6 A, Di E 1; and 78 ( 1), AX. International C Iassification: A 231 B 65 g. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION. Improvements in or relating to Conveying and Agitating Mechanisms. We, MITCHELL ENGINEERING LIMITED, a British Company, of 1 Bedford Square, London, W C 1, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: - This invention relates to conveying and agitating mechanisms and particularly to such mechanisms for cylindrical bodies such as cans The invention finds particular application in vertical rotary sterilizers and agitators for canned food products which require

agitation during sterilization. It is an object of the invention to provide a mechanism which will agitate the can throughout its transit, and which has a greater capacity and is of lower cost than conventional mechanisms for sterilizers of this kind It is a further object of the invention to provide a sterilizer in which cans may be passed from the sterilizing zone into a cooling zone without the necessity of transfer valves. According to the invention there is provided a conveying and agitating mechanism for cylindrical bodies such as cans which comprises a plurality of flat horizontal annular plates each radially apertured and joined at the radial apertures to the axially adjacent plates by parallel inclined plates thereby to form a generally helical path of substantially uniform depth between said plates, and a plurality of annular members coaxially disposed relative to said plates and axially interleaved therewith, said parallel inclined plates being apertured to permit relative rotation of said plates and members and said members being apertured to horizontally restrain said cylindrical bodies, whereby relative rotation between said plates lPrice 3 s 64 ic 4 S 64 and said members cause said cylindrical bodies to roll upon said plates to move through said generally helical path. The invention further provides a vertical rotary sterilizer and agitator including a mechanism as set forth above and such a sterilizer may essentially comprise such a mechanism as set out above and such a casing means to feed cans to said mechanism at the upper end of the casing, and means to remove sterilized cans therefrom at the lower end thereof; the upper part of said casing being maintained full of steam under pressure to form a sterilizing zone and the lower part of the casing containing water to cool the cans before discharge. In order that the invention may be clearly understood some embodiments thereof will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings in which:Fig 1 is a partly sectioned elevation of a sterilizer according to the invention; Fig 2 is a detail in plan; and Fig 3 is a detail in elevation showing the construction and working of the conveyor. In Fig 1 a sterilizer agitator and cooler is shown comprising a cylindrical casing 1 having an inner drum 2 rotatable on a shaft 3 by means of a drive 4 A feed device 5 feeds cans into the apparatus whilst minimising steam leakage and a similar device 6 at the bottom of the cylinder removes the cans after sterilization and cooling with a minimum water leakage The upper part of the cylinder 7 is maintained full of steam under pressure to provide a sterilizing zone whilst that part of the cylinder below the level 8 is maintained filled with cooling water to cool the cans before discharge. Suitable means are provided for maintaining the water and steam at the

correct levels 6.5 8 ( 785,306 and temperatures in the cylinder Advantageously cooling means for the water are provided immediately adjacent the bottom of the cylinder or cold water is introduced at this level to provide a maximum cooling of the cans immediately before discharge from the cylinder Such a measure is made more effective since the conveyor mechanism does not promote or allow a great deal of liquid intermixing of circulation. The cans are carried through the cylinder in a helical path by the conveyor and agitator which is shown in greater detail in Figs. 2 and 3 A stator is made up of a number of horizontal annular plates 11 supported upon a framework 12 and extending between the cylinder 1 and the drum 2 A parallel sided radial slot is formed at corresponding points in each of the plates and parallel 0 inclined plates 13 extend between adjacent plates at these points By this means the stator provides a generally helical path upon which the cans may be rolled from the top of the cylinder to the bottom. The continuous rolling of the cans serves to agitate their content throughout their passage but if desired suitable upstanding projections upon the upper surface of the stator may serve to cause the cans to lift and drop to increase the degree of agitation. A rotor 14 integral with the drum 2 serves to move the cans through the helical path in the stator at a required rate and in coordination with the feed and discharge rate. The rotor is made up of annular members or plates 15 axially interleaved with the stator plates 11 and disposed substantially equidistant therebetween To allow these to rotate relative to the stator the inclined plates 13 are apertured at 16 Each of the rotor plates 15 are apertured at 17 to accommodate a particular size of can to restrain it from movement from its intended path, without restricting its rotation Rota4, tion of the rotor relative to the stator thereby causes the cans to move in a controlled manner through the helical path in the stator They are thereby passed through the sterilizing zone and subsequently through the cooling water whilst being constantly turned and agitated The speed of rotor rotation serves to determine the time of treatment. In the illustrated embodiment the aper5.) tures 17 in the rotor plates are made of a size to accommodate a particular can If desired however these apertures may extend over the full available radial width of the plates to accommodate several cans, adjustisp able s Dacers being provided if desired, to divide the apertures to a size for individual cans Alternatively the rotor plates may be replaced by radial bars in which case the outside ends of these are desirably contsa nected together by a peripheral bar or plate to prevent outward displacement or jamming of cans.

The conveying and agitating mechanism may conveniently be made easily removable from the cylindrical casing for cleaning 7. overhaul or adjustment Such an arrangement is particularly convenient and allows the steam and water supplies, stuffing boxes and driving mechanism all to be embodied in the structure of the cylindrical casing It will be apparent that the apparatus may be made in any desired size and that many purely mechanical variations may be made as convenient For example the rotor and stator functions may be reversed or both SO may move in opposite directions Also whilst a sterilizer cooler has been described in which no transfer valves are used these may be incorporated or a mechanism using them may be constructed if so desired Do


* GB785307 (A)

Description: GB785307 (A) ? 1957-10-23

Method of preparing manganese-bearing materials for extraction of manganese

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PATENT SPECIFICATION

78: 4, Date of Application and filing Complete Specification SeptIS, 1954. & Rex No 26700/54. Application mode in United States of America on Sept 30, 1953. Complete Specification Published Oct 23, 1957 Index at Acceptance:-Classes 1 ( 3), A 1 (D 45: G 20 D 45: N 20); and 22, K. International Classification: -CO 1 g. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Method of preparing Manganese-Bearing Materials for Extraction of Manganese We, ELECTRIC FURNACE PRODUCTS COMPANY, LIMITED, of Canada Life Building, City of Toronto, Province of Ontario, Dominion of Canada, a corporation organised under the i Laws of the Dominion of Canada, (assignee of MICHAEL CARL CAROSELLA, a Citizen of the United States of America, of 517, 82nd Street, Niagara Falls, State of New York, United States of America), do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- The present invention relates to the preparation of manganese-containing leach liquors from manganese bearing materials, such as ores and slags, which are not readily extractible with aqueous sulphuric acid. Manganese in elemental form or alloyed with metals is essential to the manufacture of both steels and non-ferrous manganese alloys. The purity of the element or its alloys is important, since such impurities as may be present may be transferred to the final product, thereby impairing its quality One method of producing elemental manganese in a state of high purity is by electrowinning from manganese-containing solutions In this method, an electrolyte containing manganese sulphate is employed, this having been found to be the most satisfactory manganese salt for the purpose The electrolyte may be prepared by dissolving in sulphuric acid, manganese metal, manganese alloys and soluble forms of manganese ores, minerals or slags containing manganese. Manganese salts are also utilised in a number of chemical processes, and are frequently processed by wet methods in order to obtain the desired degree of purity. Obviously the most economical sources of manganese are the natural ores and the slags resulting from metallurgical process in which manganese is employed In some operations, such slags may contain appreciable percentages of manganese Using such slags as a source of lPrice-a manganese permits the recovery of this valuable element However, not all manganese compounds are readily soluble in dilute

sulphuric acid and the recovery of manganese from the ore or slag may be uneconomically low as a result of this fact Typical compounds which are relatively insoluble in this acid are manganese aluminate, manganese metasilicate and manganese dioxide Therefore, it is desirable that these compounds be treated so that the manganese contained in the ore or slag is converted to a soluble form. Heretofore, in the case of some of the natural ores, this has been accomplished to some extent by simple reduction roasting If the roasting temperature is sufficiently high, most of the manganese dioxide is decomposed into lower oxides, chiefly Mn O which is readily soluble in sulphuric acid It is impractical, however, by this treatement to convert all the manganese dioxide to the lower oxide and, therefore, not all of the manganese content of the ore is converted to an acid soluble form In the case of slags or such natural ores as rhodonite or other manganese silicates or spinels, such a simple roasting operation is not effective in producing an acid soluble form of manganese oxide While some of the ores or slags may be treated so as to form compounds other than those that are insoluble, these compounds then being converted to sulphates, this is an unduly compliouted approach to the problem. It is the object of the present invention to provide a method whereby manganese-bearing ores and slags may be easily and speedily treated to render their contained manganese values readily soluble in aqueous sulphuric acid. In most metallurgical operations, rather large volumes of slag are involved and the slags are generally allowed to cool naturally in large pots or beds so that the cold slag becomes crystalline in character When the slag is allowed to crystallise in this manner, insoluble compounds are formed It has been found, 307 785,307 however, that if instead of allowing the slag to cool naturally it is artificially cooled at a rapid rate, the formation of a crystalline structure may be prevented and the final product is amorphous in character In such state, the manganese is substantially completely soluble in dilute sulphuric acid Subsequent treatment of such a slag with sulphuric acid will result in recovery of practically the entire manganese content of the slag. The present invention provides a process for preparing a manganese containing leach liquor from a manganese bearing material, e g an ore or a slag, containing manganese in a form which is not readily soluble in aqueous sulphuric acid, characterised by heating said material as elevated temperature, if necessary, in the presence of a reducing agent, e g carbon, to form a fused mass containing combined manganese in the bivalent state, rapidly chilling the fused mass to form an amorphous pro; duct, and leaching said amorphous product with aqueous

sulphuric acid. The rapid cooling of these fused manganesebearing materials may be accomplished in several ways, for instance the molten manganese bearing material may be tapped into heavy metal containers or chills in relatively thin layers so that the heat is extracted by te metal at a high rate and an amorphous product is formed A more sultable method, and one more readily adapted to handle large volumes of manganese bearing material, is casting the molten manganese bearing material into a rapidly moving stream of water or a series of water jets so that it is cooled almost instantly and at the same time is broken up into relatively small particles This watershotting treatment is particularly effective, since it produces a product in which the manganese is substantially entirely soluble and in a physical form particularly suitable for leaching in acid since the material is reduced to a relatively fine particle size. An example illustrating the effectiveness of this treatment as applied to a natural manmanese-bearing mineral ore, rhodonite, is as follows: Twenty-five pounds ( 11 34 kg) of natural rhodonite were fused in an electric furnace and the liquid ore tapped into a series of water jets which rapidly chilled the melt, forming a finely divided amorphous product The chilled product contained 35 85 % manganese, and 60 grams, sized to pass 0 147 mm screen openings, were leached in 1150 ml of a solution containing 132 grams of ammonium sulphate and 37 5 grams of sulphuric acid per liter for approximately 24 hours The first two hours of leaching were carried out at approximately 600 C The solution was then allowed to cool naturally and to stand for 12 hours The resulting slurry was filtered and the insoluble residue collected and dried at 1100 C Analysis of the dried residue showed it to contain 8 36 % manganese, and since the residue weighed 32 8 grams, it contained a total of 2 75 grams of manganese Calculations showed that a total of 88 % of the manganese originally contained in the treated rhodonite was extracted by this 70 procedure It was previously found that only about 5 % of the manganese contained in untreated rhodonite ore was extractable by sulphuric acid leaching The manganese recovery was increased by more than 80 % by 75 the treatment of the ore prior to leaching. The increase in manganese recovery that is effected by treating a manganese-bearing slag is illustrated in the following example:A slag resulting from the manufacture of 80 ferromanganese was subjected to leaching tests both in its original crystalline state and after remelting and water-shotting This slag contained 38 5 % manganese, 19 4 % alumina, and 24 6 % silica Fifty-two and one-half grams 85 of the untreated crystalline slag were leached at 700 C in one liter of solution containing ammonium sulphate, sulphuric acid, and manganese

sulphate The slag was leached for a period of 2 hours and 40 minutes at this tem 90 perature, and the resulting slurry then filtered. The filtrate, with a total volume of one liter, contained 28 4 grams per liter of manganese. The original manganese content of the solution was 11 9 grams and, by difference, 16 5 95 grams of manganese were extracted from the slag Since the slag contained 20 5 grams of manganese initially, a recovery of 80 5 % of the total manganese was obtained in this treatment The crystal structure of this slag was 100 determined by X-ray diffraction procedures, to be a mixture of tephorite, which is manganese ortho-silicate, and manganese aluminate, which is a spinel type structure In contrast to this, twenty-five pounds of the same crystalline slag 105 were fused in an electric furnace and the liquid slag rapidly chilled by being cast into a series of water jets, producing a finely divided shotted product Forty-eight grams of this slag sized to pass 0 147 mm screen openings, were 110 leached at 70 C for 1 hour and 50 minutes in one liter of solution similar to the above test, containing ammoniun sulphate, manganese sulphate, and sulphuric acid Analysis of the insoluble dried residue showed it to contain 115 3.18 % manganese, or a total weight of 0 82 grams of manganese Since the original 48 grams of slag contained 18 7 grams of manganese, 95 6 % of the total manganese was recovered in this treatment It is thus apparent 120 that the manganese recovery was substantially increased by the treatment of the slag prior to leaching. The type of manganese-bearing material to which the process of the present invention is 125 applicable is not limited to the examples given, but may be used for any manganese-bearing material which may be altered from a crystalline structure to an amorphous state by simple melting and rapid cooling, with or without the 130 785,307 addition of an appropriate fluxing agent, such as silica. It has been found that, when the mangenesebearing material employed does not contain manganese in the bivalent state, it will be necessary to employ a common reducing agent, such as carbon, to convert the manganese to that state This may be accomplished by adding the reducing agent to the mangenese-bearing material either prior to or during the melting operation Unless the manganese contained in the melt is in the bivalent state prior to the rapid chilling step, the resultant product will not be soluble in dilute sul1 S phuric acid. Two further examples of manganese-bearing materials to which the process of the present invention has been successfully applied are as follows: An amporphous high-carbon ferromanganese slag containing 24 5 % manganese, 23.10 % silica, 40 71 % lime, 7 38 % magnesia, and 4 98 % alumina, obtained as in the previous example by fusing and chilling

the crystalline material, was leached in a sulphuric acid solution Fifty grams of the slag, sized to pass 0 147 mm screen openings, were heated at 760 C in 1400 ml of the acid solution. Ninety-eight per cent of the manganese contained in the slag was dissolved in this treatment. A silicomanganese slag, chill-cast by watershotting, and crushed to pass 0 147 mm. screen openings was treated in a sulphuric acid solution Forty-two and seven-tenths grams of this slag were formed into a slurry with 500 ml of water heated to 600 C Fifteen and sixtenths mnl of 95 5 % sulphuric acid were added to this solution and at the end of five minutes, a very thick slurry formed This was diluted, to a total volume of one liter, filtered and washed The total time of the operation was 12 hours An insoluble residue weighing 31 grams after drying, was obtained having a residual manganese content of 1 57 % The original slag contained 11 73 % manganese Of the total manganese present initially in the slag % was extracted by this treatment. An example quantitatively illustrating the process of the present invention, when a fluxing material has been added to the melting step is as follows:Ten pounds ( 4 54 kg) of pyrolusite containing 55 3 % Mn, 2 0 % Si O,, 2 4 % Fe were melted in the presence of a reducing agent (carbon lined furnace) and fluxed with 2 1 pounds ( 0 95 kg) of commercially pure Al O and 3 2 pounds ( 1 45 kg) of commercially pure Si O, The melt was then quick-chilled by being cast into a series of water jets and the resulting slag analyzed 41 32 % Mn, 26 24 % Si O,, 17 34 % Al I,0 and 1 34 % Fe (as iron oxides) A 30 gram sample of this slag was leached with 500 cc of solution analyzing 11 0 grams/ liter Mn, 118 0 grams/liter (NH 4),SO 4, and 45 0 grams/liter HSO 4 The resulting slurry was neutralized from a p H of 3.5 to a p H of 6 5 by the addition of ammonia. Upon filtration the manganese extraction from the slag was found to be 92 % 70 It has been found from an examination of the insoluble residues remaining after the acid treatment described hereinabove, that the contained manganese was most usually present as an aluminate, that is, in the form of a spinel 75 The examinations also showed that some forms of manganese metasilicate which were present in the slag before leaching were also present in the insoluble residue. Additionally, it has been found that the 80 recovery of manganese is not appreciably varied by the conditions under which the leaching operation is performed There is no apparent relationship between the trr of the leaching solution, the temperature, or the time 85 of leaching By far the most important factor controlling the degree of manganese extraction obtained is the physical structure of the manganese-bearing material As long as the manganese-bearing material

is completely amor 90 phous after treatment, a high percentage of manganese will be extracted by leaching This recovery is decreased only when some of the above-mentioned relatively insoluble compounds are present 95 It will be noted that in several of the above examples ammonium sulphate is present in the leaching solution This has been found to, have no influence on the efficiency of the extraction of manganese and was present in many of these 100 solutions only because, as part of the overall operation of preparing certain manganese compounds, the solution employed represented an end product solution which would be recycled through the process For example, in the cyclic 105 process for the electrowinning of manganese from manganese ores and slags, it is standard practice to leach the ore or slag with recycled anolyte containing sulphuric acid and some ammonium sulphate Comparison tests made 110 without ammonium sulphate present in the leach liquor confirmed the fact that it did not have any influence on effectiveness of the leaching operation.
