49a a&p: nervous system - synaptic transmission and central nervous system · 2018-01-22 ·...
TRANSCRIPT
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49a A&P: Nervous System -!Synaptic Transmission and Central Nervous System
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49a A&P: Nervous System -!Synaptic Transmission and Central Nervous System !
Class Outline"
5 minutes" "Attendance, Breath of Arrival, and Reminders "
10 minutes "Lecture:"
25 minutes "Lecture:"
15 minutes "Active study skills:"
60 minutes "Total"
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Early Warning:!! By class 63b, you must be signed-up for and logged into MassagePrep.training."! You will receive an email from our receptionist with instructions for signing up. "
Assignments:!! 50b Business: Marketing: it is recommended that you watch the webinar listed in the Class Schedule."! 53a Internship Orientation Review Questions (Due before class starts. Packet A: 179-180)."! 55a Review Questions (Due before class starts. Packet A: 181-194)."
Quizzes:!! 51b Kinesiology Quiz (brachialis, brachioradialis, flexor digitorum superficialis, and extensor digitorum)."
Preparation for upcoming classes:"! 50a A&P: Nervous System - Autonomic Nervous System and Sensory Receptors"
– Trail Guide: extensors of the wrist and fingers (extensor digitorum)."
– Packet E: 109-112."– RQ - Packet Packet A-187."
! 50b Business: Marketing"– 50b Strategies and Tactics Assignment, done in class."– Packet B: 53-60"– RQ - Packet Packet A-188."
49a A&P: Nervous System -!Synaptic Transmission and Central Nervous System !
Class Reminders"
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Classroom Rules"
Punctuality - everybody’s time is precious"
! Be ready to learn at the start of class; we’ll have you out of here on time"
! Tardiness: arriving late, returning late after breaks, leaving during class, leaving early"
The following are not allowed:!
! Bare feet"
! Side talking"
! Lying down"
! Inappropriate clothing"
! Food or drink except water"
! Phones that are visible in the classroom, bathrooms, or internship"
You will receive one verbal warning, then you’ll have to leave the room.!
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O"
A"
I"
Anterior View"
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O"
A"
I"
Anterior View"
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O"
A"
I"
Anterior View"
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O"
A"
I"
Anterior View"
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49a A&P: Nervous System -!Synaptic Transmission and Central Nervous System !
Packet E - 103"
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Synapse"
Synaptic bulb"
Synaptic cleft"
Synaptic vesicle"
Synapse
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Synapse Junction between two neurons or between a neuron and a "muscle or gland."
Synapse
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Synaptic bulb Small bulb-like structure on the ends of telodendria."Contains synaptic vesicles ."
Synaptic Structures
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Synaptic cleft (AKA: synaptic gap) Space between two neurons, or
between a neuron and a muscle or gland."
Synaptic Structures
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Synaptic vesicle Sac-like structure located within the synaptic bulbs that "contains neurotransmitters."
Synaptic Structures
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1. A nerve impulse travels down an axon to a synaptic bulb."
Synaptic Transmission
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2. Neurotransmitters travel across the synaptic cleft____."
Synaptic Transmission
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3. The neurotransmitters bind with receptor sites which bring about
either an excitatory or inhibitory response depending on which neurotransmitter
is being used."
Synaptic Transmission
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Neurotransmitters Neurotransmitter Collective term for chemical messengers involved in nerve impulse transmission."
Some examples:"
Acetylcholine "muscle contraction "
Epinephrine "regulates fight or flight"
Histamine "inflammatory responses"
Endorphins "pain-reduction"
Et cetera . . . . "
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Brain
Brain Central nervous system organ that contains an estimated 100 billion cells and is divided into 4 major regions."
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Cerebrum Largest part of the brain. Where vision, smell, taste, and body
movements are consciously perceived. Where skeletal muscle movements are
initiated. Where emotional and intellectual processes occur."
Cerebrum
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Limbic system Part of the cerebrum that governs emotional aspects of
behavior needed for survival , such as sexual feelings, rage, and
docility."
Cerebrum
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Sulci (s. sulcus) Grooves in the outer layer of the cerebrum ."
Gyri (s. gyrus) Elevated ridges of cerebrum tissue."
Cerebrum
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Corpus callosum Large fibrous bundles of transverse fibers which
provide a communication pathway for impulses to move from one
hemisphere to the other. "
Cerebrum
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Left hemisphere Cerebral hemisphere that specializes in:"
– Receptive and expressive language"
– Math"
– Reasoning"
– Analytical skills"
Cerebrum
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Right hemisphere Cerebral hemisphere that specializes in:"
– Sound perception"
– Art"
– Emotional expression"
– Perception and visualization of spatial relationships"
Cerebrum
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Frontal Lobe Cerebral lobe that regulates: "
– Motor output"
– Cognition"
– Speech production (Broca’s area, left hemisphere)"
Cerebrum
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Parietal lobe Cerebral lobe that governs somatosensory input
(particularly skin and muscles), and receives information about:"
– Proprioception"
– Reading "
– Taste"
Cerebrum
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Temporal lobe Cerebral lobe that houses:"
– Auditory areas"
– Olfactory areas"
– Wernicke area (language comprehension, left hemisphere)"
Cerebrum
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Occipital lobe Cerebral lobe that contains centers for visual input. "
Cerebrum
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Diencephalon Part of the brain that houses the thalamus and the
hypothalamus. Also includes the pituitary and pineal glands. "
Cerebrum
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Thalamus Part of the diencephalon that relays sensory information
(except olfaction) to appropriate parts of the cerebrum. "
Cerebrum
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Hypothalamus Part of the diencephalon that governs and regulates the
autonomic nervous system and pituitary gland. Controls:"
– Hunger"
– Thirst"
– Temperature"
– Anger"
– Aggression"
– Hormone release"
– Sexual behavior"
– Sleep patterns"
– Consciousness"
Cerebrum
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Pituitary Bi-lobed gland that extends from the hypothalamus. Its
hormones control and stimulate other glands to produce and
secrete their hormones. Sits in the sella turcica of the sphenoid."
Cerebrum
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Pineal Gland located on the posterior aspect of the brain’s
diencephlon. Produces and secretes melatonin."
Cerebrum
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Cerebellum Second largest part of the brain. Located posterior and inferior to
the cerebrum. Involved with:"
– Muscle tone!
– Coordination of skeletal muscles!
– Balance !
– Control of fine and gross motor skills "
Cerebellum
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Brainstem Part of the brain that is continuous with the spinal cord. Has three
main divisions:"
"Mid-brain"
"Pons"
"Medulla oblongata"
Brainstem
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Mid-brain Part of the brain stem that conducts: "– Nerve impulses from the cerebrum to the pons !– Sensory impulses from the spinal cord to the thalamus"
Brainstem
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Pons Part of the brainstem that connects the cerebellum and cerebrum to
the spinal cord."
Brainstem
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Medulla oblongata Part of the brainstem that conducts sensory and motor impulses between other parts of the brain and the spinal cord."
Brainstem
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49a A&P: Nervous System -!Synaptic Transmission and Central Nervous System"