4G-TECHNOLOGY

CONTENTS

•Introduction•What is 4G?•Evolution of 4G•A look at fundamental requirements•Evolution of processors and DSP Technology for 4G•The 3G•The 4G

CONTENTS:

• 3G:Some unfinished Business• 4G Wireless: one view• Path Losses And fading challenge• Which countries have 4G?• Infrastructure for 4G• 4G in India

• 4G, the successor of 3G, will soon become the standard for cellular wireless

• The technology is currently available in some countries but it is still being perfected

• The aim is to achieve “ultra broadband speed” – to be counted in gigabytes per second

• 4G is short for Fourth (4th) Generation Technology. It is basically the extension in the 3G technology with more bandwidth and services offers in the 3G.

• Will allow users to download a full-length feature film within five minutes

• Will also be able to stream high-definition television and radio to hand-held devices

• The basic difference between 3G and 4G is in data transfer and signal quality

• The highest download and upload speed in 3G are 14 Mbps and 5.8 Mbps respectively

• In 4G the download speed is up to 100 Mbps for moving users and 1 Gbps for stationary users

• 4G is adoption of packet switching instead of circuit switching in voice and video calls

• With packet switching, resources are only used when there is information to be sent across

• 4G uses spiral multiplexing

• The first commercial deployment was by Telia Sonera and NetCom

• Telia Sonera branded the network “4G”

• The modem devices on offer were manufactured by Samsung (dongle GT-B3710)

• The network infrastructure were created by Huawei (in Oslo) and Ericsson (in Stockholm)

A Look at Fundamental Requirements

Human Sense Sound Sight Knowledge

↓ Network Generation

1G-2G Voice - Low Speed Data

3G Voice Images Hypertext (HT)

4G Voice, Speech VideoFiles (Speech, HT,

Video)

Typical Bandwidth 10-80 Kbps 1 - 20 Mbps 0.5-10 Mbps

Required Latency <160 ms <100 ms <5 s

Principal Application Communication Entertainment Information

The 3G

Large Coverage Outdoor - High MobilityUp to 14Mbps

The 4G

• What we needo Adaptive high performance transmission systemo Great candidate for SDR

Large Coverage – 100Mbps CoverageOutdoor - High Mobility

Macro Cells Pico Cells

Isolated HotSpots – 1Gbps CoverageIndoor – Very Low Mobility

Financial

• Balance sheet cleanup (debt reduction)

• Capacity Utilization

• Business Models for New Services

Technical

• Improved coverage (e.g., residences)

• Inter technology roaming

• Inter carrier compensation(esp. data services)

3G: Some Unfinished Business

• 4G WOFDM high speed downlink “a wireless cable modem”

• Complement to EDGE/UMTS

• High peak data rates (up to 10 Mb/s) in a 5 MHz channel

• spectrum - 500 MHz to 3 GHz• 3G EDGE/WCDMA network for uplink,

downlink, control and signalling

4G Wireless: One View

Delay Spread

Rayleigh Fading

Path Loss

rapid fading of 20 to 30 dB(power varies by 100 to 1000 timesin level at rates of about 100 times per second)

path loss up to~ 150 dB(that is a 1 followedby 15 zeroes)

Reflected signalsarrive spread outover 5 to 20microsecond

Path Loss and Fading Challenge

• Except for the Scandinavian countries, a few countries have started the 4G commercially

• In the US, Sprint Nextel initiated the service last year

• Countries expected to launch 4G by this year are Germany, Spain, China, Japan and England

• There are three primary technologies that support 4G – WiMax, LTE, and UMB

• The main doubt is whether to implement WiMax or LTE

• The advantages of LTE are:(i) Faster speed with 100 Mbps for download and 50 Mbps for upload(ii) It makes CDMA and GSM database moot(iii) It offers both FDD and TDD duplexing

• Has already begun the process of introducing 4G

• India is among the latecomers in 3G• It is felt that by the time the implement 3G

fully, 4G technologies such as LTE will be available commercially

• It has taken three years for the government to decide on 3G-spectrum auction policy

• 4G could face the same delay unless India wants to catch up with the rest of the world

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