New Jersey Science LeagueBiolory 1I Answer KeyI)ate: January 10,2008

BIOLOGY ll For all second yeer and AP level students.January Test biochemistry, ce structFe, metabolic reaction, general chemistry, membrane tr¿nspoft,classifications systems, experimenfal design, ATP synthesis, history ofscience, photosynthetic reactions, ,

enz¡me flmctions ,enerry types, €ukaryotic and prokaryotic cell stsucture,February Te.st eukaryotic and prokaryotic genetics and reproùrction, Mendelian genetics, moleculargenetics, genetic diseases, chromosomes, cell cycle, gametogenesis, viral morphology and activity, andpopulæion genetics-March Test plaat and animaì stucture/frmction and behavior, ecological environments and relationshþs,evolution, embryolory, ñrngi, Moner4 Protista, symbiosis.April Te.st blood, nervous system, GI system, endocrine system, muscular system, excretory system,reproductive s¡ntem, cardiovascular system, skeletal system, integumentary system, sense organs,immunolory, pathologr, nutrition.

TESTING DATES FOR THE NEW JERSEY SCIENCE LEAGI]E

January 10, 2008March 13,2008

February 14,2008**April 10,2008

Each area may select a ¡late in April, other fhan the first weeþ for all schools in the areato take the exæn. No schools may take the April exam during the first week of April.

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NEW'ERSEY SCIENCE LEAGUEB¡ologyII-¡anuary2txt8

Th¡s te6it ¡s for ãll Ap B¡ology or second year b¡o¡ogy sfi¡dents. please pRr r your name, sdÍrol,date, and which test you arc tâk¡ng on.the scanton an$¡uer sheet F¡ll ¡n dre scant¡on sheetwith the best dx¡Èæ for eadr qu6tion. ff you erase an answer, be sure to eËse füe ansryeroompletely ftom tüe an$¡ìrer sheeL

l. lVhich ofthe following ha9have macses close to a dalton?A. elecaon B, nucleus C. neutron D. proton E. mswers C and D

2. Some organic molecules behave as bases. What fimctional group or groups ilare involved in this behavior?A. mino B. ${ftydryl C. phosphate D. carbonyl E. ansv/€rs A andB

3. tn the 1960s, thalidomide was prescribed for thousands ofpregnant women- Ttle drug contained a mixture ofnolecules that were mirror images ofeach other; such molecules are calþd:

C. geometric isomers

4. The cabonyl group, (-C=O), is found is the following molecules:A. onþ inthiols B. only in ald€hydes C. onl¡r i:r ketonesD. in aldeþdes and ketones E. in tliiols, aldehydes, and ketones

5. How many proton, neutrons, and electrons does lsN

isotope ofnitrogen posses?

A. 7f ; 7n0^;7{ B. 8p* ; Zno; B e C. 7p* ;8n0 ; 7 eD. 9p*; 6no ;6 e E. 10p*;5no; lOe

6. Which offhe following statements about endergonic reactions ivare aue?A. The products contain more enerry than the rcactantsB- The

^G for each reacfíon is negative

C. The reactions usually occur spontaneousþD. The ¡eactions ¡elease enerryE. A¡swers A and B are true

7. All of the followi¡g statemenls are true about tbe molecule C5H1¡O5 EXCEPT:A. It is ribose B. It is a pentose sugarC. It is a building block ofDNA D. Itis a building block of RNAE. lt is a building block ofATP

Which of the following is true about eÍzj/mes?A. They are cataþtic cârbohydmtesB. They absorb energl Aom coenz¡rmesC. They are degraded in most chemical reactionsD. They attâch to active sites on reaclântsE. Each works in a narrow pH range

When a mole of ATP is hydmlyzed to ADP, which is true?

A. enantiomersD. aùinoacyl isomers

B- stsucfur¿l isomersE. answers A and B

9.A. ÅG :73 kcaVmoleD. ÅG: -686 kcal/mole

B. ^G

= -7.3kcaYmoleE. AG: O

C. ÂG: 686 kcaVmole

NJSL Bio II Jan 2008

For questions 1(Þ13, u$e thé following dirÐgr¡ms:

IT mcoù

-t"l'-1-'H,c cH,'- *cl,

J--,,Ir;

v ¡{H$B}IHHH'{FTHHHHHHHI r I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I o

IJ i L iMIII to'HHfIHHHI+ë]H¡]H

rV

10. The strucfi¡ral foimula for cellulose:A. I B. II c. trI D. IV E.V

I l. A åt or triglyceride has which ofthe following monomers? Choose the a¡swer that includes all possible:A. l B. I and Itr C. I and IV D. III ønd V E. I, m, aúd V

12- A monomer ofa polypepide:A. l B. II E- No ans['er present

E. No aswer preseût

c.v

B. II C.Itr13. This is the sfuchrral formula for a steroid

A. I

D- Iandtr

D- Iandv

t5.

Which statement or statements is/are FALSE conc€ming rec€ptor-mediated endocytosis?A. It involves coated pitsB- Specific rnolecules bind to receptors on the cell surfaceC. I{r¡mans use the process to take in l,DLs into cellsD. It involves ligands binding to receptorsE- It is unspecific in the substmces it t-ansports

Which process is considered passive transport?

A. facilitaæd diffirsionD. the Na+/K* pump

B. phagocytosis C. pinocyûosisE. receptor-mediated endocyûosis

16. When calcir¡m ions bind to this protein, it chatrges its confomation, then binds to other proteins, activating ordeactivating them. This protein is:A. the G proæin B- phosphoþase C. calcitonin D. cahodulin E- cAMP

The lighl reactions ofphotosynthesis supply the Calvin rycle with which of the following?A. ATP and sugarB. light photons to enter the stromaC. reduced NADP and CO2D. CO2 ard ATPE. NADP (reduced) and ATP

NJSL Bio II Jan 2008

l9

Which ofthe following is NOT true abouf CAM ptants (Crassulacean Acid MetabolismpA- CAM plarts ùsually open stomata af nigbtB- CAM plants use the Calvin cycle to produce sugarC. The mesophyll cells store organic acids that they make dwing the nightD. Cacti and pineapples are CAM plantsE- Com and sugarcane are CAM plants

Which ofthe following is a coûect statement about cyclic and noncyclic photophosphorylation?

D.E,

20.

21.

A. onþ eycüc uses Photosystem IIB. only cyclic involves excited electronsC. only noncyclic produces NADPH

Wbich is true when cbloroplasß ae ilh.rminated?A. the pH in the stroma dtopsB. the pH in the tbylakoid space dropsC. respiration stops

A. collagen B. desmosome C. Iysozyne

23. Which ofthe following is found in prokaryotic cells?A. peroxisomesB. nuclear envelopeC. ribosomes

24. In sone plant cells, specialized organelles calledto initiate the conversion offatty acids to sugar.A. lysosomesB. anyloplastsC- glyoxysomes

26. Choose the best answer.A- Protista onlyB. AÍimalia onlyC- Plantae only

27. The Golgi appar¿tus does all ofthe following EXCEPT:A, manufacturesmacromoleculesB. moalifies some proteinsC. buds offsome þosomes from its fans face

28. All ofthe following statements about catalase are aue EXCEpTA. Catalase denaù¡¡es at temperafiIres above -1 00oCB. Cätalase can't operate outside ofliving cellsC. Catalase needs coenzymes úo be firlly functional

In aerobic respiration, the final acceptor of elecfions in the electron f¿nspolt chain is!A. NADH B. hydrogen C. oxygen D. water

The most abìJúdant glycoproteir in fbe extracellular matrix ofmost animal cells is:

D. only cyclic utili2esE. only cyclic releases 02

the Calvin cycle Søpsthe electron transpoft chain is blocked

E. FADHz

D. fibronectin E. ker¿tin

D. moothERE. rough ER

D. stores products ofthe ERE. receives products ofthe ER at its trüs face

25. Mdure planfs usually contain a large central vacuole enclosed by a membrane called tbe:A. lysosome B. chromoplast C. centrosome D- peroxisome . E. tonoplast

contain enzj¡mes

D. thylakoidsE. plant seeds do not store fat

Microtubules in flagella and cilia are fomd in some cells in the following kingdons:D. Protista and Animalia onþE. Found in Protista, Animali4 æd Plant¿e

D. Cablase is reusableE. Catalase can cataþze many different kinds ofchemic¿l reactions

29. The tb¡ee-carbon compormd formed as the end-produçt ofgþcol1sis is:A. citric acid D- gþceraldehydes-3-phosphateB. acetyl CoA E. oxaloacet¿teC. pyruvale

NJSL Bio II Jan 2008

30. In aerobic respiration, most CO2 is released dming:A. glycolyisB. tbe K¡ebs çycle

D. the formation of lactic acidE. the Calvin cycle

D. nethanogensE. Grm negative bacteria

C. the electron lr¿nsport chain

31. Some organisms can produce sufficient ATP to survive by either fermentatioÌ or aerobic respiration. Theseorganisms are called:A- pmtobiontsB. rycoþic aerobesC. facult¿tiveainaerobes

32. Which domain contains extreme halophiles?A. Archaea B, Bacteria C. Eulffy¿ D. Archaezoa E. Cyanobac'teria

33. The scientific name ofthe domesticaæd dogis Canis ftaníliarß, amd that ofthe wolf is Conis fupus. This indica¡esftat bôth animals aré members of the:

A. same class, but different g€n€ra D. same species, but diffèrent generaB- same genus, but different species E. same genus, but different classesC. same species, but difrerent classes

34. Charles Darwin would agree with all of the following EXCEPT?A. Descent with modificatíonB. Overpopulation leads to a struggle fù sunrival mong members of a population .

C. Environment¿l change c¡eaæs adapt¿tionsD. Differentialrep¡oductive successE. Ceftain heritable traits are more likeþ to appear in gach new generation

35. According to the Second Law ofThermodynamics:A. energl can be neither created nor destoyedB. enerry can be Fansferred and farsfomredC. every ener$/ trmsfer i¡creases the enhopy ofthe universeD, energy is always conservedE. tbe çalþ ofthe etrerry in the universe is constaût

36. ATP is:A. chemic¿l enerryB. potential'energyC. kinetic enerry

37. Which is tue for a sponta¡eoùs chemical reaction?A. it has a negative ÂGB. it has a positìve ACC. it absorbs enerry &om tle environment

38. Tlre production ofa protein ûoû a¡ amino acid is an example o1:

A. anabolismB. caøbolisoC. bioençrgetics

39. A cell divides into two daught€r cells. What is TRUE abor¡t EACH one ofthe two resultant c€llsA. the sr¡rface a¡ea/volume ratio ofeach cell increasesB. the surface area./voirme r¿tio ofeach cell decreasesC- the surfrce rea./vohme ratio of each cell remains constantD. the volume ofeach cell decreases by one fourthE. the surface a¡ea ofeach cell increases bv one half

D. A¡swers A and BE. A¡srvers A and C

D.E.

it always involves cofactorsthe products contain more energy Îàan thereactants

D. an exergonic reactionE- a hydrolytic action

NJSL Bio II Jan 2008

40. Prokaryotic cells may contåin all of the following EXCEPT:A. flagella B, DNA C. cell rryalls D. plasma membrranes E- centrosomes

For questions 41-44, use this eneiry profile graph ofa chemical reaction without ân eDz!.me:

Progress al thc ßeoclìon41. Which number represenls the r€actants?

A. I B. II C.M D- IV E-V

c.lII D. rv

43. Which nr¡mber represents the activation onergl ofthe forwaid reaction?A. I B. II

42- Which number represents ÀG?A. I B- II

D- l0-rl M E. t0-7 M

47. How does the following reaction in our blood resist pH changes?

HzCO¡ ë HCOt+ ÉA. the reaction acts as a buffer D.B. þCO3 acts as an acid E-C. HCQ- acts as a base

E. Cannot tell Êom grdph

E.V

M

c.ü D. IV

How would the graph be alt€red, if an enzyme for the reaction were addedA. the "bill" ofIII would be loweredB. the "hill" ofIII would be raisedC. the AG ofthe reaction would be decreasedD. tle ÁG oftbe reaction would be increasedE. the graph would not be altered

A student tested a solution and formd that the pH was 3 .0. What is the hydrogen ion concentration in the sohúion?4.3% 8.30% c. 10'MD. l0-3 M E. 3.0 M

What ís the hydroxide (OIf) concentration ofthe solution ûom question 45?A. 970/o B. 1V/o c. 104

Answers A, B, and C are all trueThis reaction never occurs in our blood

NJSL Bio II Jan 2008

48. Avogadro's number of sucrose (C12H22O¡ 1) molecules has rvhat mass(atomic hass of C is 12.00, H is 1.00, O isr6.00)?

^. 6.02X 10-23 grams D. 342 grams

B. 6.O2X 10-23 kilograms E. 180 grams

C. 2.05 X 1026 grams

¿19- All ofrhe following statements about watrf are true EXCEPT?. A. Water has a spesific heat of 1 caVgl'Celsius

B. Wat€r molecules stick to each other by cohesion

C. Water is rhe least dense at 4" CelsiusD. Water has a high heat of pofizafionE- Water has a high surfrce tension due to the collective shength of its hydrogen bonds

50. Who believed that all living things could be arranged on a scala nâturåe?A- Plato B. Jean Baptiste Lamarck C. Ar¡stotleD. Charles Darwin E. Caolus Linnaeus

5l - Who developed the binomial system ofnaming organismsA. Charles Da¡win B. Arisûotle s C. Carolus LinnaeuD. Charles Lyell E. Jean Baptiste l^amarck

52. What is a measure ofthe clarity ofan image in mioroscopy?A. resolution B. magnification C- Aactionation

. D. restriction E. dþersion

' 53- Where are proæins synthesized in a prokaryote cell?A. in the nucleoid region D. on the piliB- atthedbosomes E. prokaryote cells do not synthesize proteinsC. in the capsule

54. Which scientist stated that cells arise only ûom other preexisting cells?A- Robert Hooke B. Robert BroÌvn C. Matthias SchleidenD. RudolphVirchow E. Anton vanleeuwenhoek

55. A hÞothesis can be best described as a/a¡:A. experiment ïvith a contolB. proven theory about an observationC. possible explanation for what we have observedD. experiment \a¡ith at least 2 variablesE, guess about an observatioo

56. Which seientist developed the hypothesis ofseúal enilosymbiosis, proposing that mitochonalda andchloroplasts were foúerly small prokaryotes living within larger cells?A. Carl Woese B- Lynn Margulis C. Francis CrickD. Thomas Cech E. A. I. Oparin

57. In chemiosmosis ATP is produced from ADP and P¡ (inorganic phosphate) whenA. protons are pumped against a gradient.B. If ions leak back affoss a membrane in a conFollsd manner.

. C. electons are r€moved from water,D. É ions collect in a very læge concentrdion on one side ofa membr¿ne.E. water diff¡ses across the memb¿ne ofthe thylakoid-

58. lD C4 plants, lbe enzyme tbat fixes CO, to PEP (pbosphoenolpyruvate) is a/m:A. carborylase D. kinaseB. ATPase E. isomer¿sC. hexokinase

NJSL Bio II Jan 2008

59. What is rhe final electon acceptor in glycoþsis ifno 02 is present?A. glucose B. acetylcoA C. NAD* D. water E. pyruvate

ó0. Molecules move from areas ofhigher concentration to areas oflower concentration by what mechanism/s?

C. active transport

6 I . A plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution Predict the outcone:A. cholesterol ín cell membra¡re will sbift D. cell will exhibit plasmolysisB. cellwill crenate E- both a¡rswers A andDC. cell will exhibit turgor pressurc

62. A red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution Predict the outcome:

A. diffixionB. passive transport

A. cell will þeB. cell will crenat€C. cell will exhibit tügor pressure

A. oxidize FADH2B. oxidize'NADHC. make glucose

Prokaryoæs exhibit genetic recombination b¡cA. tramsformationB. conjugationC. transduction

Il aerobic respiration, what produces the mostATP?A. gþoþsisB- oxitlativephosphorylæionC. substrate level phosphorylation

D. both answers A and BE- both answe¡s B and C

D. cell will begin mitotic division to avoidbursting

E. botb answers A and D

D. break down glucoseE. provide enerry for ATP synthesis

D. binary fissionE. answen A, B, and C are true

the Calvin cyclenoncyclic photophosphorylation

63. Whicb ofthe follou'ing stâtemerts comparing endergonic and exergonic ¡eactions is correit?A- endergonic reactions give off enerry; exergonic reactions do not give off eners¡B. endergonic reactions require energ¡r inpu! exergonic reactions release energ¡rC- endergonic reactions.ahvays require enzymes; exergonic reactions never requhe enzrynesD. endergonic reactions occur within cells; exergonic reactions occur outside cellsE. endergonic reactions require ihe input ofATP; exergonic reactioDs require the input ofheat energr

64. The elecnon transport system is located:A. On the inne¡ membrane of fhe RERB. Inside the maaix ofthe chloroplasrC. On tìe outer membr¿ne ofthe mitochondriaD. On th€ out€r membrane ofthe Golgi apparatusE. None of úe above is a correct answer-

65. In noncyclic photophosphorylation, electrons that leave chlorophyll molecules are replaced þ elec¡ons from:A. light B, oxygen gas C. carbon dioxide gas D. ïr¡atü E- cycbromes

66. Which is a correct statement about photosyothetic pigrnents?A. each ofthe pipents absorbs light of a different wavelengthB. each of fhe pipents absorbs light and converts it immediately to the chemical energ/ of ATpC. each pipent fluoresces a different color redD. a of the pipents have the same Rf in paper chromatographyE. all ofrhe pigpents have idertical molecular weights

67. As elec*ons move tlrough the electron tra¡sport cbain, tbey release enerry. This enerry is used to:

6E.

69.D.E.

NJSL Bio II Jan 2008

'Ì.il

:ìrl70. Some bacæ¡ial cells possess attâchment str¡rctues projecting fron their surface. These structures are called:

A. mesosomes B. pili C. kinetochoæs D. ligands E. chromophores

7 1 . How tloes a prokaryote genome difer from tha¡ of a twical eukaryote g€nome? The prokaryote genome iscomposed of:A. RNA instead of DNAB. Only half âs much DNA as the eukæyote genomeC. One single-sranded molecule ofDNAD. A ring of double-streded DNA.E. Small ribosomes

72. The named taxonomic lmit at any classification level is a/an:A. taxon B. order C. domain D- suþhylm E. division

73. Which conponent ofthe plasma membrane helps cells recognize and dislinguish between þpes ofneighbmingcells?

A. the phospholipid layerB. the míctofilamentsC. the integral proteinsD. tle glycoproteinsE- the cholesterol

74. What is the ^G

for the following reaction?

Cdrz0r+úOz+6CO:+6IIz0A. 666 kcaVmoleB. -ó86 kcal/moleC- 7.3 kcal/moleD- 13 kczllmoleE- zrÌo

75. Nearly all cellular.wo¡k depends o¡ nolecules ofATPA. attacking ohemical bonds of organic moleculesB- being produced fiom anabolic processes

C. heating up organic moleculesD, acting as a cofactor for en.rymes

Ê. energizing molecules þ transferring phosphate groups

76. Which ofthe folloù'ing cellular organelles helps detoxiry drugs, usually by adrting hydroryl groups to the drugs?A. the qucleolusB. the smooih endôphsnic reticulumC. the mitocbond¡iaD. rhã Goþi apparatusE. the ribosomes

NJSL Bio II Jan 2008

For questions 77-EO, study the follo$,iDg dâtâ fiom aD experiment condücted by a student using Plønsr¡ajshìgtest subject:

N\mberofPlunada pII ofCüt in half growth

medium

Nnmher of PhnøriL that regenerated poster¡or ends

77. What problem is being investigated?A. How çickþ do Plønaríaregenerate2B- How dæs Planoria rcgeÍe¡ation aflect pH?C. How does acid aflect the regeneration m Planqria?D. How does pH affectlhenmber of PlanaridìE. How does pH affecf. Plorraria regeæralioî?

78. What is the conlrol for this experiment?A. The group growing in pH 7-4B. The group growing in pH 7.0C. The numbor of Planaria is equralto 50D. The way the animals u,ere cüt in halfE. The same number ofdays in each group

?9. What is the most valid oonclusion based on the above dat¿?A. Pure wdter stimulates mitosis in cellsB. The percentage ofregeneration increaæs uthen Planøria are placed in an alkaline solutionC- Plqnariq rcgeneftle only in pure lvd€rD. Water increases mitosis in cellsE- Thé percentage of regene'''iúion m Plønarid is greatest in a pH 7.0 sohrtion

80. What other factors did rhis stude¡t have to consider to insure that this was a ionfrolled experiment?A. temper¿tue should be consht in each çoûditionB. the mount of light should be constant in each conditionC. the same species of Planøria sbottld,be used in each conditionD. AandCB. A,B,andC

¡rH I)av I Dav 2 Drv 3 Dav 4 Dav 5 Dav 6 I)av 7 Dav I Ðav 9'0 7.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 72 0 o o 0 0 I 2 2 00 1.4 0 0 0 0 2 4 2 o0 6:8 0 0 0 0 0 I ., I o0 6.6 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0

NJSL Bio tr Jan 2008