4th / b george w.s. hou (ntu) itep, 7/24/06 1 fourth generation manifestations in b decays july 24,...
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4th/B George W.S. Hou (NTU) ITEP, 7/24/06 1
Fourth Generation Manifestationsin B Decays
July 24, 2006, ITEP, Moscow
4th/B George W.S. Hou (NTU) ITEP, 7/24/06 2
Outline
I Introduction: Rates vs CPV 7
II AA = AK+ AK+ 0 10
LO PQCD; SS in QCDF; Towards NLO PQCD
III Consistency and b s Predictions 4
bsll vs mBs; sin2sin2BBss; AK*;
IV 4 x 4 Unitarity: Z bb and Kaon constraints
Predictions — KL ; (mD;) sin2sin2BBdd; 6
& AAKK ++J/J/ 3
V Conclusion 1
coworkers M. Nagashima, G. Raz, A. Soddu + H.n. Li, S. Mishima
_
4th/B George W.S. Hou (NTU) ITEP, 7/24/06 3
I. Introduction Rates vs CPV
Rates: Pure EWP
Z dominance for heavy top
Measured Belle ’02
nondecoupling
WSH, Soni, Willey, PRL’87
Rates: P-EWP Interference Deshpande and He, PRL’95 (also Buras and Fleischer)
Deshpande, He, WSH and Pakvasa, PRL’99
K
K
K
K
_d
d
Ku u
Bsb K
K
K
K
Stimulated by CLEO ‘98
Precursor to Rc - Rn
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Buras @ CKM05
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Fleischer @ CKM05Comment• These ratios are “bad” expt’lly: sensitive to K and systematics
• Absolute rates, even ratios, are subject to theoretical uncertainty.
• Direct CPV (or TCPV) are better ratios expt’lly, and theoretically: subject to strong phase only.
No CPV Phase in Vts ? Great !
— Probe New PhysicsNew Physics
Arhrib and WSH, EPJC’03
4th Generation as template
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On Boxes and Z Penguins
GIM, charm, εK
small ε’K, K (still waiting)
heavy top, sin2
Z dominance for heavy top1986 2002
nondecoupling
All w/ 3-gen., Just wait if there’s 4th
D !
b’, t ’ @ LHC
Bs
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44thth generation? — The jury is out …
• Particle mass ~ EW scale Natural: W, Z, H; top the only fermion, so …
• NN = 3 = 3, ca. 1989: b’ stock collapsed …Well, now neutrino has mass Something extra out there ➯ Pls attend A. Soddu talk at ICHEP
• Trouble with S parameter (PDG04, 06) ?- Possible if neutral lepton N relatively light, mN ~ 55 GeV (Maltoni,) Novikov, Okun, Razanov, Vysotsky
- PDG: Direct b’/t’ search; Unitarity (CKM) listings
• EW|mt’ –mb’ | ≲ MW
In era of LHC, can Directly Search for b’, t ’ Once and For All !
eV Seesaw and 44thth Generation Generation
FlavourFlavour
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March of the B Penguins
• EMP: B K*1993 (CLEO) b s1995 (CLEO)
• Strong P: B K’K1998 (CLEO)
Direct CPV2004 (BaBar/Belle)
4th gen. effect subdued …
• EWP: B K ℓℓ2002 (Belle)b s ℓℓ2002 (Belle)
no apparent 4th gen. effect
So why bother ?
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Belle PRL’04
Started theory work after this.Started theory work after this.
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II A = AK+ AK+ 0
WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRL’05
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Why A = AK+ AK+ > 0 a Puzzle ?
?
A ~ 0 expected
10.81.7 % 44 %
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_d
d
Ku u
Bsb
Why A = AK+ AK+ > 0 a Puzzle ?
Large C ?
Large EWPenguin ?
Suppress Tree CPV Phase
Need NP CPV Phase∵ T and PEW
≈ same strong phase
?
t, t’ 4th Gen. in EWP Natural
A ~ 0 expected
10.81.7 % 44 %
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SM 3
Effective b s Hamiltonian and t’ Effect
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SM 4
SM 3
new unitarity condition
new penguin from t’
Effective b s Hamiltonian and t’ Effect
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Tree
QCD penguin
EW penguin SM4 naturally Impact on EWP
Wilson Coefficients at MW Scale(No New Operators)
nondecoupling
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Factorizable
Non-Factorizable
Penguin Annihilation w/ Strong Phase
LO PQCD
TP Pa
Li, Sanda, Keum 2001
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4th/B George W.S. Hou (NTU) ITEP, 7/24/06 18
_d
d
K
u u
sbB
Factorizable
Non-Factorizable
PEW (Ta) C
LO PQCD
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EWP
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From Constraints
• Some parameter space allowed
• sb ~ /2 favored by
both ACP(K) and ⊕
ACP(K) ~ 11, ACP(K) ~ +0.04 ?
IndependentlyUnchanged by
mBs
measurement
WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRL’05
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Right trend for SK, SK
SK, SK
hep-ph/0603097WSH, Nagashima, Raz, Soddu
QCDF NLO s3PQCD LONF (QCDF-LO)
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Robustness Against Hadronic Uncertainty
Vary H ard spectator Weak A nnihilation
around QCDF “s3” value of
• BRs: hadr. uncertainty
• SK, SK Robust
• S’K diluted away
3 BR range
QCDF
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WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRL’05LO PQCD ⊕ 4th Gen.
A 12% vs 15% (data)
Toward NLO PQCDWC + VC + QL + MP Li, (Sanda,) Mishima
NLO PQCD ⊕ 4th Gen.
A 15% S 0.11
SM3 input
vs 0.380.26 (data)
WSH, Li, Mishima, Nagashima, in prep.
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III Consistency and b s Predictions
flavor/4th generation George W.S. Hou (NTU) JC 3/27//06 25
4th generation not excluded
favored
allowed
Arhrib and WSH
YanirHattori, Hasuike and Wakaizumi
Independently
Constraints
WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRL’05
flavor/4th generation George W.S. Hou (NTU) JC 3/27//06 26
and Prospects
Just Around Corner!(SM3-like)
~ to !Defintely BSMif measured !
Phase
Could Tevatron Measure These !?
Update at ICHEP ’06
WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRL’05
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Consistency and b s Predictions
BR OK ACP ~ 0 far away
beyond SuperB
PDG ’06
SM3
SM3
Heavy t’ effectdecoupledfor b s
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AK+ AK 14%0.020.040.020.13 HFAG
K0 Predictions
Not in good agreement — Await further test
Rc ≲ Rn ≈ 1.08 R ≈ 0.94
(0.11 0.18 0.08) Belle
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IV 4 x 4 Unitarity: Z bb and Kaon constraints_
WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRD’05 hep-ph/0605080
➯ AKJ/ 0 ?
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Parameterization for B (’n K; ’n b’) WSH, Soni, Steger, PLB ’87
SM3
3 new angles, 2 new CPV phases
s b
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4 x 4 Unitarity ➯ Constraints
We need to deal with mixing matrix in detail to keep Unitarity
From b → s study
SM3
Kaon b s
b dimpose
Cross Check !
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Constrain s d from K Physics
(J. Bijnens et al.)
(E. Pallante et al.)
Therefore….
well-satisfy !
“Standard”
No SM3 solution
(shaded)
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well-satisfy
Hard to tell apart (non-trivial) with present precision∵ stringent s d
vs Vub ~ 0.01 e-i
Disfavored
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Implication for
Rate enhanced up to almost two orders !!
Grossman-Nir
Current E391A U.L.
Very hard to measure
SM 3
enhanced to or even higher !!
In general larger than !!
∵ Large CPV Phase
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Double Cabibbo (Too)
Large/Imaginary
tbtdVV
btdt VV
cbcdVV
ubudVV
x ~ 0.22
tbtsVV
btst VV
cbcsVV ubusVV
“Typical” CKM Matrix
b s b d
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Intriguing “Prediction”: AJ/K + 0 ?
_c
cJ/
Ku u
Bsb t, t’
• B J/K+ dominated by color suppressed b ccs (a2)
- Inclusion of SM3 Penguin does not alter Weak Phase ~ 0• The amplitude above likely has Strong PhaseStrong Phase - B J/K+ Rate is enhanced: “hadronic”
- Analogous to enhancement seen in B D
➯ ° - Further support from Strong Phase in B J/K*: °• Enter t’ effect: - Weak PhaseWeak Phase ee
ii sbsb
- Factorized amplitude : J/spits off from virtual Z
➯ ° Likely Retained
Expt
Making of DCPV !InterferenceInterference
WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, hep-ph/0605080
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Another hint: Low SJ/K ?
0.685 ± 0.0320.685 ± 0.032 HFAG 0.790 ± 0.031 UTfit
CKMfit0.752 0.0570.035
vs.
indirect Belle/BaBar
PDG ’06
AJ/K + 0 ?
PDG ’05
similar to S
°
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PDG ’06
• AJ/K + is getting serious: careful studies started• Systematics Study becomes Theme — Needed towards SuperB !!
Could be seen by 2008 ?! Better than A and S ?
Prognosis for AJ/K + Measurement
Sign flip
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b s CPV Phenomena Is Current NP Frontier
• Sf in b sqq
• AK+- AK+0 Puzzle
• Sf in b scc ?
Two Hints
Can All 3 Arise from PEW w/ 4th Generation ?
Seemingly Yes.
Three ?
Check AJ/K +
V. Conclusion
Best Bets may be sin2sin2 BBss < 0< 0 and AAJ/J/KK ++ 0 0
Model-indep. treatmennt: Sinha, Basuda, WSH, hep-ph/0605194