4th generation mobile_communication
TRANSCRIPT
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FOURTH GENERATION MOBILE COMMUNICATION
TO PERVASIVE COMMUNICATION
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Elements of Mobile Cellular
Communication Network
HLRVLR
cell
BS
Mobile Unit The Cell MSC
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MAC layer
Packets from higher layer small sub packets
Stop-and-wait ARQ Go-back N ARQ
Selective-repeat ARQ
ARQ - Automatic Retransmission and Fragmentation Mechanism
TYPES OF ARQ SYSTEM
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Stop-and-wait ARQ
Go-back N ARQ
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Selective-repeat ARQ
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Fig-5: 3D Model Representing Mobile Communication Syste
TDMA
FDMA
TDMA,CDMA
CDMA
LA CDMA, WCDMA multirate CDMA
UTRA
GPRS
GSM,IS-54, TDMA
AMPS, TACS, NMT
Target2-5GHz
100Mbps to
1Gbps
2000Mhz to 2200Mhz
2Mbps
1800Mhzto1900MHz
171 to 384Kbp
s
800MHz to 900MHz
9.6 to 14.4Kbps
935 Mhz to 950 Mhz
2.4 to 30Kbp
s
On the way. With high frequency mobile extension, accompanying a variety of new techniques having a data rate 260 times of 3G.
DSP
ASP
Packet Switching
ISP,WCDMA,
CDMA
uPGPS
Proposal for AMC OFDM
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Introduction to Pervasive communication
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All these existing and upcoming networks, combined together, are promising a global scale distributed
infrastructure
for
“all-time everywhere” communication,
known as
Pervasive Communication,
that seamlessly and ubiquitously aids users in accomplishing their tasks effortlessly.
Pervasive Communication
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WIRED BACKBOME NETWORK
WIRED over WIRELESS NETWORK
PERVASIVE NETWORK
PERVASIVE COMPUTING SYSTEM
WIRELESS ACCESS
PERVASIVENESS MANAGEMENT
MIDDLEWARE SUPPORT
Network View
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An overall infrastructural support to provide proactively a rich set of computing capabilities and services to a user (may be a nomad) every time everywhere in a transparent, integrated and convenient way.
Pervasive Computing (PerCom)
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PerCom Components• Pervasive computation embeded computers and sensors “everywhere”embeded computers and sensors “everywhere”
• in devices, appliances, equipment, in homes, workplaces and factories, and even in clothing.
• Pervasive communication everywhere”a high degree communicationeverywhere”a high degree communication
• through a ubiquitous and secure network infrastructure
– with a wired core and wireless adjuncts (shell) that communicate with the core.
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• Computing will be everywhere: pens, cans, pads, boards, coffee machines, alarm watches, etc.– Invisible and sublime
• Communication will be everywhere: among all devices– Wired and/or wireless– Single-hop or multi-hop
• Some of the devices (like refrigerators, ovens, etc.) already have computers incorporated, but without the capability of communicating among each other
Pervasiveness
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Intelligent Refrigerator• Take out last can of milk
• Swipe can’s UPC label, which adds milk to your shopping list for Friday afternoon
• Make a note that you need milk for the guests you are having over this weekend
Intelligent Refrigerator
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• Friday rolls around and you have not bought milk
• You are on your way back from office
• Deadline-based reminder is sent by the refrigerator to your pager
Reminder to Pager
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• AutoPC informs you that you are now near a supermarket
• Opportunistic reminder: “If it is convenient, stop to buy milk”
Helpful AutoPC
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Pervasive Network (PerNet)
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PerCom Architecture• PerCom architecture can be framed into three broad
areas: – PerNet
• networking,
– PerWare• middleware,
– PerApp• applications
• To implement this architecture, all the three sets of technologies must be used judiciously
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Applications
Middlewares
Network (PerNet)
user
user
user
user
PerCom Model
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• Smartness involves accurate sensing (input) followed by intelligent control or action (output) between two worlds– namely machine and human
• E.g., a pervasive computing system that automatically adjusts heating, cooling, and lighting levels in a room depending on an occupant’s electronic profile must have – some form of perception to track the person
and also – some form of control to adjust the ventilation
and lighting systems
Smartness
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Conclusion
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Thank You !!!