5. a m avenues...5 5.2.2 commemoration, history and associations 2 (3%) avenues were planted for the...

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5. AUSTRALIAN MEMORIAL AVENUES Information from published literature, personal discussions with members of the public

and the arboricultural profession and the survey forms conducted by this study have

been collated to produce a summary of memorial avenues throughout Australia. This list

contains historical and descriptive information where available and represents all avenues

known to these contributors. This list is unlikely to contain all avenues ever planted and

may contain inaccuracies. It is possible that some avenues, particularly in Victoria, have

been listed twice as some avenues have been called different names by different sources.

All care has been made to only include factual information but a detailed investigation of

all individual avenues is required for complete accuracy. In some isolated cases certain

facts may already be lost to history and we must rely on opinion and conjecture.

FIG 5.1: BACCHUS MARSH AVENUE OF HONOUR, VIC. (SARAH COCKERELL 2007)

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5.1 Australian Capital Territory and Northern Territory

No avenues were identified in the Northern Territory. Several single trees and other

vegetative memorials exist. Only 2 avenues within the ACT have been identified. No

council surveys were completed for these avenues.

5.1.1. Locations, Tree Details, Signs and Plaques

The small number of avenues in the ACT is probably caused by the small area occupied

by the Territory and the proximity of various federal memorials. Instead of local

communities building their own memorials the presence of the federal government in

Canberra resulted in larger, national memorials such as the Australian War Memorial.

It is not known why the memorial at Hall contains such a variety of species or if any of

the trees were replacements from the original planting.

The individual engraved plaques at the Hall memorial are typical of memorials planted for

WW1. No information is available on any signage at the Canberra High School Memorial.

5.1.2 Commemoration, History and Associations

Exact dates for the planting of these avenues are not known but the commemorative

details, representing men from the local area, are typical of memorial avenues.

No further details about either avenue have been discovered. More localised research is

needed.

Further investigation is needed to identify any other references.

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FIG 5.1: ACT MEMORIAL AVENUES – LOCATIONS, TREE DETAILS, SIGNS AND PLAQUES

Name Street Town Details Original Features OP AP

Description and Comments

Species Signs Plaques

Canberra Canberra

Canberra High School leading to the main entrance.

Evergreen trees.

Hall Victoria Ave Hall From Gladstone St to Halls Creek.

Single row of trees. 17 16

1 Radiata Pine (Pinus radiata), 5 White Poplar (Populus alba), 2 English Elm (Ulmus procera), 2 Aleppo Pine (Pinus halepensis), 1 Pin Oak (Quercus palustris), 2 Roman Cypress (Cupressus sempervirens 'Stricta'), 1 English Oak (Quercus robur), 1 Canary Island Pine (Pinus canariensis) and 1 Lombardy Poplar (Populus nigra ‘Italica’).

Memorial park is signposted.

All trees marked by hardwood post with attached engraved plaque stating the soldiers name.

OP – Original planting, number of trees. AP – At present, number of trees.

FIG 5.2: ACT MEMORIAL AVENUES – COMMEMORATION, HISTORICAL DETAILS, ASSOCIATIONS AND REFERENCES

Name Date War Details Recognition Current Status History Local

Council

Other Associated Groups References

Canberra Circa 1946 WW2 For former students

killed in war. Avenue was proposed by the Canberra High School. Unknown if avenue was planted.

ACT Local Authority Canberra Times 11/07/1946.

Hall Early 1920's WW1 Men from the Hall

district who served. Complete. ACT Local Authority

Website - Southwell-Keeley, War Memorials in Australia 2007. www.skp.com.au/memorials

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5.2 New South Wales

67 memorial avenues have been identified in New South Wales. Of these, 36 (54%) were

surveyed by council. 3 (4%) were surveyed by the local RSL branch or interested

individuals. These results can be found in Chapter 6.


Location information is available for most avenues. Only 8 (12%) have no other detail

than a town or suburb reference. At least 12 (18%) avenues are located in parks or

school grounds. One avenue, Murrumbateman, is located within the grounds of a church.

The number of trees in New South Wales avenues varies from as few as 3 (in Eltham) to

2000 at Cowra, although most avenues contain less than 100 trees. It is unclear how

many trees were originally planted in 37 (55%) cases and how many remain in 35 (52%)

cases. Single rows of trees are quite common although slightly more are reported to be

double rows of trees. At Gundagai the trees are arranged to form a cross.

Camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora) were the most commonly used species and is

now causing replacement difficulties as the tree has been declared a noxious weed.

Eucalyptus/Corymbia species were also common and at least 47 tree species have been

used in NSW memorials. 17 of these species appear to have only been used in this state

including Hoop Pine (Araucaria cunninghamia), She-oak (Casuarina spp.), Kaffir Plum

(Harpephyllum caffrum), Pistachio (Pistacia spp.) and Elderberry (Sambucus nigra). 16

(24%) avenues used multiple tree species. 24 (56%) avenues still require species

identification.

At least 15 avenues have fewer than the original number of trees remaining and several

avenues have had replacement trees planted. In one case at Canowindra the

replacement trees were grown from cutting taken from the original trees.

Only 11 (16%) avenues are reported as having some form of signage and at least 25

(37%) originally had individual tree plaques. Of these 18 (27%) have had all plaques lost

or removed.

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2 (3%) avenues were planted for the Boer War at Eltham in 1901 and Junee in 1903. The

first WW1 avenue was started just after the start of the war in Camden in 1914. 25

(37%) avenues were planted before 1920. Most of the avenues commemorate WW1

(79%) with only 18 (27%) commemorating WW2. Only 5 (7%) new avenues have been

planted since 1990.

The avenues were often planted for fallen servicemen but at least 6 avenues

commemorated all who served. 2 avenues specifically commemorate prisoners of war,

the Japanese memorial at Cowra (2) and memorial for 3 brothers at Eltham, one of

whom died in a POW camp.

Many avenues have at least some local recognition and two, Goulburn and O’Connell, are

recognised by the national trust.

5 (7%) avenues have been destroyed but at least 15 (22%) are complete or have been

expanded from their original plantings. The current status of 39 (58%) avenues is

unknown.

Historical details are available for most avenues although further research is needed in at

least 21 (31%) cases. At least 11 (16%) avenues are still used during the year for

various commemoration services. The orange (Citrus sinensis) avenue at Bingara is

unique for the annual festival connected to it for ‘picking day’ where local children collect

the ripe fruit from the trees.

In 44 (%) cases RSL clubs associated with the trees have been identified although it

cannot be confirmed if these branches are still active. Only one community group has so

far been associated with any avenue, the Kentucky memorial tree committee. Further

local investigation is needed to identify any other references and to fill the remaining

gaps in the following tables.

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FIG 5.3: NSW MEMORIAL AVENUES – LOCATIONS, TREE DETAILS, SIGNS AND PLAQUES

Name Street Town Details Original Features OP AP Description and

Comments Species Signs Plaques

Albury Main St Albury Up hill to War Memorial. Red Flowering gum (Corymbia

ficifolia)

Ballina Crane St and Cherry St Ballina 68 38

All the Cherry St trees have been removed and some of the Crane St trees are missing.

37 Camphor Laurel (Cinnamomum camphora), 1 Kaffir Plum (Harpephyllum caffrum).

Berkeley Vale Pindarri Ave Berkeley

Vale Berkeley Vale Public School.

Berry Alexandra St Berry Single row of trees. 36 33

Brushbox (Lophostemon confertus), Brittle gum (Eucalyptus mannifera), Lemon Scented gum (Corymbia citriodora).

Bronze plaques with tubular steel frames were originally mounted in front of the trees. These have been relocated to the adjacent Anzac Park.

Bingara Finch St Bingara Double row of trees.

72 100 99 Navel Orange (Citrus sinensis) + 1 Valencia from original planting.

Sign marks avenue.

Blackheath Park Ave Blackheath Blackheath Memorial Park.

Double row of trees.

72-77 19 Common rhododendron (Rhododendron ponticum). No plaques

remain.

Camden Camden Macarthur Park


16 16 Canary Island Date Palm (Phoenix canariensis). No plaques

remain.

Canowindra Eugowna Rd Canowindra Double row of trees.

≈100 ≈100

Most of original trees removed. Replacement trees are cuttings from original trees.

probably Canadian poplar (Populus x canadensis 'Regenerata').

No plaques remain.

Collaroy

Corner Pittwater Rd and Birdwood Ave

Collaroy Single row of trees. 6+

6 trees along Pittwater Rd (+ others in adjoining park)

Norfolk Island pine (Araucaria heterophylla).

Sandstone plaque on Pittwater Rd marks avenue.

No plaques remain.

7



Condobolin Diggers Ave Condobolin Southern entrance to town.


Peppercorn tree (Schinus aeria var. molle) No plaques

remain.

Cowra (1) Lachlan Valley Way Cowra

Corner of Boorowa and Grenfell Rd's.


465 465

Peppercorn tree (Schinus aeria var. molle), Silky Oak (Grevillia robusta), Sugar Gum (Eucalyptus cladocalyx)

Plaque on rock marks rededication of avenue in 1991. Signs at both ends of avenue.

No plaques remain.

Cowra (2) Evans St Cowra Cowra Prisoner of War Camp (former).


2000 2000 Japanese Flowering Cherry (Prunus serrulata)

Cudgegong Cudgegong Tree guards 57 Engraved tablets

on tree guards.

Cundletown Cundletown In the local park.

Dubbo Darling St Dubbo

It is not clear where the avenue starts and finishes.


Original trees removed due to damage caused by drainage works and incompatibility with drainage improvement works. They have been replaced.

London Planes (Platanus x acerifolia). No plaques

remain.

Dum Dum Dum Dum In the local school playground.

Camphor Laurel (Cinnamomum camphora), gums (Eucalyptus spp.), Wattle (Acacia spp.). Pittosporums (Pittosporum spp.). Elderberry (Sambucus nigra).

Never had individual plaques.

Dunedoo Bolara St and Wallaroo St Dunedoo 30

Eltham (1) Eltham Rd Eltham Both east and west entry to the town.

Double row of trees. Tree guards.

20-50? 1 Norfolk Island pine (Araucaria

heterophylla). No plaques remain.

8



Eltham (2) McKenzie Rd Eltham

Eltham Public School (formerly Cowlang Public School).

3+ 1

3 hoop pines in 1901, several ornamentals in 1919. Single hoop pine remains near entrance.

Hoop pine (Araucaria cunninghamia). No plaques

remain.

Eltham (3) Eltham

Adjacent (west of) to the Eltham pub/Hotel.


3 (2 remaining) Jacaranda Trees located between the pub and the old Butchers College west of the pub.

Jacaranda (Jacaranda mimosifolia).

Fairfield Anzac Ave Fairfield

From Fairfield Railway gates to gates of Fairfield Park.


Five Dock, Sydney

Great North Rd and Lyons Rd

Five Dock, Sydney

Forster Forster

Frederickton

East Frederickton Rd, Great Northern Rd and Edgar St

Frederickton Tree guards 58

Camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora), Silky oak (Grevilliea robusta), Buttonwoods (Platanus spp.), White cedar (Melia azedarach).

Freshwater (formally Harbord)

Soldiers Ave (formally Matheson St)

Freshwater Both sides of the road.

Double row of trees. Tree guards - 2 remain.

60 Brushbox (Lophostemen confertus). No plaques

remain.

Goulburn Memorial Dr and Park Rd Goulburn

On Rocky hill - trees may no longer exist.

0? Trees may no longer exist. gums (Eucalyptus spp.).

Gundagai Landon St Gundagai Anzac Grove. Trees form a cross.

47 ≈47 Kurrajong (Brachychiton populous).

Gunnedah 8th Div Memorial Dr Gunnedah Single row

of trees. 16 All trees have plaques.

Howlong Howlong Memorial Park. 6 0

9



Jerilderie Jerilderie

South of Township adjacent to Newell Hwy.

Junee Junee Endeavour Park.

Double row of trees - was 3 rows, now 2.

≈50 10 Peppercorn tree (Schinus aeria var. molle) No plaques

remain.

Kentucky New England Hwy and Noalimba Ave

Kentucky Opposite Kentucky Public School.

Single row of trees. Tree guards.

19 19 Pin Oak (Quercus palustris).

Memorial plaque in the middle of the avenue.

Kelso Kelso

Kempsey Kempsey West Kempsey Park. 180 No plaques

remain.

Krambach The Bucketts Way Krambach 54 Camphor laurel (Cinnamomum

camphora).

Laurieton Laurie St and Bold St Laurieton

Originally situated in Bold St from Tunis to Hanley St’s and Norman Lne to the Camden Haven River, Lake St and the School.


157 38

1 Hoop Pine (Araucaria cunninghamia), 1 Bunya Pine (Araucaria bidwillii), 8 Norfolk Island Pine (Araucaria heterophylla), 28 Camphor Laurels (Cinnamomum camphora) were planted. Some remain.

Sign marks avenue.

Lawson Broad St Lawson Off Great Western Hwy.

Spruce (Picea spp.), palm (Phoenix spp.), Lillypilly (Acmena smithii), Arbutus (Ericaceae spp.), Cypress (Cupressus spp.), palm (Butia spp.).

Signs at both ends of avenue.

Trees originally had plaques.

Leura Lone Pine Ave Leura 13 or 14 Plane (Platanus spp.).

Bronze tablets naming soldiers are attached to the memorial gateway.

10



Lindfield Tryon Rd Lindfield Single row of trees. 40?

Liquidamber (Liquidambar styraciflua), Ash (Fraxinus spp.), Lillypilli (Acmena smithii), Crepe Myrtle (Lagerstroemia spp.), Pistacid, gum (Eucalyptus spp.). Replacements will be 20 Crepe Myrtles (Lagerstroemia spp.) and 20 Christmas Bush (Ceratopetalum gummiferum).

Sign marks avenue.

No plaques remain.

Manly, Sydney

North Head Scenic Dr Manly Few Only remnant trees

remain. Norfolk Island Pine (Araucaria heterophylla)

Merrylands, Sydney Memorial Ave Merrylands


12 12 gums (Eucalyptus spp.). All trees have plaques.

Milton Prince's Hwy Milton

From the top of Stoney Hill to proposed monument site at the top of Thomas St.

Tree guards. 76 Few

Very few trees remain. Most were killed by Bygong Moths.

Mudgee Horatio St Mudgee

Between Burrundulla Ave and Lawson St.


Original trees removed in 2004 due to declining health and public safety.

Sugar gum (Eucalyptus cladocalyx) originally, replaced with Golden Wych elm (Ulmus glabra 'lutesens').

Murrum-bateman

Hercules St and Rose St

Murrum-bateman

Grounds of All Saints Anglican Church.

Only 3 metal plaques remain.

Murrum-burrah Murrum-

burrah 76

Narrabri Narrabri Sugar gum (Eucalyptus cladocalyx).

Narrandera Victoria Ave Narrandera Double row of trees.

208-240? ≈140

More trees to be planted - up to 240 total. Recent drought has taken toll on trees.

London Plane (Platanus x acerifolia) and White Cedar (Melia azedarach).

Sign marks avenue.

No plaques remain.

11



North Lismore Molesworth St North

Lismore

North side of Bridge at Molesworth St, including Winterton Pde and Alexander Pde.

Single row of trees. >20 Some trees were

replaced in 2004.

Silky oak (Grevillea robusta) - Winterton Pde, Jacaranda (Jacaranda mimosifolia) - Alexander Pde - none left.

Sign marks avenue.

No plaques remain.

O'Connell O'Connell Rd O'Connell

From Beaconsfield Rd to the O'Connell Hotel.


123 Desert Ash (Fraxinus oxycarpa). No plaques

remain.

Orange (1) Bathurst Rd Orange Lone Pine avenue to Memory Park.

Single row of trees. Tree Guards.

300+ 26

Trees originally lined both sides of Bathurst Rd. On the north side 9 remain at western end and 7 at the eastern end. On the south side 5 remain at western end, 5 at eastern. Most lost to road widening in the 1950s.

Indian cedar (Cedrus deodora), Lebanese Cedar (Cedrus libani).

Sign marks avenue.

Enamelled plaques. None remain.

Orange (2) March St Orange

Newman Park, corner of March St and Autumn St.


16 16

As these trees are located in a park they are protected from the normal road construction /clearance issues of streetscape avenues.

Pin Oak (Quercus palustris).

Orange (3) Bathurst Rd Orange

Gateway Park, entrance to Orange from East between Dairy Creek and Bunnings.


≈300

Some trees have been replaced due to poor species choice originally.

Poplar (Poplar spp.), gum (Eucalyptus spp.), Crepe Myrtle (Lagerstroemia spp.), Bald Cypress (Taxodium distichum), She-oak (Casuarina spp.).

Parkes Albert St Parkes In front of Parkes High School.

Single row of trees. 20 ≈20 Kurrajong (Brachychiton

populous). Sign marks avenue.

No plaques remain.

12



Ramsgate

Corner of Ramsgate Rd and Chuter Ave

Ramsgate Rotary Park. Single row of trees. 16 16

Trees were all the same size when planted but, due to inconsistent watering, now range between 2m and 6m in height.

Hills Weeping fig (Ficus microcarpa var. hillii).

Over half the trees have plaques.

Rappville Rappville 16

Council policy would remove Camphor Laurels and replace with native trees. Unknown if avenue is under threat.

Camphor Laurel (Cinnamomum camphora) and 1 Flame Tree (Brachychiton acerfolius).

Enamelled plaques. None remain.

Reefton Reefton

Small gold mining village est. 1895 midway between Temora and Barmedman.

Single row of trees. 10+ 0 Peppercorn tree (Schinus

aeria var. molle).

Rylstone Pinnacle Swamp Rd Rylstone

Located on road reserve - in a rural area.

5 London Plane (Plantanus x acerifolia), Conifer - unknown species.

Schofield St Alban's Ave Schofield 28 Shaw's Creek Shaw's

Creek In school grounds. 16

Stroud Road Stroud Road 32

Tamworth Gipps St Tamworth

Between Ebsworth St and Belmore St.

The Rock Main St The Rock

Tingha Tingha

Near Tingha Sports and Recreation Club.

4 40

Trundle Forbes St Trundle Trees line main street through town.


26 ≈26 Trees in decline, heavily lopped under powerlines.

Athol Tree (Tamari aphylla), Kurrajong (Brachychiton populous).

Most plaques remained (in 1987).

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Tuggerah Tuggerah Road leading to the railway station.


Native trees.

Uranquinty Uranquinty Wee Jasper Wee Jasper OP – Original planting, number of trees. AP – At present, number of trees. Note: Where avenues were reported as destroyed the number of trees remaining was determined to be 0 if no other number was given.

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FIG 5.4: NSW MEMORIAL AVENUES – COMMEMORATION, HISTORICAL DETAILS, ASSOCIATIONS AND REFERENCES


Council

Other Associated Groups

References

Albury 19/05/ 1928 WW1 Albury City

Council Courier (Ballarat) 24/05/1928

Ballina 25/04/ 1926 WW1 Partly

Damaged. Ballina Shire Council Australian Forest History

Society (2002).

Berkeley Vale

11/11/ 2000

WW1 and all later conflicts.

For all fallen servicemen and women since federation.

Wyong Shire Council

Website - Southwell-Keeley, War Memorials in Australia 2007.

Berry 1920s WW1 and WW2

Local recognition - Local Garden group and Local Council

Complete The avenue is used on Anzac Day and Remembrance Day.

Shoalhaven City Council Berry RSL

Website - Australian Heritage Places Inventory 2009, www.heritage.gov.au/ahpi/index.html. Shoalhaven City Council - Survey response.

Bingara 1952 WW1 and WW2

For fallen servicemen.

Local recognition - RSL sub branch, local community

Expanded

The avenue was planted by the local RSL in cooperation with the local council. The avenue is used on Anzac Day and Remembrance Day. Since 1988 there has been an annual festival and a 'picking day' associated with the trees when local school children collect the fruit from the trees. The oranges are then shared by the community.

Gwydir Shire Council Bingara RSL

Website - Southwell-Keeley, War Memorials in Australia 2007. Gwydir Shire Council - Survey response.

Blackheath 1920 WW1 Local recognition

Severely Damaged.

The avenue was planted by the community and the local council.

Blue Mountains City Council

Blackheath-Mt Vic RSL

Blue Mountains City Council - Survey response.

Camden 1914-18 WW1 Local recognition Complete Avenue used to be used for Anzac Day

March. Camden Council Camden RSL Camden Council - Survey

response.

Canowindra Early to mid 1930s

WW1 Complete Cabonne Shire Council

Cabonne Shire Council - Survey response.

Collaroy 1925 WW1 For fallen servicemen.

Local recognition - Local Council

The avenue was planted by the community and the local council.

Warringah Council Warringah Council - Survey

response.

Condobolin August 1920 WW1

For 66 soldiers and 3 nurses killed.

Local recognition Funds for the avenue were raised by

public subscription.

Lachlan Shire Council

Condobolin RSL

Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Lachlan Shire Council - Survey response.

15


Council


References

Cowra (1) 1917 WW1

For those from the district who served.

Local recognition Complete

The secretary of the Women's club decided to plant a memorial avenue and went to Sydney to acquire the trees. The avenue was planted on arbour day 1917 officially opened in 1918 by the Deputy Premier of NSW and senior military officials. The avenue was re-dedicated on the 27th of July 1991.

Cowra Shire Council Cowra RSL

Website - Southwell-Keeley, War Memorials in Australia 2007. Cowra Shire Council - Survey response.

Cowra (2) 1988 WW2 Japanese prisoners of war.

Complete

The avenue connects the Japanese and Cowra War cemeteries, the camp site and the Cultural Centre. The avenue was extended in 1991 to link the war cemetery and the Japanese gardens

Cowra Shire Council Cowra RSL

Correy 2002, pg 151. Website - Australian Heritage Places Inventory 2009, www.heritage.gov.au/ahpi/index.html.

Cudgegong Before 1921 WW1 For fallen

servicemen. Bathurst Regional Council

Survey of War Memorials 1920-21.

Cundletown Before 1921 WW1

For local men who enlisted.

Greater Taree City Council


Dubbo WW1 Local recognition - RSL Branch

The avenue was established by the local RSL.

Dubbo City Council Dubbo RSL Dubbo City Council - Survey

response.

Dum Dum Before 1921 WW1 Signing of

peace. Tweed Shire Council Survey of War Memorials

1920-21.

Dunedoo 15/04/ 1995

WW1 and all subsequent conflicts.

For fallen servicemen.

Warrumbungle Shire Council


Eltham (1) Circa 1920 WW1

Local recognition - Richmond River Historical Society Inc.

Destroyed The avenue was established by the Eltham Primary Producers Union.

Lismore City Council Lismore City Council - Survey

response.

Eltham (2) 1901 + 1919

Boer War, WW1 and WW2.

Destroyed The avenue was planted by the 'scholars' of the local school.

Lismore City Council Lismore City Council - Survey

response.

16


Council


References

Eltham (3) Circa 1945 WW2

For 3 sons, one died in POW camp.

Partly Damaged.

The avenue was established by the local publican, Mrs C. Dickie, to commemorate her 3 sons.

Lismore City Council

The Eltham Hotel

Lismore City Council - Survey response.

Fairfield Before 1921 WW1 The avenue was established by the

local community. Fairfield City Council Survey of War Memorials

1920-21.

Five Dock, Sydney WW2 City of

Canada Bay Website - Southwell-Keeley, War Memorials in Australia 2007.

Forster July 1918 Great Lakes

Council Survey of War Memorials 1920-21.

Frederickton Before 1921 WW1 For fallen

soldiers. Funds for the avenue raised by local residents.

Kempsey Shire Council


Freshwater (formally Harbord)

1922 WW1 and WW2

For fallen soldiers.


The avenue was established by the local Progress Association. Avenue was originally used in Anzac day ceremonies.

Warringah Council Harbord RSL Warringah Council - Survey

response.

Goulburn WW1

National Trust - As part of War Memorial Precinct

The avenue was probably established by the school or the local Progress Association.

Goulburn Mulwaree Council

Goulburn Mulwaree Council - Survey response.

Gundagai 1930s WW1 Complete The avenue was planted by the local RSL. Avenue is used for the Anzac Day dawn service.

Gundagai Shire Council

Gundagai Shire Council - Survey response.

Gunnedah 8/12/ 1957 WW2

For fallen and returned servicemen.

Local recognition - RSL sub branch

The avenue was established by the RSL and the 8th Division Committee. The avenue was restored in 1988. The avenue is used for the Anzac Day march and for Remembrance Day ceremonies.

Gunnedah Shire Council

Gunnedah RSL

Website - Southwell-Keeley, War Memorials in Australia 2007. Gunnedah Shire Council - Survey response.

Howlong 1945 WW2 Destroyed Trees were planted by the families or soldiers killed in WW2.

Corowa Shire Council

Howlong RSL

Howlong RSL - Survey response

Jerilderie Local recognition

The second section of the avenue was planted by the Jerilderie Shire council in the mid to late 80s.

Jerilderie Shire Council

Jerilderie Shire Council - Survey response.

Junee 1903 Boer War

Local recognition - Local Historian

Severely Damaged.

The avenue was established by the local council.

Junee Shire Council Junee Shire Council - Survey

response.

17


Council


References

Kentucky 13/05/ 2006

WW1, WW2, Korea and Vietnam

Complete

The avenue was established by the Kentucky Memorial Tree Committee. Avenue is used in Anzac Day ceremonies.

Uralla Shire Council

Kentucky Memorial Tree Committee

Uralla Shire Council - Survey response.

Kelso Before 1921 WW1

Bathurst Regional Council


Kempsey 9/06/ 1920 WW1

Kempsey Shire Council


Krambach 1919 WW1

Tree planted for each soldier of Krambach Killed.

Trees were planted by the local council and the community.

Greater Taree City Council

Wingham RSL

Wingham RSL - Survey response, Survey of War Memorials 1920-21.

Laurieton August 1916 WW1

For enlisted men of the district, and others related to residents.

Local recognition

Severely Damaged.

The avenue was established by the local community headed by Robert Longworth.

Port Macquarie-Hastings Council

Laurieton RSL

Dargavel (1999). Port Macquarie-Hastings Council - Survey response.

Lawson Before 1921

WW1. Later Korea and Vietnam

For fallen soldiers.

Local recognition

The planting of the avenue was suggested by the local council and a committed to organise the work was quickly formed. Avenue is used in Anzac Day March.


Lawson RSL Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Blue Mountains City Council - Survey response.

Leura 1922 WW1 Local recognition


Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Blue Mountains City Council - Survey response.

Lindfield 1956 WW2 The avenue was established by the local council and the Lindfield sub-branch of RSS and A.I.L.A.

Ku-ring-gai Council

Roseville RSL

Ku-ring-gai Council - Survey response.

Manly, Sydney WW1 For fallen

soldiers. Severely Damaged. Manly City

Council

Website - Australian Heritage Places Inventory 2009, www.heritage.gov.au/ahpi/index.html.

Merrylands, Sydney 1960s WW2 Complete

The avenue was established by the local council and the local RSL. The avenue is used on Anzac Day and Remembrance Day.

Holroyd City Council

Merrylands RSL

Holroyd City Council - Survey response.

18


Council


References

Milton 1922 WW1 Severely Damaged.

The Lady Mayoress Mrs Adam Warden organised a working bee to dig holes, plant the trees and erect tree guards. Most of the town assisted.

Shoalhaven City Council

Website - Milton Memorial Avenue of Trees, www.ulladulla.info/history/war/trees.html. Personal Email - Cathy Dunn, 27/12/2003.

Mudgee 1920's WW1 Complete Mid-Western Regional Council

Mudgee sub-branch RSL

Mid-Western Regional Council - Survey response.

Murrum-bateman

August 1919 WW1

For locals who enlisted.

The avenue was planted by church parishioners and each tree was blessed and dedicated by the Rector.

Yass Valley Council


Murrum-burrah

Before 1921 WW1 For fallen

soldiers. Harden Shire Council


Narrabri Before 1921 WW1

Narrabri Shire Council


Narrandera 1928-29 WW1 Local recognition

Partly Damaged.

The avenue was established by the local council and the local RSL.

Narrandera Shire Council

Narrandera RSL

Narrandera Shire Council - Survey response.

North Lismore 1925 WW1

The community planted the avenue and contributed to the cost. The local council supplied the first 25 trees.

Lismore City Council

Lismore RSL?

Lismore City Council - Survey response.

O'Connell 1926-27 WW1 National Trust

The avenue was established by the O'Connell Progress Association. The avenue is used in Anzac day ceremonies.

Oberon Council Oberon RSL

Website - Southwell-Keeley, War Memorials in Australia 2007. Oberon Council - Survey response.

Orange (1) 25/04/ 1923 WW1 For fallen

soldiers.


Destroyed Orange City Council Orange City Council - Survey

response.

Orange (2) August 1919 WW1

State recognition - Park is Heritage Item of State Significance

Complete

The avenue was planted by returned soldiers and pupils of the East Orange Public School. Avenue is used in Anzac Day March.

Orange City Council Orange City Council - Survey

response.

Orange (3) Circa 1995 The avenue was planted by the local

council. Orange City Council Orange City Council - Survey

response.

Parkes 1950s WW2 Local recognition - RSL Branch

Complete The avenue was planted by the local RSL.

Parkes Shire Council Parkes Shire Council - Survey

response.

19


Council


References

Ramsgate 1977 WW2 Complete The avenue was planted by the local RSL and the Australia Remembers program.

Rockdale City Council Rockdale City Council - Survey

response.

Rappville WW1 Richmond Valley Council

Dargavel (1999).

Reefton 1918 WW1

For servicemen from the area.

Destroyed

The permission to plant the avenue was given on September 7th 1918 (minutes of Narraburra Shire Council meeting). The avenue was planted by the Red Cross Society of Reefton. The avenue originally extended north along the eastern verge of the main road in front of the houses, from the village store to a point opposite the grain silo. In 1951 approx 9 trees remained, 5 in front of the store, then a gap, 2 more trees, another larger gap and then 2 in front of the silos. Through the 20th Century the community of Reefton contracted and avenue was left to fend for itself, gradually succumbing to natural attrition. It is not known when the last tree died.

Temora Shire Council

Temora Shire Council - Survey response.

Rylstone WW1 The avenue was planted by the local community.

Mid-Western Regional Council

Mid-Western Regional Council - Survey response.

Schofield 27/11/ 1920 WW1

The avenue was instigated by the Schofield Progress Association and the funds raised by local entertainments. 8 of the trees were planted by relatives of dead soldiers.

Hornsby Shire Council


Shaw's Creek

19/07/ 1919 WW1 For ex

pupils. Shoalhaven City Council Survey of War Memorials

1920-21.

Stroud Road 18/08/ 1920 WW1 For ex pupils

who served.

The avenue was instigated by the Parents and Citizens Association and the trees purchased through the State Education Department.

Great Lakes Council Survey of War Memorials

1920-21.

Tamworth 15/09/ 1918 WW1 Associated memorial dedicated on the

11th of November 1967.

Tamworth Regional Council


20


Council


References

The Rock 1918 WW1 Funds for the avenue raised by local residents and the avenue was planted by the local community.

Lockhart Shire Council


Tingha 1995 WW1 and WW2

Expanded Trees were planted by the late Selby Dean OAM DCM.

Guyra Shire Council Tingha RSL Tingha RSL - Survey response

Trundle 1/07/ 1917

WW1 and WW2

Trees planted in memory of 'the town’s gallant soldiers’. More names for later conflicts are added by the RSL each ANZAC day.

Local recognition - RSL Branch

Complete

On 9/03/1917 a town meeting chaired by L Jones (H Cameroon as secretary) decided to plant a memorial avenue for the town’s soldiers. These trees were to be planted by 1/07/1917. G Little was elected as the president in charge of the program.

Parkes Shire Council Trundle RSL

Trundle RSL - Survey Response. Parkes Shire Council - Survey response.

Tuggerah August 1916 WW1

Each tree was planted by a soldier, the next of kin of those commemorated or a prominent local resident.

Wyong Shire Council Survey of War Memorials

1920-21.

Uranquinty 1919 WW1 For fallen soldiers.

Wagga Wagga City Council


Wee Jasper 12/11/ 1921 WW1 Funds for the avenue raised by public

subscription. Yass Valley Council Survey of War Memorials

1920-21.

21

TABLE 5.5: NSW MEMORIAL AVENUES – TREE SPECIES USED

Species Common Name No. Avenue Locations Acacia spp. Wattle 1 Dum Dum. Acmena smithii Lillypilli 2 Lawson, Lindfield. Araucaria bidwillii Bunya Pine 1 Laurieton. Araucaria cunninghamia Hoop Pine 2 Eltham (2), Laurieton. Araucaria heterophylla Norfolk Island Pine 4 Collaroy, Eltham 1, Laurieton, Manly. Brachychiton acerfolius Flame tree 1 Rappville. Brachychiton populous Kurrajong 3 Gundagai, Parkes, Trundle. Butia spp. Butia palm 1 Lawson. Casuarina spp. She-oak 1 Orange (3). Cedrus deodora Indian cedar 1 Orange (1). Cedrus libani Lebanon cedar 1 Orange (1).

Cinnamomum camphora Camphor Laurel 6 Ballina, Dum Dum, Frederickton, Krambach, Laurieton, Rappville.

Citrus sinensis Orange 1 Bingara.

Corymbia citriodora Lemon Scented gum 1 Berry.

Corymbia ficifolia Red Flowering gum 1 Albury. Cupressus spp. Cypress 1 Lawson. Ericaceae spp. Arbutus 1 Lawson.

Eucalyptus spp. gum 5 Dum Dum, Goulburn, Lindfield, Merrylands, Orange (3).

Eucalyptus cladocalyx Sugar gum 3 Cowra (1), Mudgee, Narrabri. Eucalyptus mannifera Brittle gum 1 Berry. Ficus microcarpa var. hillii Hills Weeping fig 1 Ramsgate. Fraxinus spp. Ash 1 Lindfield. Fraxinus oxycarpa Desert Ash 1 O'Connell. Grevillea robusta Silky oak 3 Cowra (1), Frederickton, North Lismore. Harpephyllum caffrum Kaffir Plum 1 Ballina. Jacaranda mimosifolia Jacaranda 2 Eltham (3), North Lismore. Lagerstroemia spp. Crepe Myrtle 2 Lindfield, Orange (3). Liquidambar styraciflua Liquidamber 1 Lindfield. Lophostemen confertus Brushbox 2 Berry, Freshwater. Melia azedarach White cedar 2 Frederickton, Narrandera. Phoenix spp. palm 1 Lawson.

Phoenix canariensis Canary Island Date Palm 1 Camden.

Picea spp. Spruce 1 Lawson. Pistacia spp. Pistachio 1 Lindfield. Pittosporum spp. Pittosporum 1 Dum Dum. Platanus spp plane 2 Frederickton, Leura. Platanus x acerifolia London plane 3 Dubbo, Narrandera, Rylstone. Populus spp. Poplar 1 Orange (3). Populus x canadensis 'Regenerata' Canadian poplar 1 Canowindra.

Prunus serrulata Japanese Flowering Cherry 1 Cowra (2).

Quercus palustris Pin oak 2 Kentucky, Orange (2).

Rhododendron ponticum Common rhododendron 1 Blackheath.

Sambucus nigra Elderberry 1 Dum Dum. Schinus aeria var. molle Peppercorn 4 Condobolin, Cowra (1), Junee, Reefton. Tamariy aphylla Athol tree 1 Trundle. Taxoddium distichum Bald Cypress 1 Orange (3). Ulmus glabra 'Lutescens' Golden Wych elm 1 Mudgee. Unknown Unknown 24 See Table 5.26

22

5.3 Queensland

52 memorial avenues have been identified in Queensland. Of these, 16 (31%) were

surveyed by council. These results can be found in Chapter 6.


Detailed location information is available for most avenues. 14 (27%) avenues are

located in parks, reserves or in school grounds. Only 5 (10%) avenues have no location

data available other than the town or suburb name. Further investigation is required in

these cases.

A double row of trees was the most common avenue form; only 6 (11%) avenues are

known to be single rows. The exact form of 34 (65%) avenues is unknown.

Avenues range in size from less than 10 trees to over 100 trees. The largest avenue is at

Rockhampton with 143 trees. Discounting the ACT, Queensland has on average the

smallest avenues in Australia. Every other state contains an avenue that contained least

200 trees. This may be a reflection of gaps in the data or a genuine size difference. It is

unclear how many trees were initially planted for 15 (29%) avenues and how many trees

remain at 18 (35%) avenues.

The most commonly used species were Camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora) and

Weeping fig (Ficus benjamina). At least 46 tree species have been used in Queensland

avenues with 10 of those used only in Queensland according to the current data. These

species include Bottle tree (Brachychiton rupestris), Macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia),

Mango (Mangifera spp.) and Cocos palm (Syagrus romanzoffiana). Compared with other

states Eucayptus and Corymbia species were rarely used and no oak (Quercus spp.) or

elm (Ulmus spp.) avenues have been identified. Several avenues have had some trees

replaced over time.

8 (15%) avenues have some form of signage to mark them and at least 24 (46%)

originally had individual plaques. Of these at least 13 (25%) have had all plaques lost or

removed over time.

23


The first avenue planted in Queensland was at Eumundi where planting started almost as

soon as casualties from WW1 began. 15 (28%) avenues had been planted by 1930. 8

(15%) new avenues have been planted since 1990.

One avenue for the Boer War exists but it was planted in the 1930s. 30 (58%) avenues

were planted to commemorate WW1 and 17 (33%) avenues commemorate WW2.

The avenues at Pleystowe and Roma are both recognised by the National Trust and 3

others are on the state heritage register. Several others have some local recognition.

6 (12%) avenues are reported as complete and none have been completely destroyed as

far as is known, although the exact status of 40 (77%) avenues is unknown.

Several avenues are well researched with many historical details available, such as

Hampden and Roma. Further investigation is needed into at least 31 (60%) avenues. At

least 7 (13%) avenues are used for various commemoration services during the year.

In 9 (17%) cases RSL clubs associated with the trees have been identified although it

cannot be confirmed if these branches are still active. The Mackay Historical Society and

Museum Inc. has a connection with two avenues, Hampden and Pleystowe, but no other

community groups associated with avenues have been identified. Further local

investigation is needed to identify any other references and to fill the remaining gaps in

the following tables.

24

FIG 5.6: QLD MEMORIAL AVENUES – LOCATIONS, TREE DETAILS, SIGNS AND PLAQUES

Name Street Town Details Features OP AP Description and Comments Species Signs Plaques

Beerburrum Anzac Ave Beerburrum 64 km north of Brisbane.

Bowen Hay Street Bowen near William St

Brisbane CBD (Anzac Square)

Adelaide St and Ann St Brisbane Anzac Square 6 6

3 trees replaced. One in the 1970's, one in the 1980's and one recently (mature tree sourced from Roma).

Bottle trees (Brachychiton rupestris)

Bulimba, Brisbane

Goodwin St, Oxford St, Stuart St and Barramul St

Bulimba, Brisbane

Bulimba Memorial Park, trees planted around perimeter.

Trees planted around 4.6 hectares of park.

Hills Weeping fig (Ficus microcarpa var. hillii), Weeping fig (Ficus benjamina), Cocos Palm (Syagrus romanzoffiana).

Cairn with metal plaque by the entrance gates.

No plaques remain onsite. Some of the plaques are kept at Colmslie RSL.

Caloundra Caloundra Canungra Canungra

Carmila Music St Carmila outside Broadsound Memorial Hall.

Number of trees unknown, 5 plaques remain.

Cast iron plaques supported by two metal stakes.

Cecil Plains Taylor St Cecil Plains near Russell Ave Number of trees unknown, 10 names.

Coolangatta Coolangatta

Chinchilla (1) Slessar St Chinchilla

Outside 'Bulldog Park' Football field, 103 Slessar St.

Single row of trees. 8 Jacaranda (Jacaranda

mimosifolia) No plaques remain

Chinchilla (2) Colamba St Chinchilla

Between Middle St and Villiers St outside Catholic Church.

Single row of trees. 8 Camphor Laurel

(Cinnamomum camphora) No plaques remain

Chinchilla (3)

Heeney St and Middle St

Chinchilla

From RSL (57 Heeney St) to corner of Heeney St and Bell St. Approx 370m from Heeney and Middle St intersection to 30 Middle St.


52 Camphor Laurel (Cinnamomum camphora) No plaques remain

Chinchilla (4) Middle St Chinchilla

From 86 Middle St to approx 64 Middle St.

Single row of trees. 21 Camphor Laurel

(Cinnamomum camphora) No plaques remain

25


Enoggera Lloyd St Enoggera Galipoli Barracks, off Wardell St

Eumundi (1) Bruce Hwy Eumundi

Eumundi (2) Memorial Dr and Gridley St.

Eumundi


20 17

Council policy specifically mentions the maintenance of the memorial avenue trees particularly the camphor laurels. The original planting was fig trees.

5 Small-leaved fig (Ficus obliqua), 8 Camphor Laurel (Cinnamomum camphora), 1 Jacaranda (Jacaranda mimosifolia), 2 Flame tree (Brachychiton acerfolius), 4 Magenta Lilly pilli (Syzygium paniculatum).

Each tree originally protected by a 1.8m x 1.8m white pailing fence bearing a bronze tablet inscribed with the name, unit place and date of death for each soldier. All current plaques are replacements.

Gin Gin May St Gin Gin

Gracemere James St Gracemere in grounds of RSL, near John St. Number of trees

unknown, 4 plaques.

Black metal plaque with white text mounted on wooden post at base of tree.

Gympie Gympie 154

Hampden Bruce Hwy Hampden Hampden State Primary School grounds.

11

Council gardener pruned trees in 1946. Trees have been maintained by the school through working bees in later years.

Weeping fig (Ficus benjamina)

Soldiers are named on an honour board.

7 Timber posts with 11 brass plaques. The plaques were polished and relocated on new posts in the late 70's

Jondaryan Evanslea Rd Jondaryan Leading to historic Jondaryan Woolshed.

Kallangur Kallangur Suburb of Brisbane. Sign marks

avenue.

Kawana Kawana Coopers Lookout.

Mango Hill Anzac Ave Mango Hill Double row of trees.

Mango (Mangifera indica) No plaques remain.

Mapleton Obi Obi Rd Mapleton Mapleton Community Hall

Mareeba Anzac Dr Mareeba Eastern entry of Savanna Way.

Single row of trees.

20-30 fig (Ficus spp.) No plaques remain.

26


Marian Main St Marian 0

Trees mostly destroyed by cyclone in 1955. Remaining trees removed.

No plaques remain onsite. Remaining plaques kept in the Mirani Museum.

Mirani Main St Mirani

Monto Memorial Ave Monto

Morningside, Brisbane Morningside,

Brisbane

Balmoral Park, along internal park road Jean Howie Dr.


76? 19 76 original plaques. Weeping fig (Ficus benjamina)

The original plaques were stolen just before Anzac Day 1935. Replacements were made but these plaques are no longer in place. Some may be located at the Colmslie RSL.

Mount Morgan Morgan St Mount

Morgan ANZAC Park

Pechey Pechey State School grounds. Trees originally had

plaques.

Pittsworth (1) Short St Pittsworth entrance to town


102 102 Most in good health. Queensland White gum (Eucalyptus argophloia)

Signs mark avenue. No plaques remain.

Pittsworth (2) Yandilla St Pittsworth leaving town


86 76

Most in good health. Four trees removed for roads in and out of industrial area 1982. Six trees removed for road widening in 2002. 43 of the original trees have been replaced with Lemon scented gums since 1968.

Assorted gums (Eucalyptus spp) originally. Replacements Lemon Scented Gums (Corymbia citriodora). Better suited to location.

Signs mark avenue. No plaques remain.

Pittsworth (3) Briggs St Pittsworth Lions Park and

Bridgeman Oval.


95 84 11 trees removed over years from original planting.

Peppercorn (Schinus aeria var. molle)

Pittsworth (4) Pittsworth

In front of the Soldiers Memorial Building (Council's Library)

2 2 pine (Pinus spp. or Araucaria spp.)

27


Pleystowe Eungella Rd Pleystowe

approx 17 km west of Mackay. 5 trees planted on the north side of the road and 4 on the south side in an alternating arrangement.


9 9

Trees healthy in 1996. Northern trees suffer pruning under powerlines. 1 tree was replaced in 2000.

Weeping fig (Ficus benjamina)

Original timber plaques were replaced by white metal boards with black lettering on star pickets at an unknown date. In 1996 these labels were replaced by black wooden framed plaques with white lettering attached to the trees.

Rock-hampton (1)

Lakes Creek Rd

Rock-hampton

Musgrove St to Dec St


18 trees and obelisk moved to Stanhouse Park on Lakes Creek Rd for road widening.

Yellow Flame tree (Peltophorum pterocarpum)

Rock-hampton (2) Gillender St Rock-

hampton Diggers Park, Botanic Gardens

Single row of trees. 16

A circle of 12 palms with 4 conifers at indeterminate spacing. Palms are not in good condition due to borers.

12 Date Palm (Phoenix spp.), 4 Gallipoli pine (Pinus halepensis).

Plaque in Botanic gardens. May refer to single or grove plantings.

No plaques remain.

Roma

Station, Wyndham, Hawthorne and Bungil St

Roma

From Station St, down Wyndham St, up Bungil St past the Cenotaph to RSL Hall and down Arthur St and Hawthorn St to McDowall St.


93 138 Trees are protected from removal and replaced if required.

Bottle trees (Brachychiton rupestris)

Avenue is well signposted

All trees are individually dedicated. Plaques are replaced when needed.

Southport Southport ANZAC Park

Springsure William St Springsure Springsure Botanical Gardens 13 soldiers are named. Wooden post at base

of each tree.

Stanthorpe Lock St Stanthorpe Slash Pine (Pinus elliottii var. elliottii)

Tannymorel Tannymorel Rd Tannymorel East of Warwick,

Qld


51 51 London Plane (Platanus x acerifolia)

28


Tara off Sara St Tara

Walk of Remembrance' Garden, Tara Lagoon.


49 49 Some replanting has occurred.

Spotted gum (Corymbia maculata) All trees have

plaques.

Tennyson Anzac Ave Tennyson Outside Golf Course Sign marks

avenue.

Toowong, Brisbane Wool St Toowong,

Brisbane ANZAC Park

Double row clearly visible. Unconfirmed as avenue.

By WW2 the park was neglected and trees in poor condition. Reconstruction and replanting was started in 1947 and upgrading has continued.

Macadamia Nut trees (Macadamia integrifolia)

Original markers gave soldiers name, rank, unit colours and service number. None remain.

Toowoomba (1)

Margaret St and Burstow St

Toowoomba East Creek Park Gallipoli pine (Pinus halepensis)

Toowoomba (2)

Margaret St and Burstow St

Toowoomba East Creek Park

Watsonville Watsonville Tree guards. Mango (Mangifera indica)

Wynnum Wynnum Russell Park

All trees individually dedicated and marked with metal plaques.

Yarranlea Yarranlea Trees individually dedicated with brass name plates.

OP – Original planting, number of trees. AP – At present, number of trees. Note: Where avenues were reported as destroyed the number of trees remaining was determined to be 0 if no other number was given.

29

FIG 5.7: QLD MEMORIAL AVENUES – COMMEMORATION, HISTORICAL DETAILS, ASSOCIATIONS AND REFERENCES


Council


References

Beerburrum WW1 Funds for the avenue were raised by voluntary contributions from the local community.

Sunshine Coast Regional Council

Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Website - Southwell-Keeley, War Memorials in Australia 2007. McIvor & McIvor (1994).

Bowen 13/08/ 1995 WW2

Commemorates 50th anniversary of WW2

Whitsunday Regional Council


Brisbane CBD (Anzac Square)

1930's (before 1934)

Boer War

Trees symbolise the 6 contingents of the Queensland Light Horse Regiments who went to the Boer War.

State recognition - Queensland Heritage Register. Local recognition - Brisbane City Plan Heritage Register.

Complete

The Bottle trees were planted sometime after the opening of Anzac Park on 11th Nov 1930. The trees are believed to have been donated and dedicated by Sir Donald Charles Cameron (KCMG, DSO, VD, Order of the Nile). Photographic evidence indicated the trees were in place by 1934.

Brisbane City Council Brisbane City Council

(2007).

Bulimba, Brisbane

1919-1923 WW1

Men and Women from the district who enlisted and went overseas.

State recognition - Queensland Heritage Register. Local recognition - Brisbane City Plan Heritage Register.

The avenue was planted by the local community with the assistance of the local council. The avenue was officially dedicated 1st November 1919.


(2007).

Caloundra WW1 Gallipoli memorial



Canungra WW2 Scenic Rim Regional Council


30


Council


References

Carmila WW2 for servicemen killed.

Isaac Regional Council

Mackay Historical Society and Museum Inc, www.mackayhistory.org/research/research.html. Website - Southwell-Keeley, War Memorials in Australia 2007.

Cecil Plains 15/08/ 1995 WW2

Toowoomba Regional Council


Coolangatta WW2

Commemorates the Powell brothers who served.

Gold Coast City Council


Chinchilla (1) 1991 WW1

The trees were dedicated to the Glory of God and the Spirit of Anzac by the community of Chinchilla in honour of the 75th anniversary of the landing at Gallipoli 25th April 1991.

Established by the community of Chinchilla for the 75th anniversary of the Gallipoli landing.

Dalby Regional Council

McIvor & McIvor (1994). Dalby Regional Council - Survey response.

Chinchilla (2)

between 1920 and 1925

WW1 Dalby Regional Council

Dalby Regional Council - Survey response.

Chinchilla (3)


WW1 The trees are used for ANZAC Day, Remembrance Day and other memorial ceremonies.



Chinchilla (4)


WW1 Dalby Regional Council


31


Council


References

Enoggera

Korea, Vietnamand later conflicts

For members of the Royal Australian Regiment killed since 1945.

Brisbane City Council

Website - Southwell-Keeley, War Memorials in Australia 2007. Brisbane City Council (2007).

Eumundi (1)



Eumundi (2) 1914-19+ WW1

For local men killed during WW1.

State recognition - Queensland Heritage Register.

Partly damaged.

The trees were planted at the instigation of the Eumundi Women's Patriotic Committee and funded by public subscription. The total cost was around £100. The trees are still used in remembrance ceremonies and floral tributes are placed at each tree every ANZAC Day.


Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Queensland Heritage Register Entry File No. 601122.

Gin Gin WW2 Bundaburg Regional Council


Gracemere 25/08/ 1984 Names 4 who

served. Rockhampton City Council


Gympie 1995

WW1, WW2, Korea, Vietnam and other conflicts

For former residents.

Gympie Regional Council

ANZAC Day Commemoration Committee of Queensland, www.anzacday.org.au/education/tff/memorials.html.

32


Council


References

Hampden circa 1919 WW1 For soldiers

killed in WW1.

The avenue was established by the patriotic committee to commemorate its WW1 heroes. All labour was voluntary. The avenue cost £2-15-9 for the purchase of the trees. On the 14th of August 1929 the patriotic committee handed over care of the memorial and the honour board to the Hampden School committee along with the funds it still had in hand. The Mackay City Council gardener Mr Hicks trimmed the trees in 1946 and since then working bees have regularly maintained the trees. The tarnished plaques were polished and relocated on new posts in the late 1970's at the instigation of the then Head Teacher Neville Thwaite.

Mackay City Council

Mackay Historical Society and Museum Inc.

Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Mackay Historical Society and Museum Inc, www.mackayhistory.org/research/research.html. Website - Southwell-Keeley, War Memorials in Australia 2007.

Jondaryan Toowoomba Regional Council

ABC Online (2002), www.abc.net.au/southqld/stories/s670073.htm.

Kallangur Anzac memorial. Gate mentions avenue.

Moreton Bay Regional Council

McIvor & McIvor (1994). Website - Southwell-Keeley, War Memorials in Australia 2007.

Kawana


McIvor & McIvor (1994). Website - Southwell-Keeley, War Memorials in Australia 2007.

Mango Hill WW1 Moreton Bay Regional Council

Redcliffe RSL

Moreton Bay Regional Council - Survey response.

Mapleton

WW1, WW2, Korea, Vietnam and others.

Dedicated to those from district who served.



Mareeba 2000 WW1 The avenue was planted by the local council.

Tablelands Regional Council

Tablelands Regional Council - Survey response.

33


Council


References

Marian WW1 Dedicated to servicemen killed.

Mackay City Council

Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Personal Email - Glen Hall, 21/11/2003.

Mirani circa 1920 WW1

For local men killed during WW1.

Mackay City Council Survey of War Memorials

1920-21.

Monto WW2 and Vietnam

North Burnett Regional Council


Morningside, Brisbane WW1 Fallen of WW1.

Local recognition - Brisbane City Plan Heritage Register.

Severely damaged. Brisbane

City Council Brisbane City Council (2007).

Mount Morgan WW1

42 AI Btn Memorial Tree Marker.

Rockhampton City Council


Pechey circa 1920 WW1 For those who

served. Toowoomba Regional Council


Pittsworth (1)

Sept 1996

WW2, Korea, Vietnam

Dedicated to WW2, Korea, Vietnam and all future conflicts.

Complete

Avenue established in 2000 by the local RSL with a grant from the Gaming Machine Benefit Fund. It was planted in memory of 'World War 2, Korean and Vietnam and all subsequent hostilities'.


Pittsworth RSL

Personal Email - Leanne Murden, 23/02/2004. Toowoomba City Council - Survey response.

Pittsworth (2)

June 1968 WW1 Partly

damaged.

Avenue planted by the local Lions Club 'in honour of our fallen servicemen' commemorating World War 1.


Pittsworth RSL

Personal Email - Leanne Murden, 23/02/2004. McIvor & McIvor (1994). Toowoomba City Council - Survey response.

Pittsworth (3)

Oct 1924 WW1 Partly

damaged. The avenue was established by a local man, Billy Carter.


Pittsworth RSL

Personal Email - Leanne Murden, 23/02/2004. Toowoomba City Council - Survey response.

Pittsworth (4) Complete


Pittsworth RSL

Personal Email - Leanne Murden, 23/02/2004.

34


Council


References

Pleystowe 1948 WW2

Dedicated on 25th April 1948 for 9 soldiers of the district killed in WW2.

National Trust of Queensland Complete

The Pleystowe and District Patriotic and Welfare committee was established in 1943 to raise funds and help support servicemen from the district. The committee provided food parcels for servicemen during the war and a small amount of money on their return home to assist them in re-entering civilian life. At the end of the war the committee elected to build a memorial for soldiers from the district. 9 trees were purchased in January 1948 and the avenue was dedicated on Anzac Day. Each tree had a timber nameplate for a fallen soldier. The remaining funds were distributed amongst the returned servicemen. Wreaths have been placed at each tree by local families and the RSL each Anzac day since 1948.

Mackay City Council

Mackay Historical Society and Museum Inc.

Personal Email - Glen Hall, 21/11/2003. McIvor & McIvor (1994). Website - Southwell-Keeley, War Memorials in Australia 2007. Mackay City Council - Survey response.

Rock-hampton (1) WW2 Expanded.

Rock-hampton City Council

Rockhampton City Council - Survey response.

Rock-hampton (2) WW1

Rock-hampton City Council

McIvor & McIvor (1994). Website - Southwell-Keeley, War Memorials in Australia 2007. Rockhampton City Council - Survey response.

35


Council


References

Roma from 1918 WW1 For locals killed

in WW1. National Trust of Queensland Expanded.

On the 20th of September 1918 a ceremony was held for the opening of Roma's Heroes Avenue. Initiated by the local repatriation committee the idea was well supported by the local townsfolk. The avenue was extended as more deaths occurred during the war. The trees are used for the ANZAC Day March, Remembrance Day ceremonies and other special events. See case study in Chapter 2 for more details.

Roma Town Council Roma RSL

Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Website - Southwell-Keeley, War Memorials in Australia 2007. Roma City Council - Survey response. Personal Email - Mark McManus 15/01/2004.

Southport WW1 and WW2

Gold Coast City Council McIvor & McIvor (1994).

Springsure WW2 Bauhinia Shire Council


Stanthorpe WW1 and WW2

The avenue was planted by the local community. The trees are used as part of ANZAC Day ceremonies.

Southern Downs Regional Council

Stanthorpe RSL

Southern Downs Regional Council - Survey response

Tannymorel WW1 and WW2

Complete The avenue was planted by the local community. The trees are used for the ANZAC Day March.

Southern Downs Regional Council

Warwick RSL Southern Downs Regional Council - Survey response

Tara 11/11/ 2007

several conflicts

Any past or current community member who served in the ADF.

Complete

The avenue was established by the Tara Shire Council and the Tara RSL. The trees are used for Remembrance Day ceremonies


Tara RSL Dalby Regional Council - Survey response.

Tennyson 11/09/ 1949

WW1 and WW2

Dedicated to those who fell in war.

Established by the Tennyson sub-branch of the RSSAILA.


McIvor & McIvor (1994). Website - Southwell-Keeley, War Memorials in Australia 2007. Brisbane City Council (2007).

36


Council


References

Toowong, Brisbane

Sept 1918 WW1

Dedicated to men from the district killed in WW1.

Local recognition - Brisbane City Plan Heritage Register.

By 1918 the land had been designated as a memorial park. Two local residents, Walter Harding and J Hiron instigated the beautification of Anzac park in cooperation with council.


(2007).

Toowoomba (1)

25/04/ 1987

several conflicts

Dedicated to members of 25 RQR who fell.



Toowoomba (2)

17/10/ 1993

several conflicts

Members of Women’s Royal Australian Airforce 1951-1977.



Watsonville 1916 WW1 For ANZACS. Avenue established by the Watsonville Patriotic Society.

Mareeba Shire Council


Wynnum 18/10/ 1919 WW1 For fallen

soldiers.

The avenue was planted by the Soldiers Welcome Home Committee and funds raised by public subscription. The trees were dedicated at the opening of the first town Show.


Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Brisbane City Council (2007).

Yarranlea 20/10/ 1917 WW1 For fallen

soldiers.

The avenue was proposed by the Yarranlea Memorial Committee and funds raised by voluntary subscription.



37

TABLE 5.8: QLD MEMORIAL AVENUES – TREE SPECIES USED

Species Common Name No. Avenue Locations Brachychiton acerfolius Flame tree 1 Eumundi 2 (Qld) Brachychiton rupestris Bottle tree 2 Brisbane CBD (Qld), Roma (Qld)

Cinnamomum camphora Camphor Laurel 4 Chinchilla 2 (Qld), Chinchilla 3 (Qld), Chinchilla 4 (Qld), Eumundi 2 (Qld)

Corymbia citriodora Lemon Scented gum 1 Pittsworth 2 (Qld)

Corymbia maculata Spotted gum 1 Tara (Qld) Eucalyptus spp. gum 1 Pittsworth 2 (Qld)

Eucalyptus argophloia Queensland White gum 1 Pittsworth 1 (Qld)

Ficus spp. fig 1 Mareeba (Qld)

Ficus benjamina Weeping fig 4 Bulimba (Qld), Hampden (Qld), Morningside (Qld), Pleystowe (Qld)

Ficus microcarpa var. hillii Hills Weeping fig 1 Bulimba (Qld) Ficus obliqua Small-leaved fig 1 Eumundi 2 (Qld) Jacaranda mimosifolia Jacaranda 2 Chinchilla 1 (Qld), Eumundi 2 (Qld)

Macadamia integrifolia Macadamia Nut trees 1 Toowong (Qld)

Mangifera spp. Mango 2 Mango Hill (Qld), Watsonville (Qld) Peltophorum pterocarpum Yellow Flame tree 1 Rockhampton 1 (Qld) Phoenix spp. Date palm 1 Rockhampton 2 (Qld) Pinus spp. pine 1 Pittsworth 4 (Qld) Pinus elliottii var. elliottii Slash pine 1 Stanthorpe (Qld) Pinus halepensis Aleppo pine 2 Rockhampton 2 (Qld), Toowoomba 1 (Qld) Platanus x acerifolia London plane 1 Tannymorel (Qld) Schinus aeria var. molle Peppercorn 1 Pittsworth 3 (Qld) Syagrus romanzoffiana Cocos Palm 1 Bulimba (Qld) Syzygium paniculatum Magenta Lilly pilli 1 Eumundi 2 (Qld) Unknown 26 See Table 5.26

38

5.4 South Australia

39 memorial avenues have been identified in South Australia. Of these, 13 (34%) were




For most avenues a reasonable amount of location data has been collected. Only 6

(16%) avenues have no location recorded beyond the town or suburb. In most cases the

exact location and extent of the avenue is known. Most of the avenues are located in

rural South Australia in contrast to 13 (34%) located within the Adelaide metropolitan

area.

The number of trees comprising the avenues varies considerably, from less than 10 to

well over 200 at Brooklyn Park and Rose Park. In 26 (68%) cases it is not known how

many trees were originally planted and information is not available on how many trees

are left in 25 (66%) cases. South Australian avenues are usually planted in a double row

of trees and the state has well over 700 memorial avenue trees.

FIG 5.2: NORFOLK ISLAND PINES AT VICTOR HARBOR, SA. (DON COCKERELL 2008)

At least 16 different tree species have been used in South Australian avenues, with the

most common being the Norfolk Island pine (Araucaria heterophylla) used in 6 (15%)

avenues around the state. 5 species of tree are so far only known to be used in South

Australian avenues, Celtis (Celtis spp.), Carob (Ceratonia siliqua), Bhutan Cypress

39

(Cupressus torulosa), Golden Rain tree (Koelreuteria paniculata) and the cork elm (Ulmus

suber).

The most common avenue from is a double row of trees although at least 7 (18%) of

avenues only comprise a single row. Very little replacement or replanting has been

recorded. Several of the states avenues are noticeably in decline.

Only 5 (13%) avenues are reported to have any kind of signage and only 8 (21%) are

known to have originally had individual tree plaques. Of these 2 (5%) have had all

plaques removed or lost over time. Vandalism of plaques was noted as a problem for 3

(8%) avenues.


The first avenue known to have been planted in South Australia was the avenue at

Virginia in 1916. No Boer War memorials have been identified in the state. There have

been very few new avenues planted in recent decades.

Unusually a similar number of avenues commemorate WW1 as WW2 in South Australia

with 14 (37%) and 12 (32%) of avenues respectively. The avenues were usually planted

to commemorate those soldiers killed in war.

3 avenues have the recognition of the National Trust, Port Elliot, Rose Park and Victor

Harbor (2). A few others have some local recognition.

7 (18%) avenues are reported as complete and only 1 (3%) has been completely

destroyed. The status of 30 (77%) avenues is still to be identified.

The history of several avenues is well documented, particularly the Rose Park avenue,

but further investigation is needed in at least 15 (38%) cases.


cannot be confirmed if these branches are still active. No community groups are known

to be currently associated with South Australian avenues although it is clear that there is

community interest in the Rose Park avenue (Lawry 2009). Further local investigation is

needed to identify any other references and to fill the remaining gaps in the following

tables.

40

TABLE 5.9: SA MEMORIAL AVENUES – LOCATIONS, TREE DETAILS, SIGNS AND PLAQUES


Adelaide Park Lands

Glen Osmond Rd

Adelaide Park Lands

Tuttangga/Park 19. Trees follow dirt access road.

Double row of trees. 145

Some original trees remain and some were replaced with various Eucalypts (Eucalyptus spp. or Corymbia spp.)

English Elm (Ulmus procera)

Corner of Edwin Smith Avenue and War Memorial Avenue.

None

Back Valley Inman Valley Rd Back Valley

In Memory Grove approximately 8km from the Victor Harbor CBD.

Double row of trees. ≈36 ≈30

Trees are in decline and have been pruned over property boundary on one side.

Pine (probably Pinus radiata) None Single plaque in centre of

avenue

Bridgewater Fielding Rd Bridgewater Double row of trees. Pines (Pinus

spp.)?

Brooklyn Park

Sir Donald Bradman Dr

Brooklyn Park

Between Adelaide Airport and South Rd.

Double row of trees. 227 227

Mostly London Plane (Platanus x hispanica) some Celtis

Trees have individual plaques.

Coromandel Valley Main Rd Coromandel

Valley

Between Main Rd and the croquet courts, Weymouth oval.

Gawler Gawler

Goodwood Goodwood Rd Goodwood 22

Queensland Brush Box (Lophostemon confertus)

Hawker Hawker Henley Beach South HMAS Rd Henley

Beach South HMAS Club of South Australia.

Hindmarsh Port Rd Hindmarsh

Kadina Adelaide Rd and Thomas Plains Rd

Kadina Located in small reserve.


Eucalypt (Eucalyptus spp. or Corymbia spp.)

Large stone states 'Memorial avenue planted by students of Kadina Memorial High School 60th Anniversary. Lest we forget.'

Kapunda Main Rd Kapunda Golden Rain Tree (Koelreuteria paniculata)

41


Keith Heritage St Keith

Down the side of Soldiers Memorial Park and along a section of the Dukes Highway.

Single row of trees. Avenue complete.

73 73 Uncertain, may be Cork Elm (Ulmus suber)

None All trees have individual plaques

Lady Bay Lady Bay Near Normanville. Norfolk Island Pine (Araucaria heterophylla)

Maitland Maitland Milang Milang

Moonta Blanche Tce Moonta Along the footpath running parallel with the school yard.

Single row of trees. Avenue destroyed.

24 0

Avenue destroyed. Originally 12 Jacaranda planted in 1947 and 12 Poplars planted in 1948.

Jacaranda (Jacaranda mimosifolia) and Poplar (Populus spp.)

Mt Barker Mt Barker

Mount Pleasant

Memorial Ave

Mount Pleasant 12

Original Cypress Pine (Callitris spp.) trees were removed due to damage by termites and public risk from falling branches in 2006 and replaced.

Originally Cypress Pine (Callitris spp.). Replacements Claret Ash (Fraxinus angustifolia var. oxycarpa 'Raywoodii')

None Single plaque on street marks the avenue.

Nuriootpa Memorial Ave Nuriootpa 36

Carob trees planted at this site, tree planting consistent with area plantings.

Carob (Ceratonia siliqua) None None

Pinnaroo Mann St Pinnaroo

Portion of Section 257 Township of Pinnaroo and forming part of the Soldiers Memorial Reserve.

Single row of trees. ≈12

Mixture of unknown species.

None

Plympton Anzac Hwy Plympton Between Richmond Rd and Tapleys Hill Rd.

Claret Ash (Fraxinus angustifolia var. oxycarpa 'Raywoodii')

42


Port Elliot Strangeways Tce Port Elliot Soldiers Memorial

Gardens. 22 22 Norfolk Island Pine (Araucaria heterophylla)

None Plaques were erected in 1970.

Port MacDonnell Port

MacDonnell Along the foreshore. 18 18 Norfolk Island Pine (Araucaria heterophylla)

All trees have individual plaques.

Regency Park Regency Rd Regency

Park Park along Regency Rd.

Double row of trees planted either side of roadway.

Spotted Gum (Corymbia maculata)

Rose Park Alexandra Ave, Prescott Tce

Rose Park Along the grassed centre traffic island of both streets.

Double row of trees planted at 10m intervals.

278 268

Some trees are recent replacements and others require replacement. A restoration plan is currently being drafted.

English Elm (Ulmus procera)

Avenue marked by signs at both ends.

Each tree was originally marked with a brass plaque listing the soldiers name and regiment. These were vandalised and stolen over the years. They were replaced until the 1970s. The plaques were then replaced with steel disks attached to a steel stake next to the trees cross referenced with large headstones at the start of each tree block. The plaques were again replaced by engraved plastic disks embedded into concrete at the base of the trees in 2003-04. This has significantly reduced vandalism.

Salisbury Salisbury

Next to Primitive Methodist Cemetery near Salisbury Shopping Centre.

Stanley Flat Stradbrooke Rd Stanley Flat Via Clare. 31 31

Stockport Stockport In Memorial park. Each tree marked by individual tablet.

43


Stone Hut Borthwick St Stone Hut Single row of trees. 9 9 Avenue complete.

Tea Tree Gully Memorial Dr Tea Tree

Gully


Council was considering removal of all trees in 2004 because for 'aesthetic reasons'.

Aleppo Pine (Pinus halepensis)

Bronze plaques bearing soldiers names were in place at the base of the trees up to early 1970s. Plaques have since been lost or stolen.

Urrbrae Cross Rd Urrbrae Urrbrae Agricultural College Grounds.

Single row of trees.

In 1951 the trees were transplanted to current location along the internal boundary fence to the school oval.

Bhutan Cypress (Cupressus torulosa)

Verdun Onkaparinga Valley Rd Verdun Between Grivell Rd

and Beaumonts Rd.


≈40

Claret Ash (Fraxinus angustifolia var. oxycarpa 'Raywoodii')

None

Victor Harbor (1)

The Esplanade

Victor Harbor

Soldiers Memorial Reserve.

Double row of trees. Avenue complete.

28 28 Trees originally had tree guards.

Norfolk Island Pine (Araucaria heterophylla)

Monument in the middle of the reserve states 'Soldiers Memorial Reserve. Lest We Forget.'

Original names were on individual plaques on trees. These plaques were replaced with brass plaques and located on a new memorial wall in 1999. This was due to concerns about vandalism, condition and liability (tripping hazard). Several plaques were missing and many were badly deteriorated.

Victor Harbor (2) Flinders Pde Victor

Harbor Soldiers Memorial Gardens.


Trees originally had guards, now only young replacement trees have or need them.


None

Only the front row of trees originally had plaques. These are still in place.

44


Virginia Old Port Wakefield Rd

Virginia

The trees are located in the Council owned reserve (Lot 130) adjacent to the Virginia Institute. 8 of the trees are situated on the southern boundary of the reserve adjacent to Penfield Road. A further 9 trees are situated along the eastern boundary adjacent to Phineas Street with the remainder of the trees located centrally across the site running from east to west.


17 17

Trees are in different states of health ranging from healthy to heavily declining.

Sugar Gum (Eucalyptus cladocalyx)

None None

Wallaroo (1) Matta St Wallaroo Swansea Park.

Single row of trees around Swansea Park.

Aleppo Pine (Pinus halepensis)

None

Wallaroo (2)

Jetty Rd, Owen Tce and Victoria St

Wallaroo Behind the bowling green.


Wallaroo (3) Alford Rd Wallaroo In front of the hospital.



45

TABLE 5.10: SA MEMORIAL AVENUES – COMMEMORATION, HISTORICAL DETAILS, ASSOCIATIONS AND REFERENCES

Name Date War Details Recognition Current status History Local

Council


References

Adelaide Park Lands 1919 WW1

Original intention may have been to plant one tree for each local casualty but the site was chosen before the number needed was determined (≈400).

The initial proposal for an avenue of English Elm (Ulmus procera) diagonally across the park was made in January 1919. This avenue is reputed to be intended as a memorial avenue although it is difficult to find evidence that confirms this. The trees were planted later that year.

Adelaide City Council

Personal Email - Kyle Penick, 1/06/2004. Jones (2007).

Back Valley Circa 1945 WW2

Trees were planted to the memory of the men of the district who died in WW2.

Partly damaged.

Council is the most likely to have planted the trees.

City of Victor Harbor

City of Victor Harbor - Survey response.

Bridgewater Memorial to local soldiers.

Trees planted by the Bridgewater community. Adelaide Hills Council

Personal Email - Linda Ward, 04/05/2008.

Brooklyn Park WW2

Full list of soldiers names available.

Complete Trees planted by the City of West Torrens. City of West Torrens Personal Email - John

Voigt, 22/06/2004.

Coromandel Valley City of

Onkaparinga Personal Email - Phillip Hall, 05/05/2008.

Gawler 31/07/ 1918 WW1

Tree planted for each fallen soldier from the area.

Trees planted by the Gawler Wattle Day League and public subscriptions.

Town of Gawler Survey of War

Memorials 1920-21.

46


Council


References

Goodwood Circa 1938 WW1

22 trees planted to start avenue. Unknown wether more trees were ever planted.

Unley City Council News (Adelaide)

15/07/1938.

Hawker Recent planting

Flinders Ranges Council

Personal Email - Deon Schumann, 22/06/2004.

Henley Beach South

10/07/ 1990 Trees planted by the HMAS Club of South

Australia.

City of Charles Sturt

HMAS Club of South Australia

Personal Email - Sam Cassar, 24/06/2004.

Hindmarsh Vietnam and Korea.

City of Charles Sturt

Personal Email - Sam Cassar, 24/06/2004.

Kadina The avenue was planted by students of Kadina Memorial High School at the 60th anniversary of the school.

District Council of the Copper Coast

Kadina RSL

Kadina RSL - Correspondence included with survey response.

Kapunda WW2 Light Regional Council

Personal Email - Tim Johnson, 1/06/2004.

Keith During WW2 WW2

Local men enlisted in WW2.

Complete Trees planted by Zamills and local individuals, possibly in cooperation with the Red Cross/Comfort Fund.

Tatiara District Council

Keith RSL

Tatiara District Council - Survey Response. Keith RSL – Survey Response.

Lady Bay District Council of Yankalilla

Personal Email - Ross Oke, 22/06/2004.

Maitland


Vietnam Veterans Association of Australia - Copper Coast - Survey Response.

Milang Alexandrina Council Alexandrina Council -

Survey Response.

47


Council


References

Moonta

25/07/ 1947 and 11/06/ 1948

WW2

Local citizens killed in WW2.

Destroyed

At the instigation of the staff of Moonta Primary School and with the cooperation of Moonta Council, Moonta RSL and the CWA, 12 Jacaranda (Jacaranda mimosifolia) trees were planted by relatives and friends of the fallen soldiers commemorated. They were planted at a public ceremony and the trees were to be cared for by the school. The following year 12 Poplar (Populus spp.) trees were similarly planted and dedicated.


District Council of the Copper Coast - Survey Response. The People's Weekly, Moonta, 2/08/1947. The People's Weekly, Moonta, 19/06/1948.

Mt Barker July 1920 WW1 Memorial cost £180.

District council of Mt Barker


Mount Pleasant 1930s. WW1 The trees were planted by the Barossa Council

and the Mount Pleasant RSL. The Barossa Council

Mount Pleasant RSL

The Barossa Council - Survey Response. Mt Pleasant RSL – Survey Response.

Nuriootpa Trees planted by Barossa Council. The Barossa Council

Nuriootpa RSL

The Barossa Council - Survey Response.

Pinnaroo WW2

The avenue was planted in a fenced off area set aside for the croquet club. This club is now closed and clubrooms are soon to be demolished due to asbestos issues.

Southern Mallee District Council

Southern Mallee District Council - Survey Response.

Plympton WW1 City of West Torrens

Personal Email - Ross Oke, 22/06/2004. Personal Email - John Voigt, 22/06/2004.

Port Elliot 22/06/ 1918

WW1, WW2, Korea and Vietnam

National Trust Complete Trees were planted by a local community group. Alexandrina Council

Port Elliot RSL

Alexandrina Council - Survey Response. Robert Miller – Survey Response.

Port MacDonnell

Sept 1949 WW2

District Council of Grant

Advertiser 14/09/1949. Port MacDonnell RSL – Survey Response.

48


Council


References

Regency Park

1992 and 2003

WW1

Trees planted to commemorate Gallipoli campaign.

The one side was planted in 1992 but due to uncertainty about development on the other side of Regency Rd those trees were not planted until 2003. The first planting was attended by Australian Army personnel and two Gallipoli veterans on horseback in full regalia.

Port Adelaide Enfield Council

Personal Email - Bruce Johnson, 24/06/2004.

Rose Park 19/07/ 1919 WW1

Avenue of Honour planted for fallen soldiers from the district.

National Trust, State Heritage and Local Heritage Groups.

Complete

A committee lead by Charles Reade (the current town planner) to beautify Alexandra and Prescott Tce considered the planting of a single row of trees down the middle of both streets. Local residents (later the Rose Park Improvement Association) offered £200 to help purchase trees with matching funds from council. The original planting scheme using American Oak (Quercus velutina or macrocarpa) and Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia 'Inermis') could not be undertaken due to a lack of suitable trees. After various consultations English Elms (Ulmus procera) were determined culturally appropriate as a memorial and a double row of trees down both streets would be required to accommodate the number of casualties already arising from the war. Dignitaries including the State Premier, State Governor and the Council Chairman attended the inaugural planting and they planted the first trees followed by relatives of fallen soldiers. Unfortunately only some of the relatives registered the name of the fallen soldier and while they were all allowed to plant a tree no complete list of recognised soldiers is available. Currently only 75 trees can be connected to the name of a soldier. See case study in Chapter 2 for more details.

City of Burnside

Rose Park RSL

City of Burnside - Survey Response, Eastern Courier Messenger 10/03/2004, Jones 2007.

Salisbury City of Salisbury

Personal Email - Wayne Stidston, 17/06/2004.

49


Council


References

Stanley Flat Circa 1946 WW2

Trees planted by the then Principal of Stanley Flat Primary School, Stan Basnam. The school is now closed.

Clare and Gilbert Valleys Council

Clare RSL Clare RSL – Survey Response.

Stockport 1920 WW1 Complete Funds raised by public subscription.

Clare and Gilbert Valleys Council


Stone Hut WW1 and WW2

Northern Areas Council


Tea Tree Gully

1950's or 1960's

Trees planted as part of Tea Tree Gully planting scheme.

Tea Tree Gully

Tea Tree Gully RSL

Personal Email - Colin Thornton, 7/09/2004. Personal Email - Egon Shore, 01/05/2008.

Urrbrae WW1

Trees planted in memory of fallen old scholars.

City of Mitcham

Urrbrae Agricultural High School

Personal Email - Egon Shore, 01/05/2008.

Verdun WW2 Complete Adelaide Hills Council Adelaide Hills Council

- Survey Response.

Victor Harbor (1) 1946? WW2 Local RSL Council in cooperation with the RSL planted the

trees.


Victor Harbor RSL

City of Victor Harbor - Survey response. Advertiser 13/09/1949, Garnaut 1999.

Victor Harbor (2)

1917-1918 WW1

National Trust and State Heritage

Complete Avenue planted by the Corporation of Victor Harbor.


Victor Harbor RSL

City of Victor Harbor - Survey response. Advertiser 13/10/1926.

Virginia 1/09/ 1916 WW1 City of

Playford SA RSL

City of Playford - Survey response. News Review 9/02/1989.

50


Council


References

Wallaroo (1) 30/07/ 1938 WW2

Trees were planted to perpetuate the memory of servicemen killed in the war and those who died after returning to Australia.

The trees were planted by the Swansea Park Committee and the Wallaroo RSA. The completion of fencing around the new Swansea Park coincided with the RSA tree planting drive and the Park Committee were pleased to include a ring of Aleppo Pines (Pinus halepensis) around the park. The first tree was planted by Wallaroo Mayor W. H. Harbison at a well attended ceremony. Other trees were planted by members of Council, Wallaroo RSA and interested members of the public.


Wallaroo RSL (formerly Wallaroo RSA)

District Council of the Copper Coast - Survey Response, Kadina and Wallaroo Times 6/08/1938.

Wallaroo (2) Circa 1935

Trees planted in memory of fallen soldiers.

The trees were planted by the Wallaroo Tree Planting Committee and the Wallaroo Council.



National Trust, Wallaroo Branch - Correspondence included with survey response.

Wallaroo (3) Circa 1943

Trees planted in memory of fallen soldiers.

The trees were planted by the Wallaroo Tree Planting Committee and the Wallaroo Council.



National Trust, Wallaroo Branch - Correspondence included with survey response.

51

TABLE 5.11: SA MEMORIAL AVENUES – TREE SPECIES USED

Species Common Name No. Avenue Locations Araucaria heterophylla Norfolk Island Pine 6

Lady Bay, Port Elliot, Victor Harbor (1), Victor Harbor (2), Wallaroo (2), Wallaroo (3).

Celtis spp. Celtis 1 Brooklyn Park. Ceratonia siliqua Carob tree 1 Nuriootpa. Corymbia maculata Spotted gum 1 Regency Park. Cupressus torulosa Bhutan Cypress 1 Urrbrae. Eucalyptus spp. gum 1 Kadina. Eucalyptus cladocalyx Sugar gum 1 Virginia. Fraxinus oxycarpa ‘Raywoodii’ Claret Ash 3 Mount Pleasant, Plympton, Verdun. Koelreuteria paniculata Golden Rain Tree 1 Kapunda. Lophostomen confertus Brushbox 1 Goodwood. Pinus spp. pine 1 Bridgewater. Pinus halepensis Aleppo pine 2 Tea Tree Gully, Wallaroo (1). Pinus radiata Monterey pine 1 Back Valley. Platanus spp plane 1 Brooklyn Park. Ulmus procera English elm 2 Adelaide Parklands, Rose Park. Ulmus suber Cork elm 1 Keith. Unknown 13 See table 5.26

52

5.5 Tasmania

69 memorial avenues have been identified in Tasmania. Of these, 9 (13%) were



Street names are not known for 46 (66%) avenues but many of these have other

location information available. 24 (35%) require further investigation to identify their

location within the town or suburb.

Avenues range in size from 5 to over 500 trees. Several avenues have replaced trees,

often using different species to those originally used. It is unknown how many trees were

originally planted in 34 (49%) cases and unknown how many trees remain in 19 (28%)

cases. At least 9 (13%) avenues take the form of a double row of trees. The exact form

of most Tasmanian avenues is unknown.

Monterey Cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa) was the most frequently used tree species.

Several avenues used multiple species and at least 26 different tree species were used. 7

species have so far only been identified as in use in Tasmania such as Blackwood (Acacia

melanoxylon), Sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana) and Weeping Cherry (Prunus serrulata).

Only one type of gum tree has been identified, the Red Flowering gum (Corymbia

ficifolia) avenue at North Motton.

Several avenues have had trees removed in the last few years and restoration efforts are

being made at sites such as Lefroy and Queens Domian.

Only 6 (9%) avenues are reported to have any kind of signage and 20 (29%) are known

to have originally had individual tree plaques. Of these 10 (50%) have had all plaques

removed or lost over time. Some remaining plaques have been removed from trees and

retained by the local RSL such as at Kempton.

53


One Boer War memorial was planted at Beaconsfield but the planting date is unknown.

Planting started on the earliest WW1 avenue in 1915 and 22 (32%) avenues were

planted before 1920. Only one new avenue has been planted in the last few decades, the

memorial at Beaconsfield (3) that was planted in 2007.

Most of Tasmania avenues commemorate WW1 (86%) and only 13 (19%) commemorate

WW2. Avenues were commonly planted for all enlisted soldiers but 10 (14%) avenues

were planted specifically for the fallen.

Several avenues have some form of local recognition and the avenue at Bothwell is

recognised by the national trust.

9 (13%) avenues are reported to be destroyed and only 3 (4%) are complete. The status

of 53 (77%) avenues is still to be determined.

The history of several avenues is well researched and ongoing work by the Friend of the

Soldiers Memorial Walk (www.soldierswalk.org.au) is improving the knowledge base.


cannot be confirmed if all these branches are still active. Several community groups are

actively associated with Tasmanian avenues, most notably the Friends of the Soldiers

Memorial Walk who are actively encouraging the identification and restoration of all

Tasmania’s avenues. Further local investigation is needed to identify any other references

and to fill the remaining gaps in the following tables.

54

TABLE 5.12: TAS MEMORIAL AVENUES – LOCATIONS, TREE DETAILS, SIGNS AND PLAQUES


Apsley Lake Hwy. Apsley

Apsley was a railway town, no longer a town but is often still on maps - where Lake Hwy crosses the Jordan River

18 0

Avenue on land leased to private owner who cut down remaining trees circa 1995.

Monterey Pine (Pinus radiata)

Avoca Avoca Road leading to St Thomas' Church.


8

Bagdad Main Rd (now Swan St) Upper Bagdad Tree

guards. 25 0 pines (Pinus spp.) No plaques remain.

Barnes Bay (St Peters) Barnes Bay

Beaconsfield (1) West Tamar Hwy Beaconsfield

Main road to Beauty Point beyond Brandy Creek.

Tree guards. 50+ 2

There are doubts that the full 50 trees were planted.

Oak (Quercus spp.)

Beaconsfield (2) Weld St and Grubb St. Beaconsfield

Main road through Beaconsfield south from Brandy Creek.


≈200 ≈40 Plane (Platanus spp.) No plaques

remain.

Beaconsfield (3) Weld St. Beaconsfield RSL Park.


22 22 Silver Birch (Betula pendula) All trees have

plaques.

Bellerive Bellerive

Bellerive Rifle Club Bellerive Grounds of the

Bellerive Rifle Club. Tree guards. 23 0

Monterey Cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa)

No plaques remain.

Bishopsbourne Bishopsbourne Rd Bishopsbourne Single row

of trees. 5 Oak (Quercus spp.)

55


Bothwell Main St (Lake Hwy) Bothwell


110 110

Sugar pines removed gradually, by 1980's all removed and partly replaced by Claret Ash on Desert Oak root stock. Root stock has taken over some trees.

Originally Sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana), now Claret Ash (Fraxinus augustifolia var. oxycarpa ‘Raywoodii’).

Copper plates on each tree guard with the name, rank and unit of each soldier commemorated.

Breadalbane Breadalbane

Around village green and along main road to Youngtown/Franklin Village.

Tree guards. 57 Various species.

Bream Creek Bream Creek 24 pines (Pinus spp.), English oak (Quercus robur).

Burnie Burnie Road between Emu River bridge and Wivenhoe railway.

Tree guards. 165

Bushy Park Macquarie Plains Rd Bushy Park Tree

guards. 93 Horse Chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum)

Aluminium plaques on trees.

Carrick Carrick Main streets within town. ≈40 Some trees have

been removed. elm (Ulmus spp.) No plaques remain.

Clarence Point Sunset Bvd Clarence Point ≈ 40

The avenue will be replaced with trees more suitable to the local conditions.

Sign marks avenue and names those commemorated.

Cornwall Cornwall Crown reserve. ≈22 0

All trees declared unsafe and removed in the 1980s by council.


Cressy Main Rd Cressy Tree guards. 60


Dysart old Main Road Dysart

Western side of road from Church Rd intersection to Clifton Vale Rd.

Tree guards. 11 2


No plaques remain on trees. One plaque located. Kept by Kempton RSL.

56


East Launceston High St East Launceston

Windmill Hill. Council owned park.


25 24

Additional planting will be undertaken as part of park development over the next 2 years.

12 Liquidambar (Liquidambar styraciflua), 12 Japanese Flowering Cherry (Prunus serrulata).

Sign at one end put in 26/05/1962.

Ellendale Ellendale Road leading from Post Office to Donaghy's mill.

Tree guards.

Horse Chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum)

Exton Exton On recreation ground. 36 Oak (Quercus spp.)

Originally metal tablets on each tree. Unknown how many remain.

Franklin Village Franklin Village

Between Franklin Village and Youngtown.

George Town George Town

Glen Dhu Glen Dhu In grounds of Glen Dhu School.

Glen Huon Glen Huon Glenora Glenora 59

Goulds Country Goulds Country

Gretna Gretna Approach to St Mary's Church.

Hamilton Hamilton Green Lane' Tree guards. Blackwood (Acacia

melanoxylon)

Huonville Huonville Huon River foreshore.

Irishtown Irishtown

Jericho Jericho

Two sections. Western side of the main road through town from the Lower Marshes Rd to the Schoolhouse and beyond the old Church to the bridge.


27 15

Monterey Cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa), Monterey pine (Pinus radiata).

Bronze plate with number, name and unit. 6 of the original plaques remain.

57


Kempton Kempton

Flanking old highway at southern entrance to town.

27-30

No plaques remain on trees. One original plaque located. Now kept by Kempton RSL.

Kingston Kingston 5

Launceston (1) Launceston Launceston Church Grammer School grounds.

98 0 All trees removed by the 1970s.

Alleppo pine (Pinus halepensis)

Launceston (2) High St Windmill Park Near Beulagh Gardens.


Light standards mark avenue.

Metal plaques on concrete plinths by each tree commemorating various groups.

Lefroy Richard St Lefroy Single row of trees. 11 4

In 2008 council started reconstructive work and RSL have constructed a memorial with flagpole and single plaque.

English Oak (Quercus robur) Trees originally

had plaques.

Legerwood Legerwood

Longford

Sections of George, Marlborough, Wellington and Smith St and Tannery Rd.

Longford

The first plantings were from the Council Chambers along Smith St towards Wellington St and south along Wellington St.

≈200 Most trees are in good condition.

Plane (Platanus spp.) and oak (Quercus spp.)

All trees originally had nameplates. The last remaining nameplates were removed in the 1980s and have since been lost.

Macquarie Plains Macquarie

Plains Road to Railway Station. 70

Horse Chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum)

Mangana Mangana

Melton Mowbray Old Man Rd Melton Mowbray Trees originally

had plaques. Montague Montague

58


Myalla Myalla

National Park National Park From the railroad to the Russell River.

North Motton North Motton Tree guards.

Original trees replaced by flowering gums in 1934.

spruce (Picea spp.), Flowering gums (Corymbia ficifolia).

Nubeena Main Rd Nubeena The plantings commenced at George St.

51 0 Monterey Cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa)

Oatlands Main St Oatlands Replacement trees planted along High St.

Original trees removed in 1990s. Replacement trees were then planted. These trees are in good condition.

Original trees unknown. Replacement trees Birches (Betula spp.)

7 of the original metal plaques remain.

Ouse Lyell Hwy. Ouse 90km from Hobart.


6 Ash (Fraxinus spp.) No plaques remain.

Port Arthur/ Carnarvon Port Arthur

Queens Domain Hobart

Inside the Queens Domain Park along the riverside from Aberdeen St to the crossroads.


513 359

Indian Cedar (Cedrus deodora), Atlas Cedar (C. atlantica) and Blue Atlas Cedar (C. atlantica ‘Glauca’). Replacements originally included the Italian Cypress (Cupressus sempervirens) and more recently the Lebanon cedar (Cedrus libani).

The Friends of the Avenue plan to add to and improve the signage.

Most of the original nameplates were lost over time with the remaining 11 removed for safekeeping in 2002. The Friends of the Avenue plan to provide new plaques for all trees.

Randalls Bay Randalls Bay

59


Ringarooma Ringarooma

Rokeby Rokeby

Roadway leading from the main road through town to St Matthew's Church.

Tree guards. 21

American plane (Platanus occidentalis), 2 English oaks (Quercus robur)

Ross Ross

Scottsdale George St Scottsdale Tree guards.

Snug Snug

Eastwards from Davis Rd along the reserve to Station Rd.


Evergreen trees. Species unknown.

Southport Cathkit St Southport Hyth School grounds. ≈12 0

Avenue was destroyed by fire in 1967 along with the school.


A small cenotaph on the site gives the names and details of soldiers for whom trees were planted.

St Nicholas (Fingal) St Nicholas

Stanley Stanley

Taranna old Main Rd Taranna Eastern side of road by Convict Station.

Single row of trees. ≈20

Several trees removed in the last decade. Trees are reaching the end of their lifespans.


Trevallyn South Esk Rd Trevallyn Trevallyn Reserve. Council owned reserve.


≈25

15 trees replanted in last 2 years. Further planting to be undertaken to fill in gaps.

9 Japanese Flowering Cherry (Prunus serrulata), 6 Common Lime (Tilia europaea), 3 Silver Birch (Betula pendula), 3 English Oak (Quercus robur), 4 Weeping Cherry (Prunus subhirtella).

All trees originally had plaques. Few remain.

60


Waratah Waratah Westbury Westbury

Woodbridge Woodbridge Near the corner of Woodbridge Rd and Granquist Rd.

53 Brass tablet marked avenue.

Wynyard Wynyard Tree guards. 150

10 tree guards were destroyed by vandals in 1954.

Youngtown Youngtown OP – Original planting, number of trees. AP – At present, number of trees. Note: Where avenues were reported as destroyed the number of trees remaining was determined to be 0 if no other number was given.

61

TABLE 5.13: TAS MEMORIAL AVENUES – COMMEMORATION, HISTORICAL DETAILS, ASSOCIATIONS AND REFERENCES

Name Date War Details Recognition Current Status History Local Council


References

Apsley WW1 For locals who enlisted. Destroyed The avenue was established

by the local community.

Central Highlands Council

Central Highlands Council - Survey response. Soldiers Walk Memorial Avenue (2010) www.soldierswalk.org.au.

Avoca before 1921 WW1

For local enlisted and ex scholars of St Thomas' Sunday School.

The avenue was established by the local community. The trees and labour were donated.

Northern Midlands Council

Survey of War Memorials 1920-21, Soldiers Walk Memorial Avenue (2010) www.soldierswalk.org.au

Bagdad 1918 WW1 For locals who joined the A.I.F.

Destroyed The avenue was established by the local community.

Southern Midlands Council

Soldiers Walk Memorial Avenue (2010) www.soldierswalk.org.au

Barnes Bay (St Peters) WW1 Kingsborough

Council Soldiers Walk Memorial Avenue (2010) www.soldierswalk.org.au

Beaconsfield (1)

3/09/ 1918 WW1 For locals who

enlisted. Local recognition. Destroyed

The avenue was established by the Beaconsfield Progress and Tourist's Association with the support of the local council. The trees were planted by relatives of the soldiers commemorated.

West Tamar Council

Beaconsfield RSL

West Tamar Council - Survey Response. Howard (2007). Soldiers Walk Memorial Avenue (2010), www.soldierswalk.org.au.

Beaconsfield (2) Boer War Local

recognition. Destroyed The avenue was established by the local council.

West Tamar Council

Beaconsfield RSL

Howard (2007). West Tamar Council - Survey Response.

Beaconsfield (3)

21/10/ 2007 WW2 Local

recognition. Complete

The avenue was established by the local community in conjunction with the local council and RSL. Avenue is used for the ANZAC Day March and Remembrance Day ceremonies.

West Tamar Council

Beaconsfield RSL

West Tamar Council - Survey Response.

62



References

Bellerive WW1 Clarence City Council


Bellerive Rifle Club WW1

Members of the rifle club who enlisted in WW1.

Destroyed

The avenue was established by the Bellerive Rifle Club to honour its members who served. Many of the trees were planted by relatives of those commemorated. There are tentative plans to plant another avenue in the area.

Clarence City Council

Bellerive Historical Society

Howard (2007), Soldiers Walk Memorial Avenue (2010) www.soldierswalk.org.au

Bishopsbourne August 1918 WW1

The avenue was established by the local community in conjunction with council.


Northern Midlands Council - Survey response.

Bothwell

Started 1915, dedicated 3/9/1918

WW1 For locals who enlisted. National trust. Complete

The idea to plant the avenue was proposed at a local council meeting and funds were raised by public subscription and a donation of £56 by the council. The first tree was planted by the then Premier of Tasmania.


Bothwell RSL (now defunct)

Central Highlands Council - Survey response. Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Soldiers Walk Memorial Avenue (2010), www.soldierswalk.org.au.

Breadalbane June/July 1918 WW1 The avenue was established



Northern Midlands Council - Survey response. Soldiers Walk Memorial Avenue (2010), www.soldierswalk.org.au.

Bream Creek 12/07/ 1918 WW1 Loads of soil were brought in

to improve the planting area. Sorell Council Soldiers Walk Memorial Avenue (2010) www.soldierswalk.org.au

Burnie July 1918 WW1 For locals who enlisted. The avenue was established

by the local community. City of Burnie Soldiers Walk Memorial Avenue (2010) www.soldierswalk.org.au

Bushy Park before 1921 WW1

For each name on the local honour roll.

Derwent Valley Council

Survey of War Memorials 1920-21, Website - Southwell-Keeley, War Memorials in Australia 2007. Soldiers Walk Memorial Avenue (2010) www.soldierswalk.org.au

63



References

Carrick 1946 WW2

For fallen and returning service personnel.

The planting of the avenue was organised by the Carrick Community Association and the trees were planted in 1946 by returning service personnel.


Carrick Community Association

Howard (2007). Northern Midlands Council - Survey response.

Clarence Point WW1 Local recognition.


West Tamar Council

Beaconsfield RSL

West Tamar Council - Survey response.

Cornwall 1918 WW1 Destroyed

The local residents requested the area be set aside as a reserve and it is believed that around 22 trees were planted. There are plans to replant the avenue.

Break O'Day Council Howard (2007).

Cressy 27/07/ 1918 WW1

The avenue was established by the local community. The state premier was present for the opening of the avenue.


Northern Midlands Council - Survey response. Soldiers Walk Memorial Avenue (2010) www.soldierswalk.org.au

Dysart 1918 WW1 Severely Damaged


Kempton RSL


East Launceston May, 1962 WW2 Complete

The avenue planting was initiated by Norman Findlay, a member of the Civil Defence Legion.

Launceston City Council

Launceston RSL

Launceston City Council - Survey Response.

Ellendale 23/08/ 1918 WW1 For local fallen

and enlisted.

The avenue was established by the local community. The trees were planted by relatives of those commemorated.



Exton before 1921 WW1 For local

fallen. Meander Valley Council Survey of War Memorials

1920-21.

Franklin Village 1918 WW1



George Town WW1 George Town Council


64



References

Glen Dhu 1946 WW2 For fallen old boys. The trees were planted by

pupils from Glen Dhu school. Derwent Valley Council

Examiner (Launceston) 28/06/1946. Soldiers Walk Memorial Avenue (2010) www.soldierswalk.org.au

Glen Huon WW1 Huon Valley Council


Glenora 1918 WW1 For locals who enlisted. The avenue was established

by the local community. Derwent Valley Council


Goulds Country 1920 WW1 Funds raised by voluntary

subscription. Break O'Day Council


Gretna circa 1947 WW2 The avenue was established by the parishioners of St Mary's Church.


Friends of the Soldiers Memorial Walk (2009) www.soldierswalk.org.au

Hamilton WW1 The avenue was established by the local community.



Huonville circa 1946 Boer War and WW1

For local fallen. Huon Valley

Council Friends of the Soldiers Memorial Walk (2009) www.soldierswalk.org.au

Irishtown WW1 and WW2 Circular Head

council Friends of the Soldiers Memorial Walk (2009) www.soldierswalk.org.au

Jericho before 1921 WW1 For locals who

enlisted. Partly damaged.

The avenue was established by the local community. The avenue cost around £25 and funds were raised by public subscription.


Jericho Avenue Group

Survey of War Memorials 1920-21, Howard (2007), Friends of the Soldiers Memorial Walk (2009) www.soldierswalk.org.au

Kempton WW1 For locals who enlisted. The avenue was established



Kempton RSL


Kingston circa 1954 WW1 and WW2

For former members of the Kingsborough RSL

Kingsborough Council Mercury (Hobart)

11/08/1954.

65



References

Launceston 1 Sept 1934 WW1 For Old Boys killed in the Great War.

Destroyed

The trees were planted by the Launceston Church Grammar School and relatives of the dead. The seeds for the trees were collected in Gallipoli.

Launceston City Council

Launceston Church Grammar School

Howard (2007). Mercury (Hobart) 10/09/1934.

Launceston 2 26/05/ 1962

WW1 and WW2

For those who served in war. Launceston

City Council Website - Southwell-Keeley, War Memorials in Australia 2007.

Lefroy 24/09/ 1918 WW1 Severely

Damaged The avenue was established by the local community.

George Town Council

Georgetown RSL

George Town Council - Survey response.

Legerwood WW1 Dorset Council Friends of the Soldiers Memorial Walk (2009) www.soldierswalk.org.au

Longford 24/08/1918 WW1

Avenue planted for locals who enlisted in the Great War.

The avenue was established by the local community with the help of council. The trees were donated by two locals. A commemorative event for the avenue was held on August 24th 2006.



Macquarie Plains 1921 WW1 For local

fallen. Derwent Valley Council


Mangana before 1921 WW1

The avenue was established by the local community. The avenue was funded by public subscription.



Melton Mowbray WW1



Montague 1920 WW1 Clarence City Council


Myalla WW1 Waratah-Wynyard Council


National Park circa 1919 WW1 For locals who enlisted.




66



References

North Motton circa 1918 WW1 For locals who enlisted. The avenue was established

by the local community. Burnie City Council


Nubeena before 1921 WW1 Destroyed


Tasman Council

Survey of War Memorials 1920-21, Howard (2007), Friends of the Soldiers Memorial Walk (2009) www.soldierswalk.org.au

Oatlands 1947 WW2 Local men killed in WW2.


Howard (2007).

Ouse Aug 1918 WW1



Central Highlands Council - Survey response. Friends of the Soldiers Memorial Walk (2009), www.soldierswalk.org.au.

Port Arthur/ Carnarvon WW1 For locals

killed in WW1 The avenue was planted by the citizens of Carnarvon.

West Coast Council


67



References

Queens Domain 3/08/1918 WW1

For local soldiers killed in the Great War.

Partly damaged.

The avenue was proposed in 1917 but delayed until 1918. The planting was organized by public working bees. A crowd of 6-8,000 people attended the largest working bee and 8-10,000 attended the avenue’s inauguration (Howard 2005). This was a very impressive turnout from a local population of around 40,000. The 1.8 m x 1.8 m holes were dug and the tree guards built by scouts, serving and returned soldier’s relatives, friends other community members. A black pin was produced for the event and the formal program names 390 men commemorated. The Governor and his wife, Sir Francis and Lady Newdegate and General Sir William Birdwood planted trees at one of the later plantings in 1921 (Howard 2005). See case study in Chapter 2 for more details.

Hobart City Council

Friends of the Soldiers Memorial Walk

Howard (2007), Friends of the Soldiers Memorial Walk (2009) www.soldierswalk.org.au

Randalls Bay WW1


Huon Valley Council


Ringarooma 1918 WW1 For local fallen.

The avenue was established by the local Progress Association.

Dorset Council Friends of the Soldiers Memorial Walk (2009) www.soldierswalk.org.au

Rokeby before 1921 WW1 For locals who

enlisted.

The local community established the avenue with the money raised by public subscription and the labour donated.

Clarence City Council


68



References

Ross WW1 Northern Midlands Council


Scottsdale circa 1918 WW1 Dorset Council Friends of the Soldiers Memorial Walk (2009) www.soldierswalk.org.au

Snug circa 1953 WW2 The avenue was proposed by the local RSL.

Kingsborough Council

Kingsborough RSL

Mercury (Hobart) 1/09/1953. Friends of the Soldiers Memorial Walk (2009) www.soldierswalk.org.au

Southport 1931 WW2 Destroyed Huon Valley Council Howard (2007).

St Nicholas (Fingal)

before 1921 WW1 Funds raised by public

subscription. Break O'Day Council


Stanley WW1 Circular Head council


Taranna circa 1920 WW1 Tasman Council

Howard (2007), Friends of the Soldiers Memorial Walk (2009) www.soldierswalk.org.au

Trevallyn circa 1950 WW1 Launceston City Council Launceston Launceston City Council -

Survey Response.

Waratah WW1 Waratah-Wynyard Council


Westbury WW1 Meander Valley Council


Woodbridge circa 1946 WW2 For locals who enlisted. Kingsborough

Council Mercury (Hobart) 3/09/1946. Howard (2007).

69



References

Wynyard circa 1954

WW1, WW2 and local pioneers.

For fallen soldiers and the pioneers of the district.

Waratah-Wynyard Council

Advocate (Burnie) 26/04/1954.

Youngtown WW1 Launceston City Council


70

TABLE 5.14: TAS MEMORIAL AVENUES – TREE SPECIES USED

Species Common Name No. Avenue Locations Acacia melanoxylon Blackwood 1 Hamilton. Aesculus hippocastanum Horse Chestnut 3 Bushy Park, Ellendale, Macquarie Plains. Betula spp. birch 1 Oatlands. Betula pendula Silver birch 2 Beaconsfield 3, Trevallyn. Cedrus atlantica Atlas Cedar 1 Queens Domain. Cedrus atlantica ‘Glauca’ Blue Atlas Cedar 1 Queens Domain. Cedrus deodora Indian cedar 1 Queens Domain. Cedrus libani Lebanon cedar 1 Queens Domain. Corymbia ficifolia Red Flowering gum 1 North Motton.

Cupressus macrocarpa Monterey Cypress 7 Bellerive Rifle Club, Cornwell, Cressy, Dysart, Jericho, Nubeena, Southport.

Cupressus sempervirens Italian Cypress 1 Queens Domain. Fraxinus spp. Ash 1 Ouse. Fraxinus augustifolia var. oxycarpa ‘Raywoodii’ Claret Ash 1 Bothwell. Liquidambar Styraciflua Liquidamber 1 East Launceston. Picea spp. Spruce 1 North Motton. Pinus spp. pine 2 Bagdad, Bream Creek., Pinus halepensis Aleppo pine 1 Launceston 1., Pinus lambertiana Sugar pine 1 Bothwell. Pinus radiata Monterey pine 3 Apsley, Jericho, Taranna. Platanus spp plane 2 Beaconsfield 2, Longford. Platanus occidentalis American plane 1 Rokeby.

Prunus serrulata Japanese Flowering Cherry 2 East Launceston, Trevallyn.

Prunus subhirtella Weeping cherry 1 Trevallyn. Quercus spp. oak 4 Beaconsfield 1, Bishopsbourne, Exton, Longford., Quercus robur English oak 4 Bream Creek, Lefroy, Rokeby, Trevallyn.

Tilia europaea Common Lime (Linden) 1 Trevallyn.

Ulmus spp. elm 1 Carrick. Unknown 36 See Table 5.26

71

5.6 Victoria

312 memorial avenues have been identified in Victoria. Of these, 46 (15%) were




The specific location of most avenues is known. Only 90 (29%) avenues have no location

information other than suburb or town available. Further investigation is needed in these

cases. Memorial avenues are commonly located on what was the entrance to, or the

main road through, the town.

The avenues are most frequently described as double rows of trees although single rows

exist and even a double circle at Maldon. The number of trees in each avenue varies from

less than 10 to well over 1000. The largest avenue is Ballarat with 3771 trees. This is

also the largest avenue in Australia. In 190 (61%) cases it is not known how many trees

were originally planted and information is not available on how many trees are left in 198

(63%) cases.

At least 69 different tree species have been used in Victoria’s avenues. Multiple species

use is particularly common among the larger avenues. The most commonly used species

was the Monterey Cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa). Gums (Eucalyptus spp.) and oaks

(Quercus spp.) were also common. Further investigation is needed to identify trees in

156 (50%) avenues. 33 of the species used in Victoria have not been identified in

memorial avenues in any other state, such as the Walnut (Juglans regia) trees at

Tourello. This is not suprising given the large number of avenues in Victoria and the

variety of species found.

53 avenues are reportedly signposted and at least 93 originally had memorial plaques. Of

these only 12 are known to still have all their tree plaques in place and at least 44 have

lost all of their plaques. Further investigation is need into many avenues to identify and

signs, plaques or other markers.

Many of the current avenues have had some or all of the original trees replaced and

many currently require restoration such as Docker Plains and Goomalibee.

72

FIG 5.3: WALNUT TREES AT TOURELLO. (SUE HUGHES 2004)


The avenue at Eurack, planted in 1916 was the earliest memorial avenue planted for

WW1 in Victoria and one of the first planted in Australia. A large number of avenues were

planted in 1917 and in all, 123 (39%) avenues were planted before 1920. Only 11 (4%)

new avenues have been planted since 1990.

The majority of avenues were planted for WW1, at least 70%. 5 (2%) avenues were

planted specifically for the Vietnam War and at least 2 (1%) avenues were planted to

commemorate the Boer War.

Frequently the memorial was for all those who served although some only

commemorated the fallen. Such details are yet to be identified for the majority of

avenues.

73

Overall only a few avenues are recognised by the National Trust of Victoria as follows:

• Ballarat (1)

• Drik Drik

• Moyston

• Nathalia

• Newstead

• Shepparton

• Tourello

• Traralgon

• Wallan

• Wandin North

• Woodend (1)

34 (11%) avenues are reported to be complete and a further 5 (2%) have been

expanded from their original number of trees. 33 (11%) avenues are known to have

been destroyed.

Further investigation is needed into the history of many avenues although some such as

Ballarat (1) are very well recorded.


cannot be confirmed if these branches are still active. A few community groups and

historical societies have been identified as having an interest in some avenues but it is

likely that more exist to be identified. Further local investigation is needed to identify any

other references and to fill the remaining gaps in the following tables.

74

TABLE 5.15: VIC MEMORIAL AVENUES – LOCATIONS, TREE DETAILS, SIGNS AND PLAQUES

Name Street Town Details Original Features OP AP Description

and Comments Species Signs Plaques

Addington Addington 46 Plaque Allans Flat Memorial Dr Allans Flat Cypress (Cupressus spp.) Amphitheatre Amphitheatre No signs. Anglesea Anglesea 72 Apsley Wallace St Apsley Apsley Hall. 2 Oak (Quercus spp.) Arthurs Creek Arthurs Creek Avoca York Ave Avoca

Bacchus Marsh Bacchus Marsh Rd Bacchus Marsh


282 240 Trees originally had guards.

Dutch elm (Ulmus x hollandica)

Sign and flagpoles at start of avenue.

Trees originally had tree guards and individual plaques. Tree guards now removed. Some plaques were lost over time. All have recently been replaced.

Bairnsdale Bairnsdale

Ballangeich Ballangeich Tree guards. 30 All trees had name plates.

Ballarat (1) Remembrance Dr and Avenue Rd

Ballarat

22km long starting from Learmonth St Alfredton to Learmonth-Weatherboard Rd, Weatherboard.

Double row or trees. Tree guards.

3771 3771

Avenue trees are suffering from the prolonged drought.

The Ballarat Avenue of Honour Management Strategy Plan (1997) identified species used as follows – Acacia (Wattle) 3, Acer (Maple) 8, Alnus (Alder) 3, Betula (Birch) 1, Crataegus (Hawthorn) 3, Eucalyptus (Gum) 1, Fraxinus (Ash) 155, Plantanus (Plane) 11, Populus (Poplar) 1252, Quercus (Oak) 26, Sorbus (Rowan) 52, Taxodium (Swamp Cypress) 2, Tilia (Linden) 19, Ulmus (Elm) 1795. Recent replacement of trees has altered this. Many Poplars have been removed. New planting mostly Quercus and Fraxinus varieties


All trees are individually dedicated with bronze plaques. These plaques often suffer damage from vehicles of mowing activities.

75



Ballarat (2) Ballarat

Avenue of Honour in Ballarat Gardens.

Ballarat (3) Ballarat Grounds of Ballarat High School.

Ballarat (4) Ballarat East Ave Ballarat

Ballarat (5) Beaufort Ave Ballarat Beaufort Avenue Railway.

49

Ballarat (6) Ballarat Black Hill.

Ballarat (7) Eureka Stockade Ave Ballarat

Ballarat (8) Hill St Ballarat

Ballarat East Melbourne Rd Ballarat East Near Woodmans hill.

≈1100 ≈70

Balnarring Balnarring Rd Balnarring St Marks Anglican Church.

33 Monterey pine (Pinus radiata)

Bandiana Bandiana Barnawartha Barnawartha No signs. Barrys Reef Barrys Reef 19 elms (Ulmus spp.) Bass Bass Conifers

Beaconsfield High St Beaconsfield Double row of trees. 123 118

Hybrid Black Poplar (Populus x canadensis robusta and Populus deltoides)


Beeac Coulson St & Wallace St Beeac

Beaufort Western Hwy Beaufort 285

Poplars may be early replacement trees for the original elms.

103 New Sliver poplar (Populus alba 'Pyramidialis'), 176 English Elm (Ulmus procera), 6 Pinoak (Quercus palustris).

Benalla Barkly St Benalla Between Church St and Bridge St.

≈28-30 0

Avenue destroyed due to modernisation.

Silky oak (Grevillia robusta)

Concrete block marks 'Avenue of Honour'.

76



Bentleigh Bentleigh Public reserve. 97 Berrys Creek Berrys Creek

Berwick (1) Church St Berwick

Between Palmerston St and Brisbane St.

Single row of trees 9 7 Pin Oak (Quercus palustris),

English Oak (Quercus robur)

Stone tablet marks the avenue and lists those commemorated.

Berwick (2) Wilson St and Scanlon St Berwick Double row

of trees. ≈35

Gaps in the avenue have been filled with various species. Trees originally had guards.

Pin Oak (Quercus palustris), English Oak (Quercus robur)

Beulah Beulah

Blackwood Blackwood Mineral Springs Park. 80 2 Pines (Pinus spp.)

Bonnie Doon Bonnie Doon

Booropki Booropki

North West of Goroke. Town no longer exists.

Tree guards. 35

Some trees were replaced in the first couple of years. Trees were locally raised.

gums (Eucalyptus spp.) No plaques remain.

Box Hill Station St Box Hill 0

Branxholme Branxholme 60 Trees originally had individual plaques.

Broadford White St Broadford

Broadmeadows Main St Broadmeadows Tree guards.

Trees originally had individual plaques.

Browns Plains Doolans Rd Browns Plains Town no longer exists. 30

Buangor Buangor

Buchan South Buchan South No signs.

Bullarook Main Rd Bullarook

77



Buln Buln Old Sale Rd Buln Buln

Opposite side of the road to the Primary School.


≈50

47 original trees remain. Replacements have been planted recently to replace losses from disease and road deviation. Trees originally surrounded by picket fence.

English elm (Ulmus procera) Sign at start of avenue.

Brass plaques naming a district volunteer were attached to the picket fences around the trees. These were still in place in 1954 but were removed since by persons unknown.

Bundalaguah Bundalaguah

Buninyong Buninyong Botanic Gardens. Tree guards. 130 6

Burwood Burwood Mount Scopus College. 115

Obelisk marks avenue.


Byaduk Byaduk-Penshurst Rd Byaduk

Cambrian Hill Cambrian Hill 62 Campbells Creek Main St Campbells

Creek

Campbelltown Campbelltown From public hall to main road.

33 Flowering gum (Euclyptus ficifolia)

Caramut Brown St Caramut Near RSL Hall. Double row of trees. 12 10 Monterey Cypress (Cupressus

macrocarpa)

Caulfield Point Nepean Rd and North Rd

Caufield 432 0 Avenue removed in the 1960s for road widening.

No plaques remain.

Cheltenham Point Nepean Rd Cheltenham 0

Last trees removed in 1968 for road widening.

gums (Eucalyptus spp.) and palms


Chewton Fryers Rd Chewton

From Pyrenees Hwy along west side of Fryers Rd.

elms (Ulmus spp.)

78



Clayton Carinish Rd Clayton 0

Few trees remain. Entire northern row missing. Remaining trees severely pruned under powerlines.

Portuguese oak (Quercus faginea)

Cobram Market St andHay Ave Cobram 18

Coburg Coburg Coburg Lake Reserve. 170

Trees originally had copper plates with name, number and rank.

Coimadai Coimadai

Colac Colac St John's Anglican Church.

Coldstream Maroondah Hwy, Lilydale extension

Coldstream

Coleraine Glenelg Hwy Coleraine Double row of trees. Tree guards.

80 47

40 pines and 40 cypress originally planted. 18 pines and 2 cypress replaced in the first year.

Monterey pine (Pinus radiata), Monterey cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa).

Many trees still had plaques in 1985.

Corryong Hanson St Corryong Double row of trees. 100 ≈60 Trees originally

had guards. Cedar of Lebanon (Cedrus libani) Most trees have

plaques.

Corindhap Rokewood-Ballarat Rd Corindhap Double row

of trees. Monterey pine (Pinus radiata), Monterey cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa).

Timber sign marks avenue.

No plaques remain.

79



Cranbourne South Gippsland Hwy

Cranbourne Double row of trees. 59 172

Trees were added over time to commemorate later conflicts. Replacement trees have been planted within the last 10 years.

English oak (Quercus robur), Portuguese oak (Quercus faginea)

Few plaques remain.

Cressy

Yarima Rd, New Station and Lyons Sts.

Cressy

Creswick Creswick-Newstead Rd Creswick 286 Dutch elm (Ulmus x

hollandica)

Avenue marked by signs.


Croydon Kitchiner Ave Croydon

Cudgewa Cudgewa 64 Plane (Platanus spp.), elm (Ulmus spp.)

Curlewis

Corner of Portarlington and Curlewis Rds

Curlewis

Dandenong Dandenong

Along highway from Dandenong Creek.

0 gums (Eucalyptus spp.)

Dartmoor

Wapling Ave, Greenham St and Lindsay Rd

Dartmoor Single row of trees. Tree guards.

60 few

Many trees removed. 9 trees turned into carvings in 1998.

Atlantic cedar (Cedrus atlantica)

Plaque with names and map of original avenue.

All plaques lost.

Daylesford Raglan Street, Midland Hwy Daylesford


218

Sycamore (Acer pseudoplantanus), Copper Sycamore (Acer pseudoplantanus 'Purpureum'), Spanish Chestnut (Castanea satiua)

sign marks avenue

All plaques lost.

Dean Dean Trees in School drive.

Derrinallum Derrinallum Cypress (Cupressus spp.)

80



Digby Casterton-Portland Rd Digby Double row

of trees. 99 97 Avenue restored in 1991. elm (Ulmus spp.)

Obelisk marks start of avenue.

All plaques replaced in 1991.

Diggers Rest Diggers Rest

Dimboola Dimboola Trees in High School drive.

Docker Plains Boorhamen Rd Docker Plains

Adjacent to site of old Primary School.


Avenue trees in very poor condition.

Sugar gum (Eucalyptus cladocalyx), Mahogany gum (Eucalyptus botryoides)


No plaques remain.

Donald Byrne St Donald 18

Doncaster East (Original) Blackburn Rd Doncaster East

West side of street between George St and Zerbes reserve.

45-50 0 Avenue removed for road widening.

Mahogany gum (Eucalyptus botryoides) No plaques

remain.

Doncaster East (Replacement) Blackburn Rd Doncaster East

Zerbes reserve adjacent to Saxon Wood Dr.

Double row of trees. 27+

Brushbox (Lophostemen confertus), Flowering Gums (Corymbia ficifolia)

Drik Drik Drik Drik-Nelson Rd Drik Drik Opposite state

school. 17 Morton Bay fig (Ficus macrophylla)

Drouin Princes Way Drouin From Albert St to MacDonald St.

Double row of trees. ≈200 74 Flowering Gums (Corymbia

ficifolia)

Drummond Daylesford-Malmsbury Rd Drummond

Between Eyles Ln and Lauriston Rd.

Tree guards. 50 46

Original trees were eucalypts. These were removed and replaced with elms circa 1930.

gums (Eucalyptus spp.) then elms (Ulmus spp.) No signs.

Dunolly Dunolly Reserve near railway station.

81



Eganstown off Midland Hwy Eganstown 0 Multiple species

Sign marks avenue but is unclear which trees are commem-orative.

Eldorado (1) Main St Eldorado Double row of trees. 46 3

The remaining trees have been lopped for powerline clearance. Avenue trees are in very poor condition. Trees originally had guards.

Sugar gum (Eucalyptus cladocalyx)

Eldorado (2) Memorial Ave Eldorado Double row of trees. 8 5 Silky oak (Grevillia robusta)

Sign at start of avenue.

All trees originally had plaques. None remain. A single plaque was erected by Scouts in the 1960s.

Ellerslie Hopkins Hwy Ellerslie On road reserve.

Single row of trees. 30 29 One tree has

been cut down. Monterey Cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa) Most plaques lost

over time. Elmhurst Pyrenees Hwy Elmhurst 40 pine (Pinus spp.)

Eltham Main Rd Eltham Between Dalton St and Brougham St.


100+ 22

Current trees are clearly replacements for the original avenue.

London plane (Platanus x acerifolia)


Emerald (1) Heroes' Ave Emerald 23 0 oak (Quercus spp.)

Emerald (2) Emerald-Monbulk Rd Emerald

Epsom, Bendigo Epsom 17 Cotton Palm (Washingtonia

filifera) Trees originally had individual plaques.

82



Essendon The Boulevard Essendon

From Orford to Afton Sts, near Aberfeldie Park.

70 The council planted new trees in 2001.

Cypress (Cupressus spp.) Sign marked avenue.

Eurack Eurack Rd Eurack

South side of road in front of Eurack School site.

Single row of trees. 20 20 Dutch elm (Ulmus x

hollandica) Concrete cross at each tree

Euroa (1) Hume Hwy Euroa 133 Oriental plane (Platanus orientalis)

Euroa (2) Euroa Fairfield-Alphington Fairfield-

Alphington

Ferny Creek Anzac Ave Ferny Creek

Footscray Geelong Rd Footscray Near RSL club. 100s gums (Eucalyptus spp.) Trees originally had individual plaques.

Frankston Nepean Hwy Frankston Double row of trees. 0

Trees removed when road was widened in the 1960's.

All trees originally had plaques. These are now embedded in the flower beds along the dividing strip of the highway north of Beach St.

Garibaldi Garibaldi Deciduous trees Geelong North Melbourne Rd Geelong North Gellibrand Gellibrand

Gembrook Redwood Rd Gembrook Double row of trees. 27

Some trees have recently been removed and will be replaced.

Algerian oak (Quercus canariensis), English oak (Quercus robur) and unknown oak (Quercus spp.)

Sign at start of avenue


Glen Lyon Glen Lyon

Glendaruel Glendaruel Monterey Cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa)

Glenpatrick Glenpatrick Around sports reserve. pine (Pinus spp.)

83



Goomalibee Baddaginnie-Goomalibee Rd

Goomalibee Single row of trees. ≈30 28

Avenue trees in very poor condition.

10 White Cedar (Melia azedarach), 15 pines (Pinus spp.), 3 gums (Eucalyptus spp.)

Sign at start of avenue


Goornong Midland Hwy Goornong

Grantville Grantville Flowering Gums (Corymbia ficifolia)

Grassmere Grassmere Rd Grassmere Single row of trees. 48 7 English Oak (Quercus robur)

Great Western Western Hwy Great Western Between Stawell and Ararat.

Trees maintained by council.

Greenwald Greenwald 20 pine (Pinus spp.)

Grenville Buninyong-Mount Mercer Rd

Grenville Double row of trees. Tree guards.

42 ≈35 Canadian elm (Ulmus americana)

Plaques on two stone seats give names of soldiers commemorated.

Guildford Midland Hwy Guildford

Between Railway bridge and Loddan River bridge.


20 plane trees removed by Vic Roads and replaced with Pin oaks.

Ash (Fraxinus spp.) and Plane (Platanus spp.). Replaced with Pinoak (Quercus palustris).

Haddon Haddon 0 Trees removed in 1995 or 1996.

Hamilton (1) Hamilton Along Grange creek. Plaques present

in nature strip

Hamilton (2) Hamilton

Hampton Beach Rd Hampton ≈60 0 Trees lost or removed by 1960s


Happy Valley Happy Valley

Harcourt High St Harcourt

Some trees replaced in 2004. Trees maintained by council.

Cedar (Cedrus spp.)

84



Harkaway Harkaway Rd Harkaway East side of road.


Some trees have been replaced with oaks.

Flowering Gums (Corymbia ficifolia)

Memorial stone marks avenue.

Trees have individual nameplates.

Hawthorn, Melbourne Wood St Hawthorn West end of St

James Park. 30 30

Original Mahogany Gums replaced by Brushbox and Yellow gum.

Mahogany gum (Eucalyptus botryoides). Replacements Brushbox (Lophostemon confertus) and Yellow gum (Eucalyptus leucoxylon).

Hawthorn West Hawthorn

West

Outside Primary School.

Healesville Maroondah Hwy, Lilydale extension

Healesville

Heidelberg Hiedelberg

Hexham (1) Webster St (Hamilton Hwy)

Hexham Double row of trees.

Only 2 original trees remain (Peppercorn trees), all others have been replaced with cypress.

Originally alternating Peppercorns (Schinus aeria var. molle) and Cootamundra Wattles (Acacia baileyana), replacements Monterey cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa)

Obelisk marks avenue.

Hexham (2) Farie St Hexham Double row of trees. Monterey Cypress (Cupressus

macrocarpa)

Highett Nepean Hwy Highett

Hopetoun Warracknabeal Rd Hopetown 70 few Sugar gum (Eucalyptus

cladocalyx) Trees originally had individual plaques.

Horsham (1)

McPherson St (Western Hwy) and McBryde St

Horsham Trees removed for road widening.

Bronze plaque marks Memorial Drive.

No plaques remain.

Horsham (2) Roberts Ave Horsham Between Darlot St and McPherson St.

Double row of trees. ≈80

Only section between Urquhart St and McPherson St remains.

English elm (Ulmus procera)

Plaque on Dollicraft south wall marks avenue.

Hotspur Hotspur Double row of trees. 40 Kurrajong (Brachychiton

populeous)

Hurstbridge Anzac Ave Hurstbridge

85



Inverleigh Inverleigh Cypress (Cupressus spp.) Jarrahmond Jarrahmond 18 English oak (Quercus robur) Jeparit Jeparit

Kangaroo Flat Calder Hwy Kangaroo Flat Sugar gum (Eucalyptus cladocalyx)

Kangaroo Hills Kangaroo Hills

Kaniva Kaniva 27 Sugar gum (Eucalyptus cladocalyx)


Kardella Kardella Fairbank Rd Kardella Double row

of trees. 15 15

There may have been more trees originally before the road was realigned. Avenue trees in very poor condition.

9 English elm (Ulmus procera), 6 Golden ash (Fraxinus excelsior 'Aurea')

No plaques remain.

Kiewa Kiewa 100 English oak (Quercus robur), English elm (Ulmus procera)

Kingston Creswick-Kingston Rd Kingston

From the Midland Hwy to Stag Rd, just south of Kingston.

Double row of trees. 286 285 Dutch elm (Ulmus x

hollandica)

Sign at start of avenue, monument at corner of Kingston and Victoria Road.

White nameplates with black lettering on each tree with name rank and battalion shown. Plaques were replaced in 2000.

Kongwak Wonnthaggi Korumburra Rd

Kongwak Double row of trees. 70

There have been several replacement trees planted.

Horse Chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum), Bunya Pine (Araucaria bidwillii), Lombardy Poplar (Populus nigra), Turkey oak (Quercus laevis), Pinoak (Quercus palustris), English oak (Quercus robur).


All trees originally had plaques. Some remain.

86



Koorooman Hydes Rd Koorooman Double row of trees. 23

19 Chestnut-leaved oak (Quercus castaneifolia), 1 Algerian oak (Quercus canariensis), 3 English elm (Ulmus procera).

No plaques remain.

Koroit Anzac Ave (formerly Albert St)

Koroit 23 20

Poplar trees removed in 1959. Uncertain if London plane trees were planted as replacements or not.

Originally Poplar trees (Populus spp.), current trees London Plane (Platanus x acerifolia)

Kotupna Kotupna Rd Kotupna Double row of trees.

50 WW122

WW2

58 Sugar gum (Eucalyptus cladocalyx)


Kyneton Old Calder Hwy Kyneton Pinoak (Quercus palustris)


No plaques remain.

Lakes Entrance Marine Pde Lakes Entrance

Between Barkes Ave and Carstairs Ave.

26 0

Trees removed. 6 Stumps transformed into sculptures. Rededicated in 1999.


Plaques moved to stone cairn near sculptures.

Landsborough Landsborough Road to sportsground. gum (Eucalyptus spp.)

Lara Walkers Rd Lara From Waverley Rd to Curletts Rd.


(93?) Monterey Cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa)

Learmonth Sunraysia Hwy Learmonth

At Ryans Rd, 2km south of Learmonth.

Double row of trees. 222 ≈222

English oak (Quercus robur), English elm (Ulmus procera), Dutch elm (Ulmus x hollandica), Scotch elm (Ulmus glabra), Purple-leaved elm (Ulmus x hollandica 'Purpurascens)

Plaque with 234 names listed marks avenue.

87



Leongatha Yarragon Rd, Wild Dog Valley Rd

Leongatha North-east side exit from town.


English oak (Quercus robur), English elm (Ulmus procera), Chestnut-leaved oak (Quercus castanifolia), Algerian oak (Quercus canariensis).


The plaque at the start of the avenue list all names.

Lexton Sunraysia Hwy Lexton

West side between highway and Burnbank creek. 500m north of the Lexton crossroads.

45 45 Trees originally had guards. Cypress (Cupressus spp.)

Sign in the middle of the avenue facing the highway.

Trees were not individually marked. An honour board listed the commemorated soldiers.

Lilydale Lilydale May never have been planted.

Limestone Limestone Rd and Langs Rd Limestone On the corner. Double row

of trees. 12 11 oak (Quercus spp.) Sign at start of avenue.

Trees originally had individual plaques. These were destroyed in a bushfire in 1969.

Linton Denison St Linton Double row of trees. ≈100 44 English oak (Quercus robur),

English elm (Ulmus procera)

Lismore Lismore 180

Loch Loch Sports ground. Trees originally had individual plaques.

Lorne Lorne

Library Paddock (now Football Ground).

Double row of trees. 0 Moreton Bay fig (Ficus

macrophylla)

Lysterfield

Corner Lysterfield and Wellington Rds

Lysterfield 14 14

Original trees largely missing. Avenue restored in 1995.

4 English oak (Quercus robur), 10 Silky oak (Grevillia robusta)

Original plaques lost. Replaced when avenue was restored and others added for other wars.

Macedon Honour Ave Macedon Single row of trees. Tree guards.

154 154 Pinoak (Quercus palustris) Commem-orative plaque.

No plaques remain.

88



MacLeod Cherry St Macleod, Melbourne

Mont Park grounds parallel to road.

Single row of trees. ≈75 42 pine (Pinus spp.) and Sugar

gum (Eucalyptus cladocalyx)

Bronze tablet marks avenue.

Maffra Sale Rd Maffra 139

A commemorative plaque on a rock marks the avenue.

Maldon Spring St, Chapel St and Grey St

Maldon Anzac Hill.

2 double rows of trees and a double circle of trees.


Mahogany Gum (Eucalyptus botryoides) and Monterey pine (Pinus radiata).

No plaques remain.

Malvern Burke St and Wattletree Rd Malvern East Central Park. 185 8? Kurrajong (Brachychiton

populous) No plaques remain.

Mansfield Mansfield

Marong Marong 6 6 3 Canary Island Date plams (Phoenix canariensis), 3 other plams (Phoenix spp.).

Maroondah Kitchener Ave Maroondah Double row of trees.

Trees are maintained by council.

London plane (Platanus x acerifolia)

Meeniyan

South Gippsland Hwy and Geale St

Meeniyan Single row of trees. 21 Flowering Gums (Corymbia

ficifolia) No plaques remain.

Merino Annersley St? Merino

Metung Metung Tree guards. 6 Trees originally had copper name plates.

Mickleham Mickleham Rd and Mt Ridley Rd

Mickleham On the corner. Single row of trees. ≈50 Avenue restored

in 2002.

Sugar gum (Eucalyptus cladocalyx), River Red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis)


Most trees have plaques.

Mildura Deakin Ave Mildura Main road through town.


Mature trees, heavily pollarded.


Large sign identifies avenue.

Trees were not individually dedicated.

Millgrove Warburton Hwy Millgrove Tree guards.


89



Miners Rest Miners Rest Monterey Cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa)

Monument marked avenue.

Mitcham Whitehorse Rd Micham 0 Trees removed

in 1936.

Modewarre Cape Otway Rd Modewarre 33 32 cypress (Cupressus spp.).

1 elm (Ulmus spp.)

Monbulk Moores Rd Monbulk 1

Moonambel Stawell-Avoca Rd Moonambel Double row

of trees. 52 47 Trees originally had guards.

26 Cypress pines (Cupressus spp.), 8 Oriental planes (Platanus orientalis), 6 English oak (Quercus robur), 6 English elm (Ulmus procera), 6 Silky oaks (Grevillia robusta).


No plaques remain.

Moonee Ponds (1) Moonee Ponds Queens Park. Monterey Cypress (Cupressus

macrocarpa)

Moonee Ponds (2) Moonee Ponds 58

Moorabbin Nepean Hwy Moorabbin Moriac Moriac

Mornington Main Rd Mornington From Vale St to the Pt Nepean Rd.


Avenue destroyed by road widening.

Stone memorial at one end of the avenue.

No plaques remain.

Mortlake Hamilton Hwy Mortlake Double row of trees. Tree guards.

146 196 Some trees are replacements.



Mount Evelyn Mount Evelyn 0

Mount Waverley High St Mount

Waverley

Between Fleet St and Baringa Rd.

Double row of trees. ≈28 13

Trees have been severely pruned beneath powerlines. Entire north row removed for road widening.

Portuguese oak (Quercus faginea) No plaques

remain.

90



Moyston Ararat-Halls Gap Rd Moyston East of

Moyston.


53 55

Some trees have died. Trees originally had guards.


Signs at both ends of avenue erected in 1933.

Trees have individual plaques.

Mumbannar Greenham St Mumbannar

Murrayville Reed, Gray and McKenzie St

Murrayville 87

Murtoa Murtoa Myrniong (1) Myrniong

Myrniong (2) Myrniong-Greendale Rd Myrniong

Nareeb Nareeb

Naringal Main Rd Naringal East of local school.


33 0 Trees destroyed in Ash Wednesday fires.


Narre Warren Memorial Drive and Main St

Narre Warren Double row of trees. 60 Trees originally

had guards. English Oak (Quercus robur) Trees originally had individual plaques.

Nathalia Blake St, Bromley St Nathalia Double row

of trees. 53? ≈50 Kurrajong (Brachychiton populous)

Natte Yallock Natte Yallock 32 pine (Pinus spp.) Newlyn Newlyn few Deciduous spp.

Newstead Pyrenees Hwy Newstead

West of Clarks Lane. Western entrance to town.


Trees maintained by council. 0.8 km long avenue.

Dutch elm (Ulmus x hollandica)


Newtown Scaresdale-Lismore Rd Newtown

Nilma Princes Hwy Nilma English Oak (Quercus robur) North Geelong (1) Holden Ave North Geelong St Helen's

Park. Ash (Fraxinus spp.)

North Geelong (2) Melbourne Rd North Geelong gums (Eucalyptus spp.)

Notting Hill Blackburn Rd Notting Hill 0 London plane (Platanus x acerifolia)

Numurkah Tocumwal Rd and Pine St Numurkah

Oakleigh Drummond St Oakleigh Officer Officer

91



Orbost Orbost

Orford Port Fairy Rd (High St) Orford Double row

of trees. 22 20+

East side of road - Pines, West side of road - Cypress.

Monterey Cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa) and pines (probably Pinus insignia).

A sign marking the avenue was erected in 2002.

All or most trees still have plaques.

Pakenham Upper Pakenham

Upper

Paynesville Esplanade Paynesville 2

One tree has been transformed into a statue.

Pearcedale Pearcedale

Penshurst Hamilton Hwy, Scales St

Penshurst East of Penshurst.

Plenty Plenty Piggoreet Piggoreet

Port Fairy Griffiths St Port Fairy Adjacent to Moyne River.

Puckapunyal (1) Puckapunyal Main entrance

to Army camp. 100 Flowering Gums (Corymbia ficifolia)

Puckapunyal (2) Puckapunyal Around parade

ground. 60 Mahogany gum (Eucalyptus botryoides)

Pyramid Hill Kelly St Pyramid Hill 20 Sugar gum (Eucalyptus cladocalyx)

Queenscliffe Flinders St Queenscliffe Double row of trees. few

Many trees lost from south side of road. Only remnants of avenue remain.


Redbank Redbank

Red Bluff Red Bluff

Robinvale Latje Rd Robinvale

Roadside adjacent to the golf club between Adcock and Lawerena Rds.

Double row of trees. 248 248 Kurrajong (Brachychiton

populous)


Most trees have individual plaques.

92



Rokewood Rokewood

Rokewood Junction Rokewood Double row

of trees. 67 Trees originally had individual plaques.

Ross Creek Ross Creek Tree guards. Rossbridge Rossbridge Rowsley Rowsley Rushworth Rushworth Sale East Sale East

Sandringham North Rd, Nepean Hwy Sandringham Tree guards. Flowering Gums (Corymbia

ficifolia) Trees originally had individual plaques.

Sassafras Sassafras Acacia (Acacia spp.)

Scarsdale-Newtown Glenelg Hwy Scarsdale

Sebastopol Birdwood Ave and Grant St Sebastopol Tree guards. 279 0

The avenue began struggling very soon after planting.

Seville Warburton Rd Seville Tree guards. few

Seymour Anzac Ave Seymour ≈115 0

Shepparton Goulburn Valley Hwy

Murchison to Shepparton

Double row of trees both sides of the highway.

2457 2441

Avenue extends for 19km. Young trees were originally protected by tree guards. The trees are planted between 21 and 24m apart.

779 River Red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis), 44 Lemon scented gum (Corymbia citriodora), 298 Sugar gum (E. cladocalyx), 68 Yellow gum (E.leucoxylon), 205 Spotted gum (Corymbia maculata), 232 Yellow Box (E. melliodora), 264 Grey Box (E. microcarpa), 297 Red Box (E. polyanthemos), 232 Red Ironbark (E. sideroxylon), 22 unknown gums (Eucalyptus spp.).

Signs at both ends marks avenue.

Memorial plates were attached to around 110 trees near the homes of the relevant servicemen after the completion of the avenue.

93



Skipton Glenelg Hwy Skipton Western entry to town.


Original trees elms removed. Replanted twice, in 2000 and 2007.

Wych elm (Ulmus glabra) and English elm (Ulmus procera). Replaced with Monterey pine (Pinus radiata) and Oriental plane (Platanus orientalis), replaced with Silky oak (Grevillea robusta).


No plaques remain.

Smythesdale (1) Smythesdale Entrance to

township. Double row of trees. 122

Smythesdale (2) Brooke St Smythesdale elm (Ulmus spp.)

Snake Valley Carngham-Linton Rd Snake Valley Main road of

township. Triple row of trees. 146 146 Monterey Cypress (Cupressus

macrocarpa) No plaques remain.

Somerville Eramosa Rd and Station St Somerville ≈4-6

Council removed most of the trees at an unknown time.

Plane (Platanus spp.)

Plaques have been 'missing' since the removal of the trees.

Springmount Kingston Roadside. Springmount Kingston

Roadside.

St Arnaud McMahon St St Arnaud King George's Park. ≈47

Poplar (Populus spp.), Holly oak (Quercus ilex), pine (Pinus spp.) and gums (Eucalyptus spp.)

Staghorn Flat Yackandandah-Woodonga Rd

Staghorn Flat

Stockyard Hill Stockyard Hill 64 64 Trees have been replaced as needed.

Stratford Princes Hwy Stratford Between Stratford and Sale.

The trees commemorating those who died have brass nameplates.

Strzelecki Warragul Rd Strzelecki Between Korumburra and Warragul.

Double row of trees. 12 12 Monterey Cypress (Cupressus

macrocarpa)


No plaques remain.

Swanpool Midland Hwy Swanpool Single row of trees. 13

One tree was replaced 10-15 years ago.

Bunya pine (Araucaria bidwillii)


No plaques remain.

94



Swifts Creek Swifts Creek Talbot Amhurst Rd Talbot ≈1-2

Tambo Upper (Original) Tambo Upper


6 0 All trees died. Flowering Gums (Corymbia ficifolia)

All plaques removed and placed in community hall except one plaque lost in a flood.

Tambo Upper (Replacement) Tambo Upper

Driveway to the Community Hall.

Single row of trees. 6 6 Flowering Gums (Corymbia

ficifolia) All trees have individual plaques.

Tanwood Tanwood

Tarneit Tarneit Thomas Carr College. 50

The Heart The Heart Main road through town. Tree guards. 50 few gums (Eucalyptus spp.)


The Sisters The Sisters Monterey Cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa), replaced by gums (Eucalyptus spp.)

Thomastown (Original) Main St Thomastown 21 0 Plane (Platanus spp.) No plaques

remain.

Thomastown (Replacement)

Heyington Ave Thomastown Heyington

Reserve. 21 21 Oriental plane (Platanus orientalis)


Thougla Thougla 0 0 Tintaldra Tintaldra 0 0

Tongala Mangan St Tongala

Behind Shire of Campaspe Offices on railway land.


6 trees have been replaced at different times.

Red Flowering Ironbark (Eucalyptus tricarpa)



Toora South Gippsland Hwy

Toora Double row of trees. 60 Trees are in very

poor health. Mahogany gum (Eucalyptus botryoides) No plaques

remain.

Torquay Torquay

Tooradin South Gippsland Hwy

Tooradin Double row of trees. 18 60

More trees added over time. These may not be commemorative.


95



Tourello Tourello Rd Tourello 1km west of the Ascot to Clunes Rd.


Trees heavily pruned in 1994. Powerlines run along the north side of the avenue.

Walnut (Juglans regia)

Bronze plaque marks avenue.

Towong Towong Main street of town. 0 0

Traralgon Kay St Traralgon Between Franklin St and Breed St.


Trees have been pollarded and require extensive restructuring.

English elm (Ulmus procera), Dutch elm (Ulmus x hollandica)

Sign marks avenue.

Trees were not individually dedicated.

Trawalla Trawalla

Tyabb Frankston Hastings Rd Tyabb few

Most of the trees have been removed.

Tylden Trentham-Dalysford Rd Tylden elm (Ulmus spp.)

Ullina Ullina Rd Ullina Violet Town Hyacinth St Violet Town

Wabba Wabba ≈100 most Most trees survive.

Plane (Platanus spp.) and elm (Ulmus spp.)

Wallan High St (Northern Hwy)

Wallan Between Queen St and Watson St.

Double row of trees. 62-67 52 Purple leaved elm (Ulmus x

hollandica 'Purpurescens')


No plaques remain.

Walwa off River Rd Walwa Trees around the sportsground.

No plaques remain.

Wandin North Warburton Hwy Wandin North 30 Flowering Gums (Corymbia

ficifolia)

Wangaratta Wangaratta-Whitfield Rd (Murdoch Rd)

Wangaratta North side of Hume Hwy.


15 Claret ash (Fraxinus auguatifolia var. oxycarpa ‘Raywoodii’), Golden ash (Fraxinus excelsior 'Aurea')

A single plaque attached to a rock lists deceased soldiers.

Warrion Warrion Row of trees in sportsground.

Some nameplates remain.

Waterloo Waterloo pine (Pinus spp.)

96



Waurn Ponds

Corner of Princes Hwy and Cochranes Rd

Waurn Ponds Adjacent to memorial reserve.

31 9 All original trees died of old age.

Moreton Bay fig (Ficus macrophylla), pines (Pinus spp.) and gums (Eucalyptus spp.)

Wedderburn Wedderburn

Welshpool South Gippsland Hwy

Welshpool Double row of trees. Tree guards.


30 English Elm (Ulmus procera), 10 London Plane (Platanus x acerifolia)

No plaques remain.

Werneth Werneth 10?

All trees originally had individual plaques.

Werribee Ballan Rd and Bolton Rd Werribee Single row

of trees.

more than 30

30-40

Trees are in decline. Some trees were recently removed and replaced with Drooping sheoak and Spotted gum.

14 Monterey Cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa), 16 Lambert's Cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa 'Horizontalis Aurea'), replacements Drooping Sheoak (Allocasuarina verticulata) and Spotted gum (Corymbia maculata).

No plaques remain.

Whitfield Whitfield

Whittlesea (1) Church St, Walnut St and Lime St

Whittlesea Avenue receives regular maintenance.

London Plane (Platanus x acerifolia), Silky oak (Grevilliea robusta), other natives.

All trees have nameplates.

Whittlesea (2) Whittlesea

Concrete gateway marks avenue.

Trees originally had nameplates, avenue now destroyed.

Willaura Willaura Winslow Amiens Ave Winslow 35

Wodonga Anzac Pde Wodonga Single row of trees. 54 Pinoak (Quercus palustris)


No plaques remain.

Woodend (1) Old Calder Hwy Woodend

From Romsey Rd to the freeway.

Double row of trees. ≈237 224

English oak (Quercus robur), Algerian oak (Quercus canariensis)

Sign marks avenue.

Trees originally had plaques but these were removed and kept at the Woodend RSL to stop vandalism.

97



Woodend (2) Blackmore Rd Woodend Woodend (3) Tylden Rd Woodend

Woodhouse-Nareeb Woodhouse-

Narbeeb

Woolsthorpe Manifold St Woolsthorpe 34 0 Avenue removed in 2005 by the council.

Monterey cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa)

Woomelang Woomelang Sports ground. Tree guards Pines (Pinus spp.)

All trees originally had individual plaques.

Woodford Woodford few

Wooreen Yarragon Rd Mirboo North No township at Wooreen anymore.

Double row of trees. 70 20 Trees originally

had guards. 12 elms (Ulmus spp.), 8 oak (Quercus spp.)


No plaques remain.

Wunghnu Taylor St Wunghnu 0

Trees were in poor health and were removed during 2000s.


Yan Yean Yan Yean Main road through township.

Tree guards Plane (Platanus spp.), gums (Eucalyptus spp.)

Yarra Glen Anzac Ave Yarra Glen Yendon Yendon Yarrawonga (1)

Belmore St and Orr St Yarrawonga

Yarrawonga (2)

Dunlop St and Pinniger St Yarrawonga

Yarrawonga (3) Gilmore St Yarrawonga Lemon scented gum

(Corymbia citriodora)


98

TABLE 5.16: VIC MEMORIAL AVENUES – COMMEMORATION, HISTORICAL DETAILS, ASSOCIATIONS AND REFERENCES


Council


References

Addington 25/04/ 1991 WW1 Ballarat City

Council Personal communication - Jim Wallace 2004.

Allans Flat Circa WW1? WW1 Indigo Shire

Council

Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004.

Amphitheatre Circa WW1 WW1

Pyrenese Shire Council

Haddow (1987). Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004.

Anglesea Circa WW1 WW1

Surf Coast Shire Council

Haddow (1987). Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004.

Apsley 1902 Boer War Destroyed

West Wimmera Shire Council

Website - Southwell-Keeley, War Memorials in Australia 2007. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Arthurs Creek Circa WW1 WW1

Nillumbik Shire Council

Haddow (1987). Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Avoca 1918 WW1 Pyrenees Shire Council

Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Bacchus Marsh 1918 WW1 Local

recognition Partly damaged.

The avenue was established by the local community in conjunction with the local council and the RSL.

Moorabool Shire Council

Bacchus Marsh RSL

Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Haddow (1987). Website - Southwell-Keeley, War Memorials in Australia 2007. Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Moorabool Shire Council - Survey Response. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

99


Council


References

Bairnsdale

East Gippsland Shire Council

Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Ballangeich Circa 1920 WW1

The idea for the avenue came from the State School arbor day. The president of the shire donated the trees and the council provided the tree guards. The money required was raised by public subscription.

Moyne Shire Council

Haddow (1987). Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Ballarat (1) started 3/6/ 1917

WW1 All men from the area who served.

National Trust (Vic). State Recognition. Local Recognition.

Complete

The avenue was instigated by Mrs W D Thompson during the first world war. Along with her co-workers at the E Lucas and Co Clothing Factory she raised the funds and organised the planting. There was a very large community involvement and when completed the avenue cost £2000 and the Arch of Victory £2600. This money was made up entirely from donations and fundraising efforts. The first 500 trees were planted June 3rd 1917 and 7 more planting sessions followed over the next 2 years. By August 1919 over 3,000 trees had been planted . The Avenue and the Arch were officially opened by HRH the Prince of Wales on the 3rd of June 1920. The avenue is still used for the ANZAC Day March and ceremonies on Remembrance Day.

Ballarat City Council Ballarat RSL

Haddow (1987). Website - Southwell-Keeley, War Memorials in Australia 2007. Dargavel (1999). Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Ballarat City Council - Survey Response, Website - Register of the National Trust

Ballarat (2) 1924-27 WW1 Ballarat City Council Ballarat RSL Authentic Heritage Services Pty

Ltd (2008).

Ballarat (3) Ballarat City Council Ballarat RSL Authentic Heritage Services Pty

Ltd (2008).

Ballarat (4) 1917 WW1 Ballarat City Council Ballarat RSL Authentic Heritage Services Pty

Ltd (2008).

100


Council


References

Ballarat (5) 1916-17 WW1 The avenue was planted by the Ballarat North Progress Association.

Ballarat City Council Ballarat RSL

Dargavel (1999). Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Personal communication - Jim Wallace 2004.


Ltd (2008).


Ltd (2008).


Ltd (2008).

Ballarat East 1917-1920 WW1 Destroyed Ballarat City

Council Ballarat RSL

Haddow (1987). Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Personal communication - Jim Wallace 2004.

Balnarring 1918 WW1

Men from the area who enlisted.

Other - Council Planning scheme.

Mornington Peninsula Council


Bandiana Vietnam Wodonga City Council


Barnawartha Circa WW1 WW1 Indigo Shire

Council


Barrys Reef 1919 WW1 Moorabool Shire Council

Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004.

Bass 2/09/ 1919 WW1 Funds for the avenue were raised

by public subscription.

Bass Coast Shire Council

Haddow (1987). Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

101


Council


References

Beaconsfield 1919 WW1 Complete

The avenue was planted by Miss Ada Armytage, a local philanthropist for Beaconsfield men who served their country in WW1.

City of Casey

Casey, City of (2001). Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Beeac 1917 WW1 Colac Otway Shire Council


Beaufort Circa WW1 WW1

Pyrenees Shire Council

Haddow (1987). Website - Southwell-Keeley, War Memorials in Australia 2007. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Dickins (1985).

Benalla 1932-33 ww1 Destroyed The associated monument has been moved to the memorial area of the Benalla Botanical Gardens.

Benalla Rural City Council

Benalla RSL

Benalla RSL - Survey response. Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Benalla Rural City Council - Survey Response. Personal Communication - Liam Cole 2008. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Bentleigh Circa 1920 WW1 For enlisted

from area. Funds for the avenue were raised by public subscription.

Glen Eira City Council


Berrys Creek

South Gippsland Shire Council


Berwick (1) 1919 WW1

For boys from Berwick Grammar School killed.

Partly damaged.

The avenue was planted by students from Berwick Grammar. The avenue remains a reunion site for former students.

City of Casey

Casey, City of (2001), Haddow (1987). Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

102


Council


References

Berwick (2) 1/08/ 1918 WW1

The avenue was established by the Berwick Progress Association with assistance from the local council and community. Many local residents donated trees and tree guards. The first tree was planted by Berwick Shire Councillor W. G. a'Beckett.

City of Casey

Casey, City of (2001). Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Beulah Yarriambiack Shire Council


Blackwood 30/12/ 1919 WW1 Destroyed



Bonnie Doon WW1 Mansfield Shire Council


Booropki 28/07/ 1918 WW1

The avenue was established by the local community. The preparation and planting took place over several working bees with a ceremony attended by several dignitaries for the dedication. The town no longer exists but some trees survive and it is known who the trees were dedicated to as well as who planted each tree.


Website - Ballaratgenealogy.org (2003), www.ballatratgeneaology.org.au. Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Box Hill Circa WW1 WW1 Destroyed Whitehorse

City Council

Haddow (1987). Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Dickins (1985).

103


Council


References

Branxholme 4/8/ 1919 WW1 The first £40 was raised by public

subscription.

Southern Grampians Shire Council


Broadford Mitchell Shire Council


Broad-meadows 1920 WW1 Hume City

Council Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Browns Plains 2/7/ 1920 WW1 For enlisted

from area. Funds for the avenue were raised by public subscription. Labour was donated.

Indigo Shire Council


Buangor Ararat Rural City Council


Buchan South



Bullarook Circa 1921 WW1 Labour was donated.



Buln Buln ww1 Baw Baw Shire Council

Warragul RSL

Baw Baw Shire Council - Survey response. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Bundalaguah Circa WW1 WW1

Wellington Shire Council


104


Council


References

Buninyong 1920 WW1 and WW2

Destroyed.

Funds for the avenue were raised by public subscription.

Ballarat City Council


Burwood 3/11/ 1959 WW2 Jewish

memorial. Boroondara City Council

Age (Melbourne) 4/11/1959. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Byaduk 1918 WW1



Cambrian Hill 24/11/ 1917 WW1

Funds for the avenue were raised by public donations and fundraisers.



Campbells Creek 1921 WW1 Funds for the avenue were raised


Mount Alexander Shire Council


Campbelltown Circa 1951

WW1 and WW2

Volunteers for both World Wars.

Hepburn Shire Council

Age (Melbourne) 23/07/1951. Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Caramut 1920s WW1 Partly damaged.

The avenue was probably established by the RSL in conjunction with council.

Moyne Shire Council Doyle, H and Context Pty Ltd

(2006).

Caulfield 1918 WW1

For the men from the Cities of Brighton and Caulfield killed in WW1.

Destroyed

The avenue was established by the Town of Brighton and the City of Caulfield for soldiers from both districts killed in WW1.

Bayside City Council

Haddow (1987). Southern Cross 13/01/1965. Personal communication - James Larmour-Reid (Bayside City Council), 16/02/2004. Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008)

105


Council


References

Cheltenham 1926 WW1 Destroyed Kingston City Council

Haddow (1987). Age (Melbourne) 23/04/1926. Standard News (Moorabbin) 17/07/1968. Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Chewton Circa 1920 All Wars


Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Clayton 1920s WW1 Destroyed Monash City Council

Haddow (1987). Gerner Consulting Group (1999). Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Dickins (1985).

Cobram 1949 WW2 A local grazier, Mr H. D. Hay, paid for the avenue.

Moira Shire Council

Herald (Melbourne) 23/04/1949. Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Coburg 30/08/ 1918 WW1

For fallen soldiers from district.

The avenue was established by the local council.

Moreland City Council


Coimadai Melton Shire Council Personal Communication -

Robert Christey, 2004.

Colac Circa 1919 WW1

Colac Otway Shire Council


Coldstream

7/9/ 1919 or 26/07/ 1918

WW1 For enlisted from area.

Yarra Ranges Shire Council


106


Council


References

Coleraine Post 1919 WW1 Partly

damaged.


Haddow (1987). Dickins (1985). Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Corryong August 1918 WW1 Partly

damaged.

The avenue was established by the local community. The avenue was opened by the oldest resident of the district.

Towong Shire Council

Cooryong Courier 12/08/1964. Towong Shire Council - Survey Response.

Corindhap 15/09/ 1917 WW1 For those

who served.

The avenue was established by the residents of Corindhap. There was a major problem with cattle in the first few years and many trees were lost. The tree guards were eventually enlarged and barbed wire added to solve the problem.

Golden Plains Shire Council


Cranbourne 9/07/ 1919

WW1 and later conflicts

Original dedication for soldiers and two nurses from the district who served.

Expanded The avenue was planted by the Cranbourne Patriotic Association.

City of Casey

Casey, City of (2001), Haddow (1987), Website - Southwell-Keeley, War Memorials in Australia 2007. Dickins (1985). Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Cressy 1918 WW1 Colac Otway Shire Council


Creswick 18/12/ 1927 WW1 For those

who served. Hepburn Shire Council

Haddow (1987). Website - Australian Heritage Commission (1999) www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/heritage/register.html. Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

107


Council


References

Croydon WW1 Maroondah Shire Council


Cudgewa 19/10/ 1917 WW1


Haddow (1987). Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Towong Shire Council - Survey Response. Cooryong Courier 12/08/1964. Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Curlewis 2007 All wars Greater Geelong City Council


Dandenong 1919 WW1 Destroyed Greater Dandenong City Council

Website - Southwell-Keeley, War Memorials in Australia 2007. Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Dartmoor 7/08/ 1918 WW1

For servicemen and nurses.

Severely damaged.

Funds for the avenue were raised by public subscription. By the 1990s many of the trees were in poor and hazardous condition. Many were removed and 9 were made into sculptures of various war scenes.

Glenelg Shire Council

Haddow (1987). Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Website - Ballaratgenealogy.org (2003), www.ballatratgeneaology.org.au. Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Daylesford Circa WW1 WW1 For those

who served. Hepburn Shire Council


Dean Circa 1920 WW1




108


Council


References

Derrinallum Corangamite Shire Council


Digby 11/8/ 1917 WW1 Complete

The trees were planted by the local community after subscribing £75. Who planted each tree was recorded. The avenue was rededicated and restored in 1991.


Dept Veterans Affairs (2004), Haddow (1987). Website - Southwell-Keeley, War Memorials in Australia 2007. Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Website - Ballaratgenealogy.org (2003), www.ballatratgeneaology.org.au. Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Diggers Rest Melton Shire Council Personal Communication -


Dimboola 1949 WW1 and WW2

Hindmarsh Shire Council

Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Website - Dimboola Memorial Secondary College, 2003. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Docker Plains 17/10/ 1921 WW1 Local

recognition. The trees were planted by the children of Docker Plains Primary School.

Wangaratta Rural City Council

Wangaratta RSL

Wangaratta Rural City Council - Survey Response.

Donald 1995 WW2 For fallen soldiers from district.

Buloke Shire Council

Website - Southwell-Keeley, War Memorials in Australia 2007. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Doncaster East (Original) 1920 WW1 Destroyed

The trees were planted by the children of Doncaster East Primary School.

Manningham City Council

Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Manningham City Council - Survey Response. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

109


Council


References

Doncaster East (Replacement)

WW1

Other - Manningham Planning Scheme.

Manningham City Council Manningham City Council -

Survey Response.

Drik Drik Circa 1918 WW1

T11750 National Trust of Australia (Victoria).


Website - National Trust of Australia (Victoria) (2004), www.nattrust.com.au. Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Drouin 1940s WW2 For fallen soldiers from district.

Severely damaged.

Baw Baw Shire Council

Haddow (1987). Dargavel (1999). Dickins (1985). Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Drummond 1918/19 WW1 For enlisted from area. Complete

The avenue was established by the Drummond Honour Avenue Committee and the Drummond Patriotic League.


Haddow (1987). Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Malmsbury Historical Society - RSL Survey Response. Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Dunolly 1920 WW1

Central Goldfields Shire Council


Eganstown All Wars Destroyed Hepburn Shire Council

Dargavel (1999). Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

110


Council


References

Eldorado (1) 1917 WW1 Local recognition. Destroyed The trees were planted by the

Eldorado Patriotic Movement.

Wangaratta Rural Council

Wangaratta RSL

Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Wangaratta Rural Council - Survey Response.

Eldorado (2) 1953 WW2 Local recognition.

Partly damaged.

Wangaratta Rural Council

Wangaratta RSL

Wangaratta Rural Council - Survey Response.

Ellerslie 1920s WW1 For enlisted from area. Complete Moyne Shire

Council

Doyle, H and Context Pty Ltd (2006). Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Elmhurst Ararat Rural City Council

Ararat Rural City Council - Survey response. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Eltham By 1919 WW1 Local recognition.

Severely damaged.

In mid 1918 the residents Welcome Home Committee approached council for assistance building an avenue of honour. The community had already planted 100 trees with guards and plaques. The request for council funding for maintenance was lost due to arguments over which council ward should pay for it. The avenue was completed by 1919 but the trees were not well maintained. The trees were replaced at some time after 1950 and the plaques removed.

Nillumbik Shire Council

Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Personal Email - Claudette Fahy, 1/04/2004. Nilumbik Shire Council - Survey Response. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Emerald (1) Circa WW1 WW1 Destroyed

. Cardinia Shire Council


Emerald (2) Circa WW2 WW2

Cardinia Shire Council


111


Council


References

Epsom 17/07/ 1919 WW1


Greater Bendigo City Council

Haddow (1987). Website - Southwell-Keeley, War Memorials in Australia 2007. Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Essendon 1922 WW1 The trees were planted by the local council.

Moonee Valley City Council

Essendon RSL

Essendon RSL - Survey response. Dickins (1985).

Eurack

May 1916 to Dec 1918

WW1 State recognition. Complete

The avenue was instigated by lieutenant George Dentreath (Head Teacher of the local school).


Haddow (1987). Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Colac Otway Shire Council - Survey Response. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Euroa (1) 17/11/ 1936 WW1

Strathbogie Shire Council

Haddow (1987). Website - Southwell-Keeley, War Memorials in Australia 2007. Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Euroa (2) Circa WW2 WW2

Strathbogie Shire Council


Fairfield-Alphington 1947 WW2


The avenue was planted by local schoolchildren.

Darebin City Council

Haddow (1987). Argus (Melbourne) 7/10/1947. Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Ferny Creek



112


Council


References

Footscray 4/8/ 1947 WW2


Maribyrnong City Council

Haddow (1987). Dargavel (1999). Sun (Melbourne) 4/08/1947. Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Frankston WW1 Destroyed.

The avenue was removed in the 60's. The plaques are retained at a new memorial. The replacement memorial is used occasionally for remembrance ceremonies.

Frankston City Council

Frankston RSL

Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Personal Email - Shirley Davies, 9/03/2004. Frankston City Council - Survey Response. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Garibaldi July 1918 WW1 Funds for the avenue were raised




Geelong North Vietnam Greater Geelong City Council

Geelong RSL Geelong RSL - Survey response. Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004.

Gellibrand Circa WW1 WW1



Gembrook April 1946

WW1 and WW2

Local recognition.

Trees planted by Gembrook RSL. The avenue is still used in various ANZAC Day Ceremonies.


Gembrook RSL

Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Cardinia Shire Council - Survey Response. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Glen Lyon Circa WW1 WW1



Glendaruel Ballarat City Council Clunes RSL Personal communication - Jim

Wallace 2004.

113


Council


References

Glenpatrick 1921 WW1 For local soldiers and nurses.



Goomalibee 1942-43 WW1

For soldiers of WW1 and pioneers who settled the area.

Complete Benalla Rural City Council

Benalla Rural City Council - Survey Response. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Goornong 1920 WW1 For enlisted from area.


Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Grantville Circa WW1 WW1

Bass Coast Shire Council


Grassmere By 1920 WW1

For enlisted soldiers from the area and those killed.

Severely damaged.

Funds for the avenue were raised by public subscription. Labour was donated by returned servicemen.

Moyne Shire Council

Haddow (1987). Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Doyle, H and Context Pty Ltd (2006). Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Great Western 1935 WW1 The trees were planted by PS 860 students in a 'plant a tree for a penny' scheme.

Northern Grampians Shire Council

Personal Email - Dallas Bibby, 9/02/2004.

Greenwald 22/8/ 1918



114


Council


References

Grenville 1917 WW1 Partly damaged.



Haddow (1987). Website - Southwell-Keeley, War Memorials in Australia 2007. Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Dickins (1985).

Guildford 1921 WW1 Local recognition. Complete

The trees were planted by the local community. The avenue is used for the ANZAC Day March and ceremonies on Remembrance Day.


Castlemaine RSL

Haddow (1987). Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Personal Email - Steve Van Orsouw, 20/05/2004. Mount Alexander Shire Council - Survey Response. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Haddon Destroyed Golden Plains Shire Council


Hamilton (1)

Finished june 1920 (started 1917)

WW1 For fallen soldiers from district.



Hamilton (2) 1940 WW2



Hampton 1920 WW1 Destroyed Funds for the avenue were raised by public subscription.



115


Council


References

Happy Valley 1921 WW1 Golden Plains Shire Council


Harcourt


Personal Email - Steve Van Orsouw, 20/05/2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Harkaway 27/9/ 1919 WW1 The avenue was established by the

local community. City of Casey

Haddow (1987), Casey, City of (2001), Website - Southwell-Keeley, War Memorials in Australia 2007. Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Hawthorn 1921 WW1

For 30 former students of West Hawthorn Primary School killed in the war.

Complete

The trees were planted by the students of West Hawthorn Primary School in memory of former students.

Boroondara City Council

Personal Email - Stewart Campbell, 27/02/2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Hawthorn West Boroondara

City Council Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Healesville



Heidelberg 1947 WW2 For fallen soldiers from district.

Banyule City Council

Age (Melbourne) 25/08/1947. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Hexham (1) 1921 WW1 Moyne Shire Council


116


Council


References

Hexham (2) 1946-47 WW2 For fallen soldiers from district.

Moyne Shire Council Doyle, H and Context Pty Ltd

(2006).

Highett WW1 Kingston City Council Authentic Heritage Services Pty

Ltd (2008).

Hopetoun 1918-19 WW1 For those who served. Severely

damaged.

The council paid for the nameplates. The rest of the money was raised by public subscription.

Yarriambiack Shire Council


Horsham (1) WW1 and WW2

Horsham Rural City Council

Haddow (1987). Website - Southwell-Keeley, War Memorials in Australia 2007. Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004.

Horsham (2) 19/02/ 1902

Boer war

For British and Australian Soldiers killed.

The trees were planted by the Progress association using donated funds. Mr Thomas Young donated a large sum without which it is unlikely the avenue would have been planted. The avenue was established somewhat prematurely as peace was not declared until 5 months after the trees were planted.

Horsham Rural City Council

Haddow (1987). Dargavel (1999). Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. The Mail-Times 04/11/1998. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Hotspur 2/06/ 1918 WW1

For locals killed in WW1.

The avenue was planted by the local community. In some cases the trees were planted by the relatives of those they commemorated. The names of the soldiers commemorated and the planters of the trees are still known.


Ballaratgeneaology.org.au (2003). Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Hurstbridge 1918 WW1 Nillumbik Shire Council


117


Council


References

Inverleigh Golden Plains Shire Council


Jarrahmond WW2 The avenue was established by the local community.



Jeparit Hindmarsh Shire Council


Kangaroo Flat The avenue was established by the local community.



Kangaroo Hills 1920 WW1 Hepburn Shire Council


Kaniva Circa WW2 WW2


Haddow (1987). Dargavel (1999). Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Kardella 1919 Boer war and WW1

Complete


Korumburra RSL

South Gippsland Shire Council - Survey Response. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Kiewa 1920 WW1 For those who served.

The trees and labour for the avenue were donated and other money raised by public subscription.

Indigo Shire Council


118


Council


References

Kingston 1918 WW1

For local men and women killed in WW1.

Complete

The avenue was proposed at a public meeting by Shire President Captain T. Parkin. The proposal was enthusiastically supported and within several months trees were planted, guards erected and plaques put in place for each tree. The avenue was funded by voluntary contributions. Several working bees were conducted for the establishment of the avenue. A monument marking the avenue was unveiled in 1927. Restorations by council in 2000 and ongoing management has improved the health and appearance of the avenue, including the replacement of all plaques.


Creswick RSL

Creswick RSL - Survey Response, Haddow (1987), Jeffrey 2002. Website - Southwell-Keeley, War Memorials in Australia 2007. Personal Communication - Robert Christey, Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Dickins (1985).

Kongwak WW1 and WW2

Local recognition.


Kongwak RSL

Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. South Gippsland Shire Council - Survey Response. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Koorooman 5/07/ 1918 WW1


Leongatha RSL


Koroit Circa WW1

WW1 and WW2

Complete Moyne Shire Council

Doyle, H and Context Pty Ltd (2006). Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Kotupna Before 1922

WW1 and WW2

For enlisted from area. Partly

damaged.

The avenue was established by the local community for locals who enlisted in WW1. In September 1947 a further 22 trees were added for locals who served in WW2.

Moira Shire Council

Haddow (1987). Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Dickins (1985).

Kyneton Recent avenue

Macedon Ranges Shire Council

Kyneton RSL

Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Macedon Ranges Shire Council - Survey Response. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

119


Council


References

Lakes Entrance 1924 WW1


Destroyed.



Landsborough 1919 WW1 Pyrenees Shire Council


Lara 28/8/ 1948 WW2

Incorporates memorial gates for WW1.

Complete

The local RSL initiated the project and a public meeting was called where it was decided to plant a memorial avenue.

Greater Geelong City Council

Lara RSL

Lara RSL - Survey Response, Haddow (1987). Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Learmonth Circa WW1 WW1 Complete Ballarat City

Council

Haddow (1987). Website - Southwell-Keeley, War Memorials in Australia 2007. Dargavel (1999). Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Dickins (1985).

Leongatha 22/06/ 1918 WW1 For those

who served. Local recognition.

Severely damaged.


Haddow (1987). Website - Southwell-Keeley, War Memorials in Australia 2007. Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. South Gippsland Shire Council - Survey Response. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Dickins (1985).

Lexton August 1917 WW1

Planted for 1000 days of war to encourage enlistments.

Complete

The cypress trees were donated by Cr J. G. Roberston of Mt Mitchell Homestead. The avenue was planted by the Lexton branch of the Australian Natives Association.


Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Pyrenees Shire Council - Survey Response.

120


Council


References

Lilydale Circa WW1 WW1



Limestone 1919 WW1 Local recognition. Complete The avenue was initiated by the

Yea RSL.

Murrindindi Shire Council

Yea RSL Murrindindi Shire Counci; - Survey Response.

Linton 1920 WW1 For those who served. Severely

damaged. Funds for the avenue were raised by public subscription.


Haddow (1987). Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Dickins (1985).

Lismore 26/7/ 1918 WW1 Funds for the avenue were raised


Corangamite Shire Council


Loch Circa WW2 WW2



Lorne 14/10/ 1919 WW1 Destroyed

. The avenue was established by local Red Cross ladies.



Lysterfield 13/08/ 1919 WW1

Dedicated to 4 local soldiers killed and the 10 who returned.

Complete

A local resident suggested planting a memorial avenue in 1919. Over time the avenue was almost destroyed but was restored in 1995 by the works of council, the Australian Army and locals.


Haddow (1987). Website - Southwell-Keeley, War Memorials in Australia 2007. Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Website - Rowville Lysterfield History Project 2003. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

121


Council


References

Macedon 10/8/ 1918 WW1 For those

who served. Complete The trees were planted by a local committee and funds raised by public subscription.


Gisborne and Macedon Ranges RSL

Gisborn and Macedon Ranges RSL - Survey Response, Haddow (1987). Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Macedon Ranges Shire Council - Survey Response. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Dickins (1985).

MacLeod 1919 WW1 State recognition.

Partly damaged.

The avenue was planted by soldiers treated at MacLeod Military Hospital. The trees were grown from seed by patients in the Hugh Linakers Vocational Training Nursery.

Darebin City Council

Watsonia RSL

Watsonia RSL - Survey response. Haddow (1987). Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Darebin City Council - Survey Response. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Maffra 3/10/ 1918 WW1



Haddow (1987). Website - Southwell-Keeley, War Memorials in Australia 2007. Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Maldon 1916 WW1 For fallen soldiers from district.

Partly damaged.

The avenue was planted by the Maldon Progress Association. All labour was voluntary and the planting took place over several weeks. The avenue is used on Remembrance Day.


Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Mount Alexander Shire Council - Survey Response. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Malvern 4/08/ 1920 WW1 Destroyed

. Stonnington City Council

Stonnington City Council - Survey Response. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Mansfield Mansfield Shire Council


122


Council


References

Marong 1920 WW1 Complete Local council paid for the avenue. Greater Bendigo City Council


Maroondah

Planted for a single soldier killed in WW1.

Maroondah Shire Council

Personal Email - Peter Schroeder, 1/03/2004. Personal Email - Peter Goegan 11/02/2004.

Meeniyan 14/08/ 1918 WW1

The avenue is used for the ANZAC Day March and other ANZAC Day ceremonies.


Meeniyan RSL

Haddow (1987). Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. South Gippsland Shire Council - Survey Response. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Merino 1932? WW1 Glenelg Shire Council


Metung Circa WW1 WW1



Haddow (1987). Dargavel (1999). Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Mickleham WW1 and WW2

Local recognition. The avenue was planted by local

school children. Hume City Council Sunbury RSL

Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Hume City Council - Survey Response. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Mildura All wars

Avenue dedicated to all fallen servicemen and women.

The idea was suggested several years ago by then RSL President Ken Barclay. The existing streetscape was dedicated by John Landy AC MBE, Governor of Victoria in 2005 to coincide with celebrations of the 60th anniversary of Victory in the Pacific.

Mildura Rural City Council

Mildura RSL Mildura Rural City Council (2005).

123


Council


References

Millgrove 1920 WW1



Miners Rest 1920 WW1 The avenue was established by the local community.

Ballarat City Council Personal communication - Jim

Wallace 2004.

Mitcham Destroyed. Whitehorse

City Council


Modewarre

Circa 1940s. Elm planted 1918

WW1 Funds for the avenue were raised by public subscription.



Monbulk



Moonambel Aug 1918 WW1 Local

recognition. Complete The avenue was established by the local community.


Haddow (1987). Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Pyrenees Shire Council - Survey Response. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Moonee Ponds (1)

Circa WW1 WW1


Essendon RSL

Essendon RSL - Survey response, Haddow (1987). Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Moonee Ponds (2)

Circa WW2 WW2



Moorabbin 1920s WW1 Kingston City Council Authentic Heritage Services Pty

Ltd (2008).

124


Council


References

Moriac WW1 Surf Coast Shire Council


Mornington

Oct 1925 (or 1917?)

WW1 For those who served. Destroyed

The monument and avenue was unveiled by the Governor of Victoria, Lord Stradbroke in October 1925 and blessed by the Archbishop of Melbourne, Dr Harrington Lees.

Mornington Peninsula Shire Council

Haddow (1987). Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Personal Email - Simon Lloyd 27/10/2006. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Dickins (1985).

Mortlake 1926 WW1 and WW2

For those who served. More trees added for WW2.

Expanded The local community planted the trees.

Moyne Shire Council

Mortlake RSL

Mortlake RSL - Survey Response, Haddow (1987). Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Mount Evelyn WW1 Destroyed



Mount Waverley 1920s WW1 Severely

damaged. The avenue was established by the local community.

Monash City Council

Haddow (1987). Gerner Consulting Group (1999). Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Moyston 2/08/ 1919 WW1


Expanded

The avenue was established by the local community in conjunction with the local council. Funds for the avenue were raised by public subscription.

Ararat Rural City Council

Haddow (1987). Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Ararat Rural City Council - Survey response. Website - National Trust 1989. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Mumbannar Glenelg Shire Council


Murrayville 25/05/ 1918 WW1

Mildura Rural City Council

Murrayville RSL - Survey reponse

125


Council


References

Murtoa Yarriam-biack Shire Council


Myrniong (1) WW1 Moorabool Shire Council


Myrniong (2) 1940s? WW2 Moorabool Shire Council


Nareeb Circa WW2 WW2



Naringal 1947 WW2 Destroyed The shire council provided the tree guards and public working bees established the avenue.

Moyne Shire Council

Warnambool Standard 24/04/1947. Doyle, H and Context Pty Ltd (2006). Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Narre Warren 27/9/ 1919 WW1 For those

who served.

The avenue was planted by the local community with many working bees to make guards and nameplates. Money was raised by donation.

City of Casey

Casey, City of (2001), Haddow (1987), Website - Southwell-Keeley, War Memorials in Australia 2007. Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Nathalia 1918-1920 WW1


Complete Moira Shire Council

Haddow (1987). Dargavel (1999). Website - National Trust of Australia (Victoria) (2004), www.nattrust.com.au. Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Dickins (1985).

126


Council


References

Natte Yallock WW1 Pyrenees Shire Council


Newlyn Circa WW1 WW1 Severely

damaged. Hepburn Shire Council


Newstead 1919 WW1



Haddow (1987). Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Personal Email - Steve Van Orsouw, 20/05/2004. Mount Alexander Shire Council - Survey Response. Website - National Trust 1995. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Newtown Golden Plains Shire Council


Nilma Baw Baw Shire Council


North Geelong (1) 1946 WW2



North Geelong (2) 1995 Vietnam



Notting Hill WW1 Destroyed. Monash City

Council

Haddow (1987). Gerner Consulting Group (1999). Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Dickins (1985).

127


Council


References

Numurkah 16/11/ 1986 WW2

For prisoners of war in WW2.

Moira Shire Council

Website - Southwell-Keeley, War Memorials in Australia 2007. Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004.

Oakleigh Circa WW1 WW1 Monash City

Council


Officer 26/1/ 1919 WW1



Orbost Circa 1920

WW1 and WW2




Orford 1920's WW1 Complete Moyne Shire Council

Haddow (1987). Doyle, H and Context Pty Ltd (2006). Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Pakenham Upper

Circa WW1 WW1



Paynesville Destroyed


Personal Communication - Ian McDougall, East Gippsland Shire (2003). Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

128


Council


References

Pearcedale WW2 City of Casey Authentic Heritage Services Pty

Ltd (2008).

Penshurst WW1



Plenty Nillumbik Shire Council


Piggoreet Circa WW1 WW1



Port Fairy 1918 WW1 Moyne Shire Council Authentic Heritage Services Pty

Ltd (2008).

Puckapunyal (1)

15/11/ 1953 WW2

24th Bat A.I.F. members killed in WW2.

Mitchell Shire Council

Haddow (1987). Dargavel (1999). Age (Melbourne)14/07/1953. Age (Melbourne) 14/11/1953. Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Puckapunyal (2) 1954 WW2

In memory of Field Marshal Sir Thomas Blamey, Sir Stanley Savage and units of the 17th Brigade.


Advertiser (Adelaide) 6/11/1954. Sun (Melbourne) 22/11/1954.

Pyramid Hill 1936 WW1 Loddon Shire Council

Haddow (1987). Dargavel (1999). Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

129


Council


References

Queenscliffe 1920s? WW1 Severely damaged. Queenscliffe

Queenscliffe Borough Council (2001). Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Redbank 1918 WW1 The avenue was planted by volunteer labour.


Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Red Bluff Indigo Shire Council

Haddow (1987). Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004.

Robinvale 1979 Vietnam Complete The avenue was established by the local community in conjunction with the RSL.

Swan Hill Rural City Council

Robinvale RSL

Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Swan Hill Rural City Council - Survey Response.

Rokewood 18/9/ 1918 WW1

Funds for the avenue were raised by public subscription. Avenue planted by volunteer labour.



Rokewood Junction

20/7/ 1918 WW1

Funds for the avenue were raised by public subscription. Avenue planted by volunteer labour. The trees were supplied by local residents.



Ross Creek before 1921 WW1



Rossbridge Ararat Rural City Council Authentic Heritage Services Pty

Ltd (2008).

Rowsley WW2 Moorabool Shire Council


130


Council


References

Rushworth WW1 Campaspe Shire Council


Sale East All wars Wellington Shire Council


Sandringham 18/07/ 1917 WW1 For those

who served.

The Prime Minister W. M. Hughes planted the first tree. The rest were planted by friends and relatives of those commemorated.


Haddow (1987). Age (Melbourne) 24/02/1926. Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Sassafras Circa WW1 WW1


Haddow (1987). Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Scarsdale-Newtown WW1



Sebastopol 1920 WW1 Destroyed

The avenue was reportedly in very bad condition by 1937. It was suggested that the soil was unsuitable and plans were made to remove the trees.


Haddow (1987). Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Courier (Ballarat) 11/06/1937. Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Seville 14/9/ 1918 WW1 Severely

damaged.

The avenue was paid for by public subscription and the Seville Progress Association.



Seymour July 1917 WW1 Destroyed

. Funds for the avenue were raised by public subscription.


Haddow (1987). Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Dickins (1985).

131


Council


References

Shepparton


WW2

Calder Woodburn, killed in 1942.

H1975 Victorian Heritage Register. T11115 National Trust of Australia (Vic) Register. 100944 Australian Heritage Places Inventory.

Complete

The avenue was planted over 6 years by Fen Woodburn in memory of his son Calder, killed in WW2. In late 1943 he discussed planting an avenue with the Country Roads Board and offered to finance the project. Seedlings raised by the Forest Commission were planted personally by Woodburn between 1945 and 1949. He eventually dedicated the avenue to all the servicemen from the district.

Greater Shepparton City Council

Haddow (1987). Dargavel (1999). Heritage Victoria 2002. National Trust 1988. Australian Heritage Places Inventory 2003. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Skipton Circa WW1 WW1 For enlisted

from area. Expanded Corangamite Shire Council

Haddow (1987). Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Corangamite Shire Council - Survey Response. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Dickins (1985).

Smythesdale (1)

10/8/ 1918 WW1 Funds for the avenue were raised




Smythesdale (2)

Circa 1975?

WW2 and Vietnam



Snake Valley Aug 1918 WW1 Local


146 Golden cypress trees and around 50 wattles were planted by senior boys and girls from the local school to commemorate district soldiers.


Haddow (1987). Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Pyrenees Shire Council - Survey Response. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Somerville Arbour day 1917

WW1 Severely damaged.

The avenue was planted by local schoolchildren.

Mornington Peninsula Shire Council

Somerville, Tyabb and District Historical Society

Personal Email - Edwina, 3/03/2004. Personal Email - Shirley Davies, 9/03/2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

132


Council


References

Springmount Hepburn Shire Council


St Arnaud 1918 WW1 For fallen soldiers from district.

Northern Grampians Shire Council


Staghorn Flat WW1 Indigo Shire Council


Stockyard Hill Nov 1918 WW1 Complete The trees were planted by families

from the district.


Lake Goldsmith Stockyard Hill Social Club

Lake Goldsmith Stockyard Hill Social Club - RSL Survey response, Haddow (1987). Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Stratford 1920 WW1 For enlisted from area.



Strzelecki 1918 WW1 Complete



Swanpool 1920 WW1 Benalla Rural City Council

Benalla Rural City Council - Survey Response. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Swifts Creek



Talbot 9/8/ 1919 WW1 For enlisted

from area. Destroyed.




133


Council


References

Tambo Upper (Original) 1921 WW1


Destroyed.




Tambo Upper (Replacement)

11/11/ 1997 WW1


Complete

The original avenue was replaced by the local community and children from the Tambo Upper Primary School.


Website - Department of Veterans Affairs (2004) www.dva.gov.au/media/publicat/memories.htm.

Tanwood Pyrenees Shire Council


Tarneit 2003 Wyndham City Council Personal Communication -


The Heart Sept 1918 WW1 Severely

damaged. Wellington Shire Council


The Sisters 1920s WW1 Moyne Shire Council


Thomastown (Original) 1920 WW1

For former students of Thomastown State School who served.

Destroyed.

Funds for the avenue were raised by public subscription. The avenue was destroyed in the 1980s.

Whittlesea City Council

Haddow (1987). Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Personal Communication - Peter Ali, City of Whittlesea (2004). Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Thomastown (Replacement)

June 2003 WW1 Complete

The students of Thomastown Primary School in conjunction with the council and RSL established the avenue. This avenue recreated the previous avenue destroyed in the 1980s.


Personal Communication - Peter Ali, City of Whittlesea (2004). Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

134


Council


References

Thougla 13/08/ 1918 WW1


Towong Shire Council - Survey Response. Cooryong Courier 12/08/1964.

Tintaldra 1918 WW1 Towong Shire Council


Tongala 7/11/ 2004 Local


The avenue was instigated by Michael Thompson. The avenue is used on ANZAC Day and Remembrance Day.

Campaspe Shire Council

Tongala RSL

Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Campaspe Shire Council - Survey Response.

Toora 1920 WW1

The trees were planted by the Toora Progress Association and the Red Cross. A second planting occurred in 1933.


Toora RSL

Haddow (1987). Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. South Gippsland Shire Council - Survey Response. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Torquay Surf Coast Shire Council


Tooradin 1918 WW1 Expanded Funds for the avenue were raised by public subscription.


Casey, City of (2001), Haddow (1987). Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Tourello Circa 1918 WW1

Soldiers from the district.


Complete


Haddow (1987). Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Website - National Trust 1994. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Dickins (1985).

Towong 1918 WW1 Towong Shire Council


135


Council


References

Traralgon 1918 WW1 and WW2



Complete La Trobe Shire Council

Haddow (1987). Dargavel (1999). Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Website - National Trust 1989. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Dickins (1985).

Trawalla Pyrenees Shire Council


Tyabb Severely damaged.

Mornington Peninsula Council

Somerville, Tyabb and District Historical Society

Personal Email - Edwina, 3/03/2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Tylden



Ullina 15/9/ 1919 WW1 Funds for the avenue were raised




Violet Town WW1 Strathbogie Shire Council


Wabba 24/08/ 1917 WW1 Partly

damaged. Towong Shire Council


Wallan 1920's WW1 For local citizens who served.


Partly damaged.

The avenue was established by the local community. The avenue is used for the ANZAC Day March and other ANZAC Day ceremonies.


Kilmore RSL

Haddow (1987). Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Mitchell Shire Council - Survey Response. Website - National Trust 1994. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

136


Council


References

Walwa Towong Shire Council


Wandin North 1920s WW1



Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Website - National Trust 1985. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Wangaratta 1983 Vietnam Local recognition. Avenue planted by the Vietnam

Veterans Association.

Wangaratta Rural City Council

Wangaratta Rural City Council - Survey Response. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Warrion Colac Otway Shire Council


Waterloo Circa WW1 WW1



Waurn Ponds July 1919

WW1, WW2 and Vietnam

Severely damaged.

The local community planted the trees. Funds for the avenue were raised by public subscription.


Geelong RSL

Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Geelong RSL - Survey response. Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Wedderburn Loddon Shire Council


Welshpool 18/09/ 1918 WW1 Local

recognition. Severely damaged.

The trees were planted by the 'Committee of the Soldiers'. Funds for the avenue were raised by public subscription.


Welshpool RSL

Haddow (1987). Survey of War Memorials 1920-21. Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. South Gippsland Shire Council - Survey Response. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

137


Council


References

Werneth August 1918 WW1 Funds for the avenue were raised




Werribee WW1 Complete Wyndham City Council

Personal Email - Mark Hammett, 20/02/2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Whitfield 1920 WW1 Wangaratta Rural City Council


Whittlesea (1) 1990s WW2 Whittlesea City Council

Haddow (1987). Personal Communication - Peter Ali, City of Whittlesea (2004). Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Whittlesea (2) March 1927 WW1 Whittlesea

City Council

Haddow (1987). Website - Southwell-Keeley, War Memorials in Australia 2007. Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004.

Willaura Ararat Rural City Council


Winslow 30/9/ 1919 WW1 Moyne Shire

Council


Wodonga 11/11/ 1991 Vietnam The avenue was established by the

local council. Wodonga City Council

Wodonga RSL

Dargavel (1999). Wodonga City Council - Survey Response. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

138


Council


References

Woodend (1) 14/09/ 1918 WW1

For local men killed in WW1.

National Trust (Vic). Complete


Haddow (1987). Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. Macedon Ranges Shire Council - Survey Response. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008). Dickins (1985).

Woodend (2) WW2



Woodend (3)

WW2, Korea and Vietnam



Woodhouse-Nareeb WW1

Southern Gippsland Shire Council


Woolsthorpe WW1 For enlisted from area. Destroyed The avenue was established by the

local community. Moyne Shire Council Doyle, H and Context Pty Ltd

(2006).

Woomelang 1920 WW1 Yarriam-biack Shire Council


Woodford Severely damaged. Warnambool

City Council


Wooreen 20/07/ 1918 WW1 Local

recognition. Severely damaged.


Leongatha RSL

Personal Communication - Robert Christey, 2004. South Gippsland Shire Council - Survey Response. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Wunghnu 1930s WW1 Destroyed Moira Shire Council

Personal communication - Meaghan Molnar, Moira Shire Council 1/03/2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

139


Council


References

Yan Yean Funds for the avenue were raised by public subscription.



Yarra Glen 1948 WW2



Yendon Moorabool Shire Council


Yarrawonga (1)

The avenue was planted by Doug Gillespie with the help of the Mulwala Services Club.

Moira Shire Council Authentic Heritage Services Pty

Ltd (2008).

Yarrawonga (2) Moira Shire

Council Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

Yarrawonga (3) 1991

WW1 and WW2

For returned servicemen. Moira Shire

Council

Personal communication - Meaghan Molnar, Moira Shire Council 1/03/2004. Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd (2008).

140

TABLE 5.17: VIC MEMORIAL AVENUES – TREE SPECIES USED

Species Common Name No. Avenue Locations Acacia spp. Wattle 2 Ballarat (1), Sassafras.

Acacia baileyana Cootamundra Wattle 1 Hexham (1).

Acer spp. Maple 1 Ballarat (1). Acer pseudoplantanus Sycamore 1 Daylesford. Acer pseudoplantanus 'Purpureum' Copper Sycamore 1 Daylesford. Aesculus hippocastanum Horse Chestnut 1 Kongwak. Allocasuarina verticulata Drooping Sheoak 1 Werribee. Alnus Alder 1 Ballarat (1). Araucaria bidwillii Bunya Pine 2 Kongwak, Swanpool. Araucaria heterophylla Norfolk Island Pine 1 Hampton. Betula spp. birch 1 Ballarat (1). Brachychiton populous Kurrajong 4 Hotspur, Malvern, Nathalia, Robinvale. Castanea satiua Spanish Chestnut 1 Daylesford. Cedrus spp. Cedar 1 Harcourt. Cedrus atlantica Atlas Cedar 1 Dartmoor. Cedrus libani Lebanon cedar 1 Corryong.

Corymbia citriodora Lemon Scented gum 2 Shepparton, Yarrawonga (3).

Corymbia ficifolia Red Flowering gum 13

Campbelltown, Doncaster East (replacement), Drouin, Grantville, Harkaway, Meeniyan, Naringal, Puckapunyal (1), Sandringham, Tambo Upper (original), Tambo Upper (replacement), Tooradin, Wandin North.

Corymbia maculata Spotted gum 2 Shepparton, Werribee. Crataegus spp. Hawthorn 1 Ballarat (1).

Cupressus spp. Cypress 7 Allans Flat, Derrinallum, Essendon, Inverleigh, Lexton, Modewarre, Moonambel.

Cupressus macrocarpa Monterey Cypress 19

Caramut, Coleraine, Corindhap, Ellerslie, Glendaruel, Hexham (1), Hexham (2), Lakes Entrance, Lara, Miners Rest, Moonee Ponds (1), Mortlake, Orford, Queenscliffe, Snake Valley, Strzelecki, The Sisters, Werribee, Woolsthorpe.

Cupressus macrocarpa 'Horizontalis Aurea' Lambert's Cypress 1 Werribee.

Eucalyptus spp. gum 15

Ballarat (1), Booropki, Cheltenham, Dandenong, Drummond, Footscray, Goomalibee, Landsborough, North Geelong (2), Shepparton, St Arnaud, The Heart, The Sisters, Waurn Ponds, Yan Yean.

Eucalyptus botryoides Mahogany gum 6 Docker Plains, Doncaster East (original), Hawthorn, Maldon, Puckapunyal (2), Toora.

Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red Gum 2 Mickleham, Shepparton.

Eucalyptus cladocalyx Sugar gum 12

Docker Plains, Eldorado (1), Hopetoun, Kangaroo Flat, Kaniva, Kotupna, MacLeod, Mickleham, Mildura, Pyramid Hill, Shepparton, Wunghnu.

Eucalyptus leucoxylon Yellow gum 2 Hawthorn, Shepparton. Eucalyptus melliodora Yellow box 1 Shepparton. Eucalyptus microcarpa Grey box 1 Shepparton. Eucalyptus polyanthemos Red Box 1 Shepparton. Eucalyptus sideroxylon Red Ironbark 1 Shepparton.

Eucalyptus tricarpa Red Flowering Ironbark 1 Tongala.

Ficus macrophylla Moreton Bay fig 3 Drik Drik, Lorne, Waurn Ponds.

Fraxinus spp. Ash 3 Ballarat (1), Guildford, North Geelong (1). Species Common Name No. Avenue Locations

141

Fraxinus excelsior 'aurea' Golden Ash 2 Kardella, Wangaratta. Fraxinus augustifolia var. oxycarpa ‘Raywoodii’ Claret Ash 1 Wangaratta.

Grevilliea robusta Silky oak 6 Benalla, Eldorado (2), Lysterfield, Moonambel, Skipton, Whittlesea (1).

Juglans regia Walnut 1 Tourello. Lophostemen confertus Brushbox 2 Doncaster East (replacement), Hawthorn. Melia azedarach White cedar 1 Goomalibee.

Phoenix canariensis Canary Island Date Palm 1 Marong.

Pinus spp. pine 12

Blackwood, Elmhurst, Glenpatrick, Goomalibee, Greenwald, MacLeod, Natte Yallock, Orford, St Arnaud, Waterloo, Waurn Ponds, Woomelang.

Pinus radiata Monterey pine 6 Balnarring, Coleraine, Corindhap, Maldon, Moyston, Skipton.

Platanus spp plane 7 Ballarat (1), Cudgewa, Guildford, Somerville, Thomastown (original), Wabba, YanYean.

Platanus x acerifolia London plane 6 Eltham, Koroit, Maroondah, Notting Hill, Welshpool, Whittlesea.

Platanus orientalis Oriental plane 4 Euroa (1), Moonambel, Skipton, Thomastown (replacement).

Populus spp. Poplar 3 Ballarat (1), Koroit, St Arnaud. Populus alba 'Pyramidialis' Silver poplar 1 Beaufort. Populus nigra Black poplar 2 Beaconsfield, Kongwak.

Quercus spp. oak 6 Apsley, Ballarat (1), Emerald (1), Gembrook, Limestone, Wooreen.

Quercus canariensis Algerian oak 4 Gembrook, Koorooman, Leongatha, Woodend (1).

Quercus castaneifolia Chestnut-leaved oak 2 Koorooman, Leongatha.

Quercus faginea Portuguese oak 3 Clayton, Cranbourne, Mount Waverley. Quercus ilex Holly oak 1 St Arnaud. Quercus laevis Turkey oak 1 Kongwak.

Quercus robur English oak 16

Berwick (1), Berwick (2), Cranbourne, Gembrook, Grassmere, Jarrahmond, Kiewa, Kongwak, Learmonth, Leongatha, Linton, Lysterfield, Moonambel, Narre Warren, Nilma, Woodend (1).

Quercus palustris Pin oak 8 Beaufort, Berwick (1), Berwick (2), Guildford, Kongwak, Kyneton, Macedon, Wodonga.

Schinus molle Peppercorn 1 Hexham (1). Sorbus spp. Rowan 1 Ballarat (1). Taxodium spp. Swamp Cypress 1 Ballarat (1). Tilia spp. Lime (Linden) 1 Ballarat (1).

Ulmus spp. elm 11

Ballarat (1), Barrys Reef, Chewton, Cudgewa, Digby, Drummond, Modewarre, Smythesdale (2), Tylden, Wabba, Wooreen.

Ulmus americana Canadian elm 1 Grenville. Ulmus glabra Wych elm 2 Learmonth, Skipton.

Ulmus x hollandica Dutch elm 7 Bacchus Marsh, Creswick, Eurack, Kingston, Learmonth, Newstead, Traralgon.

Ulmus x hollandica 'Purpurescens' Purple leaf elm 2 Learmonth, Wallan.

Ulmus procera English elm 13

Beaufort, Buln Buln, Horsham (2), Kardella, Keiwa, Koorooman, Learmonth, Leongatha, Linton, Moonambel, Skipton, Traralgon, Welshpool.

Unknown Unknown 156 See Table 5.26 Washingtonia filifera Cotton palm 1 Epsom.

142

5.7 Western Australia

27 memorial avenues have been identified in Western Australia. Of these, 10 (37%) were



Good location information is available for most avenues. Further investigation is needed

in 7 (26%) cases to identify exact street location of avenue. An unusually large number

of avenues (44%) are located in parks and reserves such as the Fremantle avenue

around the Monument Hill Memorial Reserve.

The most common avenue form is a double row of trees although several single rows

exist and one triple row of trees at Albany (2). The exact avenue form is unknown for 10

(37%) avenues. Avenues range in size from just over ten to several hundred trees, the

largest being the Kings Park avenue with over one thousand trees. More commonly

avenues number less than 200 trees. Original tree numbers are unknown for 12 (44%)

avenues and it is unclear how many trees remain in 13 (48%) cases.

At least 20 different species of tree have been used in Western Australian avenues. The

most commonly used species is the Norfolk Island Pine (Araucaria heterophylla). At least

6 (22%) avenues used more than one species of tree. The Carnarvon avenue is the only

known example of Foxtail Palm (Wodyetia bifurcata) use in a memorial avenue. The only

known Bottlebrush (Callistemon spp.) avenue is at Rockingham (3) and 3 other species,

Marri (Corymbia calophylla), Swamp Mahogany (Eucalyptus robusta) and Evergreen Ash

(Fraxinus griffithii), appear to have only been used in WA. 8 (30%) avenues still require

species identification. At least one avenue, Kings Park, was forced to alter it’s original

species choice, Royal Oaks (Quercus robur), when the trees failed to thrive.

At least 5 (18%) avenues have had to replace some of their original trees. In two cases,

Albany and Bicton, the current avenues contains no original trees.

Only 6 (22%) avenues are specifically signposted although other markers such as

obelisks and stone blocks identify some avenues. Individual tree plaques have been

relocated from their original positions in avenues like Collie and Rockingham (1). Some

avenues still have all their original plaques such as Kings Park and Carnarvon but others

have lost their plaques over time such as Boyanup.

143


Avenue planting dates are very spread out in Western Australia with avenues planted

sporadically since around 1919. An unusually large number of avenues have been

planted within the last 3 decades such as at Woodvale and Bayswater. Only 6 (22%)

avenues are known to have been planted between 1915 and 1929 which in other states

was the peak time of avenue establishment. Another 8 (30%) have been planted since

1990. This is the largest percentage of all avenues planted of any state.

6 (22%) avenues were established to commemorate WW1 and 3 (11%) for WW2. 5

(19%) avenues commemorate both world wars and several others include further

conflicts. One unusual dedication is the memorial for the bombing of Hiroshima and the

ending of WW2 at Spearwood. 5 (19%) avenues are known to specifically commemorate

fallen soldiers from the district and at least one, Gosnells, commemorates all those from

the area who served.

Many avenues have at least local recognition of their significance. This is usually in the

form of heritage inventories maintained by local councils.

6 (22%) avenues are known to be complete, 1 (4%) has been destroyed and 3 (11%)

have been expanded from their original planting. The current status of 17 (%) avenues is

unknown.

Some historical details are known for most avenues although in at least 11 (41%) cases

further research is needed. The history of the avenue at Kings Park is very well

documented (see case study in Chapter 2). At least 6 (22%) are used during the year for

commemorative activities.


cannot be confirmed if these branches are still active. No community groups are known

to be currently associated with Western Australian avenues. Further local investigation is

needed to identify any other references and to fill the remaining gaps in the following

tables.

144

TABLE 5.18: WA MEMORIAL AVENUES – LOCATION, TREE DETAILS, SIGNS AND PLAQUES


Albany (1) Middleton Rd Mt Clarence Double row of

trees. 111 0

After planting some trees replaced with plane trees. Avenue destroyed by 1955.

Red Flowering gums (Corymbia ficifolia)

Albany (2) Apex Dr Mt Clarence Relocation of Albany (1).

One double and one triple row of trees. Tree guards. Avenue complete.

180 182

Replacement avenue for Albany (1). Since then 4 trees have been replaced and 2 more added.

Swamp Mahogany (Eucalyptus robusta)

Sign marks avenue.

Name plaques in front of trees.

Armadale Armadale

Soldiers Memorial Park leading to park centre.

Liquidambar (Liquidambar styraciflua), Evergreen ash (Fraxinus griffithii)

Balingup Brockman St Balingup

Western end of street on crown reserve, avenue leads to Birdwood Park.

Single row of trees. ≈12 Some trees are

missing. oak (Quercus spp.) Most plaques are missing.

Banjup Armadale Rd Banjup Banjup Memorial Park.

Double row of trees. Entire group of trees surrounded by white railing fence.

14 14 2 trees have been replaced. gum (Eucalyptus spp.) Sign marks

avenue.

Single plaque names all commemorated soldiers.

Bayswater King William St Bayswater

Located in Riverside Gardens.

Single row of trees. 250 238 Some trees dying or

dead.

Liquidambar (Liquidambar styraciflua)

Sign marks avenue.


Bicton Honour Ave Bicton Point Walter Golf Course. 25

Original trees were replaced after roadworks in the 1980s.

Names of soldiers honoured are listed on a Memorial Obelisk in the Memorial Park.

All trees originally had plaques giving a soldiers name, rank, number and date of death. All lost.

145


Boyanup Bridge St Boyanup South side of street. oak (Quercus spp.) Trees originally

had plaques.

Carnarvon HMAS Sydney Memorial Dr

Carnarvon

Between North West Hwy and Carnarvon Rd.

Single row of trees. Tree guards. Avenue complete.

245 645

Trees are protected by the RSL. There are moves to restore the avenue.

Foxtail Palm (Wodyetia bifurcata), Canary Island Date Palm (Phoenix canariensis).

Small posts with a-z listings assist in finding individual plaques.

All trees have plaques.

Collie Collie Soldier's Park. 99 Very few trees

remain.

Camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora)

Metal plaques now located in Memorial Rose Garden.

Fremantle

High, Swanbourne and Knutsford St

Fremantle Monument Hill Memorial Reserve

Single row of trees around park and small double row along internal roadway.

Canary Island Date Palm (Phoenix canariensis)

Some plaques remain. May not all match up with existing trees.

Gnowangerup

corner Yongenup Rd and Kwobrup Rd

Gnowangerup Point Walter Golf Course.


60+ No plaques remain.

Gosnells Lissiman St Gosnells

Along driveway of Amaroo Village McMahom Caring Centre.

Double row of trees. London Plane (Platanus

x acerifolia)

Memorial plaque at the base of each tree naming a soldier.

Kalamunda

Headineay Rd, Strik Rd and Kalamunda Rd

Kalamunda Strik Park. Double row of trees. 30 30 at least 6 different

species. All trees have plaques.

146


Kings Park, Perth

May Dr and Lovekin Dr West Perth

Kings Park and Botanic Garden.


The initial planting was Royal Oaks (Quercus robur). These failed to thrive and have all been replaced. Later plantings were of various native species.

English oak (Quercus robur), London Plane (Platanus x acerifolia), Bangalay (Eucalyptus botroides), Marri (Eucalyptus calophylla), Sugar gums (Eucalyptus cladocaylx), and other species.

Signs mark avenue.

All plaques well maintained and replaced when needed.

Melville Melville pines (Pinus spp. or Araucaria spp.)

Mingenew Mingenew

Leading to the Mingenew Sports Ground.

Mosman Park Palmerston St Mosman Park

Mosman Park Memorial Park.


Nyabing Nyabing Tree Guards Cypress (Cupressus spp.)

A granite and marble block names fallen soldiers.

Point Walter Point Walter

Rockingham (1)

Rockingham Rd and Governor Rd

Rockingham

Double row of trees. Tree Guards. Avenue complete.

12 12 Trees covered by Rockingham Tree Management Policy.


Signs mark avenue.

Individual plaques have been set in the middle of the avenue, guarded by the trees.

Rockingham (2)

Endevour Dr and Warnbro Sound Ave

Port Kennedy Double row of trees. Avenue complete.

50 50 Trees covered by Rockingham Tree Management Policy.


Signs mark avenue.

No plaques remain.

Rockingham (3)

Memorial Dr and Ferrier Dr

Point Peron Double row of trees. 22

Trees covered by Rockingham Tree Management Policy. Some damage to trees caused by vehicles.

Norfolk Island Pine (Araucaria heterophylla), Bottlebrush (Callistemon spp.)


147


Rockingham (4)

corner Kent St, Flinders Ln and Pattersons Rd

Rockingham

Formally known as Rockingham Oval Reserve.


180 ≈180 Trees covered by Rockingham Tree Management Policy.

10% Norfolk Island Pine (Araucaria heterophylla), 80% London Plane (Platanus x acerifolia), 5% Flame tree (Brachychiton acerfolius), 5% other.

No plaques remain.

Spearwood Spearwood Ave West Spearwood Peace Park. Double row of

trees. Sign marks Peace Park.

Woodvale Castlegate Rd Woodvale

Yellagonga Regional Park.

Wooroloo Wooroloo OP – Original planting, number of trees. AP – At present, number of trees.

148

TABLE 5.19: WA MEMORIAL AVENUES – COMMEMORATION, HISTORICAL DETAILS, ASSOCIATIONS AND REFERENCES



References

Albany (1) 1921 WW1 and WW2

For fallen soldiers from district. Destroyed City of Albany Albany RSL Richards 2003.

Dargavel 1999.

Albany (2) 22/07/ 1956

WW1, WW2, Korea and Vietnam.


Local Recognition. Expanded

The avenue was planted by Apex volunteers and the Albany RSL. Dedications were conducted in alphabetical order except the first tree which was dedicated to Nurse Saw, the only Albany woman to die in the war.

City of Albany Albany RSL

Website - Southwell-Keeley, War Memorials in Australia 2007. City of Albany - Survey Response.

Armadale 1921 City of Armadale

Personal Email - Glen Williams, 11/02/2004. Dargavel 1999.

Balingup 20/08/ 1932 WW1 For fallen soldiers

from district. Local Recognition.

Avenue was planted by the local RSL. General Birdwood, Commander-in-chief of Australian Military Forces, opened the memorial and planted the first tree.

Shire of Donnybrook-Balingup

Balingup RSL

Mail (Perth) 1/09/1952. Shire of Donnybrook-Balingup - Survey Response.

Banjup 1920s WW1

Local Recognition - City of Cockburn Municipal Heritage Inventory.

Complete City of Cockburn Cockburn RSL Cockburn, City of,

2004.

Bayswater 1997 Complete The avenue was planted by local council.

City of Bayswater

Eastern Region RSL

City of Bayswater - Survey Response.

Bicton WW1 and WW2 City of Melville


Boyanup after WW1 WW1 For fallen soldiers

from district. Shire of Capel Personal Email - Michelle Plume, 29/07/2008.

149



References

Carnarvon 18/11/ 2001 WW2

Gascogne RSL and Carnarvon Naval Assoc.

Expanded The avenue was planted by the local community in conjunction with the local RSL.

Shire of Carnarvon

Gascogne RSL, Carnarvon Naval Sub-group.

Shire of Carnarvon - Survey Response.

Collie May 1921

The order of dedication was decided by ballot. The trees were to be cared for by relatives of soldiers. Members of the local Boys Scout Troup agreed to care for trees when the relatives of those commemorated lived away from town.

Shire of Collie Richards 2003. Dargavel 1999.

Fremantle 1931 WW1 At least 1 tree was planted by Field Marshal Sir William Birdwood.

City of Fremantle City of Fremantle

1994.

Gnowangerup 1930s The avenue was planted by the local RSL and the trees are used in ANZAC Day ceremonies.

Shire of Gnowangerup

Gnowangerup RSL

Shire of Gnowangerup - Survey Response.

Gosnells Oct 1995 WW2 Locals who served.

The avenue was planted by the Amaroo Retirement Village and the Rotary Club of Kenwick.

City of Gosnells City of Gosnells -

Survey Response.

Kalamunda prior to 1988

WW1 and WW2 Local

Recognition. Complete The trees are used in the ANZAC Day March.

Shire of Kalamunda

Kalamunda RSL

Website - Southwell-Keeley, War Memorials in Australia 2007. Shire of Kalamunda - Survey Response.

Kings Park, Perth

from 1919

WW1 and WW2 Expanded

The President of the Kings Park board, Arthur Lovekin, was the driving force behind the Kings Park avenue. He suggested the avenue and supplied some of the initial funds. All the planning and work for the avenue was organised by the Kings Park board. Due to difficulties in sourcing enough trees and the failure of the oaks, various tree species were used in the avenue. See case study in Chapter 2 for more details.

Perth City Council

Kings Park Board

Website - Southwell-Keeley, War Memorials in Australia 2007. Richards 2003. Wycherley 1994. Dargavel 1999.

150



References

Melville Melville City Council Dargavel 1999.

Mingenew 1973 WW1 and WW2 Shire of

Mingenew


Mosman Park 25/08/ 1934 WW1 Town of

Mosman Park

Website - Southwell-Keeley, War Memorials in Australia 2007. Dargavel 1999.

Nyabing 14/11/ 1920 WW1 For fallen soldiers

from district.

The avenue was planted by voluntary labour and the funds for the trees and guards were raised by public subscription.

Shire of Kent Survey of War Memorials 1920-21.

Point Walter Melville City Council Richards 2003.

Rockingham (1) 1994 Other All wars that Naval

ships fought in. Local Recognition. Complete

The local council and the Naval Association planted the trees. The avenue is used for ANZAC Day and Remembrance Day ceremonies as well as various Naval anniversaries.

City of Rockingham

Rockingham RSL, Naval Association.

City of Rockingham - Survey Response.

Rockingham (2) 1998

WW1, WW2, Korea and Vietnam.

Local Recognition. Complete

The trees were planted by the local council in conjunction with the RSL. The avenue is used on ANZAC Day and Remembrance Day.

City of Rockingham

Port Kennedy RSL


Rockingham (3) 2000 All Wars Local

Recognition.

The trees were planted by the local council in conjunction with the RSL. The avenue is used on ANZAC Day and Remembrance Day.

City of Rockingham

Rockingham RSL.


151



References

Rockingham (4) 2006 Several

conflicts.

Boer War, WW1, WW2, Korea, Vietnam, Olina Bower Rebellion, South Africa, Sudan 1885, Iraq 2003, Afghanistan 2001-2, East Timor, Somalia and the Unknown Soldier.

Local Recognition. Complete

The trees were planted by Landcorp Developers on behalf of council. The trees are used in ANZAC Day and Remembrance Day ceremonies as well as during various local festivals.

City of Rockingham

Rockingham RSL.


Spearwood 1/07/ 1986

WW2 - Hiroshima

Commemorates the bombing of Hiroshima and the ending of the war.

Local Recognition - City of Cockburn Municipal Heritage Inventory.

The avenue was planted by a representative from the Japanese Consulate and the City of Cockburn to mark Hiroshima Day.

City of Cockburn Cockburn, City of,

2004.

Woodvale June 1995 WW2 City of

Joondalup


Wooroloo Shire of Mundaring Richards 2003.

152

TABLE 5.20: WA MEMORIAL AVENUES – TREE SPECIES USED

Species Common Name No. Avenue Locations

Araucaria heterophylla Norfolk Island Pine 5

Mosman Park, Rockingham (1), Rockingham (2), Rockingham (3), Rockingham (4).

Brachychiton acerfolius Flame tree 1 Rockingham (4). Callistemon spp. Bottlebrush 1 Rockingham (3). Cinnamomum camphora Camphor laurel 1 Collie. Corymbia calophylla Marri 1 Kings Park. Corymbia ficifolia Red Flowering gums 1 Albany (1). Cupressus spp. Cypress 1 Nyabing. Eucalyptus spp. gum 1 Banjup. Eucalyptus botroides Bangalay 1 Kings Park. Eucalyptus cladocaylx Sugar gums 1 Kings Park. Eucalyptus robusta Swamp Mahogany 1 Albany (2).

Fraxinus griffithii Evergreen ash 1 Armadale. Liquidambar styraciflua Liquidambar 2 Armadale, Bayswater. Quercus spp. oak 2 Balingup, Boyanup. Quercus robur English oak 1 Kings Park. Phoenix canariensis Canary Island Date Palm 2 Carnarvon, Fremantle. Pinus spp. pines 1 Melville.

Platanus x acerifolia London Plane 3 Gosnells, Kings Park, Rockingham (4). Unknown 8 See table 5.26 Wodyetia bifurcata Foxtail Palm 1 Carnarvon.

153

5.8 Statistics

A total of 567 avenues have been recorded in this study. 2 in the ACT, 67 in NSW, 52 in

Qld, 38 in SA, 69 in Tas, 312 in Vic and 27 in WA. Over half of Australia’s avenues of

honour are in Victoria. While it is clear that Victoria planted many more avenues than

most other states it is less clear why Tasmania has so many avenues recorded. This may

represent a difference in the amount of research conducted on avenues in Tasmania than

a real difference in the amount of plantings compared with mainland states. A large

amount of research has been conducted in Tasmania in the last few years and many

avenues identified (Howard 2005, Howard 2007, Friends of the Soldiers Memorial Walk

2007). Thorough local investigations in other states and territories may well identify

many new avenues.

5.8.1 Current Features

TABLE 5.21: ORIGINAL AVENUE FEATURES.

State Features of the original avenue planting

Single row of trees Double row of trees Tree guards Signs Tree plaques

ACT 1 (50.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (50.0%) 1 (50.0%) NSW 16 (23.9%) 19 (28.4%) 12 (17.9%) 11 (16.4%) 25 (37.3%) Qld 6 (11.5%) 12 (23.1%) 5 (9.6%) 8 (15.4%) 24 (46.2%) SA 7 (18.4%) 13 (34.2%) 2 (5.3%) 5 (13.2%) 8 (21.1%) Tas 5 (7.2%) 9 (13.0%) 18 (26.1%) 6 (8.7%) 20 (29.0%) Vic 20 (6.4%) 64 (20.5%) 29 (9.3%) 53 (17.0%) 93 (29.8%) WA 4 (14.8%) 11 (40.7%) 3 (11.1%) 9 (33.3%) 16 (59.3%)

For many avenues the original features are unknown. From the available data it can be

seen that single rows of trees occur quite commonly although the more standard double

row (commonly with a road between the rows) is more usual. In rare cases the original

planting was a triple or even quadruple row of trees although this was more frequently

found in later plantings when avenues were extended or restored.

Tree guards were often used to protect newly planted trees and were largely removed

when the trees matured. These structures were often constructed by volunteer labour

from the local community. It is more difficult to calculate the prevalence of signs. Many

signs that are currently in place may have been added at a later date than the original

avenue planting. In some cases the avenue may not have been signposted originally as

the entire community already new it was there and each tree was marked with a plaque.

It is clear that less than a third of all avenues are currently signposted.

Individual tree plaques were a common feature and more avenues than shown in the

above table may well have originally had plaques. In some cases all plaques may have

been lost over time and records do not exist to clarify if they ever existed or not.

154

TABLE 5.22: INDIVIDUAL TREE PLAQUES.

State

Total no. of Number of plaques remaining

Avenues

Avenues with

plaques originally None 1-50% 50-99% All Unknown

ACT 2 1 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (100%) 0 (0.0%) NSW 67 25 18 (72.0%) 1 (4.0%) 2 (8.0%) 2 (8.0%) 2 (8.0%)

Qld 52 24 13 (54.2%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (4.2%) 2 (8.3%) 8 (33.3%) SA 38 8 2 (25.0%) 1 (12.5%) 1 (12.5%) 2 (25.0%) 2 (25.0%) Tas 69 20 10 (50.0%) 2 (10.0%) 0 (0.0%) 2 (10.0%) 6 (30.0%) Vic 312 93 44 (47.3%) 3 (3.2%) 6 (6.5%) 12 (12.9%) 28 (30.1%) WA 27 16 4 (25.0%) 2 (12.5%) 2 (12.5%) 3 (18.8%) 4 (25.0%)

From the avenues that we know had plaques originally it is clear that the loss of plaques

over time is a significant problem. In all states (excluding the ACT) at least 25% have no

plaques remaining in place and if the cases where an unknown number of plaques remain

the situation is even more dire.

FIG 5.4: LOSS OF INDIVIDUAL TREE PLAQUES IN AVENUES.

Number of individual tree plaques remaining in avenues

66%

7%

9%

18%

None

1-50%

50-99%

All

Where figures are available well over half of the avenues have lost all of their memorial

tree plaques. A small number are missing some tree plaques and only 18% have all

plaques in place. Some of these have only recently been restored with all plaques and

some other avenues have replacement plaques planned for the near future.

Vandalism and theft of tree plaques is a commonly reported problem as well as natural

wear and tear which degrades and destroys the plaques over time.

155

5.8.2 Number of Trees

It is difficult to determine the exact number of avenue trees planted as this information

has not yet been located for many avenues.

TABLE 5.23: AVAILABLE NUMBERS OF AVENUE TREES IN AUSTRALIA.

State

Total number of avenue trees Average number of trees per avenue At planting - more than

Now – more than At planting Now

ACT 17 16 17 16

NSW 4828 3763 119 108 Qld 862 801 54 45 SA 880 778 65 60 Tas 2382 614 69 32 Vic 17620 11095 138 97

WA 1694 2576 133 198 Note: These numbers do not represent all avenues listed. They are based on all avenues where tree numbers are available (See preceding tables). For the purpose of this table any tree numbers listed as approximate where taken to be the exact value and where ranges where given the lowest number was used.

Given the number of avenues not represented by these figures they are not an accurate

indicator of which states have more avenue trees than others. The number of avenues

located for each state would be a more useful guide (see above). However it is clear that

in most states the number of avenue trees has decreased over the years from the

numbers originally planted. The only exception to this is Western Australia. The increase

in avenue trees in that state can be attributed to the expansion of the Kings Park avenue

from the original planting of 404 trees to 1131 at present, and the expansion at

Carnarvon.

The average number of tree per avenue has decreased in all state except Western

Australia (again the King Park and Carnarvon avenues produce an increase). It is difficult

to judge how significant these decreases are but it can be assumed that we are losing

avenue trees faster than we are replacing them.

TABLE 5.24: NUMBER OF TREES REMAINING FROM ORIGINAL AVENUE PLANTINGS.

State

Number of trees remaining in avenues

0-10% 11-49% 50-89% 90-100% More than original planting

ACT 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (100%) 0 (0.0%) NSW 5 (19.9%) 5 (19.9%) 3 (10.7%) 13 (46.4%) 2 (7.1%)

Qld 0 (0.0%) 1 (8.3%) 3 (25.0%) 6 (50.0%) 2 (16.7%) SA 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (12.5%) 7 (87.5%) 0 (0.0%) Tas 9 (56.3%) 2 (12.5%) 2 (12.5%) 3 (18.8%) 0 (0.0%) Vic 33 (32.4%) 18 (17.6%) 12 (11.8%) 34 (33.3%) 5 (4.9%) WA 1 (10.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 6 (60.0%) 3 (30.0%)

Note: Avenues described as having ‘few’ trees left were categorised as 11-49% of the original avenue number. Avenues with 2 or less trees remaining but no indication of how many there were originally were catagorised as 0-10% of the original avenue number. Avenues described as having ‘most’ trees left were categorised as 50-89% of the original avenue number.

156

The number of trees remaining from what was originally planted is only known for 50%

or less of each states avenues (ACT 50%, NSW 58%, Qld 77%, SA 79%, Tas 77%, Vic

67%, WA 63%).

The ACT, NSW, Qld, SA and WA all had most avenues reporting 90% or more trees still

present in the avenue compared to the number originally planted (in those cases where

original and current numbers are available). Tasmania showed the greatest losses with

over half (56.3%) of avenues having less than 10% of the original number of trees

remaining. Victoria also showed significant losses with 32.4% of avenues recording less

than 10% of trees remaining and a further 17.6% with less than 50% remaining.

It is important to note that a large amount of research has been conducted into Victoria’s

avenues and more recently into Tasmania’s. The larger number of depleted avenues

located in these states may be a reflection of the number of avenues that have been

investigated. It is possible that the poorer avenues in other states are not listed as they

are so degraded that their status as memorial avenues has been largely forgotten.

157

5.8.3 Tree Species

A surprisingly large number of tree species were used across Australia in memorial

avenues. 129 have so far been identified. It is also interesting to note that several

avenues used more than one tree species in their original construction as well as many

avenues using different species as replacements for the original trees.

TABLE 5.25: TREE SPECIES USED IN MEMORIAL AVENUES

Species Common Name ACT NSW Qld SA Tas Vic WA Total Acacia spp. Wattle 1 2 3 Acacia baileyana Cootamundra Wattle 1 1 Acacia melanoxylon Blackwood 1 1 Acer spp. Maple 1 1 Acer pseudoplantanus Sycamore 1 1 Acer pseudoplantanus 'Purpureum' Copper Sycamore 1 1 Acmena smithii Lillypilli 2 2 Aesculus hippocastanum Horse Chestnut 3 1 4 Allocasuarina verticulata Drooping Sheoak 1 1 Alnus spp. Alder 1 1 Araucaria bidwillii Bunya Pine 1 2 3 Araucaria cunninghamia Hoop Pine 2 2 Araucaria heterophylla Norfolk Island Pine 4 6 1 5 16 Betula spp. birch 1 1 2 Betula pendula Silver birch 2 2 Brachychiton acerfolius Flame tree 1 1 1 3 Brachychiton populous Kurrajong 3 4 7 Brachychiton rupestris Bottle tree 2 2 Butia spp. Butia palm 1 1 Callistemon spp. Bottlebrush 1 1 Casuarina spp. She-oak 1 1 Castanea satiua Spanish Chestnut 1 1 Cedrus spp. Cedar 1 1 Cedrus atlantica Atlas Cedar 1 1 2 Cedrus atlantica ‘Glauca’ Blue Atlas Cedar 1 1 Cedrus deodora Indian cedar 1 1 2 Cedrus libani Lebanon cedar 1 1 1 3 Celtis spp. Celtis 1 1 Ceratonia siliqua Carob tree 1 1 Cinnamomum camphora Camphor Laurel 6 4 1 11 Citrus sinensis Orange 1 1 Corymbia calophylla Marri 1 1 Corymbia ficifolia Red Flowering gum 1 1 13 1 16 Corymbia maculata Spotted gum 1 1 2 4 Crataegus spp. Hawthorn 1 1 Cupressus spp. Cypress 1 7 1 9 Cupressus macrocarpa Monterey Cypress 7 19 26 Cupressus macrocarpa 'Horizontalis Aurea' Lambert's Cypress 1 1 Cupressus sempervirens Italian Cypress 1 1 Cupressus semipervirens 'Stricta' Roman cypress 1 1 Cupressus torulosa Bhutan cypress 1 1 Species Common Name ACT NSW Qld SA Tas Vic WA Total Ericaceae spp. Arbutus 1 1

158

Eucalyptus spp. gum 5 1 1 15 1 23 Eucalyptus argophloia Queensland White gum 1 1 Eucalyptus botryoides Mahogany gum 6 1 7 Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red Gum 2 2 Eucalyptus citriodora Lemon Scented gum 1 1 2 4 Eucalyptus cladocalyx Sugar gum 3 1 12 1 17 Eucalyptus leucoxylon Yellow gum 2 2 Eucalyptus mannifera Brittle gum 1 1 Eucalyptus melliodora Yellow box 1 1 Eucalyptus microcarpa Grey box 1 1 Eucalyptus polyanthemos Red Box 1 1 Eucalyptus robusta Swamp Mahogany 1 1 Eucalyptus sideroxylon Red Ironbark 1 1 Eucalyptus tricarpa Red Flowering Ironbark 1 1 Ficus spp. fig 1 1 Ficus benjamina Weeping fig 4 4 Ficus macrophylla Morton Bay fig 3 3 Ficus microcarpa var. hillii Hills Weeping fig 1 1 2 Ficus obliqua Small-leaved fig 1 1 Fraxinus spp. Ash 1 1 3 5 Fraxinus excelsior 'Aurea' Golden Ash 2 2 Fraxinus griffithii Evergreen ash 1 1 Fraxinus augustifolia var. oxycarpa Desert Ash 1 1 Fraxinus augustifolia var. oxycarpa ‘Raywoodii’ Claret Ash 3 1 1 5 Grevillia robusta Silky oak 3 6 9 Harpephyllum caffrum Kaffir Plum 1 1 Jacaranda mimosifolia Jacaranda 2 2 4 Juglans regia Walnut 1 1 Koelreuteria paniculata Golden Rain Tree 1 1 Lagerstroemia spp. Crepe Myrtle 2 2 Liquidambar styraciflua Liquidamber 1 1 2 4 Lophostemon confertus Queensland Brushbox 2 1 2 5 Macadamia integrifolia Macadamia Nut trees 1 1 Mangifera spp. Mango 2 2 Melia azedarach White cedar 2 1 3 Peltophorum pterocarpum Yellow Flame tree 1 1 Phoenix spp. palm 1 1 2 Phoenix canariensis Canary Island Date Palm 1 1 2 4 Picea spp. Spruce 1 1 2 Pinus spp. pine 1 1 2 12 1 17 Pinus canariensis Canary Island pine 1 1 Pinus elliottii var. elliottii Slash pine 1 1 Pinus halepensis Aleppo pine 1 2 2 1 6 Pinus lambertiana Sugar pine 1 1 Pinus radiata Monterey pine 1 1 3 6 11 Pistacia spp. Pistachio 1 1 Pittosporum spp. Pittosporum 1 1 Platanus spp plane 2 1 2 7 12 Platanus x acerifolia London plane 3 1 6 3 13 Platanus orientalis Oriental plane 4 4 Platanus occidentalis American plane 1 1 Species Common Name ACT NSW Qld SA Tas Vic WA Total Populus spp. Poplar 1 3 4 Populus alba White poplar 1 1

159

Populus alba 'Pyramidialis' Silver poplar 1 1 Populus x canadensis 'Regenerata' Canadian poplar 1 1 Populus nigra Black poplar 1 2 3

Prunus serrulata Japanese Flowering Cherry 1 2 3

Prunus subhirtella Weeping cherry 1 1 Quercus spp. oak 4 6 2 12 Quercus canariensis Algerian oak 4 4 Quercus castaneifolia Chestnut-leaved oak 2 2 Quercus faginea Portuguese oak 3 3 Quercus ilex Holly oak 1 1 Quercus laevis Turkey oak 1 1 Quercus robur English oak 1 4 16 1 22 Quercus palustris Pin oak 1 2 8 11 Rhododendron ponticum Common rhododendron 1 1 Sambucus nigra Elderberry 1 1 Schinus aeria var. molle Peppercorn 4 1 1 6 Sorbus spp. Rowan 1 1 Syagrus romanzoffiana Cocos Palm 1 1 Syzygium paniculatum Magenta Lilly pilli 1 1 Tamarix aphylla Athol tree 1 1 Taxodium spp. Swamp Cypress 1 1 Taxodium distichum Bald Cypress 1 1 Tilia spp. Lime (Linden) 1 1 Tilia europaea Common Lime (Linden) 1 1 Ulmus spp. elm 1 11 12 Ulmus americana Canadian elm 1 1 Ulmus glabra Wych elm 2 2 Ulmus glabra 'Lutescens' Golden Wych elm 1 1 Ulmus x hollandica Dutch elm 7 7 Ulmus x hollandica 'Purpurescens' Purple leaf elm 2 2 Ulmus procera English elm 1 2 13 16 Ulmus thomasii Cork elm 1 1 Unknown Unknown 1 24 26 13 36 156 8 264 Washingtonia filifera Cotton palm 1 1 Wodyetia bifurcata Foxtail plam 1 1

Where species have been identified the most commonly used species was the Monterey

Cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa). English oak (Quercus robur) and unidentified gums

(Eucalyptus spp.) were also common. No particular species was significantly dominant in

plantings. The wide variety of trees used represents a mix of native and introduced

species but overall native trees were favoured.

160

FIG 5.5: PLANT FAMILIES USED IN MORE THAN ONE MEMORIAL AVENUE.

Families used in more than 1 avenue

5

3

21

4

12

9

20

39

64

11

14

2

2

6

2

37

30

10

4

56

2

2

42

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Acacia spp.

Acer spp.

Araucaria spp.

Betula spp.

Brachychiton spp.

Cedrus spp.

Corymbia spp.

Cupressus spp.

Eucalyptus spp.

Ficus spp.

Fraxinus spp.

Lagerstroemia spp.

Mangifera spp.

Phoenix spp.

Picea spp.

Pinus spp.

Platanus spp

Populus spp.

Prunus spp.

Quercus spp.

Taxodium spp.

Tilia spp.

Ulmus spp.

Various species of gum (Eucalyptus spp. and Corymbia spp.) were the most commonly

used group of species followed by the oaks (Quercus spp.) and the elms (Ulmus spp.).

Cypress (Cupressus spp.) were also frequently used.

A large number of avenues still contain unknown tree species and further investigations

may change the observed species distributions.

TABLE 5.26: AVENUES WITH UNKNOWN TREE SPECIES

Canberra (ACT) Berkeley Vale (NSW) Cudgegong (NSW) Cundletown (NSW)

Dunedoo (NSW) Fairfield (NSW) Five Dock (NSW) Forster (NSW) Gunnedah (NSW) Howlong (NSW) Jerilderie (NSW) Kelso (NSW) Kempsey (NSW) Milton (NSW)

Murrumbateman (NSW) Murrumburrah (NSW) Schofield (NSW) Shaws Creek (NSW) Stroud Road (NSW)

Tamworth (NSW)

The Rock (NSW) Tingha (NSW) Tuggerah (NSW) Uranquinty (NSW)

Wee Jasper (NSW) Beerburrum (Qld) Bowen (Qld) Caloundra (Qld) Canungra (Qld) Carmila (Qld) Cecil Plains (Qld) Coolangatta (Qld) Enoggera (Qld) Eumundi 1 (Qld)

Gin Gin (Qld) Gracemere (Qld) Gympie (Qld) Jondaryan (Qld) Kallangur (Qld)

Kawana (Qld)

Mapleton (Qld) Marian (Qld) Monto (Qld) Mount Morgan (Qld)

Pechey (Qld) Southport (Qld) Springsure (Qld) Tennyson (Qld) Toowoomba 2 (Qld) Wynnum (Qld) Yarranlea (Qld) Coromandel Valley (SA) Hawker (SA) Henley Beach South (SA)

Hindmarsh (SA) Maitland (SA) Milang (SA) Moonta (SA) Mt Barker (SA)

Pinnaroo (SA)

161

Port MacDonnell (SA) Salisbury (SA) Stockport (SA)

Stone Hut (SA) Avoca (Tas) Barnes Bay (St Peters) (Tas) Bellerive (Tas) Breadalbane (Tas)

Burnie (Tas) Clarence Point (Tas) Franklin Village (Tas) George Town (Tas) Glen Dhu (Tas) Glen Huon (Tas) Glenora (Tas) Goulds Country (Tas) Gretna (Tas)

Huonville (Tas) Irishtown (Tas) Kempton (Tas) Kingston (Tas) Launceston 2 (Tas)

Legerwood (Tas) Mangana (Tas) Melton Mowbray (Tas) Montague (Tas) Myalla (Tas)

National Park (Tas) Port Arthur/Carnarvon (Tas) Randalls Bay (Tas) Ringarooma (Tas) Ross (Tas) Scottsdale (Tas) Snug (Tas) St Nicholas (Fingal) (Tas) Stanley (Tas) Waratah (Tas)

Westbury (Tas) Woodbridge (Tas) Wynyard (Tas) Youngtown (Tas) Addington (Vic)

Amphitheatre (Vic) Anglesea (Vic) Arthurs Creek(Vic) Avoca (Vic)

Bairnsdale (Vic) Ballangeich (Vic) Ballarat 2 (Vic) Ballarat 3 (Vic) Ballarat 4 (Vic)

Ballarat 5 (Vic) Ballarat 6 (Vic) Ballarat 7 (Vic) Ballarat 8 (Vic)

Ballarat East (Vic) Bandiana (Vic) Barnawartha (Vic)

Bass (Vic) Beeac (Vic) Bentleigh (Vic) Berrys Creek (Vic) Beulah (Vic)

Bonnie Doon (Vic) Box Hill (Vic) Branxholme (Vic) Broadford (Vic) Broadmeadows (Vic) Browns Plains (Vic) Buangor (Vic) Buchan South (Vic) Bullarook (Vic)

Bundalaguah (Vic) Buninyong (Vic) Burwood (Vic) Byaduk (Vic) Cambrian Hill (Vic)

Campbells Creek (Vic) Caulfield (Vic) Cobram (Vic) Coburg (Vic) Coimadai (Vic)

Colac (Vic) Coldstream (Vic) Cressy (Vic) Croydon (Vic) Curlewis (Vic) Dean (Vic) Diggers Rest (Vic) Dimboola (Vic) Donald (Vic) Dunolly (Vic)

Eganstown (Vic) Emerald 2 (Vic) Euroa 2 (Vic) Fairfield-Alphington (Vic)

Ferny Creek (Vic) Frankston (Vic) Garibaldi (Vic) Geelong North (Vic) Gellibrand (Vic)

Glen Lyon (Vic) Goornong (Vic) Great Western (Vic) Haddon (Vic) Hamilton 1 (Vic)

Hamilton 2 (Vic) Happy Valley (Vic) Hawthorn West (Vic) Healesville (Vic)

Heidelberg (Vic) Highett (Vic) Horsham 1 (Vic)

Hurstbridge (Vic) Jeparit (Vic) Kangaroo Hills (Vic) Lilydale (Vic) Lismore (Vic)

Loch (Vic) Maffra (Vic) Mansfield (Vic) Merino (Vic) Metung (Vic) Millgrove (Vic) Mitcham (Vic) Monbulk (Vic) Moonee Ponds 2 (Vic)

Moorabbin (Vic) Moriac (Vic) Mornington (Vic) Mount Evelyn (Vic) Mumbannar (Vic)

Murrayville (Vic) Murtoa (Vic) Myrniong 1 (Vic) Myrniong 2 (Vic) Nareeb (Vic)

Newlyn (Vic) Newtown (Vic) Numurkah (Vic) Oakleigh (Vic) Officer (Vic) Orbost (Vic) Pakenham Upper (Vic) Paynesville (Vic) Pearcedale (Vic) Penshurst (Vic)

Plenty (Vic) Piggoreet (Vic) Port Fairy (Vic) Redbank (Vic)

Red Bluff (Vic) Rokewood (Vic) Rokewood Junction (Vic) Ross Creek (Vic) Rossbridge (Vic)

Rowsley (Vic) Rushworth (Vic) Sale East (Vic) Scarsdale-Newtown( Vic) Sebastopol (Vic)

Seville (Vic) Seymour (Vic) Smythesdale 1 (Vic) Springmount (Vic)

162

Staghorn Flat (Vic) Stockyard Hill (Vic) Stratford (Vic)

Swifts Creek (Vic) Talbot (Vic) Tanwood (Vic) Tarneit (Vic) Thougla (Vic)

Tintaldra (Vic) Torquay (Vic) Towong (Vic) Trawalla (Vic) Tyabb (Vic) Ullina (Vic) Violet Town (Vic) Walwa (Vic) Warrion (Vic)

Wedderburn (Vic) Werneth (Vic) Whitfield (Vic) Whittlesea 1 (Vic) Whittlesea 2 (Vic)

Willaura (Vic) Winslow (Vic) Woodend 2 (Vic) Woodend 3 (Vic) Woodhouse-Nareeb (Vic)

Woodford (Vic) Yarra Glen (Vic) Yendon (Vic) Yarrawonga 1 (Vic) Yarrawonga 2 (Vic) Bicton (WA) Gnowangerup (WA) Kalamunda (WA) Mingenew (WA) Point Walter (WA)

Spearwood (WA) Woodvale (WA) Wooroloo (WA)

163

5.8.4 When the Avenues were Planted

The planting date of 165 (29.1%) of avenues is unknown, but more than half the

avenues in each state have been dated.

TABLE 5.27: WHEN MEMORIAL AVENUES IN AUSTRALIA WERE PLANTED.

State <1920 1920 -

29 1930 -

39 1940 -

49 1950-

59 1960 -69

1970-79

1980-89

1990 -99

2000 -08

ACT 0

(0.0%) 1

(50.0%) 0

(0.0%) 1

(50.0%) 0

(0.0%) 0

(0.0%) 0

(0.0%) 0

(0.0%) 0

(0.0%) 0

(0.0%)

NSW 25

(37.3%) 19

(28.4%) 2

(3.0%) 2

(3.0%) 4

(6.0%) 1

(1.5%) 1

(1.5%) 1

(1.5%) 3

(4.5%) 2

(3.0%)

Qld 7

(13.5%) 8

(15.4%) 1

(1.9%) 2

(3.8%) 0

(0.0%) 1

(1.9%) 0

(0.0%) 2

(3.8%) 5

(9.6%) 3

(5.8%)

SA 7

(18.4%) 1

(2.6%) 3

(7.9%) 6

(15.8%) 0

(0.0%) 0

(0.0%) 0

(0.0%) 0

(0.0%) 2

(5.3%) 2

(5.3%)

Tas 22

(31.9%) 4

(5.8%) 2

(2.9%) 6

(8.7%) 4

(5.8%) 2

(2.9%) 0

(0.0%) 0

(0.0%) 0

(0.0%) 1

(1.4%)

Vic 123

(39.4%) 56

(17.9%) 6

(1.9%) 22

(7.1%) 5

(1.6%) 0

(0.0%) 2

(0.6%) 2

(0.6%) 7

(2.2%) 4

(1.3%)

WA 1

(3.7%) 5

(18.5%) 4

(14.8%) 0

(0.0%) 1

(3.7%) 0

(0.0%) 1

(3.7%) 2

(7.4%) 5

(18.5%) 3

(11.1%)

In NSW, SA, Tas and Vic the largest number of avenues were planted before 1920. Many

of these avenues were planted before the end of WW1. Planting continued into the

1920s, particularly in Qld and WA. A smaller number of avenues were established in the

1940s around the time of WW2 and several existing avenues were extended.

164

FIG 5.6: WHEN MEMORIAL AVENUES IN AUSTRALIA WERE PLANTED.

Planting dates of memorial avenues in Australia

185

94

18

39

14

4 47

2215

165

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

<1920 1920-29 1930-39 1940-49 1950-59 1960-69 1970-79 1980-89 1990-99 2000-2009 Unknown

Year

No

. o

f a

ven

ue

s

The national planting trend can clearly be seen in Figure 5.6. 32.6% of Australia’s

avenues were planted before 1920. A further 16.6% were planted in the 1920s. Only a

few avenues were planted in the 1930s before another, much smaller, planting spike in

the 1940s due to WW2. Only 6.9% of avenues were planted in the 1940s as avenues

were extended rather than established and other forms of memorial were built such as

halls and schools. Between the 1950s and 1980s very few new avenues were planted. In

more recent times there has been a small resurgence in avenue planting with 6.5% of

avenues having been planted in the past 2 decades.

5.8.5 Wars Commemorated

TABLE 5.28: WARS COMMEMORATED BY MEMORIAL AVENUES.

State Boer War WW1 WW2 Korea Vietnam Other Person Unknown

ACT 0 (0.0%) 1 (50.0%) 1 (50.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%)

NSW 2 (3.0%)

53 (79.1%) 18 (26.9%) 4 (6.0%) 4 (6.0%) 2 (3.0%) 1 (1.5%) 2 (3.0%)

Qld 1 (1.9%)

30 (57.7%) 17 (32.7%) 4 (7.7%) 6 (11.5%) 7 (13.5%) 3 (5.8%) 6 (11.5%)

SA 0 (0.0%)

14 (36.4%) 12 (31.6%) 2 (5.3%) 2 (5.3%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%)

13 (34.2%)

Tas 2 (2.9%)

59 (85.5%) 13 (18.8%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 2 (2.9%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%)

Vic 3 (1.0%)

218 (69.9%) 52 (16.7) 7 (2.2%) 15 (4.8%) 5 (1.6%) 2 (0.6%)

54 (17.3%)

WA 0 (0.0%)

15 (55.6%) 13 (48.1%) 4 (14.8%) 4 (14.8%) 4 (14.8%) 0 (0.0%) 6 (22.2%)

Note: The same avenue can commemorate several wars.

165

In all states except SA over half of the memorials avenues commemorate WW1. Fewer

represent WW2 and a scattering of other wars are represented. Several avenues are

dedicated to all conflicts or to specific individuals. 8 avenues were specifically planted for

the Boer War and 7 were planted solely for Vietnam. A number of WW1 avenues were

extended to include soldiers from WW2.

FIG 5.7: NUMBER OF AVENUES COMMEMORATING VARIOUS WARS.

Avenues representing various wars

8

390

126

2131

206

81

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

Boer War WW1 WW2 Korea Vietnam Other Person Unknown

War

No

. o

f A

ve

nu

es

Note: The same avenue can commemorate several wars.

Nationally 68.8% of avenues commemorate WW1, 22.2% commemorate WW2 and

14.3% of avenues are not yet identified with a specific conflict.

5.8.6 Who planted Australia’s Memorials

TABLE 5.29: WHO PLANTED THE MEMORIAL AVENUES.

State Community Council RSL Other Unknown ACT 1 (50.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (50.0%) NSW 29 (43.3%) 12 (17.9%) 9 (13.4%) 4 (6.0%) 24 (35.8%) Qld 14 (26.9%) 7 (13.5%) 4 (7.7%) 2 (3.8%) 32 (61.5%) SA 11 (28.9%) 10 (26.3%) 6 (15.8%) 1 (2.6%) 18 (47.4%)

Tas 38 (55.1%) 8 (11.6%) 2 (2.9%) 0 (0.0%) 30 (43.5%) Vic 90 (28.8%) 15 (4.8%) 10 (3.2%) 4 (1.3%) 208 (66.7%) WA 5 (20.8%) 5 (20.8%) 7 (29.2%) 3 (12.5%) 13 (54.2%)

The details of who planted the avenues is not known for more than half of the avenues

listed. However where such details are known it was most frequently the local community

166

that planted the trees. Various community groups such as the local patriotic league or

progress associations are often credited with the original idea but most commonly the

money and labour was volunteered by the local community.

Avenues were frequently a collaboration between the local community and the local

council or RSL. In essence all 3 groups could be considered the local community and

therefore very few avenues were established by any forces other than the local

community. There are a few avenues that were established by individuals such and the

memorial at Shepparton, Vic and some by other military organizations or institutions

such as Cowra, NSW and Macleod, Vic.

167

5.9 Other Memorial Trees

5.9.1 Remembrance Driveway

One other significant type of memorial is the Remembrance Driveway between Sydney

and Canberra.

In early 1952 the Garden Club of Australia suggested establishing a ‘Remembrance

Driveway’ between Sydney and Canberra. Later that year the Remembrance Driveway

Committee was established and by 1953 the scheme was publicly supported by the NSW

state government. In 1954 The Queen and The Duke of Edinburgh each planted a Plane

Tree (Platanus x acerifolia) at the start of the Driveway in Macquarie Place, Sydney. The

Queen also planted a Snow gum (Eucalyptus pauciflora) at the Australian War Memorial

in Canberra to mark the end of the Driveway. Public appeals for funding followed and

there were many plans for the Driveway (Correy 1997). Along the Hume Highway and

Federal Highway route many small parks were set up or planned with individual

memorials, including commemorating all Australian Victoria Cross (VC) recipients. Over

the years the Driveway encountered many problems. The sheer size of the plantings

caused logistical and funding issues (Correy 1997, Armstrong 1986). Recent restoration

attempts have improved several sections.

The Driveway and its associated sections are not defined as avenues of honour for the

purposes of this study but warrant further investigation in their own right.

5.9.2 Lone Pines and Single Trees

There are a large number of ‘Lone Pine’ (Pinus halepensis) trees planted around

Australia. These are all purportedly the progeny of a single pine tree felled at Gallipoli.

They are a very common memorial and it is unknown exactly how many have been

planted. There has been debate and controversy over the years about the exact origins

of some of the trees and the location of the first Lone Pine planted. The resolution of

these matters is beyond the scope of this study.

5.9.3 Other Memorials

A variety of other tree memorials exist. Memorial gardens are common and memorial

parks and reserves are often well vegetated and cared for. This study identified a number

of memorial groves which have been omitted from the above lists as they cannot be

categorised as avenues. Many of these have interesting histories and it is likely that

deeper investigation in to these other types of memorials would find many interesting

variations, for example the recent planting at the Milang Soldiers Memorial Gardens and

Anzac Park, SA. This project aims to plant a tree native to every country Australia has

fought a war in or been allied with (Alexandrina Council 2008).

5. a m avenues...5 5.2.2 commemoration, history and associations 2 (3%) avenues were planted for the...

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