Hardware - OS course @ Telerik Software Academy

5 Boot process

Marian MarinovCEO of 1H Ltd.mm@1h.com

Borislav VaradinovSystem Administratorbobi [ at ] itp.bg

Local boot processHDD

CD

USB

Boot loaders

Remote bootingWith local drives

Without local drives

Hardware initialization Find all storage controllers

Initialize all storage controllers

BIOS storage search Depending on the BIOS boot priority list Hard Disks

CD

USB

Floppy

Network

Identify bootable device

Search for boot loader

Copy the loader into memory

Search the first 1024 bytes

If partition table is found, search for the first PRIMARY partition marked as BOOT

Search the first 1024 bytes of the partition

Load the boot loader into memory

Set the Instruction Pointer to the beginning of the boot loader binary

LILO

GRUB/GRUB2

SYS/ISOLINUX

uBoot

PXElinux

Boot loaders

LILO Direct block offset to the kernel

The loader and its configuration is written directly in the MBR

Support for serial console

Kernel parameters prompt

Boot loaders

/etc/lilo.confimage = /boot/bzImage-3.8.2-terion root = /dev/sdb2 label = Terion-3.8.2 read-only

GRUB/GRUB2 Only the base loader data is written in the MBR, everything else is read from the device

Dynamic configuration

Shell like command prompt

Support for serial console

Support network loading of binaries

Boot loaders

GRUB

/boot/grub/menu.lsttitle CentOS (2.6.32-279.14.1.el6.x86_64) root (hd0,1) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-279.14.1.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/sda4 crashkernel=auto SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 LANG=en_US.UTF-8 KEYTABLE=us initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-279.14.1.el6.x86_64.img

Boot loaders

GRUB2

menuentry 'Fedora (3.7.6-201.fc18.i686)' --class fedora --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { load_video set gfxpayload=keep insmod gzio insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos5)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root f098d5f7-abf7-4161-966b-b265c6179abe echo 'Loading Fedora (3.7.6-201.fc18.i686)' linux /vmlinuz-3.7.6-201.fc18.i686 root=UUID=c567e7ef-eb7e-4ced-8c21-64d1075eb72e ro rd.md=0 rd.lvm=0 rd.dm=0 KEYTABLE=us quiet SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 rhgb rd.luks=0 LANG=en_US.UTF-8 echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /initramfs-3.7.6-201.fc18.i686.img}

Boot loaders

ISO/SYSLINUX Mainly used for live/install CD/USB

Static configuration

No command prompt

Boot loaders

uBoot Developed entirely for embedded devices

EVERYTHING embedded runs this

Configuration similar to SYSLINUX

Boot loaders

Optional (boot)ROM Currently implemented directly in the BIOS on almost all new hardware

With local storage

Without local storage

Network Boot

Network Boot

DHCP ServerBIOSOptional ROM

Acquire IP address

TFTP Server

Load Network boot loader

Boot loader

Kernel

Load OS Kernel

Boot process

http://academy.telerik.com/student-courses/software-technologies/os-windows-linux/

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