5 generations of computers

8/4/2019 5 Generations of Computers

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5 Generations of

Computers

Ms. Ceejay JaderMs. Ceejay JaderMs. Ceejay JaderMs. Ceejay Jader


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FIRST

GENERATION1940-1956: Vacuum Tubes

a glass tube surrounding a vacuum (an area

from which all gases have been removed).What makes it interesting is that whenelectrical contacts are put on the ends, you

can get a current to flow though that vacuum.Thomas Edison noticed this first in 1883


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ENIAC

First generation computers relied on machine language to perform operations,and they could only solve one problem at a time. Input was based on punched

cards and paper tape, and output was displayed on printouts.

UNIVAC and ENIAC computers are examples of first-generation computingdevices. The UNIVAC was the first commercial computer delivered to a business

client, the U.S. Census Bureau in 1951.

Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer


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Second Generation

Replaced vacuum tubes andushered in the secondgeneration of computers. The

transistor was invented in 1947but did not see widespread usein computers until the late 50s.

1956-1963: Transistors

The transistor was far superior to the vacuum tube, allowing computers tobecome smaller, faster, cheaper, more energy-efficient and more reliable than

their first-generation predecessors. Though the transistor still generated a greatdeal of heat that subjected the computer to damage, it was a vast improvementover the vacuum tube.

Second-generation computers still relied on punched cards for input and printoutsfor output.

Second-generation computers moved from cryptic binary machine language tosymbolic, or assembly, languages, which allowed programmers to specifyinstructions in words. High-level programming languages were also beingdeveloped at this time, such as early versions of COBOL and FORTRAN. Thesewere also the first computers that stored their instructions in their memory, which

moved from a magnetic drum to magnetic core technology.The first computers of this generation were developed for the atomic energyindustry


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Third Generation

Transistors wereminiaturized andplaced on silicon

chips, calledsemiconductors,which drasticallyincreased the speed

and efficiency ofcomputers

1964-1971: Integrated Circuits

Instead of punched cards and printouts, users interacted with third generationcomputers through keyboards and monitors and interfaced with an operating

system, which allowed the device to run many different applications at one timewith a central program that monitored the memory. Computers for the first timebecame accessible to a mass audience because they were smaller and cheaperthan their predecessors


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Fourth Generation

Microprocessor brought the fourthgeneration of computers, as thousandsof integrated circuits were built onto a

single silicon chip

1971-Present: Microprocessors

In 1981 IBM introduced its first computer for the home user, and in 1984 Appleintroduced the Macintosh. Microprocessors also moved out of the realm of

desktop computers and into many areas of life as more and more everydayproducts began to use microprocessors.

As these small computers became more powerful, they could be linked together

to form networks, which eventually led to the development of the Internet. Fourthgeneration computers also saw the development of GUIs, the mouse andhandheld devices.


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NEW Motherboards


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Check this website for the different types of CPU/Microprocessor

http://www.cpu-world.com/info/die_pictures.html


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Fifth GenerationFifth GenerationFifth GenerationFifth Generation

Based on artificial intelligence, are still indevelopment, though there are someapplications, such as voice recognition,

that are being used today.

Present and Beyond: Artificial IntelligencePresent and Beyond: Artificial IntelligencePresent and Beyond: Artificial IntelligencePresent and Beyond: Artificial Intelligence

ifth generation computing devices, based on artificial intelligence, are still indevelopment, though there are some applications, such as voice recognition, that

are being used today. The use of parallel processing and superconductors ishelping to make artificial intelligence a reality. The goal of fifth-generationcomputing is to develop devices that respond to natural language input and arecapable of learning and self-organization.


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References

www.pbs.org

www.computerhistory.org

www.computermuseum.il

5 generations of computers

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