5 Levels of Organization

5 Levels of Organization

Cells

Tissues

Organs

Organ Systems

Organism

Cells

• The cell theory says that:1- All life is made of cells.2- Cells are the smallest living unit in living things3- All cells come from other cells

Cell come in many types

• Nerve cells

Skin cells

Muscle cells

Tissue

• Cells + Cells = Tissue

• There are 4 types of tissue in your body:– Connective– Nerve– Epithelial– Muscle

Organ

• Tissue + Tissue = Organ

• Organs are what we usually think about when we think about parts of the body

Organ

• Connective tissue makes up organs like the bones, blood vessels, tendons, ligaments, etc…

• Fat tissue is a type of connective tissue

• Fat tissue burns 2-3 calories per pound per day, (compared to muscle tissues 7-10).

Organ

• Nerve Tissue Makes up organs like the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.

Organ

• Epithelial Tissue makes up organs like the skin, hair, and fingernails

Organ

• Muscle tissue makes up organs like the heart, stomach, kidneys, lungs, biceps, etc…

Organ System

• Organ + Organ = Organ System

• You have 11 organ systems in your body.

11 organ systems of the body

Organ Systems

• 1- Integumentary System• The integumentary system

is a temperature regulator, sensory system, and protects the organism. (first line of defense.)

• Skin, hair, and fingernails are some organs that make up the integumentary system.

Organ Systems• Integumentary system facts:

– Skin is the largest organ in your body.– Skin is 16% of your body weight– You completely replace your skin cells about

once per month.– About 90% of dust in your house is dead skin

cells.– Hair is the fastest growing organ in the body– Average #s of hairs:

• redheads= 80,000• Brown/black = 100,000• Blondes = 120,000

– Fingernails grow faster during the summer and on your dominant hand.

– Your skin gets rid of 20% of your bodily waste products.

– The most sweat glands on your body are in your feet, and the least are on your back.

– Women have more sweat glands than men

Organ Systems

• How would your life be different without your integumentary system?

• How long do you think you could survive?

Organ Systems

• 2- Muscular system• The muscular system

allows us to move• Biceps, triceps,

hamstring, and quadriceps, are all organs in the muscular system.

Organ Systems

• Muscular system facts:– The busiest muscles in

your muscular system are your eyes. They move more than 100,000 times per day!

– The largest muscle in your body is the gluteus maximus

– It takes 17 muscles to smile and 42 to frown.

– Muscles can’t push, they can only pull.

– Muscles can’t function without calcium.

Organ Systems

• How would your life be different without your muscular system?

• How long do you think you could survive?

Organ Systems

• 3- Skeletal system• The skeletal system

provides support and protection for vital organs.

• Bones, ligaments, and tendons are some organs that make up a skeletal system.

Organ Systems• Skeletal system facts:

– Your body has about 206 bones although you were born with over 300 bones.

– You have the same number of bones in your neck as a giraffe does!

– Bone marrow makes blood cells, but bones are alive, and would die without blood.

– The longest bone in your body is your femur. (Thigh)

– Your bones are about 60% calcium compounds.

– Over half of the bones in your entire body are in your hands and feet.

Organ Systems

• How would your life be different without your skeletal system?

• How long do you think you could survive?

Organ Systems

• 4- Nervous system• The nervous system

sends messages that control body functions

• The brain, spinal cord, and nerves are some organs in the nervous system.

Organ Systems• Nervous system facts:

– Your nervous system functions using electricity.

– Messages can travel through your neurons at speeds of 250 mph!

– The avg. # of neurons in a human brain is 100 billion. (The same as the number of stars in the Milky Way Galaxy)

– The longest neuron (nerve cell) known to man is 15 feet long (in a giraffe leg).

– If you lined up all the neurons in your body, it would stretch 600 miles!

– Your brain is 2% of your bodies weight, but uses 20% of your bodies energy.

– Paralysis happens when the brain can’t communicate with a certain part of the body.

Organ Systems

• How would your life be different without your nervous system?

• How long do you think you could survive?

Organ Systems

• 5- Endocrine System• The endocrine system

produces chemicals that control the body (ex. Hormones)

• The adrenal glands, pituitary gland (in brain) and pancreas are all organs in the endocrine system.

Organ Systems

• Endocrine system facts:– Steroids, insulin, and

adrenaline are 3 of the 30 hormones made by your body.

– It only takes a tiny bit of a hormone to cause a very large reaction

– Physical growth, hyperactivity, depression, stress, hunger and many other emotions are linked to hormone production.

Organ Systems

• How would your life be different without your endocrine system?

• How long do you think you could survive?

Organ Systems

• 6- Cardiovascular system (circulatory)

• The cardiovascular system carries food and oxygen to the cells, and carries carbon dioxide away from the cells.

• Your heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries, are organs in the cardiovascular system.

Organ Systems• Cardiovascular system facts:

– The heart beats about 3,000,000,000 times during an average lifetime, and pumps enough blood in one day to fill the tank of a fire engine.

– It takes 20 seconds for blood to make a complete trip through your circulatory system.

– You have more than 60,000 miles of blood vessels and arteries in your body. (you could wrap them around the world twice.

– You have about 5 million red blood cells, 10,000 white blood cells, and 250,000 platelets in 1 drop of blood.

– Arteries take blood away from the heart, and veins return it to the heart.

– Moving helps return blood to your heart

– You do NOT have blue blood! The Bloodmobile song

Organ Systems

• How would your life be different without your cardiovascular system?

• How long do you think you could survive?

Organ Systems

• 7- Lymphatic system(Immune system)

• The lymphatic system returns leaked fluids to blood vessels, and helps fight off germs.

• Lymph nodes, lymph vessels, thymus, spleen, and tonsils are all organs in the lymphatic system.

Organ Systems• Lymphatic system facts:

– Your lymph system releases white blood cells to fight off infection.

– Your lymph nodes swell up when the fill up with white blood cells (when you are sick)

– Your spleen helps break down and recycle RBCs.

– Your lymph system returns about ½ cup of lymph fluid to the heart per hour.

– Domestic birds don’t have lymph nodes.

– Most of your lymph nodes are in your armpits, neck, and groin.

Organ Systems

• How would your life be different without your lymph system?

• How long do you think you could survive?

Organ Systems

• 8- Respiratory system• The respiratory system

exchanges oxygen for carbon dioxide. (O2 in and CO2 out).

• Lungs, Bronchi, trachea, and diaphragm are all organs in the respiratory system.

Organ Systems• Respiratory system facts:

– You breathe in 21% oxygen and .4% Carbon dioxide, you breathe out 16% oxygen and 4% carbon dioxide.

– You have the same surface area on you lungs as a tennis court.

– You breathe out about ½ of a liter of water per day.

– Your right lung is slightly larger than your left.

– Every day you breath in about 88 pounds of air.

– Your respiratory system gets rid of 70% of your bodily waste products

– IPod activity

Organ Systems

• How would your life be different without your respiratory system?

• How long do you think you could survive?

Organ Systems

• 9- Digestive System• The digestive system

breaks food down into nutrients that can be absorbed by the body.

• The mouth, liver, stomach, and intestines are some of the organs in the digestive system.

Organ Systems• Digestive system facts:

– The average stomach can hold about 1.5 liters of food.

– Your intestines are lined with tiny projections called villi. They increase the surface area of your intestines so you can absorb as much as possible.

– Your intestines are about 15 meters long!

– Food stays in your stomach for 2-4 hours.

– Your digestive system gets rid of 3% of your bodily waste products

– Towel observation

Organ Systems

• How would your life be different without your digestive system?

• How long do you think you could survive?

Organ Systems

• 10- Urinary System• The urinary system

removes waste from the blood and regulates body fluids.

• Kidneys, ureters, and the bladder are all organs in the urinary system.

Organ Systems

• Urinary system facts:– Your bladder can hold

about 400 ml of urine.– The blood in your body

passes through each kidney 400 times per day.

– The kidneys use osmosis to control the amount of water in the blood.

– Caffeine and alcohol are diuretics, which means that they suppress the part of your brain that tells your body that you need to retain water. (increases urination - dehydration)

– Your urinary system gets rid of 7% of your bodily waste products.

Organ Systems

• How would your life be different without your urinary system?

• How long do you think you could survive?

Organ Systems

• 11- Reproductive system

• The reproductive system enables the organism to produce offspring

• Ovaries and uterus in a female and testes in a male are organs in the reproductive system.

Organ Systems

• Reproductive system facts:– The largest cell in the human

female body is the egg in the ovaries.

– An adult male makes about 500 million sperm per day. A female is born with about 600,000 immature eggs.

– A female body is capable of giving birth to 35 children in her lifetime.

– Twins form when one fertilized egg splits into two parts (identical), or when two sperm fertilize 2 eggs at the same time (non-identical).

Organ Systems

• Which organ system do you think is most important?

• Which organ systems couldn’t function without other organ systems?

Quiz time!

• Which level of organization do each of the following pictures belong to?

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