5 levels of organization pages 524-525. 5 levels of organization cells tissues organs organ systems...
TRANSCRIPT
5 Levels of Organization
Pages 524-525
5 Levels of Organization
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ Systems
Organism
Cells
• Cells are the smallest level of organization in living things.
Tissue
• Cells + Cells = Tissue
• There are 4 types of tissue in your body:– Connective (bone, blood)– Nerve– Epithelial (skin, linings)– Muscle
Organ
• Tissue + Tissue = Organ
• Organs are what we usually think about when we think about parts of the body
Organ
• Connective tissue makes up organs like the bones, blood vessels, tendons, ligaments, etc…
Organ
• Nerve Tissue Makes up organs like the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
Organ
• Epithelial Tissue makes up organs like the skin, hair, and fingernails
Organ
• Muscle tissue makes up organs like the heart, stomach, kidneys, lungs, biceps, etc…
Organ System
• Organ + Organ = Organ System
• You have 11 organ systems in your body.
11 organ systems of the body
Organ Systems
• 1- Integumentary System• The integumentary system
is a temperature regulator, sensory system, and protects the organism. (first line of defense.)
• Skin, hair, and fingernails are some organs that make up the integumentary system.
Organ Systems• Integumentary system facts:
– Skin is the largest organ in your body.
– Skin is 16% of your body weight
– You completely replace your skin cells about once per month.
– About 90% of dust in your house is dead skin cells.
– Hair is the fastest growing organ in the body
– Average #s of hairs:• redheads= 80,000• Brown/black = 100,000• Blondes = 120,000
– Fingernails grow faster during the summer and on your dominant hand.
Organ Systems
• How would your life be different without your integumentary system?
• How long do you think you could survive?
Organ Systems
• 2- Muscular system• The muscular system
allows us to move• Biceps, triceps,
hamstring, and quadriceps, are all organs in the muscular system.
Organ Systems
• Muscular system facts:– The busiest muscles in
your muscular system are your eyes. They move more than 100,000 times per day!
– The largest muscle in your body is the gluteus maximus
– It takes 17 muscles to smile and 42 to frown.
– Muscles can’t push, they can only pull.
– Muscles can’t function without calcium.
Organ Systems
• How would your life be different without your muscular system?
• How long do you think you could survive?
Organ Systems
• 3- Skeletal system• The skeletal system
provides support and protection for vital organs.
• Bones, ligaments, and tendons are some organs that make up a skeletal system.
Organ Systems• Skeletal system facts:
– Your body has about 206 bones although you were born with over 300 bones.
– You have the same number of bones in your neck as a giraffe does!
– Bone marrow makes blood cells, but bones are alive, and would die without blood.
– The longest bone in your body is your femur. (Thigh)
– Your bones are about 60% calcium compounds.
– Over half of the bones in your entire body are in your hands and feet.
Organ Systems
• How would your life be different without your skeletal system?
• How long do you think you could survive?
Organ Systems
• 4- Nervous system• The nervous system
sends messages that control body functions
• The brain, spinal cord, and nerves are some organs in the nervous system.
Organ Systems
• Nervous system facts:– Your nervous system
functions using electricity.– Messages can travel
through your neurons at speeds of 250 mph!
– The avg. # of neurons in a human brain is 100 billion.
– The longest neuron (nerve cell) known to man is 15 feet long (in a giraffe leg).
– If you lined up all the neurons in your body, it would stretch 600 miles!
– An adult human brain weighs about 3 pounds.
Organ Systems
• How would your life be different without your nervous system?
• How long do you think you could survive?
Organ Systems
• 5- Endocrine System• The endocrine system
produces chemicals that control the body (ex. Hormones)
• The adrenal glands, pituitary gland (in brain), thyroid, and pancreas are all organs in the endocrine system.
Organ Systems
• Endocrine system facts:– Steroids, insulin, and
adrenaline are 3 of the 30 hormones made by your body.
– It only takes a tiny bit of a hormone to cause a very large reaction
– Physical growth, hyperactivity, depression, stress, hunger and many other emotions are linked to hormone production.
Organ Systems
• How would your life be different without your endocrine system?
• How long do you think you could survive?
Organ Systems
• 6- Cardiovascular system (circulatory)
• The cardiovascular system carries food and oxygen to the cells, and carries carbon dioxide away from the cells.
• Your heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries, are organs in the cardiovascular system.
Organ Systems• Cardiovascular system facts:
– The heart beats about 3,000,000,000 times during an average lifetime.
– You have thousands of miles of blood vessels and arteries in your body. (you could wrap them around the world twice.
– You have about 5 million red blood cells, 10,000 white blood cells, and 250,000 platelets in 1 drop of blood.
– Arteries take blood away from the heart, and veins return it to the heart.
– Moving helps return blood to your heart
– You do NOT have blue blood!
Organ Systems
• How would your life be different without your cardiovascular system?
• How long do you think you could survive?
Organ Systems
• 7- Lymphatic system(Immune system)
• The lymphatic system returns leaked fluids to blood vessels, and helps fight off germs.
• Lymph nodes, lymph vessels, thymus, spleen, and tonsils are all organs in the lymphatic system.
Organ Systems• Lymphatic system facts:
– Your lymph system releases white blood cells to fight off infection.
– Your lymph nodes swell up when the fill up with white blood cells (when you are sick)
– Your spleen helps break down and recycle RBCs.
– Your lymph system returns about ½ cup of lymph fluid to the heart per hour.
– Domestic birds don’t have lymph nodes.
– Most of your lymph nodes are in your armpits, neck, and groin.
Organ Systems
• How would your life be different without your lymph system?
• How long do you think you could survive?
Organ Systems
• 8- Respiratory system• The respiratory system
exchanges oxygen for carbon dioxide. (O2 in and CO2 out).
• Lungs, Bronchi, trachea, and diaphragm are all organs in the respiratory system.
Organ Systems
• Respiratory system facts:– You breathe in 21%
oxygen and .4% Carbon dioxide, you breathe out 16% oxygen and 4% carbon dioxide.
– You have the same surface area on you lungs as a tennis court.
– You breathe out about ½ of a liter of water per day.
– Your right lung is slightly larger than your left.
Organ Systems
• How would your life be different without your respiratory system?
• How long do you think you could survive?
Organ Systems
• 9- Digestive System• The digestive system
breaks food down into nutrients that can be absorbed by the body.
• The mouth, liver, stomach, and intestines are some of the organs in the digestive system.
Organ Systems
• Digestive system facts:– The average stomach can
hold about 1.5 liters of food.
– Your intestines are lined with tiny projections called villi. They increase the surface area of your intestines so you can absorb as much as possible.
– Your intestines are about 15 meters long!
– Food stays in your stomach for 2-4 hours.
Organ Systems
• How would your life be different without your digestive system?
• How long do you think you could survive?
Organ Systems
• 10- Urinary System
(excretory)• The urinary system
removes waste from the blood and regulates body fluids.
• Kidneys, ureters, and the bladder are all organs in the urinary system.
Organ Systems
• Urinary system facts:– Your bladder can hold
about 400 ml of urine.– The blood in your body
passes through each kidney 400 times per day.
– The kidneys use osmosis to control the amount of water in the blood.
– Caffeine and alcohol are diuretics, which means that they suppress the part of your brain that tells your body that you need to retain water. (increases urination - dehydration)
Organ Systems
• How would your life be different without your urinary system?
• How long do you think you could survive?
Organ Systems
• 11- Reproductive system
• The reproductive system enables the organism to produce offspring
• Ovaries and uterus in a female and testes in a male are organs in the reproductive system.
Organ Systems
• Reproductive system facts:– The largest cell in the
human female body is the egg in the ovaries.
– An adult male makes about 500 million sperm per day. A female is born with about 600,000 immature eggs.
– A female body is capable of giving birth to 35 children in her lifetime.
Organ Systems
• Which organ system do you think is most important?
• Which organ systems couldn’t function without other organ systems?
Quiz time!
• Which level of organization do each of the following pictures belong to?
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