By

V.

Aishwarya

08521A1230

IVth IT

5 Pen PC

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this technical presentation work entitled “5 PEN PC” done at VITAM

college of Engineering, Anandpuram, Visakhapatnam(2008-2012) for B.Tech is of my own

and it has not previously formed the basis for any degree as the title submitted to any

university.

By

V.AISHWARYA

(08521A1230)

A Technical Seminar Report

5 PEN PC

A Technical seminar presentation Report submitted in partial fulfillment of

the requirements for the award of the

degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

IN

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGYSubmitted byV.AISHWARYA(08521A1230)

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

VISWANADHA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

(Affiliated to JNTU KAKINADA, Approved by AICTE)

VISAKHAPATNAM

(2008-2012)

VISWANADHA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

(Affiliated to JNTU KAKINADA, Approved by AICTE)

VISAKHAPATNAM

(2008-2012)

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

This is to certify that this technical

presentation report entitled “5 PEN PC”

done by V.AISHWARYA (08521A1230)

in partial fulfillment of the

requirements for the award of degree

of Bachelor of Technology in the

Department of Information Technology

affiliated to JNTU , Kakinada is a record

of bonafied work carried out by her

under my guidance and supervision.

Head of the Department Smt. N. RENU Assoc.Prof.

ABSTRACT

The design concept uses five different pens to make a computer. One

pen is a CPU, another camera, one creates a virtual keyboard, another projects the

visual output i.e., the display and another is the communicator. All five pens can

rest in a holding block which recharges the batteries and holds the mass storage.

Each pen communicates wireless, possibly with the help of a Bluetooth.

This 'PEN SORT OF INSTRUMENT' produces both the monitor as

well as the keyboard on any flat surfaces from where you can carry out functions

you would normally do on your desktop computer. This is only an example for the

start of new technology.

INDEX

1. Computer History 1

2. Varieties of Computers 4

3. Introduction 8

4. History of 5 Pen PC 11

5. Components 13

6. Block Diagram 19

7. General Techniques of Pen Computing 20

8. Features of Pen PC 23

9. Merits and Demerits 24

10.Conclusion 25

11.Future Scope 26

12.References 27

COMPUTER HISTORY

The development of the modern day computer was the result of

advances in technologies and man's need to quantify. Calculating machines were

sold commercially before the advent of steel manufacturing technologies. Cathode

Ray Tubes (CRTs) have been around since 1885 and the US gov't first used a

computer in the 1950's.

The word ‘computer’ is an old word that has changed its meaning

several times in the last few centuries. Originating from the Latin, by the mid-17th

century it meant ‘someone who computes’. The computer remained associated

with human activity until about the middle of the 20th century when it became

applied to “a programmable electronic device that can store, retrieve, and process

data”. Today, the word computer refers to computing devices, whether or not they

are electronic, programmable, or capable of ‘storing and retrieving’ data.

Abacus-4th century BC

Charles Babbage (1791-1871)

ENIAC – 1946

1

ABACUS-4 TH CENTURY BC:

The abacus was an early aid for mathematical computations. Its

only value is that it aids the memory of the human performing the calculation. A

skilled abacus operator can work on addition and subtraction problems at the

speed of a person equipped with a hand calculator (multiplication and division are

slower). The abacus is often wrongly attributed to China. In fact, the oldest

surviving abacus was used in 300 B.C. by the Babylonians. The abacus is still in

use today, principally in the far east. A modern abacus consists of rings that slide

over rods.

CHARLES BABBAGE (1791-1871):

In recognition of the high error rate in the calculation of

mathematical tables, Babbage wanted to find a method by which they could be

calculated mechanically, removing human sources of error. He introduced the

logarithmic tables and also the general purpose computer.

2

Soon after the attempt at making the difference engine crumbled,

Babbage started designing a different, more complex machine called the

Analytical Engine. The engine is not a single physical machine but a succession of

designs. Soon after the attempt at making the difference engine crumbled,

Babbage started designing a different, more complex machine called the

Analytical Engine. The engine is not a single physical machine but a succession of

designs.

ENIAC – 1946:

ENIAC stands for Electronic Numerical Integrator And

Computer. It was the first general-purpose electronic computer which was

a Turing-complete digital computer capable of being reprogrammed to solve a full

range of computing problems. The ENIAC was a modular computer, composed of

individual panels to perform different functions. Twenty of these modules were

accumulators, which could not only add and subtract but hold a ten-

digit decimal number in memory.

3

VARIETIES OF COMPUTERS

Computers come in different varieties for different purposes,

with different capabilities and cost. Computers can be classified based on their

technology, function and performance, physical size and cost.

Super Computers

Mainframes

Workstations

Micro Computers

Micro Controllers

Miniature Computers

SUPER COMPUTERS:

Supercomputers are the most powerful, fastest and most

expensive special purpose computers. They are designed for applications

4

which require complex computing and calculations. They are used in space

technology centers, astronomical observatories, airlines, and weather

forecasting stations, military and governmental offices.

MAINFRAMES:

Mainframes are huge, very powerful computer types which

are used in large businesses, governmental offices and corporate companies.

They are ideal for centralized processing, storage and management of

enormous amounts of data.

WORKSTATIONS:

Workstation computers are the same with desktop computer in

size and design but it is built in with more powerful

processors, memory capacity and high-end graphics display than personal

computers.

5

They are used for resource intensive tasks such as engineering

computing, graphics, game development, computer aided design (AutoCAD)

and other applications which demand more computer processing power.

MICROCOMPUTERS:

The term microcomputer is generally synonymous with personal

computer (PC), or a computer that depends on a microprocessor. They are

designed to be used by individuals.

6

DESKTOP COMPUTERS:

Desktop computers are the popular computer types used in most

business computing tasks. As the name implies these types of computers are

designed to fit on or under office desk. They get power from electrical wall

outlet, they don’t run with battery.

MINIATURE COMPUTERS:

Miniature computers are small size computers – as small as credit card. These

types of computers incorporate some of the features we find on personal

computer.

7

INTRODUCTION

The below Photograph show a new concept in personal computing - a

pen-shaped miniaturized PC that users operate via a virtual monitor and keyboard

that the device projects onto any available flat surface. The message suggests that

these handy pen-sized computers may be set to replace existing PC's and laptops

in the near future.

Look closely and guess what they could

be....

Are they pens with cameras?

8

P-ISM (“Pen-style Personal Networking Gadget Package”), which is

nothing but the new discovery, which is under developing, stage by NEC

Corporation. P-ISM is a gadget package including five functions: a pen-style

cellular phone with a handwriting data input function, virtual keyboard, a very

small projector, camera scanner, and personal ID key with cashless pass function.

All five pens can rest in a holding block which recharges the batteries and holds

the mass storage. P-ISMs are connected with one another through short-range

wireless technology. The whole set is also connected to the Internet through the

cellular phone function. This personal gadget in a minimalist pen style enables the

ultimate ubiquitous computing. It is shown below

9

However, the prototype displayed at ITU Telecom World was

apparently the only sample that was built and reportedly cost $30,000. Thus, while

the prototype may have proved that such technology is feasible, it is currently

unclear when - or even if - personal computers of this type will become available

to the public. Several years on from the initial launch of the P-ISM conceptual

prototype, there seems to be little information available about future plans for

such products. Saying "goodbye" to our current laptop computers might therefore

be just a premature at this point. Pen computing refers to a computer user-

interface using a pen (or stylus) and tablet, rather than devices such as a keyboard

and a mouse Pen computing is also used to refer to the usage of mobile devices

such as wireless tablet PCs, PDAs and GPS receivers.

The term has been used to refer to the usage of any product

allowing for mobile communication. An indication of such a device is a stylus,

generally used to press upon a graphics tablet or touch screen, as opposed to using

a more traditional interface such as a keyboard, keypad, mouse or touch pad. A

revolutionary new miniature computer is being worked on in Japan that comes in

the shape of a pen that you can slip in to your pocket. It projects a monitor and

keyboard on any flat surface that you can begin using like any regular PC

computer. With its Bluetooth technology, it recognizes your key-presses and

input as per usual.

10

HISTORY OF 5 PEN PC

Pen computing (defined as a computer system employing a user-

interface using a pointing device plus handwriting recognition as the primary

means for interactive user input) predates the use of a mouse and graphical display

by at least two decades, starting with the stylator and RAND tablet systems of the

1950s and early 1960sPen Computing has very deep historical roots. The depth of

these roots can be quite surprising to people who are only familiar with current

commercial products. For example, the first patent for an electronic tablet used for

handwriting was granted in1888.The first patent for a system that recognized

handwritten characters by analyzing the handwriting motion was granted in

1915.The first publicly-demonstrated system using a tablet and handwriting text

recognition instead of a keyboard for working with a modern digital computer

dates to 1956.

However, although a conceptual prototype of the "pen" computer

was built in 2003, such devices are not yet available to consumers. The prototype

device, dubbed the "P-ISM", was a "Pen-style Personal Networking Gadget"

created in 2003 by Japanese technology company NEC. The P-ISM was featured

at the 2003 ITU Telecom World held in Geneva, Switzerland. An article about the

device published on the Wave Report website in 2004 explains:

11

At ITU Telecom World we got a sample of another view by NEC.

It is based on the pen and called P-ISM. This concept is so radical that we went to

Tokyo to learn more. The designer of this, Toru Ichihash, said that, in developing

this concept he asked himself-”WHAT IS THE FUTURE OF IT WHEN IT IS

SMALL?” For this the PEN was a logical choice.

In 2004 at ITU Telecom World a sample of another view by NEC

was presented which was based on the pen and called P-ISM. It was introduced by

the Japanese technology. Pen computer is more mobile than the laptops; this is

more useful for the users to make a use of it in construction places small rooms

etc.

12

COMPONENTS

CPU Pen

Communication Pen

Laser Keyboard

Digital Camera

LED Projector

Battery

13

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CPU Pen:

The functionality of the CPU is done by one of the pen. It also serves

as computing engine. All the arithmetic and logical operations are performed by

this pen as like any other normal CPU. The central processing unit (CPU) is the

portion of a computer system that carries out the instructions of a computer

program, and is the primary element carrying out the computer's functions. The

central processing unit carries out each instruction of the program in sequence, to

perform the basic arithmetical, logical, and input/output operations of the system.

This term has been in use in the computer industry at least since the early 1960s.

The form, design and implementation of CPUs have changed dramatically since

the earliest examples, but their fundamental operation remains much the same.

14

Communication Pen:

P-ISMs are connected with one another through short-range wireless

technology. They are connected through wireless modes which are made small

and kept in a small pen like device. The whole set is also connected to the Internet

through the cellular phone function. They are connected through Tri-wireless

modes (Blue tooth, 802.11B/G, and Cellular).

This pen also serves as a pointer device. It stores to memory whatever it writes.

Virtual Laser Keyboard:

15

The Virtual Laser Keyboard (VKB) is the ULTIMATE new gadget for PC users.

The VKB emits laser on to the desk where it looks like the keyboard having

QWERTY arrangement of keys i.e., it uses a laser beam to generate a full-size

perfectly operating laser keyboard that smoothly connects to of PC and Most of

the handheld devices (PDA's, tablet PC's).

Features of Laser Keyboard:

VKB settings can be changed by Sound

Controllable Virtual Keyboard sound effects (key clicks)

Connection: Connection to the appropriate Laptop/PC port

Intensity: Intensity of the projected Virtual Keyboard

Timeouts: coordinated timeouts to conserve the Virtual

Keyboard's battery life

Sensitivity: adjustable sensitivity of the Virtual Keyboard

Auto-repeat: Allows the VKB to automatically repeat a key

based on prescribed parameters.

Digital Camera:

We had digital camera in the shape of pen .It is useful in video recording, video

conferencing, simply it is called as web cam.

16

It is also connected with other devices through Blue tooth. The major advantage it

is small which is easily portable. It is a 360-Degree Visual Communication

Device. We have seen video phones hundreds of times in movies. However, why

can't we act naturally in front of videophone cameras? Conventional visual

communications at a distance have been limited due to the display devices and

terminals. This terminal enables showing of the surrounding atmosphere and

group-to-group communication with a round display and a central super-wide-

angle camera.

LED Projector:

The role of monitor is taken by LED Projector which projects

on the screen. The size of the projector is of A4 size.

17

It has the approximate resolution capacity of 1024 X 768. Thus it is

gives more clarity and good picture.

Battery:

The most important part in the portable type of computer is its

battery. Usually batteries must be small in size and work for longer time. It comes

with a battery life of 6+. For normal use it can be used for 2 weeks.

18

BLOCK DIAGRAM

The above picture shows a block diagram of the working of the 5

PEN PC. All the five functions are illustrated clearly in the above diagram. The

CPU pen is connected with the camera and the keyboard. The camera

communicates with the monitor and the keystrokes are visible on the monitor. The

communication pen is a cell phone which has a pointer and an ear piece. In this all

the devices are connected by bluetooth.

19

GENERAL TECHNIQUES OF PEN COMPUTING

User interfaces for pen computing can be implemented in

several ways. Actual systems generally employ a combination of these techniques:

Pointing/Locator input:

The tablet and  stylus are used as pointing devices, such as

to replace a mouse. Note that a mouse is a relative pointing device—one uses the

mouse to "push the cursor around" on a screen. However, a tablet is

an absolute pointing device—one must put the stylus in exactly where the cursor

goes.

There are a number of human factors considerations when actually substituting a

stylus and tablet for a mouse. For example, it is much harder to target or tap the

same exact position twice with a stylus, so "double-tap" operations with a stylus

are harder to perform if the system is expecting "double-click" input from a

mouse. A finger can be used as the stylus on a touch-sensitive tablet surface, such

as with a touch screen.

Handwriting recognition:

The tablet and stylus can be used to replace a keyboard, or

both a mouse and a keyboard, by using the tablet and stylus in two modes:

20

Pointing mode: The stylus is used as a pointing device as above.

On-line Handwriting recognition mode: The strokes made with

the stylus are analyzed as an "electronic ink", by software which

recognizes the shapes of the strokes or marks as handwritten

characters. The characters are then input as text, as if from a

keyboard.

The term "on-line handwriting recognition" is used to distinguish

recognition of handwriting using a real-time digitizing tablet for input, as

contrasted to "off-line handwriting recognition", which is optical character

recognition of static handwritten symbols from paper.

Direct manipulation:

The  stylus is used to touch, press, and drag on simulated

objects directly.

Gesture recognition:

This is the technique of recognizing certain special shapes

not as handwriting input, but as an indicator of a special command. For example, a

"pig-tail" shape would indicate a "delete" operation.

21

Depending on the implementation, what is deleted might be the

object or text where the mark was made, or the stylus can be used as a pointing

device to select what it is that should be deleted. With Apple's Newton OS, text

could be deleted by scratching in a zigzag pattern over the text which the user

desired to remove. Recent systems have used digitizers which can recognize more

than one "stylus" (usually a finger) at a time, and make use of Multi-

touch gestures.

22

FEATURES OF PEN PC

The PC is capable of storing data in Gigabytes but the Pen computer is

capable of storing Terabyte of data that is much more capacity of storing

data than ordinary PC.

The storage device used for storing data in this pen is a holographic storage

device.

There is e-fingerprint reader on top of the pen allows only the owner to

access the computer 

It can be connected to the internet via Bluetooth technology.

The wireless is also useful for transferring data from your pen computer to

your watch which has a holographic storing unit, so no worries anymore in

loss of data.

Touchpad mouse or a Bluetooth mouse can be used for pens.

All five pens can rest in a holding block which recharges the batteries and

holds the mass storage. The pen works with a Lithium Battery which gives

long life of usage

23

MERITS AND DEMERITS

Merits:

Portable

Feasible

Ubiquitous computing is done.

Wi-Fi technology

Demerits:

Currently Unclear.

Keyboard Concept Is Not New.

Positioning is main.

The power back up is very less.

As it uses BLUETOOTH technique, so there may be some security risks.

One major limitation is PRICE; to just make its sample costed $30,000.

24

CONCLUSION

The communication devices are becoming smaller and

compact. This is only an example for the start of this new technology. We can

expect more such developments in the future.

Now the Question arises Can anyone say, 'Good-bye

laptops?' because Pen computer is more mobile than the laptops, this is more

useful for the users to make a use of it in construction places, small rooms etc.

Pen computing is also used to refer to the usage of mobile devices. Thus it is clear

that information terminals are infinitely getting smaller. However, we will

continue to manipulate them with our hands for now

25

FUTURE SCOPE

Information Appliances that use National Semiconductior’s WebPad

technology are compact web access devices for home or commercial

applications. Weighing approximately three pounds and the size of an

average notebook, WebPad appliances are designed to be comfortable

to use.

The cost of the device is going to get reduced so that even the comman

man can also afford to buy it.

The power back up is going to be increased.

26

REFERENCES

1. http://www.cnn.com/TECH/computing//penpc.idg

2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pen_computing#History

3. http://www.ruggedpcreview.com/pdfs/ future.pdf

4. http://www.newscientist.com/article

5. http://www.pegatech.com

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