5 year community assessment spring 2019

Oglala Lakota College Head Start 5 Year Community Assessment Spring 2019 6/26/19

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Oglala Lakota College Early Head Start/Head Start Program 5 Year Community Assessment Spring 2019 Table of Contents Executive Summary 2

Program Impacts 3

Pine Ridge Indian Reservation Map 4

i. HS Eligible Children and Families 6

ii. Education, Health, Nutrition and Social Service Needs of Children

and Families/Prevalent Social and Economic Factors That Impact 11

Education 11

Health 13

Nutrition 18

Social Service 19

Social and Economic Factors 20

iii. Typical Work, School, and Training Schedules of Parents 23

iv. Other Child Development and Child Care Centers/Preschools and

Approximate Number of Children Served 23

v. Resources Available in the Community to Address the Needs of Children 24

vi. Strengths of the Community 24

References 24


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Executive Summary According to Section 1302.11 Determining Community strengths, needs and resources the program must do a comprehensive community assessment while doing the five year application. We have used the key points in the section as the Table of Contents for our 5 Year Community Assessment (Spring 2019). The law also says we must annually review and update the assessment to reflect any significant changes including availability of publicly-funded pre-kindergarten programs and how they meet the needs of parents and children, whether full day. The update also asks for rates of family and child homelessness and significant shifts in community demographics and resources. The Wounpse Oaye Tokahe (Woe oohn' spay Oh ah yay Toe Kah Hay) (First Level of Learning) is the Early Head Start and Head Start program run by Oglala Lakota College on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation of the Oglala Sioux Tribe. The Reservation is 3,468 square miles. The Reservation was named a USDA Promise Zone in 2015 and the Pine Ridge Village area an Opportunity Zone in 2017. The Reservation encompasses Oglala Lakota and Bennett Counties and part of Jackson County. The program is funded to serve 591 children from prenatal through 5 years old. WOT operated 29 classrooms in 2018-2019 (8 EHS and 21 Head Start and served 100 prenatal participants. Here are some key figures most of which come from the American Community Survey Reports of the US Census Bureau 2016. Tribal Enrollment 40, 572 : 19,911 on Reservation, 20,661 off-reservation (Oglala Sioux Tribe Enrollment Office) Population 19,541 Total (17,543 Native American) Disputed by Tribe. Race: 90% of the population is Native American Ethnicity: 98% are citizens and born in the USA Language predominantly English influenced by Lakota Children 0-5 2,148 Expectant Mothers at any one time 175-200 Children 0-5 with Disabilities Speech/Language Impairment 29, Multiple Disabilities 8, Autism 5, Development Delay 55 (OST Special Education/Early Intervention Program 18-19). Children Eligible for EHS/HS 1,933 Children not being served HS Eligible 922 Total 1,226 (591 students served by WOT /431 by other programs = 1032) Poverty All People 50.3 % Under 18 59.6% Under 5 years 63.8%


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Unemployment Rate: 25.6% Homeless in WOT: 298 Children in Foster Care, etc. 154 (SD Dept of Health FY18) Education of WOT parents: 20% less than HS/GED 43 Associates 8% Bachelor's Health The 2019 Robert Wood Johnson Health Outcomes rankings of counties in SD puts Oglala Lakota County as 62nd of 62 counties. Areas of special concern are US are smoking (41%), adult Obesity (41%), access to exercise 3%, STD’s (17x more prevalent), teen births (6x more prevalent), physicians 66% less per person, dentists 66% less per person, mental health providers 75% less per person. Child Food Insecurity Rate National 17.5% SD 16.5% Oglala Lakota County 34.8% Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (SD Social Services 2018) Children on Pine Ridge Reservation 1,255 (23% of TANF children in SD) Children 0-5 Eligible for Medical Services (Medicaid and CHIP) (SD 2018) On Pine Ridge Reservation 2,072 HUD Formula (based on US Census American Community Survey) 2017 2019 AIAN households which are overcrowded or without kitchen or plumbing 2,887 1,375 Housing Shortage 1,219 1239 Families 3649 Children Married 1,434 0-5 402 Male no wife 811 0-5 270 Female no husband 1,404 0-5 336 Gender 52% Female 48% Male Oglala Sioux Reservation Data Book 18 (USD) Age 52% under 25 years of age Source: Oglala Sioux Reservation 2018 Data Book This report is by no means complete but it does give baseline data for the staff of Head Start to review and use to make decisions for improvement of the program. There is always more data to collect also.


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Program Impacts Poverty, rurality, poor health, overcrowding, and lack of education are all conditions affecting our program, families and children. We also have the impact of the tribal government and the district powers which are similar to the states' in relation to the federal government. It is not always cost efficient to serve less populated areas but the children need the services. The affect of unemployment is profound since many young parents do not have to get up or have the funds to dress their little ones every day. The lack of available medical and dental care present problems. Parents not having reliable transportation is common. We also have found many children living outside our allowable bus routes or on terrible dirt or gravel roads. We have talked for years about buying a 4 wheel drive to reach them. Also some families do not want strangers coming in to their houses for various reasons. We have discussed having a mobile classroom where the children can come out to it. Both of these would be home based options. We did a slot conversion this year based on waiting lists for EHS and unfilled centers in certain districts. This increased our enrollment by about 100 students. We need to be able to switch our programs each year to meet the needs and are looking very hard at a small home based program. We also need to explore funding since Head Start classrooms cost about $9,000 per child and Early Head Start classrooms about $16,000 per child. We realize that many of our young parents quit high school with low levels of math and reading skills. OLC as a GED preparation program and we have made this a priority for our family interventions. We have turnover of staff and have difficulty finding bus drivers. We are talking to OLC about an expanded CDL program for bus drivers. We also need to expand our professional development program to develop teachers and teacher aids. Input from Board of Trustees and Policy Council Sessions over last 3 years: Items discussed to do. Present OST Council Resolution encouraging all children 0-5 being in some sort of preschool/services. Find land for new HS Administration Building and Bus Garage. Work on finding qualified Instructor for staff professional development for degrees. Put child records on jump drives and give to parents and school/do enrollment, etc. Deal with family feuds. Explore combined Early and regular Head Start. Continue to work on data including homeless (OST definition meets McKinney Vento definition “children who are sharing the housing of other persons due to loss of housing, economic hardship, or a similar reason.”; reasons for missing school, reasons for not enrolling. Explore getting clothes for students including the possibility of uniforms. Explore sending food packs home. Madonna mentioned a homeless grant. Put links to Law, Regulations and Standards on HS web site. Explore expansion of Early Head Start conversions and EHS expansion (esp Kyle and Wanblee)


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Explore implementation of home based demonstration to reach hard children not being served/including acquisition of a van/bus. Pine Ridge Indian Reservation (Oglala Lakota, Bennett and part of Jackson Counties, SD)


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i. Numbers of Eligible Infants, Toddlers, Preschoolers and Expectant Mothers


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by geographic location, race, ethnicity, and languages Geographic Boundaries The Pine Ridge Indian Reservation is located about 60 miles southeast of the Black Hills of southwestern South Dakota. The reservation borders the Badlands National Park to the north, the Rosebud Indian Reservation to the east, Nebraska to the south, and the southern foothills of the Black Hills to the west. The majority of the Reservation is made up of Oglala Lakota and Bennett Counties and part of Jackson County. The Oglala Sioux Tribe or Oglala Lakota Nation is one tribes in the Oceti Sakowin, or Seven Council Fires that made up the Great Sioux Nation. Governing Structure The Oglala Sioux Tribe is a sovereign nation with its own tribal Constitution and Bylaws which were Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA) approved on January 15, 1936. The most recent revision of the tribal constitution occurred in 1997. The Oglala Sioux Tribal Council is the governing body comprised of 20 council members and 4 executive officers who are determined, via democratic process, by tribal voters residing in one of the 9 districts within the reservation. Each of the 9 districts are represented by 2-3 (dependent on population) elected representatives who reside in their respective district of representation. All elected executive officers serve a 2 year term but may not exceed more than 2 consecutive terms. The following table illustrates current tribal council members and their corresponding district. The council was voted in November 2018 and will begin their term in December 2018, respectively. (OST official website)

Oglala Sioux Tribal Council, November 2018- November 2020 Position Name District ElectionTerm

President JulianBearRunner ExecutiveBoard November2018-2020VicePresident DarlaBlack ExecutiveBoard November2018-2020Treasurer MasonBigCrow ExecutiveBoard November2018-2020Secretary JenniferSpottedBear ExecutiveBoard November2018-2020DistrictRepresentative

H.D.YellowHawk EagleNest November2018-2020

DistrictRepresentative

JimMeeks EagleNest November2018-2020


CoraWhiteHorse Lacreek November2018-2020


CraigDillon Lacreek November2018-2020


NakinaMills PineRidge November2018-2020


RichardGreenwald PineRidge November2018-2020


RobinTapio PineRidge November2018-2020


JackieSiers Wakpamni November2018-2020


SonyaLittleHawk Wakpamni November2018-2020


Vincent“Woodzy”TwoLance Wakpamni November2018-2020

District RyanJumpingEagle MedicineRoot November2018-2020


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RepresentativeDistrictRepresentative

ChauncyWilson MedicineRoot November2018-2020


BeauLittleWhiteman MedicineRoot November2018-2020


RandyLaysBad Porcupine November2018-2020


PhilipGoodCrow Porcupine November2018-2020


TinaMerdanian Oglala November2018-2020


V.Janis Oglala November2018-2020


JamesCross PassCreek November2018-2020


LydiaBearKiller PassCreek November2018-2020


GlenGibbons WoundedKnee November2018-2020


GarfieldApple WoundedKnee November2018-2020

The map above shows the Districts and the key towns in each District. This District breakdown is important since everything on the Reservation is determined using this. The Districts are similar to the states in the Federal government and they have powers given by the Tribal constitution. There has been a major reevaluation of the population of the Pine Ridge Reservation in the last year. The Oglala Sioux Tribe has always challenged the US Census as not accurate counting the population. In 2005 the Oglala Sioux (Housing) Authority worked with Colorado State University to challenge the 2000 Census in terms of population count used by HUD in their ONAP funding formula. Where the Census said 15,000 or so the Challenge using IHS records, etc. came up with 27,800. HUD then added 3% a year so the count in 2017 was over 35,000. This year HUD switched to the American Community Survey which says there are 19,541 people on the Reservation. The Tribe is in the midst of a challenge but it is not done. The Oglala Sioux Tribal Enrollment Office in 2018 put the tribal enrollment at 19,911 on Reservation and 20,661 off the Reservation for a total of 40,572. The total numbers of children from 0-5 is 2,148 using the US Census 2012-2016 American Community Survey Statistics. Over 95% of these children are Native American. Most are first language English speakers but are influenced by the Lakota language spoken by most grandparents. The geographic location is shown by the table on the next page by District. The K-12 schools on the Reservation all have a rate above 90% eligibility for the free lunch therefore we would estimate that there are 1,933 children 0-5 eligible for EHS/HS. The number of expectant mothers at any one time is estimated at between 175-200 based on the number of live births on Pine Ridge in 2018. (172 at Pine Ridge Hospital) plus estimated 28 or so referred out.


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Homeless Children There is a homeless count done each year in January by Housing but due to the culture there are few people counted as homeless using the regular government definition. Relatives or friends take people in. There is a great deal of overcrowding in houses and a great housing shortage. The Oglala Sioux Tribe has passed a definition of homeless (OSTXB 12-11) that includes other government regulations and also that anyone is considered homeless if the head of household of a family is not on the lease or title of the house they are living in. Many families do not want to say they are homeless. The number of homeless children in our program in 18-19 was 298. Children in foster care We attempted to get numbers and were given the number 241 (3/29/17) in the system. The Tribe also deals with many Indian Child Welfare Act cases of member living off the Reservation whose children are taken away and put in foster care. We have 46 children in foster care of whom 26 are under the age of five. We had 358 investigations last year and we have 231 families in case management. ChildreninSDDepartmentofSocialService(SD-DSS)–OglalaCustodyinAlternativeCarebyTribalAffiliation,2008-2018

AlternativeCare SFY2013 SFY2014 SFY2015 SFY2016 SFY17 SFY18KinshipCare 0 16 14 30 30 45FosterCare 0 71 73 104 122 105Shelter

Care/Emergency0 3 1 2 2 0

GroupCare 0 0 1 5 4 7ResidentialTreatment 0 8 6 17 16 15IntensiveResidential

Treatment0 1 2 0 2 1

TrialReunification 0 1 17 16 10 22Other 0 2 1 1 3 3Total 0 102 115 175 189 198


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Discharge Outcomes for Children in SD Department of Social Services (SD-DSS) Custody by Tribal Affiliation 2018

Oglala Lakota SFY 2012

SFY 2013

SFY 2014

SFY 2015

SFY 2016

SFY 2017

SFY 2018

Adoption 5 0 9 16 15 25 27 Aged Out/Transition to Adulthood 1 0 2 4 3 8 8

Emancipation 0 0 0 0 0 NA 0 Guardianship 6 0 7 14 14 8 15 Relative Placement 0 0 0 1 5 0 3 Reunification 36 0 42 49 51 44 57 Transfer to DOC 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 Transfer to Tribe 135 0 65 67 54 33 54 Other 3 0 0 1 2 0 1 Total 187 0 126 152 144 119 166 C . Children with Disabilities The OST Early Intervention Program provides full-screening IEPs, and referrals for services for children 0-5 on the Reservation. The two public school systems (Bennett County and Oglala Lakota County) also provide Special Ed Services in their areas. We will get more accurate information for the full Community Assessment in December 2018. Children with disabilities, including types of disabilities and relevant services and resources provided to these children by community agencies. 2017-18 2018-19

Speech/Language Impairment 15 29

Multiple Disabilities 8 8

Autism 4 5

Developmental Delay 51 55

Other Health Impairment 1 0

(figures from the Oglala Sioux Tribe Special Education/Early Intervention Program)


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We did conversions to deal with underenrollment in some Districts and waiting lists in others. Currently we are set up to serve: 427 HS, 136 EHS and 29 Prenatal for a total of 591. OLC HS/EHS Statistics

2018-2019SchoolYearSingleParent

FamilyTwoParentFamily

EHS 104 96HS 248 184

2018-2019SchoolYearHomelessstudents

EHS 107 HS 191 EHS HSBaccalaureateorAdvancedDegree

10.43% 6.07%

Associate'sDegree 46.63% 38.51%HighSchool/GED 24.54% 33.82%lessthanHighSchoolorGED 18.40% 21.60%Tribal/EthnicComposition EHS HSNativeAmerican 98.17% 98.74%White 0.46% 0.42%Bi-Racial 0.91% 0.84%PacificIslander 0.46% 0.00% EHS HS%ofStudentsonanIEP/IFSP 11.00% 9.37%

In April 2016 we did a Reservation wide child find throughout our communities. Some of the families were home and it was raining so we could not get out to some of the families due to roads. However, we visited 349 homes on that day April 15, 2016 to try to gauge how many children we had in our communities who were HS/EHS age and prenatal. Two interesting factors we realized from the child find event and subsequent follow up was

1. Many of the homes the parent(s) were still asleep at 10-11 am. The children answered the door

2. We have about 80 children who live in very rural country areas that we cannot get too. Due to the one hour time frame for buses and un maintained roads to these home.


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Population ACS 2013-18 American Indian alone Pine Ridge Reservation 16,501

ii. Education, Health, Nutrition and Social Service Needs of Children and Families/Prevalent Social and Economic Factors That Impact

Education Nations Report Card SD 2017 AI % at or above Basic White Eligible School Lunch 4th Grade Reading 40% 76% 54% 4th Grade Math 59% 90% 72% 8th Grade Reading 55% 84% 67% 8th Grade Math 40% 83% 59%

Education Enrollment Population 3 years and over in school 6,645 Nursery and preschool 439 Kindergarten 394 Elementary (Grades 1-8) 3,104 High School (9-12) 1,708 College or graduate school 1,000 Education Attainment Population 25 years and over 10,008 Less than 9th grade 502 9th to 12th grade no diploma 1,627 High School Graduate or Equivalency 2,845 Some college no degree 2,750 Associate’s degree 969 Bachelor’s degree 1,044 Graduate or professional degree 271 % high school grad or higher 78.7%

RacialComposition-OglalaLakotaCounty

White,alone5.2%

Black,orAfricanAmerican,alone0.4%

AmericanIndianorAlaskanNative,alone92.6%Asian,alone0.1%

NativeHawaiianandOtherPaci]icIslander,alone0.1%

TwoorMoreRaces1.7%


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% bachelor’s or higher 13.1% High School Persistence Rates 2015 Freshmen to 2018 Seniors % (This rate compares the % of Freshmen in Fall 2015 to Seniors in Fall 2018. Most students who make it to Senior year graduate) Pine Ridge HS 44% Red Cloud HS 80% Crazy Horse 67 Little Wound 53% Rapid City Native 34% Rapid City Non-Native 78% Figure 16. Education level of parents of Head Start/Early H.S. students

As a result of the data collection in the Head Start Annual Report, the Head start program has identified parents who need GEDs and have held multiple meetings with the College GED program. Head Start parents are receiving GED services with the goal of assisting the parents from attainment of the GED into College degree programs. OLC has GED Tutors at each College Center.

1528

17 1013

106

8170

020406080100120

AdvancedorBaccalaureatedegree

Associate'sdegree,vocaYonalschoolor

somecollege

HighschoolgraduateorGED

Lessthanhighschoolgraduate

EarlyHeadStart HeadStart


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Health Mortality Rates County Health Rankings U of Wisconsin 2019 # of People who die before age 75 /premature deaths per 100,000 Oglala Lakota County highest in the country 983.4 Median score 376 Lowest Score Pitkin, CO 118.5 Dewey Eagle Butte 811.4 5 Single Teen Births and Prenatal Care by Race American Indian White Single Teen Births 14.2% 3.4% 1st Trimester Care 49.4% 79.9%

Health Data from the Indian Health Service (1/17) 5/15 – 12/15 1/16 12/16 Births 82 259 Prenatal 454 624 # of child files 0-5 On Reservation 1871 1447 # of child files 0-5 Off Reservation 1022 1836 Suicide and Attempts 343 235 Children with diabetes Under 5 82 82 Children with obesity under 5 16 19 Adult diabetes Males 920 995 Females 1285 1338 Heart disease Male 253 496 Female 248 482 Mental Health Male 1419 1576 Female 1854 2142 Alcohol Incidents 894 978 Drug Incidents 677 1006 Domestic Violence 21 32 Child Abuse 15 5


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Robert Wood Johnson County Health Outcomes (2019) countyhealthrankings.org Oglala Lakota County US SD Rank of 62 Premature Death 23,700 5,200 6,900 62 Quality of Life 62 Poor or fair health 33% 12% 12% Health Factors 61 Behaviors 62 Smoking 41% 14% 18% Adult Obesity 41% 26% 31% Food environment index .2 8.7 6.6 Access to exercise 3% 91% 72% Excessive drinking 15% 13% 20% Impaired driving deaths 72% 13% 36% STD’s 2642 (18) 152 493 Teen Births 88 14 28 Clinical Care 62 Uninsured 16% 6% 10% Physicians 2880:1 1050:1 1320:1 Dentists 3590:1 1260:1 1690:1 Mental health providers 1200:1 310:1 590:1 Diabetes monitoring (18) 20% 91% 84% Mammography screening 18% 49% 49% Flu vaccinations 16% 52% 45% Social & Economic Factors 61 High School Graduation ? 96% 84% Some College 46% 73% 68% Unemployment 11.8% 3% 3% Children in Poverty 46% 11% 16% Income inequality 7.5 3.7 4.2 Children 1 parent household 65% 20% 31% Violent Crime ? 63 373 Injury Deaths 231 57 80 Physical Environment 23 Air pollution 4.5 6.7 6.7 Drinking water violations No Severe housing problems 43% 9% 12% Long commute – alone 22% 15% 14%


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Oglala Lakota Nation Health Profile 2018 GPTCHB US Census Bureau includes Oglala Lakota, Bennett, Jackson, Custer, SD and Dawes, Sheridan, NE Mortality by Cause and Race 1990-2015 (per 100,000) AI White OST ratio Diseases of Heart 300 218 1.4 Cancers 253 177 1.4 Other 222 95 2.4 Accidents & Effects 164 52 3.1 Diabetes Mellitus 127 21 5.9 Chronic liver/Cirrhosis 117 8 14.8 Cerebrovascular Disease 73 49 1.5 COPD and allied 71 55 1.3 Pneumonia/Influenza 62 20 3.1 Ill defined conditions 39 13 3 Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IMHE)’s Oglala Lakota County National Health Profile (2016). According to their research, despite the fact that women outlive men by 8.2 years, both sexes have the lowest life expectancy of all 3,142 counties studied. What is more, Oglala Lakota County also ranks last in health disparities including diabetes, urogenital, blood, and endocrine disease; cirrhosis and liver disease; and transport injuries. Among other near last ranking mortality categories includes mental and substance abuse and self-harm and interpersonal violence. These, among the other nationally-low ranking categories within Oglala Lakota County demonstrate a need for an increase of a broad range of preventative healthcare services as well as an increased knowledge of and access to services. Casey Family Race for Results The score for American Indian children in South Dakota is the lowest of any group in any state on the index — 185 out of a possible score of 1,000. Babies born at normal birth weight, Children ages 3 to 5 enrolled in nursery school, preschool or kindergarten , Fourth graders who scored at or above proficient in reading , Eighth graders who scored at or above proficient in math , Females ages 15 to 19 who delay childbearing until adulthood , High school students graduating on time ,Young adults ages 19 to 26 who are in school or working , Young adults ages 25 to 29 who have completed an associate’s degree or higher , Children who live with a householder who has at least a high school diploma , Children who live in two-parent families , Children who live in families with incomes at or above 200% of poverty , Children who live in low-poverty areas (poverty <20%).


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Safe Passage Study PASS Pine Ridge Clinical Site 656 mom, 666 infants 2017 report Age 18% under 20 Education 46% did not complete HS Employed 31% Income 80% under $24,000 Married/Partnered 75% EBT 76% TANF 16% WIC 80% Average # of Prenatal Visits 8.8 Spontaneous Deliveries 74% Cesarean 11% Tobacco Exposure 88% Smoke 66% Drugs Meth 1% Marijuana 30% Alcohol 4 drinks a day 45% 7 drinks a week 32% Any drinks 52% Alcohol None 53% Moderate quit early 20% High quit later 4% Low continuous 9% Moderate Continuous 20% High Continuous 0% 1 Prenatal Care DOH 1st Trimester 74% All trimesters 67% Very low income attended 65% Less than HS 66% Suicide

IHS Behavioral Health Charles Sitting Bull, CSW 867-3162

90% of suicides alcohol related/ none since 3/2/18


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Figure 6: Health Factors County Profile- Oglala Lakota County Life Expectancy

Sex

Oglala Lakota County

South Dakota

National

National Rank

Female 71 82 81.5 3142 Male 62.8 77.2 76.7 3142

Source: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), US County Profile: Oglala Lakota County, South Dakota. Seattle, WA: IHME, 2016.

Ischemic Heart Disease Sex


South Dakota

National

National Rank

Female 184.6 106.9 124.9 2730 Male 293.1 186.7 191.5 2861

Cerebrovascular Disease (Stroke) Sex


South Dakota

National

National Rank

Female 75.4 46.8 47.4 3020 Male 80.1 48.7 48.8 3054

Diabetes, Urogenital, Blood, And Endocrine Diseases Mortality

Sex


South Dakota

National

National Rank

Female 210.9 46.1 49.6 3142 Male 192.2 56.8 63.8 3142

Self-Harm And Interpersonal Violence Mortality

Sex


South Dakota

National

National Rank

Female 32.9 9.3 9.0 3139 Male 101.6 31.2 30.9 3132

Mental And Substance Use Disorders Mortality Sex


South Dakota

National

National Rank

Female 20.8 6.0 8.2 3043 Male 60.6 11.4 18.7 3126

Cirrhosis And Other Chronic Liver Diseases Mortality

Sex


South Dakota

National

National Rank

Female 158.0 14.8 11.8 3142 Male 231.0 21.6 22.2 3142

Tracheal,Bronchus,AndLungCancerSex

OglalaLakotaCounty

SouthDakota

National

NationalRank

Female 75.7 40.2 43.8 3067Male 98.7 66.5 67.6 2411

TransportInjuriesMortality Sex

OglalaLakotaCounty

SouthDakota

National

NationalRank

Female 54.9 11.9 8.1 3142Male 132.0 27.1 19.8 3141

BreastCancerSex

OglalaLakotaCounty

SouthDakota

National

NationalRank

Female 26.6 23.2 25.9 1836Male .1 .3 .3 8

HeavyDrinkingSex

OglalaLakotaCounty

SouthDakota

National

NationalRank

Female 8.6 6.6 6.7 2732Male 26.8 13.0 9.9 3136

BingeDrinkingSex

OglalaLakotaCounty

SouthDakota

National

NationalRank

Female 11.6 15.6 12.4 1773Male 34.3 30.9 24.5 2914

SmokingSex

OglalaLakotaCounty

SouthDakota

National

NationalRank

Female 34.1 20.1 17.9 3134Male 37.9 23.3 22.2 3139

Obesity Sex

Oglala Lakota Count y

South Dakota

National

National Rank

Female 57.76 35.6 36.1 3135 Male 40.0 36.0 33.8 2591

3,142 Total United States Counties


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2013-2017 Per 100,000 AI Males AI Females SD-NE Dept of Health Chlamydia 15-24 2100 11000 25-34 1900 5800 Gonorrhea 15-24 1000 2300 25-34 1200 2300 Live births and prenatal care for American Indians 2013-2017 (SD Department of Health) County Live Births 1st Trimester Care % Bennett 260 136 52.3% Oglala Lakota 1,528 902 59% Jackson 298 151 50.7 Pennington* 1,355 761 56.2% * We include Pennington County statistics because Rapid City, SD is Pennington County and many Oglalas are sent there for births or live there and move back and forth to and from the Reservation. Single Teen Births – American Indians 13-17 SD Department of Health County Births Single Teens % Bennett 260 46 17.5% Oglala Lakota 1551 246 15.9% Jackson 305 53 17.4% Infant Deaths Mortality Rate Bennett 7% Oglala Lakota 16.4 Jackson 13% Free and Reduced Price Lunches 2018 Oglala Lakota 90% + Bennett 84% Jackson 75% OLC’s Office of Research and Assessment compared statistics on the educational attainment of parents and the attendance of children. We found 80 parents of EHS/HS students lacked a High School diploma or GED.

Nutrition 2017 Supplemental Nutrition and Assistance Program (SD Department of Social Services) Native children Households Persons South Dakota 16,406 41,204 Bennett 463 1,305 Oglala Lakota 3,326 8,010 Jackson 371 965 This shows that the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation has 25% of household and persons on SNAP in South Dakota. SD Department of Health School Height and Weight Report


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Native American Overall Overweight Obese Overweight Obese 17-18 19.8% 29.1% 16.1% 16.6% www.sdharvestofthemonth.org SD Feeding America 2016 Food Insecurity and Food Cost resources: Harvest of the Month encourage eating fruits and vegetables. Child Food Insecurity Rate National 17.5% SD 16.5% Oglala Lakota County 34.8% All “ 12.9% 11.7% 26.9% Eligible for Programs SD 63% “ 87% KIDS Count Free or Reduced Price Lunch 07-08 16-17 Bennett 79% 87% Jackson 74% 77% Oglala Lakota County 90% or more 90% or more

Social Service Economic 2018 Native Americans TANF Families Adults Children Bennett 90 16 170 Jackson 69 8 139 Oglala Lakota 494 107 978 Pennington 298 42 566 SNAP Households Persons Bennett 453 1,277 Jackson 338 854 Oglala Lakota 3,245 5,876 Pennington 2,443 5,876 Medicaid Total Adults 0-5 6-13 14-18 Bennett 1339 405 306 416 212 Jackson 891 292 215 247 137 Oglala Lakota 7278 2266 1578 2289 1145 Temporary Assistance for Needy Families Families Persons Children Total $ Avg Fam 10/18 SD 2,997 6,000 5,444 $1.347M $450 Bennett Cty 93 193 178 $42,499 $457 Jackson County 68 147 136 $29,701 $437 Oglala Lakota 476 1,036 941 $232,011 $487


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Average Persons Eligible for Medical Services FY 18 Total 0-5 SD 28,854 Bennett 326 Jackson 228 Oglala Lakota 1,632 % of pop 13.6% 40.8% 29.7% 50.6% Avg recipients* 60,101 562 418 2,688 Expenditures* $880M $8.9M $6.6M $44.6M * Medicaid and CHIP

Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) December 2017 Families Recipients Children Total $ Avg per Family State 3,054 6,243 5,608 $1,373,542 $449.75 Bennett 108 213 196 $47,822 $442.80 Jackson 73 154 141 $32,108 $439.84 Oglala Lakota 524 1,214 1,072 $254,833 $486.32 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program November 2017 Total Households Persons 18&over Under 18 Total State 40,418 89,366 47,162 42,204 $11,176,032 Bennett 503 1,382 648 734 $177,704 Jackson 371 938 480 458 $128,867 Oglala Lakota 3,271 7,813 4,071 3,742 $1,089,537 Medical Services 2017 (Medicaid and CHIP) County Avg Monthly Eligible Estimated 16 Census % State 119,619 868,641 13.7% Bennett 1,422 3,460 41.1% Jackson 1,020 3,326 30.7% Oglala Lakota County 7,232 14,415 50.2% (All 3 Counties are over 30% enrolled) Total Costs $855,500,000 Federal 55% 42,484 Indian on Medicaid each month $228 million at IHS, $68 million Federally funded

Social and Economic Factors

US Census Department- American Community Survey Update 2015 No Health Insurance 6,561 Poverty All families 39.8% Families with children 49.3% All People 50.3 % Under 18 59.6% Under 5 years 63.8% Employment Status Population 16 and over 13,345 In labor force 6,658 Unemployment rate 25.6% Commuting to work 4,846 Occupation Management, business 1,948 Service 1,145 Sales/office 937 Natural resources 486 Production, transport etc. 439


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Industry Agriculture 462 Construction 199 Manufacturing 199 Wholesale 47 Retail 356 Utilities 114 Finance 170 Professional 109 Education 2021 Administration 782 Classification Government 2,871 Private 1,595 Self-employed 472 Housing Total units 5,376 Occupied 4,495 Owner occupied 2,406 Renter 2,089 Average household owner occupied 3.55 Average household rental 5.10 HUD Formula (based on US Census American Community Survey) 2017 2019 AIAN persons 35,764 17,453 AIAN households with annual income less than 30% median income 1,967 1,235 AIAN households with annual income between 30% and 50% median income 1,293 700 AIAN households with annual income between 50% and 80% median income 832 585 AIAN households which are overcrowded or without kitchen or plumbing 2,887 1,375 AIAN households with housing cost burden greater than 50% of annual income 470 460 Housing Shortage (# of AIAN households less NAHASDA & Current Assisted Stock 1,219 1239


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Land 2,785,658 acres 707,544 Tribal/1,063,044 allotted/1,010,642 deeded-fee patent OST Transportation Department OST Transit Department 2017 22,741 passenger trips/1800 miles a day with 8 buses/5 day schedule with RC trip on Saturday/444,620 miles OST Road Maintenance road repair, weed trimming, line painting, sign repair, snow removal. 519 miles of BIA funded roads OST Motor Fuels provide road construction and maintenance to other roads Household Composition The OST 2018 Data Book notes that there are 3,960 total families residing on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation. Of those families, 1,585 consist of married-couple households, 815 consist of male householders with no wife present, and 1,560 consist of female householders with no husband present. Workforce Pine Ridge Reservation Employment Categories : Educational Services 23%; Public Administration 15.7%; Health care and social assistance 14.5%; Retail trade 10.7%; Accomodation and food service 6.9%; Construction 5%; Manufacturing 2%; Wholesale Trade 2.5%; Finance and insurance 2.4%; Professional, Scientific and Technical Services 2.1%. 2% or less Real Estate and Leasing, Waste Management and Remediation, Utilities, Mining , Transportation. (Oglala Sioux Tribe Comprehensive Economic Development Strategy Final Report 2016) Comprehensive Economic Development Strategy Annual Report Table (Figure 8), Native employees represented 41% of all employees with Whites represented 55.7% of all employees. According to 2016 US Census Data

Oglala Lakota County South Dakota Median Household Income $26,330 $52,078 Per Capita Income $9,286 $27,516 Persons in Poverty 40.7% 13%

Data Source: 2016 US Census Principle Source of Income According to the CEDS Report (2016), aside from grants, the tribe draws most of its income from tourism, hospitality, and gaming. Unemployment The US Bureau of Labor Statistics (2017) estimated the unemployment rate to be at 11.2% in Oglala Lakota County. almost three times greater than the national average of 4.4%.


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iii. Typical work, school and training schedules of parents with eligible children Survey Results 6/22/16

Parents 8:30-2:30 8:30-3:00 8:30-3:30

6/20/16 29 28 40 6/21/16 21 15 22

50 43 62 Staff 8:30-2:30 8:30-3:00 8:30-3:30

6/20/16 24 9 18 6/21/16 9 2 2 6/21/16 6 5 14

39 16 34

Total 89 59 96 8:30-2:30 8:30-3:00 8:30-3:30 Percentage 36.48 24.18 39.34

iv. Other Child Development and Child Care Centers/Preschools and

Approximate Number of Children Served Oglala Sioux Tribe Child Care operates Learning Center in Allen, Kyle, Manderson, Pine Ridge, Porcupine, and Wanblee serving children ages 0-12 from 730AM to 8PM during the school year (to accommodate OLC college students) and 8AM to 430PM in the summer. The program serves 198 children (159 subsidized/39 self-pay). Badlands Head Start serves 32 children in Oglala Lakota and Bennett with a home based program. The Little Wound School FACE Program in Kyle serves 70 families /21 3-4 year olds with daily preschool, 42 preschool home based biweekly 12 adult education students. The Pine Ridge Schools FACE Program serves 14 home based children and 19 parents, 36 center based 3-5 year olds and 19 center-based adult ed parents. The American Horse FACE program serves 22 center-based children 3-5 and 58 home-based children 0-3. Thunder Valley CDC Immersion Pre-School serves 20 students 6 months to 5 years at Payabya (Oglala) and 12 students 6 months to 5 years at Sharps Corner. Wounded Knee District School serves 20 3-4 year olds. The 491 students served by WOT and 429 students served by other programs totals 920 when subtracted from 2,148 leaves 1,228 children 0-5 not being served. Two of the schools are discontinuing their preschool programs in 2019-20: Oglala Lakota County School Pre-K for 3 to 4 year olds operated from 8AM to 330PM at Batesland (7 students), Rockyford (44), Wolf Creek (50), Red Shirt (4). The program provided education, food, screening and special education services. They are discontinuing their program in 2019-2020. They reported that our Head Start students entering Kindergarten were better prepared than their pre-school students. Porcupine School serves 14 3-4 year olds.


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v. Resources in the community to address needs of eligible children We have worked with funding from The Better Way Foundation over the past 3 years to put together a director of resources for parents and children on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation. We worked with all the preschool providers on the Reservation. The focus is children with disabilities but it contains information on all resources in each community/District. The One Voice Directory (Wicaho Wanjila) is available in hard copy from our Head Start program and is also posted on at www.olc.edu on the Head Start page. We have also put the Pine Ridge Area Service Organizations Directory (Tiwahe Zni Okiciya Ichahwichayapi (Raising Healthy Families Together) put together by Pine Ridge area social service organizations, the Oglala Sioux Tribe Health Administration and the Omniciye Multicultural Rotary Club in June 2018. It includes Peace and Conflict Resolution, Disease Prevention and Treatment, Water and Sanitation, Maternal and Child Health, Basic Education and Literacy and Economic & Community Development. We contacted the Oglala Sioux Tribe Research Board and obtained copies of over 100 studies done on Pine Ridge (Attached RRB). We will be able to contact the authors for research that is relevant to the Head Start program (RRB Katie Blindman 867-1705 ext 211 [email protected]). vi. Strengths of the community

Pine Reservation is a USDA Promise Zone. Pine Ridge Village and the surrounding area

are a US Opportunity Zone. These are based on poverty but offer resources for development.

Culture is still alive and language resources are available.

Tiwahe Gluonihanpi group is bringing collaboration for early childhood.

Oglala Lakota College provides a stable and well managed grantee.

References: Institute for Health Metrics & Evaluation http://www.healthdata.org/sites/default/files/files/county_profiles/US/2015/County_Report_Oglala_Lakota_County_South_Dakota.pdf Black Hills Knowledge Network https://www.blackhillsknowledgenetwork.org/community-profiles/counties-of-the-black-hills/oglala-lakota-county/oglala-lakota-county-work-economy.html#.W-pQRvbzbIV Oglala Sioux Tribe Official Website https://www.oglalalakotanation.info/about.html Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS COUNT (2017) https://datacenter.kidscount.org/data/tables/7826-population-by-county-2017-estimates?loc=43&loct=5#detailed/5/6354-6419/false/871/any/15100


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Strengthening the Pine Ridge Economy Report 2016 file:///C:/Users/sarah.pierce/AppData/Local/Microsoft/Windows/INetCache/IE/JVCS0W38/PR%20-Thunder%20Valley%20Equity%20and%20opportunity.pdf Lakota Friends Circle.(2018). Table: Map of Pine Ridge. Retrieved from: http://www.lakotafriendscircle.org/pine-ridge-2/pine-ridge/ BIA- Labor Report https://www.bia.gov/sites/bia.gov/files/assets/public/pdf/idc1-024782.pdf The State of Tribal Data Capacity in Indian Country NCAI 10/18 US Commission on Civil Rights “Broken Promises: Continuing Federal Funding Shortfall for Native Americans 12/18 “Reshaping the Journey American Indians and Alaska Natives in Medicine” 10/18 Association of American Medical Colleges “OPRE Report #2018-70 A Portrait of American Indian and Alaska Native Children and Families. National Center for Early Childhood Education Carole Cochrane USD SD Kids Count OST Data Book 2019 677-6432

Angie Sam DSS Tiwahe Gluonihanpi 867-2236 ext247 TANF

directory Bright start etc. [email protected]

TANF: http://dss.sd.gov/economicassistance/tanf/data.aspx SNAP (Supplemental Nutrition

Assistance Program), http://dss.sd.gov/economicassistance/snap/data.aspx

Medicaid: http://dss.sd.gov/keyresources/news/reports/default.aspx

IHS Behavioral Health Charles Sitting Bull, CSW 867-3162 90% of suicides alcohol

related none since 3/2/18

OST IRB [email protected] Katie Blindman

IHS Midwife [email protected]

Delta Dental [email protected]

5 year community assessment spring 2019

Documents