Overview of power grid technology and Simulation of 50VDC- 220VDC Switching Boost Converter using MultiSim12

Prepared at TPDDL

SUPERVISORY HEADSShri Sunil KothariMr. Rajendra Sethiya

Prepared by: Smriti12020802809

ECE’09

What is a Grid ?An electricity network which includes:• Electricity generation • Electric power transmission • Electricity distribution

What are topologies ? Why are they required?• Physical/ logical layout of any network

SMART GRIDS

• Two-way flow of electricity/information• Create automated and distributed advanced energy delivery

network.

Systems in smart grid:

• Infrastructure•Advanced electricity generation, delivery & consumption•Advanced information metering, monitoring •Advanced communication technologies

• Management• Protection

“Smart Grid: A vision for India!”

WHY ?

GTK Grid

Input power : 33KVOutput power : 11KVNumber of buses : 2

Concept of single line diagrams• use a single line to represent all

three phases• standardized schematic symbols

used• do not show the exact electrical

connections

Power Electronics

control and conversion of electric power from one form to another

Circuitry involves combination of power semiconductor

devices and passive components

Power electronic convertor• DC/AC conversion (vice-versa)• AC/AC conversion• DC/DC conversion

used whenever there is a need to change voltage, current or frequency of

electric power

Power range milli – watts to hundreds of megawatts

Classification• AC to DC (rectifier)• DC to AC (inverter)• DC to DC (DC-to-DC converter)• AC to AC (AC-to-AC converter)

DC to DC boost Conversion

•Buck converter (Step- down converter)•Boost converter (Step-up converter)

Bi-positional switch• also known as- a switching power

pole• switches at very high frequencies• require a controlling signal

Vd

L D

C

RL

S

Vd

L D

CRL

S

Vd

LD

C RLS

+ vL

+

Vo

+ vL -

Vo

+

CIRCUIT OF BOOST CONVERTER

CIRCUIT WHEN SWITCH IS CLOSED

CIRCUIT WHEN SWITCH IS OPENED

Vo

+

iL

Boost

(step-up )

converter

Table- States of a bi-positional switchFig. a) Bi-positional switchFig. b) Switching waveform

+

Vo

RL

+ Vce IL

SWITCHING REGULATOR

EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT

Vin

RL

IL

VinVo

+

(ON)closed

(OFF)open

(ON)closed

DT T

OUTPUT VOLTAGE

Vo

SWITCH

Vin

Transistor is operated in switched-mode:

Switch closed: Fully on (saturated)Switch opened: Fully off (cut-off)

When switch is open, no current flow in itWhen switch is closed no voltage drop across it.

Since P=V.I, no losses occurs in the switch.

Power is 100% transferred from source to load.Power loss is zero (for ideal switch):

Switching regulator is the basis of all DC-DC converters

Bi-positional switch using BJT

Boost converter - step up an input voltage ! (a) Circuit,(b) Operating state,

BOOST CONVERTOR: Waveform

Boost Converter Designing

1. Necessary parameters:a. Input voltage range: Vin= 52 VDC (approximation of max. and min. voltages)b. Nominal output voltage: Vout = 225VDCc. Maximum output current: Iomax = 7Ad. Controlling signal frequency of operation = 100K Hz (assumed)

2. Component description:a. Inductor: acts as the magnetic field storage element, it

stores energy in its core material. b. PWM: act as switch controlc. MOSFET: act as switchd. Diode and output capacitor: as output rectifier and filter

block

3. Component Calculations:• Duty Cycle, D = ( Vout – Vin +Vd)/( Vout + Vd - VTswitch)

Vd (Voltage drop across power diode) = 1.15 V

Vtswitch (Voltage drop across power MOSFET) = 3V •ton + toff = 1/f =10us

•D = ton / (ton+toff)•Peak to peak ripple, ∆IL = .2 * Iomax *(Vout / Vin)

•L = (Vout - Vin )* Vin / (∆IL *Vout *fs)

•Cout = Iout * ton / Vripple

Vripple , desired output voltage ripple, assumed 5% of Vout

•R1 = Vout/ Iomax

Calculated values are as follows :•Ton = 7.8 µs , toff = 2.2 µs•∆IL = 6 , Vripple = 11.5 •L= 67 µH•D= 78%•C = 4.7 µF•R1 = 32.5 Ω •R2 = 95 m Ω •Switch Mode Schottky power rectifier-

MBRF20200CTG

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM (simulated using MultiSim)

• Pulse was used to mimic the operation of the control switch

• Attributes of the pulse are listed as follows:

•Initial Value=.2V , •Pulsed Value = 1.5V, •Delay time = 1ns, •Rise time = 10ns,•Fall time = 10ns, •Pulse width = 7.8us, •Period = 10us

•Assumption for the analysis: •All components were assumed

ideal•Power is transmitted without

losses

Waveforms obtaineda. Current across Inductor, L.

b. Depicts current across load resistor, R1.

c. Voltage across load resistor, output voltage

RESULT: The boost circuit was simulated on MultiSim and for a 52V DC input source we obtained 220VDC- 230V DC at

the output port with approximately 6A current flowing through the load.

The training was completed successfully with me entering into unknown realms.

THANK YOU for being patient listeners.