5031 5035.output
TRANSCRIPT
* GB785438 (A)
Description: GB785438 (A) ? 1957-10-30
Improvements in or relating to heat exchangers
Description of GB785438 (A)
PA Tr ENT SPECIFICATION
Date offiliiu Complete Specification: Feb 10, 1954.
Application Date: Feb 16, 1953 No 4242 /53.
Complete Specification Publi Thed: Oct 30, 1957.
Index at Acceptanice:-Class 64 ( 1), L 4 C International
Classiication:-F 25 g 9 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Heat Exchangers.
We, THE SUPERHEATER COMPANY LIMITED, a Body Corporate duly organised
under the Laws of Great Britain, and JOHN CHARLES SAYCE WHITE, a
British Subject, both of 53 Haymarket, London, S W 1, do hereby
declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted
to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be
particularly described in and by the following statement: -
This invention relates to heat exchangers of the kind known as
regenerators comprising heat accumulators adapted to transfer heat
from a stream of relatively hot fluid to a stream of relatively cold
fluid, the accumulators being in the form of heat transfer elements
having fluid passages through which relatively hot and relatively cold
fluids alternately flow.
The alternation between relatively hot and relatively cold fluid
traversals is effected by means of relative movement or rotation
between a drum or disc, containing the heat transfer elements in ducts
within the drum, and the fluid inlet and outlet ducting terminating in
sealing members held in close juxtaposition with or bearing on, the
face of the drum.
Hitherto, such drums or discs have been constructed as matrices with
parallel rectangular section ducts running from face to face and with
relatively thick duct walls sufficient to maintain structural
rigidity, and it has been proposed to fill or partially fill each duct
with heat accumulating elements or fillers having a high ratio of
surface area to volume and a high voidage fraction, thus presenting a
large surface area for heat transfer and a minimum of resistance to
the fluid flow.
Further, it has been proposed to arrange the heat accumulator or
transfer elements with their throughways for fluid flow located lPrice
3 s 6 OF, &e at an inclination to the ducts, thus increasing the area
of heat accumulator traversed by the fluids for a given
cross-sectional size of duct or given face area of regenerator drum or
disc, but such previous arrangements, owing to the rectangular section
of the ducts, necessitate sealing members of extensive area at the
faces of the drum, and moreover the edges of the filler or heat
transfer elements obturate and thus cause a substantial reduction in
the effective crosssection of the ducts for the passage of fluid.
The present invention has for its general object to provide improved
and more efficient arrangements and constructions of regenerator
having relatively high, or maximum possible, face area of matrix
filler or transfer element for a given face area and length of drum or
disc A further object is to increase the transverse sealing width
without decreasing the crossisectional area available for flow at the
entry to and/or the delivery from this matrix.
In the improved regenerator according to the present invention, the
ducts of the matrix are of general sectorial form in section with the
edges of the partition walls between adjoining ducts extending
substantially radially of the drum or disc, or are of volute or spiral
form, the ducts, when having radial walls, being of general sectorial
form, and sealing members which are held in close juxtaposition with
or bear on such edges at the face of the drum, are also disposed
radially so as to coincide with such partition walls, and wherein each
duct contains a heat transfer element which extends diagonally across
the duct between the said radial, volute or spiral partition walls and
occupies only a small fraction of the cross-section of the duct.
If desired the partition walls may be disposed radially throughout
their length that 785,438 785438 is from one face of the drum to the
other and be parallel with the axis of the drum although, preferably,
in order to obtain the maximum possible face area for the matrix a
filler, the heat transfer elements are disposed in line with the axis
and the partition walls are arranged at an inclination to such axis,
each such wall extending from a radial edge at one face of the drum to
a radial edge at the other face of the drum which is in axial
alignment with the opposite edge of the next adjoining duct partition
wall.
Preferably also, the partition walls separating the ducts are flanged
or enlarged at their ends to form transverse sealing faces
co-operating with the aforementioned sealing members on the ducting by
which the respective fluids are supplied to and delivered from the
regenerator, and the filler elements or heat accumulators are
advantageously located behind these enlargements sealing flanges in
order that the thickness of the filler elements shall not reduce the
effective cross-sectional area of the ducts in the matrix.
In one preferred form of improved rotary regenerator, the matrix is of
annular form carried in the heat exchanger by a central spider, and
has inner and outer cylindrical walls joined by a plurality of
radially disposed partition walls which define between them an annular
series of sectorially shaped ducts for the passage of the working
fluids from one face of the drum to the other.
This preferred embodiment will now be further described with reference
to the accompanying drawings in which it is illustrated schematically
by way of example and wherein:Figure 1 is an end view of the matrix;
and Figure 2 is a detail view of the radial duct walls partly in
section.
Referring now to the drawings, as will be seen more clearly from
Figure 1 the matrix is of annular form adapted to be carried in a heat
exchanger by a central spider 1 and has inner and outer cylindrical
walls 2 and 3 joined by a pluraflity of radially disposed -partition
walls generally designated 4 which define between them an annular
series of sectorially shaped ducts 5 for the passage of the working
fluids from one face of the drum indicated at 6 in Figure 2 to the
other face indicated at 7 in the same Figure.
Although the partition walls 4 are disposed radially, in the other
dimension, as is apparent from Figure 2, they are inclined to the
common axis of the two cylindrical walls 2 and 3 of the drum to an
extent equalling the width of a single duct 5, such width increasing
progressively radially outwards as will be appreciated from the zone
bounded by the inner peripheral wall 2 on the inside to that bounded
by the outer peripheral wall 3 on the outside.
The radial edges of the partition walls 4 are flanged to provide
enlarged sealing faces as aforementioned, flanges 8 at the edges at 70
one face 6 of the drum being on the opposite sides of the partition
walls 4 to those flanges 9 at the other face 7 in such manner that
each complementary pair of flanges parallel with the axis of the drum
provides 75 a frame or seat for rectangular heat transfer elements,
such as those represented at 10 in Figure 2, such eaements having
fluid passages therein and also being disposed parallel to said axis
in one dimension and 80 radial to the drum in the other It will be
seen that each duct 5 contains a heat transfer element 10 which
extends between the radial partition walls 4 and occupies only a small
fraction of the cross-section of the duct 83 The rear or inside of the
sealing flanges 8 and 9 is conveniently grooved and the outer
cylindrical member 3 is slotted as at 11 on its periphery so that the
rectangular heat transfer elements 10 may be 90 slidden into position
and held there by a locking ring or in any other appropriate manner
until access is required for inspection or removal when one or more of
the desired elements 10 may be readily withdrawn 95 through the
peripheral slots 11 and replaced when necessary.
The complementary sealing members provided on the ducts 12 and 13 at
each face 6 and 7 of the matrix to isolate the respec 100 tive fluids
one from the other are also disposed radially and are indicated by the
numerals 14 and 15 respectively and it will be noted from Figure 1
that the surface outline of each member suitably conforms 105 to the
overall sectorial shape of two adjoining ducts 5.
Maximum transverse sealing area between the faces 6 and 7 of the drum
and the walls 16 and 17 separating the ducts 12 and 110 13 is thus
obtained without decreasing the cross-sectional area available for
flow as represented by the arrow 18 for one working fluid and the
arrow 19 for the other fluid.
In a modified arrangement of regenerator 115 the partition walls
separating adjoining ducts are of volute or spiral form and the
sealing members are correspondingly shaped substantially to coincide
therewith, and in any of the constructions described means may 120 be
furnished for submitting the heat transfer elements or accumulators
and for the duct walls to a blast of air or other fluid for cleaning
or other purposes.
One or more intermediate cylindrical 125 walls may also be furnished
and may be slotted to pass the heat transfer panels.
By the present invention improved and efficient arrangements of
regenerative heat exchanger are obtained which have a higher 130
785,43 M capacity and face area for a given size than those heretofore
in use.
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* GB785439 (A)
Description: GB785439 (A) ? 1957-10-30
Improvements in alkaline electric cells
Description of GB785439 (A)
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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data
and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in
particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,
up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.
PATENT SPECIFICATION
Date of Application and Filing Complete Specification: April 2, 1953.
Application made in Germany on April 5, 1952.
Complete Specification Published: Oct 30, 1957.
785,439 No 9284/531 Index at Acceptance-Class 53, BD( 8 j: 9 G: IOA:
12), b S(IA 16: 1 C 3: WD 3: 3 A 1: 53).
International Classification:-H Olm.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Alkaline Electric Cells.
1, HANS VOGT, of Erlau, near Passau, Germany, of German nationality,
do hereby declare the invention, for which I pray that a patent may be
granted to me, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be
particularly described in and by the following statement: -
The invention relates to improvements in or relating to alkaline
electric cells and to their method of operation.
According to recent known developments, alkaline electric cells are
preferably constructed in such a way that the electrodes are tightly
superposed, with separating layers, in the form of flat or spirally
wound packages The electrodes are in the form of thin sheets or foils
and the surfaces on which the active substances are deposited are
enlarged as much as possible by pores For example, alkaline electric
cells have been developed in which electrodes, that is to say, the
anode and the cathode, are formed of very thin porous sintered
skeletons which are combined in the form of thick flat or spirally
wound packages.
It has been found that the performance of such alkaline electric cells
can be improved by providing the cell in such manner that the oxygen
and the hydrogen, or portions thereof, evolved during the operation of
charging the cell, may be recombined to form water The recombination
of the hydrogen and the oxygen is effected by the catalytic action of
the surfaces of the 3 anodes and the cathode of the cell, the anodes
and the cathode being for this purpose provided at such a distance
apart that they can function as catalysts in the reaction.
According to the invention therefore, an alkaline electric cell is
provided which is formed of horizontally arranged superposed
electrodes, and particularly electrodes in the form of sheets or foils
of porous sintered material, the electrodes having a large active
surface area in relation to the electrode volume and accommodated in a
hermetically sealed pressure-resistant v>&sel, and separated from each
other by lyeresistant separators sandwiched between 50 the adjacent
active electrode surfaces and having a thickness of a fraction of a
millimeter, said separators being permeable for ions and for the
alkaline electrolyte which occupies substantially less than the total
55 empty space in the vessel, and said electrodes being held together,
whereby the gases developed on the surface of the electrodes when the
cell is overcharged or overdischarged with its normal charging current
6) are recombined between the electrodes by catalytic action of the
electrode surf aces under the gas pressure produced in the vessel in
the state of equilibrium.
In this arrangement, the combination of 65 the gas ions, owing to
their generation in close proximity takes place within short
distances, that is to say, in a very short period of time Thus the
quantity of gas which can be caused to combine in the unit 70 of time
is correspondingly large and consequently the development of gas in
the same unit of time can also be large This means that a secondary
cell according to the present invention can be charged with a rela 75
tively high charging current Thus it is possible to reduce the
charging time and to increase the period of time during which the cell
is available for service.
In tests carried out with a gas-tight closed 80 cell according to the
invention there was provided in the casing of the cell a space
amounting to at least 10 per cent of the total inner space of the
casing, which space was free from electrolyte and served as a 85
pressure cushion The rest of the internal space of the casing was
occupied by an electrode package consisting of a sintered anode foil,
a sintered cathode foil, and an interposed lye-resistant, finely
perforated, strip 90 785,439 of textile fabric serving as a separator
The internal space of the casing was tightly filed up by the layers
The casing was filled with electrolyte except for the gas space
forming the pressure cushion The mutually opposed surfaces of the
anodes and cathodes were separated from each other only by the
intermediate fabric layer and the distance between the two electrodes
accordingingly was about 0 2 mms An alaline cell constructed in this
way, and hayMng an electrical capacity of about 0 5 a H and owing to
its internal resistance of ( 0.1 Ohm/Ah permits discharging currents a
Sup to about 6 A at a voltage drop of about W that is to say, at a
voltage of 1 2 volts 0 2 = 1 08 volts The cell was subjected to a
continuous charging with a charging current of 0 1 A This produced a
rise of pressure in the casing of the cell of up to 20 atmospheres
excess pressure.
At this pressure a state of equilibrium exists between the quantity of
gas evolved and the quantity of gas returned into the lye by the
catalytic action of the electrodes, withcut any additional measures or
devices, zsuch as sporngy platinum or the like, being required The
cathode is formed in known manner of cadmium hydroxide as an active
mtass and as is well known, hydroaen is produced at the cathode in
case of excessave charging, which hydrogen, depending upon the
internal pressure of the casing, -i.-3 ii diffuse into the
electrolyte, more particularly into the water constituent thereof, )r
combine in the form of gas bubbles Which are forced through between
the tightly packed electrodes into the gas space above the electrolyte
In the same way, 407 hen overcharging the cell, oxygen is produced at
the anode having nickel hydroxide as an active substance, which oxygen
also either diffuses into the electrolyte or is forced into, the gas
collecting space, in the form of gas bubbles In view of the small
distance between the anode and cathode surfaces, which is moreover,
substantially filled up by the separator layer, small quantities or
movements of such gas bubQ bles are sufficient to cause the
combination of the gases required for the catalytic effect, as found
out by experiment, both on the anode and on the cathode, resulting
under action of the high internal pressure in the casing, in the
reconversion of hydrogen and oxygen into water The gas collecting
space -in an alkaline cell according to the invention serves merely
to, regulate the pressure, and the attainable effect of catalytic
reconversion of the gas depends upon the existence of -the pressure
cushion thus created, In the accompanying drawing an embodiment of the
invention is shown by way of illustration.
The electrodes are in the form of annular discs 9, constituting the
anodes, the annular discs 10, constituting the cathodes.
The anode plates 9 have an outer diameter which is smaller than the
inner dia-70 meter of the casing and they are fixedly seated on the
central contact bar 11 by their central bore The cathode discs 10 are
tightly fitted in the casing 2, so as to be in tight engagement and
electrical con-75 tact with the inner wall of the casing, while their
central bore is larger than the diameter of the contact bar 11
Interposed between the tightly packed anode and cathode discs are
separators in the form of thin in-80 sulating layers 12, the
electrodes and layers being held together as a pack by contact of the
discs 12 with the casing 2.
It is also contemplated to fit the anode in the casing in the charged
condition while 85 the cathode is fitted in the uncharged condition,
whereby oxygen is evolved soon after the beginning of the charging
process owing to overcharging of the anode Thus the excess of hydrogen
which is detrimental 90 to the catalysis is avoided.
The free space within the casing is filled up with electrolyte (lye)
to such an extent that a gas collecting space 3 is left to form a
pressure cushion for influencing the cata 95 lysis at the electrode
surfaces Owing to the small volume of the space 3 the pressure wi U
rise quickly when overcharging the cell and the catalytic action is
thereby quickly adapted to the evolved quantity of 100 gas, the
surface effect at the electrodes being utilized for the catalysis The
closure of the casing 2 is formed by the cover 4, which is
advantageously of substance marketed and sold under the Registered
Trade Mark 105 " Plexiglass," and which is forced into the casing 2
with a pressure exceeding the specified admissible pressure of the
casing so as to resist the pressure occurring in the operation of the
cell A bore 5 in the cover 110 4 enables the casing to be filled with
electrolyte after the assembly, or to change the electrolyte after a
long period of use The attainable catalytic effect, more particularly
in case of a rapid production of gas, 115 depends upon the proportion
of the gases, that is to say, upon the ratio of oxygen and hydrogen It
has been found that the production of hydrogen at the cathode of the
element will begin earlier than the produc 120 tion of oxygen at the
anode when a cell according to the invention is first put into
operation Owing to the fact that the gases are Rot present in their
equi-molecular proportions, but in a ratio of 5: 1 or even more 125
between hydrogen and oxygen, the catalysis intended to control the
internal pressure of the casing will occur only to a small extent or
not at all The disproportionate mixture of hydrogen and oxygen
existing in the 13 - 8,3 gas collecting space 3 after starting
operation of the element, that is to say, after the charging has been
in progress for some time, may be blown off, so that the catalysis
becomes fully effective owing to the proper gas proportion thus
produced (production of oxyhydrogen or detonating gas).
The closure screw 6 for the cover opening also serves as one pole of
the cell, while the other connection (cathode) is formed by engagement
of the cathode discs 10 with the inner wall of the casing 2 When
tightening the closure screw 6, the conical packing surface is pressed
against the outer edge of the cover bore, which may be bevelled
accordingly An additional seal for the opening 5 is formed by the
flanged portion 8 of the nut member 7 of the closure device engaging
the underside of the cover :204 of the casing.
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* GB785440 (A)
Description: GB785440 (A) ? 1957-10-30
Steam turbine lubricant
Description of GB785440 (A)
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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data
and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in
particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,
up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.
PATENT
=; W t 1 1 SPECIFICATION
Inventor: HANS CHRISTIAN HENRY JENSEN 785,440 Date of filing Complete
Specification: Nov 16, 1954,
Application Date: Dec 9, 1953.
No 34266/53.
Complete Specification Published: Oct 30, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Class 91, F( 1: 4).
International Classification:-Cl Om.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Steam Turbine Lubricant ERRATUM SPECIFICATION NO 785,440
Page 1, line 1, after owe x insert w Esso Research and fornierlyw 1 Es
esaela Engineering Company, THE PATENT OFFICE, :8th g Vovember, 195 '7
DB 00801/2 ( 7)/3603 150 11/57 R lb trom iormnig btauu,, water.
The steam turbine is an increasingly popular prime mover and is
particularly useful for marine propulsion The lubrication of the steam
turbine however presents a number of problems The turbine itself has a
very high speed and therefore there must be associated with it a
reduction gear-box to reduce the number of revolutions per minute
transmitted to the propeller.
The lubricant in a steam turbine circulates through the system and
during circulation inevitably comes in contact with water In the
system it is normal to have a separator to separate any entrained
water, and it is essential that the lubricant frees itself of all
entrained water in this separator The separator is usually either a
filter, a centrifuge or a separating drum.
Generally speaking, since the lubricant has to be circulating in the
system for a considerable length of time it is necessary for it to
contain various additives These additives are required in order to
reduce the oxidation tendencies of the oil under the high temperature
oxidation conditions to impart to the lubricating oil properties that
will result in the metal surfaces with which it is in contact being
resistant to corrosion, to reduce its tendency to foam and to increase
its ability to lubricate L Price 3 s 6 d l gether with less than b
-/o, S 5 wii Lc Ii L _ emulsification of the lubricant with water, of
Turkey red oil.
The preferred compound of Turkey Red Oil is in the range of 0,001 to 0
2 %; the proportions in excess of 2 % should be observed with care
since in these cases the sulphonated fatty oil may in fact promote
emulsion formation All percentages in this specification and claims
are by weight.
To determine the proportion of Turkey Red Oil to be used, all that is
required is that the turbine oil and the Turkey red oil should be
agitated with water and the separation of the resulting emulsions
should be noted.
Turkey-red oil may be and commonly is partially or completely
neutralised with ammonia and converted to the alkali metal salt, e g
the sodium or potassium, or the ammonium salt.
The efficacy of this invention is manifest from the accompanying
table, wherein the effect of 1 % of Turkey-red oil is given on 4
turbine oil compositions: RESULTS OF LABORATORY DEMULSIBILITY TESTS.
Test Procedure.
ml of tap water and 180 ml test oil are emulsified in a sunbeam
Mixmaster for 10 minutes at max R P M The emulsion formed -t 8 s
PATENT SPECIFICATION
Inventor: HANS CHRISTIAN HENRY JENSEN 785,440 Date of filing Complete
Specification: Nov 16, 1954.
Application Date: Dec 9, 1953.
Complete Specification Published: Oct 30, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Class 91, F( 1: 4).
International Classification:-Cl Om.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Steam Turbine Lubricant We, STANDARD OIL DEVELOPMENT COMPANY, a
Corporation duly organised and existing under the laws of the State of
Delaware, United States of America, of Elizabeth, New Jersey, United
States of America, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray
that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to
be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following
statement: -
This invention relates to new and improved lubricants particularly
adapted for the lubrication of steam turbines The lubricants of this
invention are characterised by their freedom from forming stable
emulsions on agitation with water.
The steam turbine is an increasingly popular prime mover and is
particularly useful for marine propulsion The lubrication of the steam
turbine however presents a number of problems The turbine itself has a
very high speed and therefore there must be associated with it a
reduction gear-box to reduce the number of revolutions per minute
transmitted to the propeller.
The lubricant in a steam turbine circulates through the system and
during circulation inevitably comes in contact with water In the
system it is normal to have a separator to separate any entrained
water, and it is essential that the lubricant frees itself of all
entrained water in this separator The separator is usually either a
filter, a centrifuge or a separating drum.
Generally speaking, since the lubricant has to be circulating in the
system for a considerable length of time it is necessary for it to
contain various additives These additives are required in order to
reduce the oxidation tendencies of the oil under the high temperature
oxidation conditions to impart to the lubricating oil properties that
will result in the metal surfaces with which it is in contact being
resistant to corrosion, to reduce its tendency to foam and to increase
its ability to lubricate lPrice 3 s 6 d l highly loaded gears and
bearings.
A disadvantage of these additives is that generally speaking, whereas
they fulfil their prime function satisfactorily, they tend to incite
the lubricant to form emulsions in the presence of water These
emulsions are sometimes very intractable and result-in the separating
system functioning imperfectly As a result water can circulate in the
system and considerable damage can be done, and in some cases the
separator clogs and the system suffers from oil starvation.
This invention comprises a lubricating oil composition adapted to
lubricate steam turbines comprising a mineral lubricating oil and an
oxidation inhibitor as hereinafter defined together with less than 5
%, sufficient to reduce emulsification of the lubricant with water, of
Turkey red oil.
The preferred compound of Turkey Red Oil is in the range of O 001 to 0
2 %; the proportions in excess of 2 % should be observed with care
since in these cases the sulphonated fatty oil may in fact promote
emulsion formation All percentages in this specification and claims
are by weight.
To determine the proportion of Turkey Red Oil to be used, all that is
required is that the turbine oil and the Turkey red oil should be
agitated with water and the separation of the resulting emulsions
should be noted.
Turkey-red oil may be and commonly is partially or completely
neutralised with ammonia and converted to the alkali metal salt, e g
the sodium or potassium, or the ammonium salt.
The efficacy of this invention is manifest from the accompanying
table, wherein the effect of 1 % of Turkey-red oil is given on 4
turbine oil compositions: RESULTS OF LABORATORY DEMULSIBILITY TESTS.
Test Procedure.
ml of tap water and 180 ml test oil are emulsified in a sunbeam
Mixmaster for 10 minutes at max R P M The emulsion formed No 34266153.
is centrifuged in a Gallenkamp centrifuge for minutes at max speed
corresponding to Test Oil Type Base Oil 1000 g All operations are
carried out at room temperature.
Additives Amount of Sludge A E P Turbine Solvent 0 4 % 2,4-di t butyl
p cresol.
Oil extracted 0 1 % polyethylene 2 glycol 400 distillate
di-tri-ricinoleate Considerable.
Oil 0 05 % Proprietary rust S S U preventive at 2100 F, 0 001 %
silicone antifoam agent.
2 % Tributyl phosphate.
1.2 % isopropyl oleate.
B A+ 0 1 % T.R O ( 1),,,, None.
C E P Turbine Solvent 0 4 % 2, 4, di t butyl p cresol.
Oil extracted 0 05 % polyethylene glycol distillate di-tri-ricinoleate
Considerable.
oil 1 % hexachlorocyclohexane.
S S U.
at 2100 F.
D C+ 0 1 % T.R O,,,, None.
( 1) Turkey-red oil.
( 2) The diester of polyethylene glycol of about 400 molecular weight
and the trimer of ricinoleic acid.
It will be seen that whereas with each of the 2 typical turbine oils
tested a considerable sludgy emulsion of doughy consistency was formed
on the interface between the oil and water layers, with the use of
Turkey-red oil this emulsion was eradicated.
The base oil with which this invention is concerned can be any
conventionally used mineral oil adapted for the lubrication of steam
turbines.
The oxidation inhibitor is herein defined as a phenol or substituted
phenol or amine or organic sulphur containing compound The organic
sulphur compound is not a sulphate, sulphonic acid or derivative
thereof It is particularly preferred to use alkylated cresols for
example 2, 4-di t butyl p cresol Rust preventative additives may be
included in the composition The compositions of the present invention
do not contain unsulphonated or unsulphonated fatty acids, sulphonated
naphthenes or a sulphur compound made by heating a fatty oil, fatty
acid or wax to a temperature of 1700 to 200 ' C with flowers of
sulphur until at least 10 % of sulphur by weight on the weight of the
fatty oil, fatty acid or wax has become chemically combined therewith
and treating the product with further flowers of sulphur at a lower
temperature until at least a further 10 % of sulphur by weight on the
weight of the fatty oil, fatty acid or wax has dissolved therein.
Subject to the foregoing disclaimer, what we
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* GB785441 (A)
Description: GB785441 (A) ? 1957-10-30
Improvements in or relating to multi-channel magnetic recording and
reproducing apparatus
Description of GB785441 (A)
PATENT SPECIFICATION
Inventojs: FREDERICK CLARK, EDGAR PLEWS A'PPLEBY, 'CHARLES REGINALD
CLABER land WILLIAM CHARLES NEWMAN 785441 Date of Application and
filing Complete Specification: Dec 22, 1953.
No 35622/53.
Complete Specification Published: Oct 30, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Classes 40 ( 2), D 3 (A 2: GIA; GIE); and 40 (
4), G 24 (A 4 B: X).
International Classification:-GI O j H 04 b.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements in or relating to Multi-Channel Magnetic Recording and
Reproducing Apparatus We, THERMIONIC 'PRODUCTS LIMITED, a British
Company of 'Hythe, Southampton, Hampshire, do hereby declare the
invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, iand
the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly
described in and by the following statement: -
This invention relates to' multi-channel maggnetic recording jand
reproducing apparatus of the kind, in which several separate single or
two-way speech or other intelligence channels are recorded on a
commonl magnetic tape for reproduction when desired and is
particularly, although not exclusively, concerned with such apparatus
for use at airports for recording and reproducing conversations
between the ground control staff and the pilots or members of the crew
of aircraft.
The object of the invention is to provide an improved form of
apparatus of the kind referred to having facilities for recording over
long periods without manual attention Other objects of the invention
include the provision of means enabling the recording capacity of the
apparatus to be increased in a simple manler without prejudice to the
reliability of the complete equipment.
According to the present invention, multichannel magnetic
recording;apparatus cornPrises two or more recording units and means
arranged to operate automatically when, a given recording unit is
approaching, or has reached the limit of its, recording capacity, to
signal the other recording un Its in succession, where more than two
such units are provided, and to bring into operation the first unit so
signalled which is available for recording and if no unit is
available, to initiate an alarm, or, where only two such units 'are
provided, to bring the other unit into operation or initiate an alarm
if such other unit is not available for fecording.
1 Prico In a modification of apparatus according to the invention,
means are provided to signal the other recording units at;any time
during the operation of said given unit, should driving means for the
record tape cease to function normn ally or fail from any cause, such
as an electrical or mechanical failure.
Visual or audible warning devices, or both, are preferably provided to
cover various contingencies, for example tape breaking, bias failure,
power supply failure, or that the apparatus is in the correct position
to operate and also if the apparatus is not correctly loaded, this
fact is indicated to.
warn the operator that attention is required.
Emergency signalling is provided when the apparatus requires immediate
attention.
One form of apparatus constructed and arranged to operate in
accordance with the invention will now be described in greater detail
by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in
which:Fig 1 is a front view illustrating the cornpact assembly of
three recording units and a reproducing or play-back unit, Figs 2 'A,
2 B and 2 'C show diagrammatically the recording tape loaded for
recording, play-back and winding respectively.
Figs 3 and 4 respectively are circuit diagrams of a master bay and a
subsidiary bay drawn with the relay and key'contacts inserted in the
appropriate circuits which they control to enable the operation' of
the circuits to be traced more readily, and, Fig 5 is a functional
circuit diagram of 'a play-back bay.
Before referring in detail to the drawings, it is convenient first of
all to state that the equipment is capable of recording any number of
channels up to fourteen and, although in the particular example to, be
described, three recording units will be referred to, it will be 2 7 g
5,441 understood that more than three may be used depending upon
requirements Again, the invention may be applied to two recording
units as will be seen from the subsequent description.
Each recording unit is provided with a m:agnetic tape record having a
width of O 7 of an inch and a length of 4,650 feet It is driven at a
speed which renders it capable of recording for four hours and it will
be seen that several recording units assembled together can provide
very long recording times.
As will be described in greater detail later, each recording bay is
provided with a control panel which enables the equipment to function
in a manner simulating a closed loop, that is to say, when any bay is
approaching or has reached the limit of its recording capacity, the
control panel circuit operates automatically to start un the next bay
which is in functioning order Thus, in the case of three recording
bays, when, say, the first bay comes to the end of its recording
capacity, the second bay will be started if it is in order If it is
not, the third bay will be started and at ithe end of -25 the third
bay, the first will be started if it is in order, but if it is not in
order, the second bay will be started and so on.
In applying a feature of the invention, it is arranged that if the
tape transport deck on an operating bay ceases to function due to
electrical or mechanical failure, for example, reduced tape speed,
tape breakage or maladjustment of certain items associated with the
tape driving arrangements, these contingencies are Signalled to
another bay as already indicated in the case of normal completion of
recording.
The composition of the various panels from which the recording and
play-back bays are built up conforms in general to normal practice in,
accordance with the functions each panel is to perform and it will 'be
unnecessary to described in: detail the components and circuit
connections of all the panels It will however be necessary to
described the composition of certain panels in detail.
Referring to Fig 1 of the drawings each of the bays MRC, i SRC 1, SRC
2 and PB conssts of a mntal frarrework about 6 feet high provided with
racks to receive panels lit feet wide upon which the components are
carried.
Enclosing walls and doors, not shown, are provided to form a cabinet
structure The master record bay MRC comprises several panels, the
first of which is 'a jack input panel 1 containing 14 sockets to
receive the individual jacks identified with the channels to be
recorded The second and third panels 2 and 3 each carries a tray of
amplifiers, each tray accommodating four' dual amplifiers thus
providing a total of 16 individual amplifiers in all, that is to say,
one for each of the fourteen channels and two spare amplifiers.
The fourth panel 4 is the level and monitor panel comprising a valve
voltmeter with filter networks and a connecting jack and key This
panel provides for measurement of the audio gain level to each
recording head by plugging into the desired jack on the monitor jack
panel to be referred to The panel 4 also provides for measurement of
the HF bias level to each 70 recording head and measurement of the
incoming audio level at the input panel 1.
Headphones may also be used for monitoring the signal applied to each
recording head and the signal applied to each recording amplifier 75
at line level The circuit to be measured is connected to the level and
monitor unit by a flexible lead and the necessary switching to
separate the signal from the HF bias is provided by a three position
locking key mounted 80 on the panel The equipment is preferably
monitored to ensure that all signals are at approximately the same
level.
Panel 5 is the record control panel which carries various indicating
lamps, relays and a 85 start/reset key, the main function of this
panel being to bring all signalling and control circuits to one point.
Panel 6 is the monitor jack panel already mentioned and provides
facilities for monitor 90 ing the signals to be recorded and the HF
bias The panel has mounted on it 10 ohm resistors individually
connected in series with the recording heads to facilitate current
measurement and the recording head feed net 95 work for the bias and
signal input is also mounted on this panel.
The Panel 7 constitutes the tape transport deck and has mounted upon
it the tape supXply and take-up spools S'S and TS respec 100 tively
these spools being represented diagrammatically on an enlarged scale
in Figs 2 A, 2 B and 2 C to be referred to later Briefly, it may here
be stated that the function of the tape transport deck is to draw the
tape from the 105 supply spool SS, pass it at a steady speed of 34
inches par saccnd ever the recording heads contained in a block RH and
to wind the used tape on to the take-up spool TS when switched for
recording or playing-back When 110 the supply and, take-up spools are
assembled on the play-back bay, the tape may be spooled at high speed
from one spool to the other to rewind the tape at the end of a
recording or to select a particular part of the tape for play 115 back
In this latter case, the tape is withdrawn from the heads to avoid
unnecessary wear.
The recording head block may conveniently embody the features
described in the specification of the present applicants' Patent No
120 695,150 It consists of a base plate on which are mounted guides
for the record tape, a head plate and a connecting plug Each recording
head is in fact a dual head comprising a pair of heads spaced 292 of
an inch apart and 125 seven such heads are mounted with the pole tips
protruding through slots in the head plate.
These slots are staggered in such a way that the drag on the tape does
not cause it to move sideways The tape guides are carefully 130
785,441 755; 4 '41 3 aligned with respect to the slots to ensure
accurate tracking of the tape:as between head blocks The recorded
Wrack width is 030 of an inch and the free space between individual
tracks is 016 of an' inch.
The panel '8 carries fuses associated with the components requiring,
fuse protection and the panel 9 carries a power supply unit providing
current as required by the several panels Conveniently, the bias unit
for the supply of HF bias to the recording heads may be carried by the
power supply panel 9.
The subsidiary record bay SIRC 1 is provided with a time clock panel
10 and, but for the omission of the jack input panel, level and
monitor and amplifier p:anels already provided on the main record bay
MRC, otherwise resemnblin g the latter bay.
the time clock unit consists of three main sections, namely a
chronometer which is spring drivenl 'but electrically wound, a motor
driven cam mechanism and a self contained 1000 cycles per second
oscillator The chronometer, cam mechanism and oscillator cooperate to
provide la series of coded signal pulses which can be recorded
simultaneously with the speech on any desired channel and the signals
so recorded facilitate accurate location of the lactual time at which
any recording is made.
The subsidiary record bay SSRC 2 is provided with a record control
panel 5, monitor jack panel 6, transport deck panel i 7 and fuse panel
8.
The play-back bay PB has a loud speaker panel '11, a play-back
amplifier panel 12, carrying two separate amplifiers a, play-back
control panel 13 and a tape transport deck, fuse panel and power
supply panel corresponding >,with these items in the recording bays.
The loudspeaker panel '11 carries two loudspeakers and two monitoring
jacks which enable monitoring to be} effectedl by loudspeakers, by
headphones with loudspeakers disconnected, or by both headphones, and
loudspeakers.
The play-back amplifier panel is provided with dual selector switches
to allow any two channels to be selected and independent volume
controls for varying the volume of each of selected channel The
reproducing heads carried in a block similar to the recording head
block RH, are connected to the play-back amplifier 'by plug and socket
connections.
The play-back control unit is 'fitted with a contact key, the setting
of which determines whether the play-back bay is conditioned for spool
winding or playing When in the winding condition, a variable
potentiometer serves to;control the direction and speed of winding the
tape in either direction, and when the 'contact key is set for
play-back, the potentiometer is inoperative Three lamps are provided
on the play-back control panel and one of these lamps is arranged to
fight up ion fuse failure.
'Another lights up when the contact key is in the " Play " position
and the reproducer head gate is closed to 'indicate correct conditions
for play-back and the third lamp lights up when the contact 'key is in
the " Wind" position and the reproducer head gate is open 'to 70
indicate the winding condition Relays, conditioned by the contact key,
serve to control the circuits of the playmback and wind indicating
lamps The play-back control unit will be described later in greater
detail with refer 75 en'ce to Fig 5.
Referring now to Figs 2 A, 2 B and 2 C, there are shown in addition
'to the supply and take-up spools S'S and TS respectively, a diverter
pulley 1 '8, a top idler pulley 19, a drive 80 capstan 20, a pinch
wheel 21, a bottom idler pulley 22, to which is pivoted a limit switch
operating lever 23, and a "five minute" contactor 24.
Fig 2 A shows the tape loaded for recording 85 and it will be seen
that the tape T passes from the supply spool Si S round the diverter
pulley 1 '8, over the top idler pulley '19, through the recording head
R'H and between the drive 'capstan 20 and pinch wheel 21, round the
bottom 90 idler pulley 22, over the limit switch lever 23 and thence
to the take-up reel TS.
In the play-back position shown in Fig 2 B, the tape passes direct
from the supply reel ISS to the top idler pulley 19 ' and does not
engage 95 the diverter pulley 18 Thereafter, the tape loading is as in
the recording position.
In the re-wind position shown in Fig 2 C the tape again passes direct
from the supply spool SS toi the top I idler pulley 19 and 100 thence
through the recording head RH, but the gate formed by the pinch wheel
21 and capstan 20 is open to allow the tape to pass freely to the
bottom idler pulley limit switch lever 23 and take-up spool TS 105 The
supply and take-up spools are secured to their hubs, by clamping
plates and their shafts are driven through flexible couplings by
separate 230 volts induction motors designied to produce steadily
increasing torque as, the 110 speed falls in order to give reasonably
constant tape tension and tape speed when spooling Felt lined band
brakes are applied to brake drums keyed to the shafts and are arranged
to be operated automatically to avoid 115 a loop of tape forming when
the transport deck is stopped The brake bands are normally held in the
on " position by springs to ensure that the deck stops in the event of
a power failure and are pulled to the "off" Position 120 by a
solenoid, SN 2 (Figs 4 and 5) The operation of the solenoid initially
draws a heavy current from a 24 volt D C supply but the current is
automatically reduced to a sufficient value to hold by switching in a
resis 125 tance R 1 by a switch 54 which is opened by the solenoid,SN
2 in its fully operated position.
Spooling is controlled by the relative voltages applied 'to the
separate drive motors via a potentiometer in the play-back control
unit 130 78 'S,'441 3 ' The maximum winding speed is achieved when one
motor is supplied with 230 volts and the other with 80 volts to give
back tension and the time taken to complete the spooling of the full
length of tape is then approximately five minutes During recording or
play-back the take-up spool driving motor is supplied with 170 volts
through a resistance and the supply spool driving motor is supplied
with 110 volts through a resistance The motors are connected to pull
in opposition to each other and the direction of run of the tape is
thus governed by the relative voltages applied to the motors.
The tape driving capstan 20, which is provided with a rubber face, is
driven at a speed of 57 6 r p m by a 750 r p m, 50 cycles per second
synchronous motor through a two stage reduction drive using belts and
pulleys A mounting plate for the motor also accommodates a cork lined
band brake and a brake operating solenoid SNI (Figs 4 and 5) which is
connected in parallel with the spool brake controlling solenoid SN 2
The capstan drive brake ensures rapid stopping of the tape when
required during recording or play-back and a low instantaneous speed
variation is achieved by the use of a substantial flywheel on the
motor shaft and the selection of a belt of uniform thickness and
polished driving face Provision is made for adjustment of the belt
tension.
As already described in connection with Figs, 2 A and 2 B, the tape is
held, in contact with the capstan by the pinch wheel 21 which applies
a force of 22 pounds In applying:a feature of the invention, the
operation of the pivoted arm 25 which carries the pinch wheel 21, is
accompanied by application of lightly spring loaded pressure pads to
maintain the tape in intimate contact with the recording heads
Simultaneously, a switch HG (Figs 3 and 4) hereinafter referred to as
the headgate switch is actuated to produce an indication from the
control circuit that this action has been taken The provision of the
switch referred to ensures that winding cannot take place with the
pinch wheel and:
pressure pads applied and also ensures that running for recording or
play-back cannot commence unless the pinch wheel and pressure pads are
applied.
A tachometer, not shown, is provided on each bay to assist location of
a particular recording on the tape during play-back The tachometer
reading is noted at the commencement of recording and reference to the
same reading on the play-back tachometer identifies the passage being
played back.
The tachometer is driven by the top idler pulley and the diameter of
the latter is held to a close tolerance so that it gives an accurate
indication of the length of tape that has passed and, therefore of the
recording time which has elapsed Two indicating fingers are provided,
a large finger indicating minutes on a 60 minute dial and a small
finger indicating hours on a 24 hour dial The indicating fingers are
set by a knurled knob at the centre of the dial.
Referring now to the " five minute " con 70 tactor 24, this consists
of a brass pillar divided, into two parts insulated from one another
and from the panel A contact strip dimensioned to bridge the two parts
of the brass pillar is attached to the back of the tape approximately
75 five minutes recording time from each end.
When recording, the tape is passed round the diverter pulley 18 which
is so positioned relative to the contactor 24 that the tape does not
touch the latter until sufficient tape for only 80 minutes recording
remains on the supply spool, thus ensuring that the contact strip
placed five minutes recording time from the end of the spool is
ineffective When the contact strip near the end of the spool bridges
85 the two parts of the brass pillar, it causes 24 volts to be applied
to a relay in the control circuit which causes the tape transport deck
of the next recording bay to commence running If from any cause the
next transport 90 deck is not in condition to run, the next succeeding
recording bay is signalled and the transport deck of that bay is
brought into operation It will be seen from the subsequent description
that the searching operation for an 95 operating bay is continued from
one bay to another and if no bay is available a visual and/or an aural
alarm is produced.
A switch, which will be referred to as the velocity switch indicated
at VS in Figs 3 and 100 4 is a rotary switch driven by the bottom
idler pulley 22 and at normal running speed serves to transmit eight
pulses per revolution to a relay in the record control circuit
Conveniently, the pulses generated by the velocity 105 switch may be
used to bias a circuit controlling the operation of the relay referred
to, the bias being removed, on cessation of generation of the pulses
Should the speed, of the idler pulley fall below approximately half
the normal 110 speed due to any cause, the frequency of the pulses
generated by the velocity switch will fall below that necessary to
maintain the bias and a circuit controlled by the relay will operate
to start another transport deck or to ini 115 tiate an alarm The same
results will be produced if the' idler pulley stops due, for example,
to failure of the capstan drive motor or to the spool having finished
in either of which cases no pulses will be generated When the tape 120
transport deck from a recording bay is being used in a play-back bay,
the velocity switch is inoperative.
The switch already referred, to as the limit switch and shown in Figs
3 and 4 at 55 is 125 operated by the lever 23 pivoted about the bottom
idler pulley, the lever being held off the contacts by the tape
against the tension of a spring In' a recording bay, if the limit
switch contacts are closed the switch indicates 130 7855,441 785,44 i
to the control unit that the deck is not ready for operation In a
play-back bay, the limit switch serves to stop the transport deck at
the end of a spool.
An override switch, indicated at 51 in Figs.
3, 4 and 5 is provided on each bay to control the application of 230
volts AC direct to the motor circuits and, 24 volts DC direct to the
brake controlling solenoids already menl O tioned The override switch
thus enables the transport deck to be run in the event of a failure in
the record control unit or for test purposes.
Referring now to Figs 3 and 4: of the drawings, a key KS is mounted on
the record control panel of each record bay and in' order to start up
the transport deck of a record bay the key KS is operated to the start
position in which contacts 'S 1 and 2 close and a 24 1 volt start
pulse is applied from 24 volts DC, contacts H 1 P 23 and 24 operated,
normally made contacts El, 2, key contacts K 51 and 2 operated,
normally made relay contacts M 3 and M 4, normally made relay contacts
A 23 and 24, resistor R 6 to the right-hand grid 'of valve V 1 The
cathode voltage of this valve is normally such that with the grid at
negative potential the valve is biased from the 6 volt DC power supply
to give an anode current of jless than one milliamp When the start
pulse is applied to the right-hand grid of the valve as above
described, the anode current increases to 10 milliamps and the relay A
operates from the right-hand anode of valve V 1, winding of relay A,
fuse F 4, contacts CP 27 and 28 operated, to 300 volts DC.
Upon operation of the relay A normally made contacts A 23 and 24 open
to disconnect the right-hand grid from the start pulse line so that
any further operation of the start key KS' will not affect the
operation of the unit.
Simultaneously the normally made contacts A 3 and 4 are openedl
thereby opening the circuit of the attention; lamp, LPA and contacts A
5 and 6 are made, thereby causing relay M to operate from 24 volts DC,
operated contacts A 5 and, 6, winding of relay 'M, normally made key
contacts K 24 and' 25, to earth Relay i M locks over its own contacts
M 25 and 26 to 24 volts DC, do that when relay A releases, as will
hereinafter be described, the attention lamp LPA will light from 24
volts DC, normally made contacts A 3 and' 4, operated contacts M 27
and' 28, lamp LP 2 to earth Contacts A 27 and 2 '8 also close to
supply bias to the emergency section of valve V 1 from a 20 X C output
of the main bias oscillator BO 1 over the operated contacts CP 7 and
8, 'or from a 20 KC output of the auxiliary bias oscillator IB 02 over
normally made contacts C Pl and 2, resistor RS, normally made contacts
T 21, 22, operated contacts A 27 and 28, capacitor Cl, resistor R 1,
to the emergency (left-hand) grid of valve V 1, thereby resulting in a
flow of current in the left-hand' anode circuit of the valve to
operate relay E from the left-hand anode of valve V 1, winding of
relay E, fuse F 4, contacts CP 27 and 28 ' operated to 300 volts DC
Relay E in operating opens contacts E 23 and 24 to disconnect the
emergency lamp L'PE A 70 unit running lamp LPR is energised by opera'
tion of the relay contacts A 7 and '8 which also causes relay S on the
fuse panel to operate.
Relay S in operating makes contacts 527 and 2 '8 which connect 230
volt AC to the caps 75 tan, supply and take-up motors 201 M, SSM and
TSM respectively of the tape transport deck, and makes contacts 57
and:8 to operate relay RLB from 24 volts DC, contacts S 7 and 8
operated, winding relay RLB, to earth Re 80 lay R'LB over its operated
contacts 23 and 24 closes a circuit from 24 volts, DC, contacts RLB
23; and 24 operated;, solenoids; SNI and SN 2 in parallel to earth:,
and the solenoids operate to' remove the brakes from the tape 85
spools and capstan motor in the manner already described
Simultaneously, operation of the contacts 5 ' and 6 or relay S prepare
a circuit for starting the next tape transport deck if the relay A of
the one in, operation releases 90 due to stopping or slowing down of
the velocity switch, VS or the release of any one of the fuse alarm
relays B, R, C or H, the circuit being from 24 volts DC, operated
contacts 55 and 6, contacts Al and 2 (released'), through 95 an
outgoing pulse line P 10 normally made contacts M 3 and, 4 and A 23
and 24 of the next deck to the grid of valve V 1 of the next deck.
Operation of relay S also closes contacts 525 100 and 26 to close a
circuit from the velocity switch, operated' contacts 525 and 26,
winding of relay V to earth, so that while the velocity switch rotates
relay V is alternately operated and released in the following man 105
ner: as already stated while the itape transport deck is running the
velocity' switch VS is rotated by the tape passing over the lower
idler pulley 22 and the velocity switch thus applies a series of 24
volt pulses to relay V 110 which operates and releases as each pulse
is received When, relay V is in the non-operated position contacts V 3
and V 5 are made and capacitor C 5 ' thus receives a charge at the
same time as relay V is energised by a 24 volt 115.
pulse from the velocity switch VS When relay V operates in response to
a pulse from the velocity switch it closes contacts V 1 and) V 3 and
the charge from the capacitor C 5 is applied to the right-hand grid of
valve V 1, 120 thereby driving the grid positive and so long as the
velocity switch rotates the right-hand grid of valve V 1 will receive
a series of positive charges from the capacitor 'C 5 and a steady
anode current of about 12 milliamps 125 will be drawn from the H T
supply to maintain' the relay A operated' Capacitors' C 3 and C 4 act
as storage capacitors on the valve grid and maintain it positive
during the release time of relay V when the grid circuit is disconnec
13 Q do 785,44 i ted at V 1 from the capacitor C 5.
When the velocity switch ceases to rotateif the tape transport deck
stops for any reason-the positive charges to the right-hand grid of
the valve V 1 will cease and the grid potential will decay and when
the anode current falls to approximately 3 milliamps relay A releases
Upon release of relay A contacts A 3 and 4 close to cause the
attention lamp LP 2 to light from 24 volt DC made contacts A 3 and 4,
operated contacts M 27 and 28 lamp LP 2 to earth, the relay M being
held operated from 24 volts DC, operated contacts M 25 and 26,
normally made contacts K 524 and 25 to earth Release of the relay A
also opens contacts A 7 and 8 to disconnect the circuit of the unit
running lamp LP 3 and the relay S which thus releases and at contacts
527 and 28 disoonnects the AC supply to the motors of the tape
transport deck and at contacts 57 and 8 disconnects the 24 volt DC
supply to the brake solenoids SN 1 and SN 2 which release and apply
the brakes to stop the spooling mechanism.
Where further transport decks are available the stopping of the deck
in operation auto-matically starts another unit This is achieved in
the following manner: the release time of relay S is about 30
milliseconds and during this time the contacts 55 and 6 are made, and
through the made contacts Al and 2 of relay A (released) cause a 24
volt pulse to be applied for about 30 milliseconds to the out-going
pulse line Pl O to the next tape transport deck.
If the next tape transport deck is correctly loaded and the attention
lamp LPA thereof is not energised, said 30 millisecond pulse will be
transmitted via the pulse line P 10, normally made contacts M 3 and 4,
normally made contacts A 23 and 24, resistor R 6 of the next transport
deck to the right-hand grid of the control valve V 1 of the said next
deck, which valve will then be pulsed in the same manner as that
already described and the next transport deck will be started up If
the said next tape transport deck is not ready for operation, its
relay M will b e operated either through the headgate switch HG or the
limit switch 55, and the attention lamp LPA energised.
The operated contacts M 3 and 4 will thus epen the circuit from the
pulse line P 10 to the righthand grid of the valve V 1 of the next
deck so that no pulse will be received on the grid of the valve and
the pulse over the pulse line Pl will be transmitted over made
contacts M 5 and 6 and A 21 and 22 to pulse line P 11 which is
connected to further tape transport decks Thus in the event that the
immediately succeeding tape transport deck is not ready for operation,
the pulse over pulse line P 1 O by-passes the deck and is transmitted
over pulse line P 11 to further decks to search for a tape transport
deck which is ready to accept the signal.
In order to provide the " closed loop" effect the interbay connections
are such that a succession of pulse lines P 10 connect the first
record control panel on the first bay to the second record control
panel on the second bay, and so on to the last record control panel 70
which is then connected over the pulse line PI 1 l back to the first
record control panel, the contacts M 5, 6 and A 21, 22 (Fig 3) of the
first record control panel completing the "loop " 75 A pulse is also
applied over the pulse line P 10 or over a succession of pulse lines
as above described, to search for and start up a further transport
deck when the five minute contact strip on the tape bridges the two
con 80 tacts of the five minute contactor 24.
A circuit is then made from 24 V, relay contacts RLB 13, 24 operated,
bridged contacts of contactor 24, winding of relay T, normally made
contacts K 54, 5 to 85 earth Relay T operates and locks up over its
contacts T 217, 28 and during operation thereof a pulse is applied
over pulse line P 10 from 24 V, relay contacts RLB 23, 24 operated,
bridged contacts of contactor 24, normally 90 made relay contacts T
23, 24, operated relay contacts A 25, 26 to the pulse line P 10, which
pulse is applied to the control valve of the next available free
transport deck for initiating operation thereof in the manner
previously de 95 scribed.
The relay E connected in the left-hand anode circuit of valve V 1
provides emergency alarm facilities If the anode current is not
sufficient to operate relay E the contacts E 23 100 and 24 are made
and the emergency lamp LPE energised At the same time contacts El land
2 are made to prepare the circuit for applying the 24 volt start pulse
to the operating grid of valve V 1 upon operation of the key 105
contacts K 51 and 2 as previously described.
It will be noted, therefore, that the tape transport deck can only be
started when the contacts El and 2 are made, i e when the emergency
relay is unoperated, thus prevent 110 ing the starting of any other
tape transport deck when the equipment is functioning in a lormal
manner.
The valve V 1 is normally so biased from the cathode that the
emergency anode current 115 is not sufficient to operate relay E When
the tape transport decks are functioning normally the 20 KC bias from
the bias oscillator is applied to the emergency grid of valve V 1 over
resistor R 8, normally made contacts T 21 and 120 22 operated contacts
A 27 and 28, capacitor C 1 and resistor Ri, and this bias maintains
the emergency grid at positive potential causing the left-hand side of
the valve to pass sufficient current to operate relay E, which in turn
125 disconnects the alarm lamp LPE With three recording bays as in the
apparatus being described, the contacts T 21 and 22 and A 27 and 28 in
each deck are inter-connected so that if any one tape transport deck
is working 130 78,5,44 i normally the 20 KC bias will reach the
emergency grid of the valve V 1 of the master record control and
thereby cause the relay E to be maintained in its operated condition.
Assuming that no tape transport deck is in operational condition or
none has been started, no 20 KC bias will be applied to the emergency
grid of valve V 1 so that relay E will be released and at its normally
made contacts E 23 and 24 closes a circuit for the emergency lamp LPE
Normally made contacts E 3 and 4 close an extension emergency alarm
loop A 10; normally made contacts El and 2 connect 24 volts DC to the
key contacts K 51 and normally made contacts E 21 and 22 cause one
half of a capacitor C 2 to' be charged from 24 volts DC normally made
contacts E 21 and 22 and resistor R 2 The charging of capacitor C 2
increases the positive potential of the emergency grid of valve VI to
raise the emergency anode current to a value at which relay E operates
The charge circuit of the capacitor C 2 is then interrupted at the
contacts E 21 and 22 and after a period of time dependent on the
respective values of C 2 and R 4, the relay E will again release Thus
the relay E will be alternately operated and released and the
emiejrgency larrmpt LPE will flash oni: and off indicating that no
tape transport deck is running.
In addition there is provided a resistor R 5 connecting the emergency
anode of the valve V 1 to earth and the second half of the capacitor C
2 is connected between ithe emergency anode and earth The object of
this arrangement is to decouple the valve supply and to lengthen, the
" hold " time of relay E so that the relay is operated for a time
sufficient to cover the change-over between one tape transport deck
and the next.
As hereinbefore described relay A and relay T have contacts '(A 2,7
and 218, and T 21 and 22) in series with the 20 KC bias supply ito the
emergency grid of valve V 1 Relay A is the control anode relay of
valve V 1 and relay T is operated by the contact strip on, the back of
the tape and since the contacts A 27 and 28, and T 21 and 22
respectively are in series, the openings of the contacts due to the
operation of relay T or the release of relay A causes the emergency
half of the valve V 1 to operate thereby to provide the five minute
warning.
Thus when only five minutes of recording tape remains on the tape
transport deck in use, and no other deck is available, the emergency
lamp LPE lights and a bell or other audible alarm may be provided in
addition.
Should any of the alarm relays release due to the failure of the
corresponding power supply or to a blown fuse, an emergency lamp is
lit This is effected by returning the cathode circuit of the valve V 1
through the made contacts 2 i 7 and 28 of each of the alarm relays B,
R, 'C and H, in the fuse panel circuit 0 so that, if any one of the
said alarm relays releases, the cathode circuit of the valve is opened
at the corresponding contacts 2 W 7 and 2 '8, the emergency anode
current falls to zero and relay E releases to light the emergency lamp
LPE 70 Referring now to Fig 5 of the drawings, the function of the
play-back control circuit shown is to control spooling of the tape
during the play-back of recordings and during winding or re-winding
operations The operation of the 75 tape transport deck in the
play-hback 'bay and the wind control:are controlled by keys, the
operation of the tape transport deck beingecontrolled 'by the key K'S
as hereinbefore described, and the wind control 'being controlled 80
by a key W'K which can occupy one of three positions, i e the off or
neutral position, the play position, and the wind position The key WK
has associated therewith 'four relays which are mounted on the
play-back control panel, 85 the said relays being a " play" relay P
with an associated relay L and a "wind" relay W with an associated
relay HG The relay circuits are arranged to inter-lock with the head
gate HG and the limit switch '55 of the tape 90 transport deck so that
winding or re-winding with the gate shut, or with the limit switch
closed, is not possible The circuits are also arranged so that in the
event of power failure, all the relays return to the normal unoperated
95 position and the tape transport deck will not re-starn when power
is restored until the control key is operated The various circuit
conditions in relation to the function, of the key WIK, the re-wind
p;oten 100 tiometer VR and the above mentioned four relays are as
follows: with the key WK in the off or neutral position and the
reproducer head gate is closed and the limit switch open or closed,
head gate contacts HG 1 and FIG 2 are 105 made and relay 'L operates
from 24 volt DC through the fuse 'F 3, head gate contacts H Gi and HG
2 winding of relay L, normally made contacts W'K 2 '5 and 26 to earth.
With the key WK still in the off position 110 and the head gate switch
HG open and the limit switch open or closed, hzaid gate contacts HG 1
and HG 3;are made and relay HC is operated from 24 volt DC, fuse F 3,
contacts HG 1 and H 1 G 3, normally made contacts 115WK 22 and 23,
normally made contacts WK 7 and 8, normally made contacts 'L 3 and 4,
resistor Ri, winding of relay HC to earth At contacts 'HC 27, 28 relay
HC closes a holding circuit independent of key contacts WK 7, 8 120 '
With the key Wal in the play " position contacts WK 7 and '8 remain
closed, contacts WK 4 'and 5 close and contacts WK 25, 2 '6 and WK 22,
23 open and if the reproducer head gate is closed and the limit switch
open, relay 125 L having operated as above described when the key is
in' the off position, 'and locked up as described below, relay P
operates from 24 volt DC through the head gate switch contacts HG 1,
HG 2, key contacts WK 4 and '5 closed; 130 winding relay P, relay
contacts L 27 and 28 closed, to earth To ensure that relays HC and L
operate correctly when the key is operated to the "play" position the
earth return of relay L is different in thle off position of the key
and in the "play" position of the key Thus when the gate contacts HG
1, HG 2 close when the key is in the off position, relay L operates as
above described and at contacts L 7 and 8 closes a holding circuit
which is independent of key contacts WK 25 sand 26, which open when
the key is thrown to the play position, the relay L then being held
operated over normally made contacts 11 C 3 and '4 and the operated
contacts L 7 and S., With the key WK in the "play" position and
assuming the reproducer head gate is open and the limit switch is open
or closed, the tape transport deck cannot operate since the 24 volt
supply to relay P is interrupted at the head gate switch contact HG 2.
Again with the key WWK in the "play" position contacts WIK 1 and 2
close, and with the reproducer head gate closed and the limit switch
closed, 24 volt DC is connected through head gate contacts HG 1, HG 2,
limit switch contact 55 closed, key contacts WIK 1 and 2 closed,
resistor R 1, winding of relay HC to earth Relay Hi C operates and at
contacts HC 3 and 4 breaks the holding circuit of relay L which
releases and at contacts L 27 and 28 opens the circuit of relay P,
thus causing relays P and L to release.
When the key WK is operated to the "wind" position, contacts WK 22, 23
and W Kll, 12 and WK 8, 9 are closed and contacts WKI, 2 and 4, 5
open, and if the reproducer head gate is open relay HC remains
operated over its hcldin contacts HG 27, 28 and relay W is operated
from 24 volts DC, gate contacts HG 1 HG 3, key contacts WK 22 and 23,
contacts 1 C 27 and 28, contacts WK 8 and 9 operated, winding relay W,
contacts H 07 and 8 operated normally made contacts L 21 and 22 to
earth.
Summarising the functions of the play-back control circuit in relation
to the tape transport deck when the key WK is operated to the play
position relays P and L operate and the "play" lamp LP 9 lights Relay
P in operating closes a circuit for relay S at its contacts P 7 and 8,
and relay S in operating closes a circuit for relay RLB at its
operated contacts 57 and 8 Relay RLB in operating closes a circuit for
the solenoids SN 1 and SN 2 at its contacts RTLB 3 and 4, and RLB 23
and 24 respectively, and the solenoids operate to release the brakes
on the motor drives Relay P in operating also closes at its contacts P
27 and 28 a circuit to thd capstan imater 20 M at its contacts P 5 and
6 a circuit to the takeup motor TSM through a resistor R 2, and at its
contacts P 25 and 26 a circuit to the supply motor SSM through a
resistor R 3 The respective resistances of the resistors R 2 and R 3
are made such as to give the hereinbefore described play-back speed
ratio between the supply and take-up motors.
When the key WK is operated to the "wind" position, relays W and HC
are operated and 70 the "wind" lamp LP 10 lights Relay W in operating
closes a circuit for relay S at its operated contacts W'5 and 6 and
relay RL 1 B operates as above described, Relay W also closes its
contacts W 7 and 8 and W 27 and 28, 75 thereby connecting the take-up
motor and supply motor through the adjustable tapping VR 1 of the wind
control potentiometer VR which tapping is adjusted to give the
herein-before mentioned winding speed ratio between 80 the drive and
take-up motors.
With the tape transport deck in the playback bay the velocity switch
contacts of course perform no operational functions, but the velocity
switch is provided in order to make 85 all the transport decks
interchangeable.
Although in the particular apparatus described the play-back bay is
assembled together with the recording bays to form a unitary
structure, it will be understood that the play 90 back bay may be
separated from the recording bays which, since they can function
automatically, may be installed quite remotely from the play-back bay
thus enabling the most economic use of available space to be achieved
95 It will likewise be understood that the "closed loop " operation of
recording bays which has been described may be extended to any
required number of recording bays, but if, on the other hand, only a
master and one sub 100 sidiary record bay are used the facilities
provided according to the invention ensure that if during the last
five minutes recording time of the subsidiary bay, the master bay has
not been again prepared to take over recording or 105 is otherwise not
available for recording, the alarm system will operate to give a
warning.
Equipment embodying the invention is preferably provided with a spare
power supply to' be switched into operation if the normal 110 supply
fails Thus, referring to Figs 3 and 4, the output from both the normal
and spare power supply units NP and SP respectively is connected to,
three relays CP, HP and MP on the power distribution master panel and
115 which are connected so that in the non-operated position, the
output from the spare power supply is connected to the bays over
normally made contacts CP 21 and 22, MP 21 and 22, CP 3 and 4, H Pl
and 2, and HP 21 and 22 120 When these relays are operated as
hereinafter described, the output from the normal power supply is
connected to the bays over operated contacts CGP 27 and 28, HP 23 and
24, CP 5 and '6, HP 3 and 4, and MP 23 and 24, while 125 the spare
power supply is disconnected by the opening of the previously
mentioned normally closed contacts of the relays CP, HP and MP.
Thus, when the main supply is first switched on, the spare power
supply unit is energised 130 785,441
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* GB785442 (A)
Description: GB785442 (A) ? 1957-10-30
Improvements in or relating to agricultural machines
Description of GB785442 (A)
COMPLETESPECIFICATION
Improvements in or relating to Agricultural Machines
We, HARRY FERGUSON INC., a Company organise under the laws of the
State of
Delaware, one of the United States of
America, of 3639 East Milwaukee Avenue,
Detroit 11, Michigan, United States of
America, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a
patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be
performed, to be particularly described in and by the following
statement :-
This invention relates to agricultural machines having means for
performing mechanical work on fibrous crops, e. g., chopping or
threshing, and the invention relates more particularly to feed
mechanisms for feeding the crop materials to said means, such feed
mechanism being of the type including a pair of generally parallel
feed rolls between which the crop material is fed in a stream and one
of which rolls is movable transaxially relatively to the other.
One object of the invention is to provide an improved mounting for the
movable roll to eliminate the need for complicated and expensive
guides and bearings, so that we can use a roll supporting structure
that is inexpensive to manufacture.
Another object is to provide a feed roll mounting which effectively
maintains the movable roll parallel to the companion roll in all
positions of adjustment without imposing excessive strains on the
roll-supporting bearings or other parts of the structure.
It is also an object of the invention to provide an improved chain
drive for an assembly of fixed and adjustable feed rolls adapted to
maintain constant driving engagement with all of the rolls while
permitting the adjustable rolls to move freely for adjustment of roll
spacing.
The invention is an agricultural machine having means for performing
mechanical work on fibrous crops, e. g., chopping or threshing, and
feed mechanism including generall/marallel feed rolls engageable with
un opposite sides of the crop material for feeding the crop material
to said means, in which machine the feed rolls at one side of the crop
material are supported by its framework whereas the companion feed
rolls are carried by a pair of arms pivoted on the framework, and in
which said arms are yieldingly urged to maintain the feed rolls
carried by them in co-operation with the other feed rolls, said arms
and framework having inter-acting devices constraining the arms to
move in unison and maintain parallelism of the axes of the feed rolls,
and in which all the feed rolls are driven by a single driving chain
that is trained around the outer arcs of sprocket wheels on the feed
rolls at one side of the crop material and around the inner arcs of
oppositely rotated sprocket wheels on the other feed rolls, and the
chain is tensioned by spring-urged idler wheels which serve also to
train it around the latter sprocket wheels.
An agricultural machine having an example of feed mechanism embodying
the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying
drawings, in which :-
Fig. 1 is a plan of a tractor-drawn forage harvester equipped with
feed mechanism em- bodying the invention;
Fig. 2 is a fragmentary side view of the cutterhead of the forage
harvester, its housing, and the mechanism for feeding fibrous crop
material to the cutterhead ;
Fig. 3 is a section of the cutterhead housing and associated equipment
substantially on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2 ;
Fig. 4 is a fragmentary end view of the feed roll assembly showing the
continuous chain drive for the rolls; and
Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic view showing the drive for the feed mechanism
and the other elements of the implement.
The feed mechanism has been shown as incorporated in a tractor-drawn
implement 10 of the type adapted to chop hay or other fibrous forage
crops into relatively short lengths.
The chopping is effected by means of a cutter apparatus shown in Figs.
2 and 3. This apparatus comprises cutterhead 11 enclosed within a
generally cylindrical housing 12 having an inlet opening 13 at one
side for the crop material which is severed by a series of knives
12'on the rotating head co-operating with a stationary cutter bar
13'mounted on the housing adjacent the lower edge of the inlet
opening. The severed material is ejected through an outlet opening 14
at the other side of the housing. Feed mechanism 15 located adjacent
the inlet opening 13 delivers the material to the cutterhead as
described hereinafter.
The implement is adapted to be coupled in side-by-side relation to a
tractor T which partly supports the implement and supplies the motive
power for its operation. It will be understood that the implement may
be provided with any preferred mechanism for picking up the crop
material to be treated.
The implement is equipped with a conventional reciprocating cutter bar
20. The material severed by the cutter bar 20 is transferred by a
conventional reel or paddle wheel 21 to gathering mechanism which
conveys it to the cutterhead 11 by way of the feed mech- anism 15. The
means of conveyance consists generally of an elongated narrow endless
belt or apron 22 extending from the rear of the cutter bar 20 to the
feed mechanism.
A substantially wider endless belt 23 located at one side of the belt
22 and oxtending across the remaining portion of the cutter bar
carries the material cut by that portion of the cutter bar rearwardly
to a screw conveyor 24 which moves the material transversely on to the
belt 22. Thus all of the material picked up is ultimately carried by
the belt 22 to the feed mechanism 15 which acts to feed such material
to the cutterhead.
Referring to Figs. 2. 3 and 5 the feed mechanism 15 shown comprises
two pairs of opposed feed rolls 25,26 and 27,28 arranged in tandem.
The first pair of rolls 25 and 26 is located at the discharge end of
the con, Ryor belt 22 to receive the crop material therefrom and pass
it along to the second pair of rolls 27 and 28. These rolls discharge
the material into the cutter housing 12 across the stationary cutter
bar 13'.
In the embodiment shown, the rolls 25 and 27 are located below the
companion rolls 26 and 28, and are supported for rotation about
parallel horizontally disposed axes. To guard against slippage of the
material handled by the rolls, the upper rolls 26 and 28 are
preferably provided with gripping sur- faces which may conveniently
comprise longitudinally disposed ribs 29 projecting from the
peripheral walls of the rolls. The roll 25 in this instance is a
smooth roll and serves as a driving pulley for the conveyor belt 22,
which is looped over the roll as shown in Figs. 2 and 5.
Support for the rolls 35 and 27 is provided by bearings carried by
supporting plates 30 which are rigidly attached to the implement frame
at opposite sides of the conveyor belt 22. These bearings receive
shafts 31 and 32 to which the respective rolls 25 and 27 are keyed or
otherwise fixed.
In the operation of the implement. the quantity of crop material
delivered to the feed mechanism by the conveyor belt 22 may vary
considerably due to different crop conditions and other factors. The
stream of material is substantially limited to the width of the
conveyor belt 22 and. consequently, the variations in quantity are
reflected bv corresponding changes in the thickness of the mass of
material delivered to the feed rolls. To enable the rolls to
accommodate such changes, the upper rolls 26 and 28 are supported for
limited movement relative to the companion rolls transversely of the
roll axis, that is, in a direction to increase or decrease the
effective spacing of the opposed rolls of each pair.
The supporting structure for the movable rolls 26 and 28 is
characterised by its sturdiness and simplicity and. particularly, by
the utilization of simple inexpensive bearings for the roll shafts.
Furthermore, the supporting structure positively maintains the movable
rolls in parallel relation to their companion rolls without imposina
excessive strains on the bearings, the supporting structure or any
part of the implement frame.
As shown in Fi-. 2. the feed rolls 26 and 28 are respectively keyed or
otherwise fixed to shafts 35 and 36. These shafts are journalled at
opposite ends in bearings 37 and 38 carried at opposite ends of rigid
links 39.
These links are pivotally supported between their ends at the free
ends of a pair of rigid arms 40 which are pivoted at their opposite
ends on the implement frame to swing about a common horizontal axis.
Preferably, the outer free ends of the arms 40 terminate in
down-turned portions 42 to afford clearance for other mechanism to be
described hereinafter. Each portion 42 carries an inwardlv directed
stud 43 engageable as a pivot pin in a bearing 44 on the link 39 to
support the link pivotally.
In the implement shown, the arms 40 are supported by pivot pins 45 on
brackets 46 bolted or otherwise secured to rigid frame members 47
disposed at opposite sides of the housing 12. The arrangement is such
that the upper rolls 26. 28 are free to rise and fall relativelv to
one another and to their companion rolls 25. 27 below under the
influence of the varying thickness of the crop material being fed
between the rolls of each pair. The frame members 47 carry bearings 48
for a shaft 49 upon which the cutterhead I1 is mounted. The frame
members 47 extend upwardly and rearwardly from a tubular transverse
frame member 50 to which they are welded or otherwise rigidly secured.
To prevent canting of the adjustable rolls 26 and 28 into a setting of
non-parallelism with the lower companion rolls 25 and 27,
respectively, due to unevenness in the mass of material passing
between the rolls of each pair and thus to permit the. use of simple,
inexpensive bearings for the shafts 35 and 36 of these rolls, means is
provided on the supporting arms 40 co-operating with means on the
implement frame constraining the arms 40 to swing about their pivots
45 as a unit. For this purpose the arms 40 are coupled together
adjacent their free ends by a cross member in the form of a shaft 51
journalled in bearings 52 rigid with the respective arms. Pinions 53
fixed on the shaft 51 closely adjacent to the arms 40 are arrange to
mesh with arcuate toothed racks 54 rigidly secured to the sides of the
cutter housing 12 by bolts 55, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3. Through the
co-operative action of the pinions and racks, the arms 40 are
maintained in unison in their pivoting movements without imposing any
twisting strains on the supporting structure or the framework of the
implement. Seeing that the arms 40 swing together as a unit, the
bearings supporting the roll shafts 35 and 36 also move up and down in
unison so that the roll shafts are maintained parallel to each other
and to the shafts of the companion rolls at all times.
In other words, no canting of the roll shafts can occur and,
accordingly, simple inexpensive bearings may be employed for the
shafts.
Although any suitable means may be utilized for urging the movable
rolls 26 and 28 toward their companion rolls 25 and 27 to enable them
to grip the crop material effectively, it is preferred to employ for
this purpose spring means acting on the arms 40.
The spring means as shown in Figs. 2 and 3 comprises a coiled tension
spring 56 for each arm. The spring is anchored at one end to the
adjacent frame member 47 by a hook element 57. At its other end the
spring is connected with the arm 40 by an adjustable coupling device
through the medium of which the pull applied to the arm may be
regulated.
Referring more particularly to Fig. 2, the coupling device as herein
shown comprises a coupling plug 58 having its peripheral surface
helically grooved for engagement in the coils at the end of the spring
56. A tension bolt 59 screw-threaded into the plug 58 projects axially
from the spring and extends through a hole in a lug 60 on the arm 40,
the head 62 of the bolt engaging the upper face of the lug.
Preferably, the lug 60 is pivotally mounted on the arm 40 by means of
a boss 61 on the arm formed with a transversely disposed socket
adapted to receive the shank portion of the lug 60. Adjustment of the
spring tension may be effected by screwing the rod 59 into or out of
the plug 58, and the rod 59 is maintained in its position of
adjustment by a lock nut 63 screw-threaded on the rod.
A chain drive is provided for inter-connecting the feed roll shafts.
This drive is particularly suitable for roll assemblies as shown
having rolls mounted for adjustment relative to companion rolls.
Provision is made for connecting the shaft of one roll of the
assembly, in this instance the shaft 31 of the roll 25, to a suitable
source of power ; and the chain drive serves to transmit power from
this shaft to the shafts of the other rolls. For this purpose the roll
shafts 31, 32,35 and 36, respectively, have sprocket wheels 65,66,67
and 68 keyed or otherwise fixed to their corresponding ends. An
endless chain 69 is trained over the sprocket wheels, the chain
passing over and engaging the outer sides of the upper sprocket wheels
67 and 68 and engaging the inner sides of the lower sprocket wheels 65
and 66. To maintain the chain in driving engagement with the lower
sprocket wheels and to accommodate changes in the spacing of the rolls
with which the sprocket wheels. are associated, the lower end of the
chain 69 is looped over a pair of laterally spaced idler wheels 70 and
71 yieldably supported for movement to-and-from each other.
As shown in Fig. 2 the wheels 70 and 71 are respectively journalled on
stub shafts 72 and 73 carried on the upper ends of rigid arms 74 and
75, which are pivotally mounted between their ends on opposite sides
of a bracket 76 rigidly secured to the implement frame. Resilient
means herein shown as a coiled tension spring 77 connected between the
lower ends of the arms 74 and 75 urges the arms in a direction to
swing the idler wheels outwards away from one another.
With the above arrangement the idler wheels 70 and 71 can swing in and
out to keep the chain 69 taut as the adjustable rolls 26 and 28 move
up and down. The chain is thus maintained under substantially uniform
tension for proper drive of the feed rolls without in any way
interfering with the adjustment of the rolls.
In the implement shown, power for driving the roll shaft 31 as well as
other driven elements of the implement is derived from the
power-take-off shaft 78 of the tractor T to which the implement is
coupled. As shown in Figs. 1 and 5, the shaft 78 is connected by a
belt-and-pulley drive 79 with a gearbox 80 on the implement. One shaft
81 extending laterally from this gearbox has a pulley 82 connected by
a belt 83 with a pulley 84 keyed to the shaft 49 which carries the
cutterhead 11. Another shaft 85 extends forwards from the gearbox 80
to a second gearbox 86. Power is transmitted from this second gearbox
to the shaft 31 through the medium of a shaft 87, belt 88 and pulleys
89 and 90 keyed to the respective shafts. In the implement shown the
cutter bar 20 is also driven from the gearbox 86 by way of a forwardly
extending shaft 91 and a third gear- box 92.
As mentioned heretofore, the driven feed roll 25 serves as a driving
pulley for the conveyor belt 22. Through the belt 22 the roll 25 also
drives the conveyor belt. 23 and the transverse screw conveyor 24. The
drive for the conveyor belt 23 is through the guide rolls 93 and 94
over which the two conveyor belts are trained. These guide rolls are
keyed to a common shaft 95 extending transversely across the front of
the implement adjacent the cutter bar 20. The belt 23 at its upper end
runs over a guide roll 96 keyed to a shaft 97 having a chain and
sprocket connection 98 with the screw conveyor 24.
Through the medium of the drive mechan- ism described the various
mechanisms of the implement concerned with supplying fibrous crop
material or the like to the cutterhead 11 are co-ordinated in their
operations. Insofar as crop conditions permit, a uniform supply of
material is fed continuously to the cutterhead for treatment thereby.
Variations in the quantity of material available are compensated for
by automatic adjustment of the feed roll spacing. Such adjustment is
accomplished without imposing undue strains on the roll supporting
structure or other parts of the implement, and in a manner which
permits the rolls to be journalled in simple inexpensive bearings. In
general, it will be apparent that the roll supporting and driving
mechanism provided by the invention is simple and sturdy in
construction, inexpensive to manufacture, and efficient and reliable
in operation.
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