CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

Fig.6 shows the circuit of the tank filling guard system for

over head and ground tanks .The circuit is build around a popular

seven–transistor Darlington array IC ULN2004, transistor BC558

and BC548 , diode 1N4007,voltage regulator 7812 and a few

discrete components. To derive the power supply for the circuit,

the 230V AC,50HzAC mains is stepped down by transformer X1 to

deliver a secondary output of 15V, 500mA.The transformer output

is rectified by a full–wave rectifier comprising diodes D1, through

D4 filtered by capacitor C2 and regulated by IC7812(IC2).

The regulated 12V DC so obtained is further filtered by

capacitorC1. LED1 act as a power on indicator. R11 is a

decoupling resistor and C3 is a filter capacitor.

Water level sensing electrodes L1 through L4 along with

CS1 are suspended in the overhead tank to sense different

water levels. The +12V DC power supply is connected common

sensing electrodes terminals CS1 and CS2.

WORKING

Working of circuit is simple .As the water level in the

overhead tank rises, it bridges electrodes CS1 and L4 through

L1,respectively,because of the conductivity of water, creating

voltages on these terminals .These voltages are fed ,via resistors,

to pins 4 to 1 of IC1,respectively.Correspondingly output pins of

IC1 go glow .The low output of IC1 are fed to the respective light-

emitting diodes to indicate different water level of overhead

tank .

When water in the tank rises to bridge terminals

CS1 and L2, input pins 2 of IC goes high and IC outputs low at

pins 15.The base of transistor T3 also goes low through resistor

R19 , providing 12V to piezobuzzer PZ1 to produce an audible

sound indicating full level of water in the overhead tank, and

switching off 230V AC supply to the pump motor given through

switch S3.

If the pump motor is not switched off ,pumping of

water will continue and water will reach the overflow level this

makes water contact between CS and L1,making input pin of

IC1 high and output pin 16 low .Transistor T4 conducts through

base resistor R20,providing 12V DC from the emitter to the

collector . Relay RL1 energies ,cutting off the operating 230V

AC given to the pump motor.

Shift switches S2 and S3 to off position when tank is

full.

When water in the over head tank goes below the

reserve level sensor electrodes CS1 and L4 don’t make through

water ,making input pin4 of IC1low and output pin 13 high.LED

5 remains off and the base off transistor T2 goes

high ,providing 12V DC from the collector to the emitter .This

voltage operates piezobuzzer PZ1 through diodes D6 to

produce an audible alarm .

In the ground tank when level rises water sensing

electrodes CS2 and L7 through L5 are suspended in groun d to

sense reserve , half full levels of water in the ground

tank .When water in the ground tank bridges through CS2

with L7 throughL5,respectively ,pins 7 through 5 of IC1 in that

sequence goes high and the corresponding output at pin 10

through 12 goes low.LED2 through LED4 glow to indicate

different water levels in the ground tank.

As water is filled in the overhead tank ,water level in

the ground tank goes down .When water level in the ground

tank goes below the preset reserve level ,sensor electrodes CS2

and L4 don’t make contact through water ,keeping input pins 10

of IC1high and LED2 off .The base of transistor T1 also goes

high ,providing 12V DC from the collector to emitter. This voltage

is fed to peizobuzzer PZ1 through diode D5 to produce an

audible alarm .The 12V DC from emitter also energies relay

RL2 ,turning the pump motor off by causing off the operating

230V AC fed to it . Shift switches S2and S3 to off position.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

At the onset we would like to articulate our sincere gratitude to

MD 509 ARMY BASE WORKSHOP,AGRA providing us the right

environment along with motivating student this authentic

thoughts of success.

READ TO UNDERSTAND

WRITE TO LEARN

PRACTICE TO PROJECT

And providing all required facility for WATER TANK FILLING

GUARD SYSTEM as a part of their summer training course.

We express my deep sense of gratitude to Mr. N C

KARMAKAR incharge of TT cell department.

We are also thankful to Mr. SURENDRA SINGH for assisting

this training and project work. Their inspiration and

encouragement , suggestion and very constructive criticism have

contributed immensely to the evolution of our ideas on the

subject.

INTRODUCTION

This WATER TANK FILLING GUARD SYSTEM for overhead and

ground tank system automatically switches off the pumping

system when the overhead tank start overflowing or ground tank

is empty. The system informs you about different level of water

in the overhead tank and ground tank by giving an audible

signal when-:

1. Water in overhead tank reaches full level .

2. Water in overhead tank goes below the preset lower

bottom level.

3. Water in the ground tank goes below the preset water

pumping level.

CONSTRUCTION

An actual size, single side PCB for water tank

filling guard system is Shown in FIG.7 or we can also use general

purpose PCB for simplicity. Assemble the components on PCB

after ensuring that component values are correct ,enclose the

PCB in a suitable cabinet. Connect sensor for overhead and

ground tanks.

FIG.7 PCB layout FIG.8 Sensor assembly system

FIG.9 shows the overhead tank sensor assembly, while FIG.10 shows ground tank sesor assembly. Refer FIG.8 for

sensor assembly details.

FIG.9 Overhead tank sensor assembly

FIG.10 Ground tank sensor assembly

CONCLUSION

This project on WATER TANK FILLING SYSTEM helps in saving

water. It also protect water pumping system from damage due

to dry run. It also shows the various level of water in the tank.

Means it automate the manual process of looking the water level

in tank. So we can say, it is an essential project to have.

APPLICATION’S

This project can be used in houses , hotels,

hospitals, factories, educational institutions, government

organizations, offices ETC, so that the wastage of natural

resource can be avoided .

COMPONENT’S USED

SEMICONDUCTOR

IC 1 ULN 2004 SEVEN TRANSISTOR DARLINGTON ARRAY

IC 2 7812 12V REGULATORT1,T2 BC 548 NPN TRANSISTORT3,T4 BC 558 PNP TRANSISTORD1-D9 1N4007 RECTIFIER DIODE LED 1-LED8 5 mm LIGHT EMITTING DIODE

RESISTOR’S (All-.25 watt, 5% carbon)

R1,R10,R12-R20 1 kilo-ohmR2-R8 7 kilo-ohmR9 7 kilo-ohmR11 22 ohmR21 100 ohm

CAPACITOR’S (electrolytic)

C1 1uf, 16 vC2 1000uf, 25 vC3-C5 100uf, 16 v

MISCELLANEOUS

X1 230V PRIMARY TO 15V ,500MA SECONDARY TRANSFORMER

S1-S3 ON-OFF TOGGLE SWITCHRL1,RL2 12V 1 C/O(change over)PZ 1 PIEZOBUZZERM1 230V,50Hz ,0.5 HP AC MOTORCS1,CS2 METALLIC STRIP WATER LEVEL SENSORL1-L7 METALLIC STRIP WATER LEVEL SENSOR

TABLE OF CONTENT

1. About the organization ……………………………………5

2. Departments ……………………………………………………6

3. Various equipments………………………………………….7

4. Project Introduction ……………………………………….13

5. Component’s used ………………….........................14

6. Circuit diagram ……………………………....................16

7. Circuit description ……………………………………………17

8. Working ………………………………………………………….18

9. Construction ……………………………………………………20

10. Project cost …………………………………………………….24

11. Application’s …………………………………………………..25

12. Conclusion ………………………………………………………26

13. Abbreviation…………………………………………………..27

PROJECT COST

RESISTOR’S Rs…………….42

CAPACITOR’S Rs…………….30

RELAY’S Rs……………..80

LED’S Rs……………..40

TRANSFORMER Rs……………..35

SENSOR’S Rs……………..75

DIODE Rs……………..27

TRANSISTOR Rs……………..20

IC’S Rs……………..95

OTHER COST’S Rs……………..105

TOTAL COST Rs……………..550

DEPARTMENT OF 509-ABW

GE GP General Engineering Group

RADAR GP Radar Equipment

TL GP Telecommunication Group

IN GP Instruments Group

M&R GP Manufacturing & Reclamation

ARCC Army Repair & Calibration Cell

FCRC Repair of Computers

CES Complete Expandable Stores

MCO Material Control Organization

ABOUT THE ORGANISATION……….

509 Army Base Workshop is a specialist workshop responsible for base repairs of radar systems, electronic test equipments, optical and fire control instruments and night vision devices.

This organization is headed by a commandant .509-ABW’s was Established on 1st May, 1993.it is an ISO 9001:2000 certified. it located in agracantt area on Gwalior road. it has approx 2000 employees out of which 1200 are civilians the whole organization is divided in to three functional groups as follows-:

1. Works2. Production 3. Administration.

This ABW work under the overall control of Director General Electronics and Mechanical Engineers (EME) who functions under the Master General of Ordnance (MGO).

Various devices in ABW’s

1.Laser Range Finder LH30

   

LH 30 is a light weight Laser Range Finder designed to measure the distance of target up to 20 Km range accurately and instantaneously, It can be conveniently used in Hand Held as well as Tripod mounted mode. Built-in magnification facility of 6X in the day sight along with Scaled graticule enables appropriate engagement of the target by user. The facility for Remote readout, Remote triggering and BITE readout is provided through RS 422A Serial interface. Modular design enables easy maintenance. The equipment is dust-proof, water-proof meets military Specifications.

FIG.1 laser range finder LH-30 Applications -:1. Fire Control for MMg & Mortar .2. Reconnaissance on Observation Post of Vehicle .3. Cloud Height Measurement.

2. Secure tactical army radio system

Radio Set STARS V (25 W) is a Secure Tactical VHF Combat Net Radio. It operates in the frequency band of 30.000 to 87.975 MHz in 25 kHz channels spacing and provides 2320 channels. The radio set supports voice and data communication in a secure mode also. It is possible to remotely control the radio set by using Remote Control Unit (RCU). It incorporates features like preset SCAN, BITE, RF power control, Sulk mode, rebroadcast etc. STARS V (25 W) has the facility of having a password for self-authentication and entry to select call mode.

FIG-2 Secure tactical army radio system

Starv operates in the following modes :- 1. Clear voice with squelch. 2. Clear voice without squelch. 3. Secure with squelch. 4. Data communication.

5. Automatic rebroadcast 6. Scan 7. Selective Call in voice mode.

Features-:

1. Fully automatic, single frequency simplex or two frequencies Simplex transmit /receive function

2. 30 MHz to 87.975 MHz frequency with channel spacing of 25 kHz

3. 2320 channels with 8 preset frequencies. 4. Front panel programmable 5W/25W power output. 5. Interoperability with AN PRC-25,VA MK-II, VB, VC and R 123 6. Full remote operation of all functions. 7. Can operate from 24 VDC source. 8. Selective Call in voice mode

3. Tactical Control Radar

This is an early warning, alerting and cueing system, including weapon control functions. It is specially designed to be highly mobile and easily trasnsportable, by air as well as on the ground. This radar minimizes mutual interference of tasks of both air defenders and friendly air space users. This will result in an increased effectiveness of the combined combat operations. The command and control capabilities of the RADAR in combination with an effective ground based air Defence provide maximum operational effectiveness with a safe, efficient and flexible use of the airspace.

FIG-3 Tactical radar control system

Features-:

1. All weather day and night capability 2. 40 km range, giving a large coverage 3. Multiple target handling and engagement capability 4. Local threat evaluation and engagement calculations assist

the commander's decision making process, and give effective local fire distribution

5. Easy to operate, and hence low manning requirements and stress reduction under severe conditions

6. Highly mobile system, to be used in all kinds of terrain, with short into and out of action times (deployment/redeployment)

7. Clutter suppression 8. High resolution, which gives excellent target discrimination

and allows accurate tracking.

4. All weather low level air defense weapon control system(PIW 529)

  The C is a combination of Radar, Computer and display that deals with the threat of hostile ECM protected air missions at tree top level. It is a highly Mobile Land based Autonomous search cum track radar which meets the ever increasing threat from low flying high-speed aircrafts. It has all weather capability with timely detection, very accurate and unambiguous tracking, fast prediction of lead angles and built in counter measures.

Functions-:

1. Air Search in I band and acquisition in I & Ka band 2. Dual Band I and Ka - tracking 3. Moving target indication in PPI for I search 4. Automatic interrogation of the tracked target 5. Fast and accurate lead angle computation of tracked target

FIG-4. All weather low level air defense weapon control system

6. Gun assignment and firing initiation 7. Track while scan upto 3 targets. 8. "METEO" mode to generate a ballistic meteo message 9. Presents the target being tracked on a TV monitor to help

the operator in visual target identification, threat assessment and engagement monitoring.

10. Communication between system operator and gun.

5. LORROS ( Long Range Reconnaissance and Observation System)Features-:

1. Suitable for border, coastline, and critical site protection2. Long range, electro-optic, day/night sensing platform3. Flexible choice of imaging sensors, enabling4. cost effective customization

FIG 5. Lorros

5. Net Centric interoperability or stand-alone operation6. Fully remote control and multi-channel video streaming7. Multiple thermal camera choice8. Multiple CCD camera choice9. Eye-safe laser range finder for accurate target

ranging(option) 10. Pan & tilt pedestal, smooth high precision motion control 11.Ruggedized, IP-66, MIL-STD.