Ûzã%

ÀòY,{ 5.1

YÆW¸iÆ‚B 15 YÅ7g~Šzu~ê„ÆŠzgZyÁÁg„¶xk 14 0*ÎyÆÛzãˆÆjZáС÷�âà‚w„QZ½WðXë�â‘VÆ£«~oÆYg~3DÆÄg}~!~ÐZŸ±Zzgâàgx:WäÅzzЫ

(XZ¤/poÃZzZb�Ñð~WðZ*ZpßЊ~mï¶@*ë 5.1 ].zw �â„~0*ÎyÆÂZiyZŠZ56,Š!*ƒ7,Z)6,z¤/ZxÆa¸Y,}~@*íÐ!*iZgIŠ!~)DªaZƒðXZkÆ!*z�Št)DªZzgù¦ÛzãŠ!*ƒ«

1 �â„~ZÚ”h+7åAº*¸',kÅZÏæ]~g;åX

Z»kŬ@†V~¶±',WæZ]6,¹ic*Š{CkňXŠgWæZ]6,Zk»ZW,ŠgWæ”{ÑŠZzg3ŠÅÔ~ZŸ±Ô½Zðv v**]Æ!*)!-VÅZŸ°ŠgWæZzg8»xZzgeð6,zù‡V~,MzguZ\¤/i+cÅzzЊð7,ŠH)

5

:0*ÎyÆÛzã»ÜÉ 5.1 ].zw

�eZ°Ô0*Îãgz9»gDy‚~

Y15 Ôxk 1 �â„ Y14 Ôxk 4 �â„ Y14 Ôxk 3 �â„ Y14 Ôxk 2 �â„ Y14 Ôxk 1 �â„

-154 3,731 1,885 -1,214 -1,315 ZÃJÆ(wf{],)�Ût(

-630 4,065 1,761 -1,504 -1,203 igIŠ!Æù¦f{],)�Ût(

-3.7 -0.3 6.9 0.7 -6.0 (+) &ZŸ† (-) 0*Îãgz9ÅŠg~¶

-1,647 -378 -678 -647 -1,268 Yg~ˆ!*]»ÂZiy

-6,022 -4,130 -3,883 -4,213 -4,301 ˆgCÂZiy

5,960 6,348 6,282 6,257 6,275 ',WæZ]

11,982 10,478 10,165 10,470 10,576 ŠgWæZ]

-505 -521 -619 -603 -894 }.â]»ÂZiy

735 375 353 322 0 Ãø7g-

4,695 4,249 3,793 3,863 3,927 »g.VÅF,c]

169 956 255 189 231 0*Îy~',Z{gZ„&Ûzãuât»g~141 2,642 19 -23 108 0*Îy~b%ŠZãuât»g~218 1,450 77 -210 -329 ÛzãŒÛ2){Ø·î(

1,459 1,612 1,250 2,325 1,809 ÛzãŒÛçVÅzZ3){x(

â~.:JŠzª(0*Îy

YJ-Yg~g;(X 2014 YÅ«�â„{àŠØZgg„T»ãCŠ~:LtåÀWðZ*ZpßÃŒÛ2))z~Zlo~zZ:KYDgì)tŸWy%âÞ 14 xk 1

(XOçZkŠzgZygCÄg{!~Ð 5.4

(,JXF,c]ig~p[ZŸ†ƒZp�â„80 ÆŠzgZyZyЈgCÄg}»Üs11.4 ‚7gZƒeX:Yg~3D»Äg{

‚‚wÎw(,|ŠHXWægx:ƒäů6,t¶oÆigIŠ!f{],Ð7g~ÅX

(ÏcÌæŠÇg:¶Xz‰Z~ÐZsxW!*Š~bCÙzVäŠgWæàÇyÃ0*Îã

âga 7 gz9Å!*"$Zo™Šc*ZzgZrVä!Ñb6,7i–È™äÃF,ߊ~XZk)DªÐ!*iZgIŠ!6,Š!*ƒ7,ZZzg(X 5.1^ gz96,Lƒ) 100.6 gz9°Z%OeZ°J-VˆZzgWy%ŠcJ- 102.8mà 25 Æ«!*ggz9Å7

w~…µìÀÛzã7icZ’ZÆZ0+ZiÐic*Š{4ƒÏXZÍwÔZ~ZpßZpß6,z¤/ZxÆaZzg0*v,Y,}6,WðZ*ZpßÐèZ™Z]»x!Њ0*`÷X6,ög„Æ_.WðZ*ZpßÃçÙZPxZzgaZzZg~%že$

Zg[eZ°ÅZq-œÀm¬„ï_ìX2ÔÓ#ÖâÞ~ 1.1 Y~ 2014 0*ÎyÊc 2 ~ù¦7gÄÜ6,ZEyìXu½ðuÆZ%ZÆfg)ÎZÑZòâgLÐZq-Zg[eZ°qÝ™ä~»x[g„XZyÆ´z{Ó#ÖŠvfgZùÐgx

(¬@ ii (Z}!ZsZzgZÝ!ZsƉÅ�Ûz|#еnZq-Zg[eZ°Ô) i ÅWæŵ™g„ìX~t÷áï÷:)(Z}e~!Ð)PÆ_.(Zq-Zg[eZ°X iii Zg[eZ°ÔZzg) 1.9 JÐ)PÆ_.(

Y~',WæZ]ÅbàZzgZkÆ_Z{Ûzã',Z{gZ„&uât»g~Å 2014 Ðic*Š{−jßgñwZÆ', Òp @*ë0*GZg~ÆŠgWæZ]~Ì—%Š@ˆYè£òZâ‚izVÃ{xâwÅñ�Š{-¬@†VÐÃZ+{ƒZXWÒ{ 3 ½7gWæìX

Z»kņV)Sî%(»gDyç™}ÇÀYg~3D»ÂZiy‚wÆWy%~¹VƒÇX%Å©):Š~²‘

YÆŠzgZyZy 2015 ‚!-F,+(6,W_÷ZzgµìÀ7g} 4 eZ°°Ûw) 67.1 ÑV$(¬„Wy%âÞJ-Áƒ™ÜsOçøg}ŠgWæ~.Þ»ƒ&Ð(,ZzZk‚wZÚ!*)¡÷7X 4 ~Ãð{mbà7Š@YñÏX

60

:0*Îãgz9Å)zZ] 5.1^

http://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/pr/2014/pr14505.htm 2

Y2013 ‚(,³X',Z{gZ„&Ûzãuât»g~Å�gxZÆ', 5 ‚(,³²QÆgkgeÆ_. 0.9 ZŠZ°VÆZ0+gZY]Æ_.ZÆ',ÆŠzgZy',WæZ] 3

�eZ°ƒIX 254 Y~(,|™ 2014 �eZ°‰z{ZÆ', 57~

eZ°J- 88 eZ°Zzg 70 YÆa!*nKM 2016 YZzg 2015 Zëuât»g~ËVä%ņV6,ZK7ÍÇV~¶™àìXñgÌZîZLãCŠ~3,cÁ™Æ 4

eZ°°ÛwJ-Á™à÷)â~.: 75 Zzg 85 YÅ«�â„Æa%Å',•MZzgeÚKWð™zeZlxÅZK7Íð 2015 áWc*XZϧbÍ®}mäÌ

http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/12/08/us-markets-oil-idUSKBN0JM03P20141208

http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-10-27/goldman-cuts-brent-wti-forecast-as-production-to-outpace-demand.html Zzg

YÅ«�â„g7g^ 2015 âà‚w

´z{Zi,Ô¥xƒ@*ìÀ±âgL~½ZÅ�ÛZb4ƒìTÐZyÅŠgWæZ]

˜VJ-Šzu~ 5 ÁƒYãeÂXŠgWæZ]»mìÔZ[J-ic*Š{F,%

�~ÔØZzgŠv{xâwЃðìÔªZyZâÐ�',Z{gZ„&Qu¤/ñV

Z¤/ZyZâÅŠgWæZ] 6 ~把î÷X(,fÌg÷ÂwÅ%ÆaZYƒÇX

ƒ&Ðic*Š{¡÷',WæZ](,JäZzg†)c*9(ˆgCÄg}ÃÛzã',Z{gZ„&uât»g~ZzgF,c]Ð7gZ™äÅ¢zg]ÆjZáÐìXZ#J-ëZygx~0*GZgZŸ±Æfg)oÅŠzggkŠgWæ~¢zgc*]Ã7gZ™äƇ.Þ

:ƒVÐÔoÛzã-8-6,øgZZ®g',ŒÛZggìÇXÜs¸Z®gøg~%Ã$zg™äÆa»°ìX

Yg~3M 5.2

‚ic*Š{ZzgÓ#ÖÆHg{ 11.4 Zg[eZ°å�*¸',kÅ«�â„Ð 1.4 YÅ«�â„~Yg~3D»Äg{ 15 xk(X 5.2^ ZkÄg}»‚,!*)¡÷ì) Ú ë&�â‘VZzg*¸0*õ',ÎVÅZz‰Å 7 ‚ìX 50 ‚Ñ:@s»

inØÒoÒÜÎnÛjç7Ò1‰^i>…mÓ^…Je×ß‚ir^…ioìŠ^…å

YÅ—F,+RÐ 2008 Zg[eZ°Å°*ZÅ3�.ç EEGR6,VŠHXŠgWæZ]�Ñð@*m 6.0 YÅ«�â„~0*Îy»ˆgCÄg{ 15 xk

‚‚wÎwÁƒIT 4.7 (XŠzu~Y+$',Wæ~zß1V 5.3^ ̈zi™IZ#Z»kŬ@©gkge—R6,‰)Å(,~zzt¶À0*ÎyZKŠgZŸ°Åq]Åic*Š{©qÝ:™eX'×h+',WVÔu~ÃbÆ{xâwÅr~

61

‚¶X 5.8 Y~‚wÎw 2014 ‚¶Ð¾e$Qì�!*nKMZÆ',ZzgâÞ~ƒðÔ�À�Ñð@*m 1.1 ‚Zzg 4.4 Zkñ�ýZð¤/Zã~‚wÎwÜs 5

(http://pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/tables/14.5.pdf )â~.: ‚ŠgWæZ]{xâwZzgZâñuât6,ŒƒC÷ 85 0*ÎyÅ 6

Zg[eZ°HgHìX 2.8 Y~Yg~ˆ!*]ÆÄg}»@s 2014-15 Ó#Öä‚Ñ:µ/ 7

:Yg~3D»Äg{Ô�â„zZg 5.2^

:0*Îy»ˆgCÄg{ 5.3^

Ûzã%

ŧ”ÏZzg@Š÷~Çg4Z&+7~Å$zgu¤/xVÌ0*ÎyÆÃb{xâw‰ŠJÐZzg{Ð~À}ÅÁ',WæZ]»

(X 5.4v !*)F)

',WæZzgŠgWæÆgD**]~ZýZs»mËuJ-¬@Z»kr~ÅßgñwÐ

ÌáCì:0*ÎyÅZë',WæZ])¾HkZzgezw(Å©ZëŠgWæZ]){x%Zzg

(X0*xWbŧbÅŠvZëŠgWæ~ZâÅ©ÎZÑZò!*iZg~(,³X 5.4^ ‰QŠJ'(ÅÚic*Š{¤/,)(X 5.4v YÅa¶�â„~0*Îãgz9Å7~ZŸ±äÌ„CÙgCÄg}~™ŠZgZŠZH) 14 '×h+tÀxk

{mîg6,',WæàÇyWgegiŤ/Cƒð®ZŠÃÎZÑZòy%h+ZgzVÃCðˆ†VЙ[™D÷X

�eZ°Åg¶ÅWæÅzzÐiZb 735 ˆgCÄg}~ZŸ±»ZW,ic*Š{F,F,c]Ž7g%ZzgZñŠ~7g-Æ�

YÅ«�â„~ZñŠ~7g-Æ�gx!íy%ƒNT 14 ƒŠHTÐ}.â]»Äg{Á™ä~æŠBXc*ŠgìÀxkÐ!*iZgIŠ!~Š!*ƒ(,|ŠHX

F,c]ig

‚(,|IXøg}ÃÆ_.t½7g%Zk�â„ÆŠzgZyŠzâV 19.5 YÅ«�â„ÆŠzgZyF,c]ig 15 xk‚Å% 33.8 ‚Zzg 17.4 �ÑðZzgmÆŠzgZyF,c]ig~!*nKM 8 Ï,7,äÆù¦ñŠZW,Å?Ï™CìX

Š@ˆX@*ët!*]‡.Þf™ìÀZ~ZzgZÆ',~ÌZ#ËñŠgxÅWæ7ƒðF,c]ig{á5wZ0+Zi~(,f

'×h+tÀc[iŠ{´V~Zk‚wic*Š{F,c]igWä»ZkyìX 9 g÷X

ic*Š{F,ZŸ†U¬zyñÆSî�{²[ZâgZ]Zzg:Š~²[ÐWc*XñŠgxÅWæÆ´z{F,c]igZkêYÆŠzgZyU¬zyñ~**yWbSî 2014 ~Ãu**yWbˆÅzzÐÌ¢og÷XWðZ*ZpßÆ_.

10 ‚%Šg`ƒä»ZkyìX 4.4 ZÐZ7šÅ¯6,

62

Y~‚wÎw%( 15 :Z»kŬ@©)«�â„xk 5.4^

ÏZ[�ÑðÆŠ}‹~oðˆ²ÏZÑtAöEWZÆ',Ƭ‹~WðX@*g4èGELzíqZgÐPgzi¬ZL{0+ZâVÃg¶¬÷OçÏZÑ

tAöEWÆF,c]6, 8

ñŠZW,Z]Ì«�â„~CkK‰X‚(,³X 2.6 ‚Zzg 7.1 Z~ZzgZÆ',~F,c]!*nKMÜs 9

http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/reo/2014/mcd/eng/pdf/c1c2.pdf â~.: 10

YÅ«�â„g7g^ 2015 âà‚w

F,c]ÅÃ~!*Ÿ‚fgZùÆZEwÆ�ÛzrÅÃlYg~÷XZkÆ´z{JZzgy%ŠâÃg~ZŠZg}Z[ZÙwigƬ@ZŠZgzVÐÝKYgì÷Xaèy%ŠâÃg~ZŠZg}™g@Å¢zgc*]ÆjZáÐic*Š{ÃuƒD

÷ZkaZyÅËqÐF,c]ÅÃÅ}+M4ƒÏX@Š÷ÆŠ"ÐF,c]Å!íW,Ã~ZyZŠZgzVÅZÌZY¤/ƒCìX

(Æ�HŠHZq-ZëZŠZxW‚y§i»gÆfg)gÁƒäzZá»g.VÆJ3DÑiò PRI 0*Îyga!Zãd/õ IGI)îg6,[Z**ìXt3DgzZîJ3ÂVÐe{ÑgƒD÷ZzgZy~gxÅWæzgÁÅôZãÅYg„ìTЩxÃ¥/(,

J3MgppÐ@*gWzvZzgZyÆZI{:Æâà 11 zZáZy´VÅÙ|#™ä~æŠAϘVÐF,c]WC÷X(X 5.1 !*¾ ˆÆ!*g}~t@*W,ÐÖ~ÌæŠAÏ�g¶−Æ)gŠfgZùÆZEwÅZq-(,~zzì)

8WgWð0*ÎyÆF,c]Ðig&´V~igIŠ!ÅWæ»NgY,{ág„ìZzgigIŠ!Å)‡âãAŠ+Æ{8Æa‡ây**Ç™äzZáZŠZgzVÐï™»x™g„ìX@*ë¢o™Åuu0*gZhÆÜsôZã(,JäÅ¢zg]ì@*À)gŠF,c]ÅÃÆ6ûHYnXoÅuu~Z¯Z`2‡ây**Ç™äzZàZªVÃZkZ%ÃD¯**ecÀZÃJÆigIŠ!çZ*ÅñÐ0*È~ÅYg„ìX

63

:yZäF,c]Æa)gŠfgZùÃF,ßYVŠï÷ 5.1 !*¾

Y(äZyz�;]»‹tHXÆ:L@*gWzí)gŠfgZùÐF,c]{ZäÃF,ߊï 2013 yZâVÆŠzuz}»âzeðZEw™DƒñZëZzgŠv)(�"F,vå Household Survey of Overseas Migrants and Remittances (2009) ) Y( 2009 ÷Xªywuz}«g0*g@*gWZzgF,c]»å)

yZâVÆZq-gL%ä6,ŒåÔCÙyZä»Zq-�ÛŠ:Š~²[~5i#Ö™g;åXZ°ZŠzÑg»ŠzuZù·0*ÎyZXk^ 548 Ð8/õ FNE‰oÆâZHqÐ

ZHqÆegDÙZgyZâVÃ÷áïHŠHX6,Z**ƒäÆ!*z�ŠZyuz}Æ}ò‡â 16 Y(Ð1ŠHT~ 2010 (ÆZq-}èuz}) PIDE Wse-}Z)d)Âz÷:

‚ìXOçàzVÆÌÛÐiZZ+yZä) 33 ‚ÔZzgŠ¸yZäÅßg]~ 43 J»�gfg=ZEw{™Áì:à~yZäÅßg]~tZEw *

JfgZùÐtgxzßw™D÷Xuz}ÐظìÀ@*gWzíZzgZyÆyZäJÆZEwÐHD÷²)gŠfgZùZyÅŠr6,g¶àŠï÷XŠ%äƽãZq-aåð�Z[ŠyzVäZk!*]ÅDe$ÅÀŒÛd$F,+JÐÌg¶zßw™ä~îsz‰ÜµY@*ìÔ²à~yZâV»IåÀA *

Š+ŗц'z{Zë:LìTů6,z{JÃZEw7™DXU¬zyñƔV~'׊zgÀ˜¤/z7VÅ~gT÷ZzgZy»Zq-)gŠ¤/z\7gƒ@*ìÔ�À)gŠfgZùÐÔc*0*ÎyYäzZáËYyTyÆ *

Šz„&Æfg)Ôbv™ä»ZOx™@*ìX@*gWÅ(RÔZzgg¶v™ä~JÆZyÆZEw~Ãð',Z{gZ„&m70*c*ŠHX *

'׊zgzVÃZKgx0*Îy{ZäÆa)gŠfgZùňl~把êìX Ûzyoic*Š{îsªx *

óó�Ûzg~ How to Increase Formal Inflows of Remittances: An Analysis of the Remittance Market in Pakistan â~.:gZ”ZëÔYZ*¬gs÷÷YÔ¤/�f$ZXkWse-}ZSm,)уgZjwWsZ)d(ÔZÚD¤/zBç)WðYÏ(Zzg0*ÎyZXkWse-}Z)dÅœÀ,·X 2013

VwÆîg6,Z¤/Ë{m´ºÐgxÅWæáZF,ÁgìÂtZk!*]»Z÷ág{ƒYiìÀgx{Zä»Zk´º~Ãð�ŠwgZ3ñ�Šì�gxÃ(,"7Š} 11

g;XA$8WgWðZy´V~´©xÐZkçA6,!*]’A™YiìX

Ûzã%

Y~ëäF,c]zßw™ä 14 0*ÎãŠzu}Z¨ð˜´ÐÁg¶YV¬÷:ZÃJÅ‚Ñ:g7g^âà‚wzZáŠv´Æ£«~0*ÎyÅ»g™ŠÏ»‹tHÂtx@}~Wc*ÀZz¹0*Îã@*gWŠzuzVÐÁg¶¬

(X 5.5^ ÷)

(@*gWÆ i Zkv~ZkgDyÆZò[Æ=ôÅÃÒÅYñÏXZÍwÔZkgDy~FúZï÷áïƒMh÷:)(@*guzí»g.VÅw i i i (@*guzí»g.VÅ'g'ZzggziÇgÅâÎÔ) i i 'Z5ðZg‚i~�ÛtÔ)

^ (â~.˜´~˜V9@*gWzíñ�Š÷âàçZ*»£gX6À iv )‡âãB)‡âãÔ¬gèBxz){(ÔZzg)~Š3c*ŠHìÔ0*ÎyÔ¸g]Ô@Š÷ZzgŸíÆ9»g.VÃZ%MÔ',¤6ZzgU¬zyñƴSî 5.6

:Š~²[~5i‘Q÷Xic*Š{F,0*ÎãZzg@Š7!*°}U~»x™D÷1Ÿ‡»gÁZ%MÃF,ߊï÷X¸gC»gÁZyÓx´~7Vîg6,„÷X

64

Y~Zq-¬xZ¨ð»gÁäZëâ~.´ÐH5 2013:5.5^

YÅ«�â„g7g^ 2015 âà‚w

t!*]‡.Þf™ìÀŸíZzg0*Îy~

@*guzí»g.VÆjZáÐ(,Z�ÛtìXÛzyo»x™äzZá½ãÛ

Ÿ‡pZ&÷�}.â]~»x™C÷

ic*Š{F,Z%MÔ-g\ZzgZ¨ð˜´~

(X"— 5.7^ yw5i)Æîg6,)Zk»0*ÎyÐñZi:7HYYiYèøg}ic*Š{F,@*gWzí%Š÷�yZ]ÔZâ‚i~ZzgŠv&zgZ:‡V~»x

™gì÷X@*ë:Š~²[~˜V0*ÎEVZzgŸ&43ð JEGVÆ»xÅâÎQQ

ìÔF,c]°@*guzí~ic*Š{�Ût7X

Z%MZzg',¤6ÐZq-Zz‰0*Îã!*°{¸gZVZzgŸ&43ð JEGVÐÁg¶&ìTÅzz¸„ÁWæãìXZ%M~0*Îã

(‚Ñ:Wæã median yZâVÅZz‰)89000 eZ°¶²¸gCyZâVÅ 60000

t�ÛtãCŠ~îg6,¸gCZzgŸ‡@*gWzí~0*ÎEVÆ£«~ 12 (X 5.2 ].zw eZ°¶) 74000 eZ°ZzgŸ‡yZäÅ‚0*Îã@*gWzíZ%M~ZOòZzg&zgZ:ÇzV6,÷²¸gZVZzg 32 ic*Š{½ÅzzÐìXíµn

‚ìX',¤6~̸gC@*gWzíÃ&Ðic*Š{¾äzZѤ/z\Y**Y@*ìZzgz{ 35 ‚Zzg 50 Ÿ&43ð JEGV~tÑb13

¼Š§V‰ÑŠÔZb8-Ôâ1]Ôy%Š{�ÛzÙÔZ:¦(¼ßYÔƒTÞÔŠzZ‚i~Zzgzc*~»x™D÷X

˜VJ-@ŠwV»mìÔZ¤/péVÐtªCÙƒ@*ìÀz{Z%M~0*ÎEVÐÁ¾D÷@*ëF,c]igic*Š{¬

÷XÍÀŠzâV',ZŠg-VÆ£gi0+Ï~�ÛtƒYiì1-V¥xƒ@*ìÀ0*Îã)gŠfgZùÐic*Š{g¶¬÷X@

Š÷Zzg0*Îy~úc*VF,+�ÛtF,c]ÅjZÐÆ%µ~ì˜Vy%ŠâÃg~ZŠZg}WYD÷X@Š÷~y%ŠâÃg~F,+ ê ZŠZgzVÅg‚ð¹ic*Š{ìÔ'Z5ðñ�ŠÏÆÒpÐÌZzgZg»yÅ®ZŠÆÒpÐÌTÅzzÐ@Š÷

65

:RyW!*ŠZ¨ð”VÆ!*°zVÅÛzyoªxÅF,0Ì 5.6^

Y( 2013 Y@*2009 :Ÿ‡@*gWzíňF,0Ìäp&) 5.7^

â&¾æ JY

c0*ŒZXk^zZde~Ï~‡ìZq-WiZŠ(Ÿ5ëGEÛìT»»xŠ*½~ßÍVÅÜk㻋t™**ìX 12

Š*½Ð',¤6WäzZá½ãŠzäð‚ÅÜz*&zgZ�ÛZŠ»m¸g]Ѓ@*ìX 13

Ûzã%

YÐ',ZuÔ1gz@Š÷ZzgKZ*ZöZö‰Zëy%ŠâÃg~ZŠZg}@ 2004 ´V~ÌZÙwigÅ}.â]�ÛZë™YiìXZ¤/p0*ÎyÆŠ¸´V~y%ŠâÃg~ZŠZg}LƒDYgì÷@*ë 14 Š÷~F,c]Å}.â]�ÛZë™gì÷X

@Š÷ÅÚZy»,MzguZzg‚,»°özŠìX

U¬zyñƴ~}0*Îã!*°zVÅY+$ÐÈYäzZàZz‰g¶Áz÷Zâ„ìÎÀŸíZzg@

Š÷Æ!*°}ZL”VÃ{ZD÷X@*ëÔ0*ÎãZzg¸gC!*°zVÆŠgxy(,Z�Ût0*c*Y@*ìX:Š~²[ÆjZáÐt�Ûtic*Š{ªZyÁìYèZ�ÛZŠ~¸]Æ’»]Zq-‰÷:Z�ÛZŠ~¸]Zzg}Z�ÛZŠ~¸]Æ£«~

0*ÎyZzg¸g]ŠzâVÆ&zgZ�ÛZŠ»z¹ÁìXŠzu}ÔZ¤/:Š~²[~0*Îã!*°zVÅ(,~®ZŠ‡âãw7gBbÂF¸gĊâãZ3ëiÆ%»x™`÷c*zm,}ÐiZZ+•Š6,}gì÷Xøg}ìw~Zë

�ÛtF,c]igÆu»g~fgZùZEw™äÆjZáÐZyŠzâV˜´ÅÓáVÅY+$Ð�ÛZ뙊{œpV»‚SàgzBZ»îÛøw 44 tZ%‡.Þf™ìÀ)Z‡ä¸gC!*°})Z+WgWK(ZKF,c]ig»½ã 15 ìX

ZyZâÕVÆfg))*¸',ÎV~() 16 )Z‡ä)Ûzã(gzB3MZzg)Z‡ä¬xgzB3MÆfg)¬÷XZ‡ä¸gC!*°zVÃ~Z`Åœª(Š~YCì:Š~ˆÑbΊ¬xîg6,â~.˜´~Šø7[Ûzã™ÅÑjVÐ

—g¿YCìÔTÐL)¸gC(gz9Åñ�ŠÏ~)Z‡ä¸gC!*°zVÃÛzyoÐŒÛnheZzg¸g]~

66

YÆŠzgZyZ%MYäzZáZ¨ð@*gWzíÆpZm 2009-13 :5.2 ].zw¡Ò54

è

EFGE@*gWÅ @Š7@*gWÅ ¸gC@*gWÅ 0*Îã@*gWÅ ù¦Z%OW!*Š~Å

yZâVÅWæãeZ° 74,000 eZ° 54,000 eZ° 89,000 eZ° 60,000 eZ° 50,000 yZâVÅZz‰Wæã‚ 40 ‚ 32 ‚ 50 ‚ 33 ‚ 25 eZ°ÐiZZ+(zZáyZâV»Úƒ& 90,000 —Wæã)‚ 18 ‚ 15 ‚ 27 ‚ 18 ‚ 10 eZ°ÐiZZ+(zZáyZâV»Úƒ& 140,000 ¹—Wæã)

‚w/ZzgZkÐiZZ+ÅW!*Š~( 16 5i#Ö)

‚ 92 ‚ 93 ‚ 94 ‚ 90 ‚ 91 �5i#Ö6,¶

‚ 35 ‚ 31 ‚ 50 ‚ 32 ‚ 31 �&zgz5]~¶

‚w/ZzgZkÐiZZ+ÅW!*Š~( 25 ½»”w)‚ 43 ‚ 35 ‚ 16 ‚ 34 ‚ 57 ;ðZjwZzg»Òż½hezZá

‚ 43 ‚ 28 ‚ 35 ‚ 33 ‚ 20 'e¤/~zZá

‚ 9 ‚ 25 ‚ 44 ‚ 23 ‚ 11 Zi+zZ�e¤/~zZá

â~.:â&¾æ JY

c0*ŒZXk^ÔZ%M

(http://www.bwtp.org/MF_Industry_Report_Bangladesh_ELECTRONIC.pdf DÙZgâ;:$43¨Ò5éEGG

GVÅYg„÷)â~.: 50,000 Jнã BRAC Zkz‰ÜÜs 14

VwÆîg6,ziZg]ÛzãZñgÆ_.:Š~²[~Z+WgWð»g~uúAZ&+c*!*&+iZzgZ&+c*5e0*iF~ZëzåÎWg!WðäigIŠ!ÅWæ(,Jä 15

Y~Yg~HåX 2000 YZzg 1998 žnÐ!*nKM

ÜsZ+WgWðÅuât»g~Z+WgZ~Wg~ÅY$Ëì²ËÌŠzu}oÆ)Z‡äZ+WgZz~uâtÎMh÷X 16

YÅ«�â„g7g^ 2015 âà‚w

YÆz‰~¸g]ZzgŠvZ¨ð˜´ÃuâñÆ 2013Z# 17 ~Åœª(Š~YCìX )Z‡äZâÕV~uât»g¸g~Zy%Z`»‚o™**7,ZåÔZkz‰Ügm,gzJWsZ&+c*)Wg!Wð(äZkfg)Ão~igIŠ!Ågxáz™äÆaZEwHåX

:Š~²[Æ£«~�{²[ZâgZ]ÆZ+WgWK»ZOŠ~{Àic*Š{4ìX�{²[ZâgZ]~»x™äzZá½ãziZg]{gzZñgÆ_. 18 Zq-aåðZ+WgWK&zgZ�ÛZŠ÷ZzgZ7ZK'g]Zzg)“ÅãCŠ6,ZhZŠZ5ÅYCìX

eZËzVÔZbzVÔâCÙyZ]ÔîgzVÔegR,eZ»î&454ø

EHEHÅ(,~®ZŠÆ´z{U¬zyñƔVÆu»g~ŠÃF,Zzgu»g~

˜VJ-0*ÎEV»mìÂZ¤/pqw„~0*Îã»g.VÅ 19 ˆÆZŠZgzV~¸gCC7l»gÁZ[»x™gì÷X{q~Æù´~4~Wðìp){qZ�ÛZŠ~]ÃZâgZ]~ic*Š{W‚ãлxïY@*ìX

uâtzâà3M 5.3

YÅ«�â„ÆŠzgZy0*ÎyÆuâtzâà3ÂVÅu¤/ò$zgg„X 15 *¸�â„~¸g~AŠ+ƈâà‚w

Ûzãuât»gc*V

YÅ«�â„~gxÅWæÁƒ¶Xâà‚w 15 Ûzã',Z{gZ„&uât»g~Å-RÆ0¡÷Ñhg„Yèâà‚w�eZ°ÅÛzã',Z{gZ„&uât»g~q݃ð²*¸',kÅZÏæ]~ 153.5 YÅ«�â„ÆŠzgZy0*ÎyÃÜs 15

�eZ°ñßwƒñ¸Xt¶zWZÅ545é EEGŠ¶:ŠJÂVÔÇh-VÔðZzg}.â]ÆP‡VÆ´z{uÆŠvÓx 239.5

‡VäZk‚wZ[J-ÁÛzã',Z{gZ„&uât»g~ÃázHìX

0*ÎyÃÂZ**ðZzgZÐZ7šÆ‡V~Ûzãuât»g~Å¢zg]ìpÛzãuât»gzVÅY+$ÐgŠ¿ZÚj,Z‚ÛZ7g;X{mîg6,ÂZ**ðƈ~Ûzãuât»gzVÆauât»g~Æ÷á0+ZgñZµñ�Š÷X:Üsu*©¬@

@*ëÔo~ZðzZâyÅy%Z[ßgñwÔ{mîg6,%z 20 £gZ]З÷ÉŠgc*ÄÜ~»x!ÅÑbÌ6,æìX’ÐâÑâw´V)SîÔ�ñy(~Ûzãuât»g~~g»z^ìXðÅaZzZgÆçA~ñ�Š{Ãgr

YÆaZÃJÅ‚Ñ:Y,{g7g 14 aZzZg~RöÛzãuât»g~ÆZk**]ÃÁ™ŠîìX@*ëÔ6Àâà‚w

67

YÅYg~”{÷÷].zà#ËVÆÛzãzZ‚]6,ZÚ9¤/z\óó 2014 (Åñ�ŠÏ»Z‹ZsHìX# arbitrage gm,gzJWsZ&+c*äZyZâÕV~~Z`) 17

™ÅŠg~ZŸ†ÑbΊƵtÆ‚Bï™gz9Æ3ÂV~Z+WgWðŸg~Wæ»:L¯@*ëZ#ÑbΊ .... ÅZKg7g~Wg!Wð»IìÀ÷÷http://www.rbi.org.in/Scripts/PublicationReportDetails.aspx?ID=383#5 Y晊~Â~Z`»ñµ�ÖÆ:LgxÅtWæÁƒóóXåg7gÆa:

http://indiandiaspora.nic.in/diasporapdf/part1-ord.pdf; 18

¹ÐŠvÎäÔ',¹WÑ]ÔÇh-VÆ6,i{Y]ZzgƒTÞ&g¸gZyÆ»gz!*gÐzZh÷Xtœ¿²[ZâgZ]~}¸gC@*gWzíÅù¦®ZŠ»½ã 19

Zq-äð‘W÷XYX 2013-14 ,ÆaŠ¶ZÃJÅ‚Ñ:g7g^ 20

Ûzã%

~ÒyHŠHìÔðÆF,',MzguÃ4¯äZzgZkÅRö(,JäÅ¢zg]ìXqw~„Z´y™Š{ð0*ŒÆ_.Zkˆ~Ûzãuât»g~ÅY$ËìXðz@gd•Zq-Zzg%ìÔT~¬RÅÅ~¸g~uât»g~

21 Šg»gì)ÀŠ~Šð(X

ZϧbÔZâ‚i~Æ~0*ÎyÆ0*k-ц'ÅZâ‚i~»%œ/“WÆZk**]gz×÷X0*ÎyÃæ¹Z¨ð

˜´Æ£«~ætz«ZzgZ�Ûj˜´Ã',WæZ]Æaâw',ŠZg~ƯZZ+qÝ÷X'×h+',WVÔ£òR6,¡¬]ÅZq-(,~®ZŠÅÔo~ñ�ŠìÔΊv´ÐŠgWæHYg;ìX$+¬ìÀF-(¼ßYÅ¡¬])}Ôñ!*bšc*VÔãCŠ~−¯4,Ô[äZzgö8ÅZâ(Ã0*Îy~»g7HYg;XZy‡V~uÐ

Y~uÆ 2007 uât»g~qÝÅY$ËìÔ˜VÐë9¡¬]ŠgWæ™D÷XtZ%‡.Þf™ìÀ0*Îyä‚BZq-WiZŠgCõD6,Š\KÔA$ÐZ¤/p0*uuˆgCw~{™ZŸ†ƒZìÔpuât»g~~!~7W

(X 5.8^ m²Zkæ]ÆŠzgZyŠv´~ìuât»g~~¹!~ÐZŸ†ƒZì)

$+¬Ð0*ÎyÅZâ‚i~»%Ûzãuât»gzVÅÂz»%œ/7ì²Z¨~Z½Dƒñ',WæàÇyÃÛzã‚Ûzãuât»g-V)ic*Š{F,5.zê7g(6,Œ 60 uât»g~ÐÃZ+{àìX}ÔZ&+z‘•‚]Å',WæZ]»½ã

ì:ëec*Å‚g~•‚CÅuÔ@*ÇZyZzgÃgc*ÅÛzã',Z{gZ„&uât»g~6,^g„ì:åðC~Çh-VÆ6,izVÆÃY0*ã�Û'×ÅZ¬-$qÝì:Zzgze$**x~;ðfÅF,¹)Z&45ÿ

EHGÔ‚x÷ÔZsYZzgâH(ÌÛzã',Z{

gZ„&uât»g~Å%ƒy5ìXZϧbÔ@Š÷Å»g•‚]ƈ~Ãgc*Åuât»g-VÅ$+zª(toŠ*»Zq-(,Z',Wæà{“WƇ.ÞƒeåX

»x!ÅZyÓx¹EV~Šgœu¢o´‡ðZgnoìÔTÐuât»gzVÆ‚B‚Bö!*y´Æaœj

68

:uÅŠ*½~uât»g-V»Z6u [5.8 ^ Z³:uЊgWæZ]6,0*Îy»Z®g 5.8 ^

VwÆîg6,0*Îy~Zq-å%1o6z~ÅƪxÆa¢zg~ìÀo~"3©-

£éEGEGÃÂhä»Zq-»g{:‡ìHYñTÆa¸g~uâñZzg(¼ßY 21

Šg»gƒÏXZkz‰Ü¸g]†!Z¨»zZuoìTÆ0*kt»g{:ìX

YÅ«�â„g7g^ 2015 âà‚w

ñZµð™ä~æŠBXæ¹Z¨ð

˜´ÆŠgxy´‡ð˜´~uât»g-VÃW(y�Û~R,i+Zk,c*ÆõDÐ

¾e$BìXZkZgno~¸g]ÔuZzgY~WiZŠˆgC 2 0 1 0 Ãgc*ÆŠgxy

õDÐ'×h+÷ZðWðìXtšuYÐY0*yÆ‚BZq-YìZOŠ~ 2008

ÑZ•'ŠZg~õDÐÌnƒg;ìX$+¬Ð0*ÎyZy´ÐŠzgg;ìZzg5ÕîZzgZ&+zkÆ‚BWiZŠgCõÂVÆ´z{ëäZOŠ~ÑZ•'ŠZg~ÆZ,Ë6,z¤/Zx»W¸i7H�uât»g~6,FF

ƒXZkÆË~Y0*y)�ãCŠ~îg6,Çh-VÆa0*ÎyűÔ~Špg‚rì(Æ´z{ËÌoäøg~Zâ‚i~ƈ~uât»g~7Åì)Zk|Æ!*z�ŠÀ0*Îy~Y0*ã

øg}ìw~0*ÎyÃæ¹Z¨ðèVÆ‚B 22 uât»g-V6,o«ÅÑbŠ*Å—F,+ÑjV~ÐZq-ì(XˆgCzuât»g~gzZ*Ã÷Z™**ec@*Àz{Zkê~ñ�Š’»]ÐÃZ+{ZVnX

ÛzãŒÛ2

(X 5.3 ].zw YÅ«�â„ÆŠzgZy*¸',kÅZÏæ]Æ£«~ŒÛçVÅ{ØWæ~¼4~Š@ˆ) 15 âà‚wZ¤/pÓ#ÖäZk‚wWðZ*ZpßÃic*Š{gxzZ:)uòŠgCWÄÜÆZ¬„ŒÛ2(XÔT»ZW,ŠvŒÛnŠyÇyÅ

�eZ°ÅgxÆ{ØZy%Z`à 124 (X%�â„ÆŠzgZy 4.5v Y+$ÐgxÅ¡qZŠZ5äiZb™Šc*å)ªCÙ™g;ìYè8WðZ}äZL¼igIŠ!ŒÛ2zZ:™Šb¸X

igIŠ!Æf{], 5.4

�eZ°Å¶ƒðZzg0*Îãgz9 630 YÅ«�â„ÆŠzgZy!*iZgIŠ!Š!*î»Dgg;X±igIŠ!Æf{],~ 15 âà‚w

69

(Æuz}ä0*ÎyÃ),÷Å%ÆÒpЊ*~ŠzuZŠgzŠc*X0*ÎyÆ!*g}~eð JETRO Y~Y0*yZÀ9R,i+WgkH,c) 2013 VwÆîg6, 22

‚Y0*ãµVÃYg~o«ƒZTÐ0*ÎyÊzuZŠgz5ÔZkÐZz6,Üs 74.1 Y~ 2013 Y0*ã�ÛñVä»gHåX}òÆ_. 27 ŒV),÷™äzZà‚g;X 81.8 @*ÇZyì˜VtÚƒ&

:ÛzãŒÛ2 5.3 ].zw

�Z%OeZ°

Y15 «�â„xk Y14 «�â„xk

-218 -289 ÛzãŒÛ2

0 0 X%œ/~J 1

-4 -20 XZâPhezZà»g7g– 2

51 -258 X¬xÓ#Ö 3

1,161 592 „711 459 îsæC

450 133 ¾æC

682 776 mzZgzZ3

237 180 WðZ*ZpßÐŒÛ2

445 596 ŠvîsæCŒÛ2

133 0 ¾æC

-124 -85 XŠv 4

â~.:ZÃJWs0*Îy

Ûzã%

‚¶gkgeňXtŠ!*î 3.7 ÅŠg~

Yg~3DÆÄg}~!~Ð

ZŸ±ÔWðZ*Zpß6,z¤/ZxÆa¸Y,}~@*íZzgz‰Z~Ðo~

(Ï)DªÆ!*)aZƒZåXZkYÅ«�â„~ 14 ÐsÃÔâà‚w‚Å)©à¶zZµ 6.0 0*ÎãgzB~

Y~ 15 ƒð¶&æÃgnpƒñâà‚wƒäzZà¶ic*Š{¡‚u7X

YÆWy%~‹~WðZ*Zpß» 2014 �yŠZY,{»x[g;Tƈ-äZ~

�eZ°Åm 550 ZpßZpߌÛ2Åæ~

Yg~™Š~Xí�ÑðƬ‹~

Zg[eZ° 9.6 ZÃJÆigIŠ!f{],(X@*ëÔA$Ð 5 . 9 ^ J-V‰)

ZÃJÆf{],~ÛzãŒÛ2ÅZŠZ°VÆ!*)¶ƒg„ì){mîg6,

�eZ°ÅWæÐßgñw 735 Zg[eZ°»ŒÛ£zZ:Hå(XZk�â„ÆŠzgZyZñŠ~7g^-Æ� 1.5 oäZEyjƒ¶X

#ËVÆigIŠ!f{],~¶ic*Š{úc*V¶XZq-Y+$Ô™g@äZâP¦™ZäÆ£«~Ûzã™3ÂV25 {mîg6,ZpßZ~ 23 Ðic*Š{gxdZNZzgŠzu~Y+$ŠgWæàÇyäigIŠ!ZŠZ°VÆa¸g~ŒÛn�~ÅX

�eZ°ZŸ±Æ‚B(,|™Wy%m 615.5 YÅ«�â„ÆŠzgZy 15 ZâÕV6,zZZ#ZÑŠZŠgWæ~ŒÛçV»wâà‚w(XigIŠ!ŒÛn�~£òŠgWæàÇyÆañizV¶YèZy6,0*Îã 5.10^ Zg[eZ°J-VŠH) 1.3 Y~ 2014

gz9ÆŒÛçVÆ£«~ÁÑbΊQìXŠzu}ÔZkÐÑbIŠ!6,Š!*îÃy%™ä~ÌæŠBX

70

:ZÃJÆßzZgf{], 5.9^

ZâÕV6,ŠgWæ~âÃg~)zZZ#ZÑŠZ( 25 :ZpßZ~ 5.10^

#ËVÆ(wigIŠ!f{],»ˆ[�gÛzã™Zâ-$Îc*Y@*ìT~ÐÔŠgWæàÇyZzg',WæàÇyÃYg~K‰IŠ!ŒÛçVÃÔ™Šc*Y@*ìX 23

YÅ«�â„g7g^ 2015 âà‚w

24 ˆgC3M 5.5

YÅ«�â„ÆŠzgZyˆgC 15 âà‚wÄg}~Šk�â‘VÅ—F,+Ñb%

‚gkgeňXt{§pZ{ZŸ† 44 . 4

ŠgWæZ]~¢o%Zzg',WæZ]~¶»³

(XŠgWæZ]~ZŸ±Å 5.4 ].zw ì)(±ñ!*b¯yµVÅ i z�;]t÷:)

Y+$ÐZL,Mzg¾Ãê~Y&gYÆ(�â„ÆŠzgZyÃ^¨45ë E

GHZzgZ+8ƽZðZb%ZÆZEwÅ—R ii »çVÐëW}™äÆauât»g~~ZŸ†)

(YZö8�ÐÃZ+{ZVäÆa£òÃb‚izVÅY+$Ð iv (u»g~ˆÅyZCu¤/ò~¼bàZzg) iii)ZKã‚�g3VÆZEw~ZŸ†XZkatZ%ªZyÁ7ìÀŠgWæZ]~ƒäzZÑZŸ†ÑŠÔ8»x�~Ô3ŠZzgÃbƇV~ƒZX

',WæZ]

0*Îã',WæZ]ÆgD**]6,cÐIøg}ZëÑZ•'ŠZg´ÆZOŠ~qÑ]Zzg!*¹Z¨Æ',Wæ~gD**]6,Zq-ÃeZÜ¢zg~ìX

YÆW¸iÐ$zgg„ìX†g~@*âgaÆŠzgZyZ%MÅçÙ%!~ÐÁƒðÔ',¤6 2014 F,¹c*CèVÅçÙ%~(,SZzg-g8-2~5wg„XZ6,s@*�yÅæ]~Z%Mz',¤6ÅçÙ%¢og„p-g8-2ÅZOŠ~%#g„X˜VJ-�Ñð@*m»mìÔuz}eðZ%MZzg',¤6~™g°z»gz!*g~Zˆ‚]ƵZk**]êCÙ™g;

Y~%ÆÃå~{රZkyìÔ',¤6Å 2015 ìp-g8-2~˜Üs„CÙNgëg~»Dgƒ[ìXçÙ%$zgZzgZ%MÅ5wƒ$ËìX

(5.11^ YÅ«�â„ÆŠzgZy9Z¨ðèVä¢o%»bCÙ{H) 15 ',WæZ]ÆeðЪCÙƒ@*ìÀâà‚wuÔŸíÔze$**xZzgu~]däŠvÆ£«~OW,Á»g™ŠÏ» 25 ²0*ÎyÔgzkZzgåðCÅ»g™ŠÏ$zgg„X

71

:ˆgCÂZiy)�Ñð@*m( 5.4 ].zw

Ñb%‚wÎw)‚( Zg[Z%OeZ°

Y15 xk Y14 xk Y15 xk Y14 xk Y13 xk

-10.4 9.0 6.0 6.7 6.1 ',Wæ

11.6 3.0 12.4 11.2 10.9 ŠgWæ

44.4 -4.8 -6.5 -4.5 -4.7 ˆgCÂZiy~Šb‰eðÆ_.7÷�ÀZŠZ°VÆ 5.1 tZ°ZŠzÑgQÆgkge6,FF÷Ôt].zw

Z0+gZY]6,FFìX

â~.:0*ÎyŠíÑgc*]

ZkvÆZ°ZŠzÑgQÆ÷�0*ÎyŠíÑgc*]ÐA÷XëZ7ZkaZEw™D÷ÀZâÅwÜzw•'ƒYä6,',WæZ]ZzgŠgWæZ]Å 24

âqZy~CðYCìX‹bžnÐZ7ZŠZ°VÆqg`Z°ZŠzÑg6,ZkÒpÐ̯EqÝìÀZâÅlZgzVZzgZ»ðâqÆ!*g}~¥â]Zy~÷áïƒC÷XZkv~Š~ˆ¥â]ZŠZ°VÆZyZ°ZŠzÑgÐo9L7g‰�ZŠZ°VÆÂZiy~Cñ‰÷XZyŠzeð§m,ÆâÎ�Ût,

ÐY+ÆaZ°ZŠzÑgÆÂ#âFÆ!*g}~eŠ~XZ%MÔ-g8-2ZzgÎZÑZòZŠZgzV䙸dZyÆ:Lgzk6,0*Èc*V¬Z+Å÷XÐgzkÅ',WæZ]OW,ƒð÷X 25

Ûzã%

bCÙ{HXuÅ',WæZ]ÃZ%M~¢o�Ûz|#ÐæŠB²ŸíZzgze$**x-

ц'ÅZâ‚i~ÅuÐZyÃÃ26 ÐÃZ+{ZVDgìX

YÅ«�â„ÆŠzgZy 15 @*ëâà‚w‚¶ƒð² 10.4 0*Îã',WæZ]~

‚ZŸ†ƒZ 9.0 *¸',kÅZÏæ]~

åXt¶zWZÅ545é EEGŠ¶pic*Š{F,0*õ‡V

(XZkÆ´z{ezwÔ]Vz!-VÔÍ“&Ô 5.12^ J-özŠg„X~"3©-

£éEGEGÔŠJ§ÔÀZÔŠvØZzg½ZðZâ÷áï÷)

l}Å¡¬]ÔòZzgæ°~Å',Wæ~̶zZµƒðX�â„~.$z*Ô»g•‚]ZzgÂaÜŠgZŸ°ÅqïÃb¡¬]~‚wÎwZŸ†Š¬ŠHXZ¤/¬@©Lg�ÂZyi%zV~0*Îã',WæZ]Å%}ic*Š{¢oƒ

(X 5.5 ].zw $˶)

øg}ìw~',WæZ]~¶»Zë:Lg‡~)b÷X"3©-£éEGEGÅ-',WæZ]»ÎZÑZòr~~Á3,pVÆ‚Bm

c[ä½Zðˆ~',WæZ]Ƈ.ÞÃåZâ»Ìc*™Šc*XÎCŠJÐZzgÀ}»—±ÜsZkÅ 27 ¥xƒ@*ìÔ

72

Z&+zkÔze$**xÔŸíÔëec*ÔZzgxúg‰ÁZ%ÂVÆçA~uÆJwp߶ƒñ÷X 26

YÅ«�â„ÆŠzgZy¤/ŠÙŒÛ2ÆŠz!*g{Z½äÆ:L±gdI-V 15"3©-

£éEGEGÅ',WæZ]»',Z{gZ„&mðz@¡¬]űaZzZgÆ‚BHY@*ìXxk 27

Y~¤/ŠÙŒÛ2Æ 2013 YÅ«�â„Æ£«~{x%ÅÁlZgÃ6,ZªHXŒVtc*ŠŠ;ãZëìÀ�y 14 ä(qź»‚oHÔOçZrVäxk‚4.5 YÅ«�â„ÆŠzgZygdI-VÅu¤/ò 15 ‚%qÝŶÔ@*ëxk 6.8 YÅ«�â„~ 14 pů6,gdI-Vä{à4»g™ŠÏŠ3ð¶Zzgxk

ÁƒÔ"3©-£éEGEGÅaZzZgÁg„ÔZzgZkÅ',WæÌ•ˆX

Y~',WæZ]Å‚wÎw% 15 :Z¨ðëÔ«�â„xk 5.11^

YÆŠzgZy',WæZ]~‚wÎwp~ 15 :«�â„xk 5.12^

YÅ«�â„g7g^ 2015 âà‚w

Åz�;]~ÐZq-첊vz�;]Ô6,FF‰X6,fs~cňìX 28 ',WæZ]~¶

0*ÎyZCÎCŠJ§ZzgÀZuÔ@Š÷ZzgF,ÅÃ',Wæ™@*ìÔ�"ìELHz*ZzgZzã•‚]ÜŠgZŸ°Åq]

YÆŠzgZyZ¤/puÅ•‚]Å',WæZ]~{™ZŸ†ƒZpZkä 2014 Šv´Ã',Wæ™D÷X�Ñð@*m0*Îy‰â~.˜´Ðy%h+Zg~ÆOñZLoÆÎCŠJÐZzgÀ}Æf{],ÃZEwHåXZkÆ£«~

Y~@Š÷ÅZq-Çg41~~WœŠÏÆzZîƈ 2012 @Š÷~ÇgñÅÅü)]»‚oìXTÆË~@Š÷ä0*Îy 29 Z%MÅY+$ÐYZö8%Z¬]Æ{8ƈÐZkÅ',WæZ]$zgƒ÷

‰â~.˜´ÐÎCŠJÐZzgÀ}ÅŠgWæZ]~¶™Š~ìXWy%~Ô0*ÎãŠJÐZzgÀ}ÆŠ}(,}y%h+ZgF,ÅäŠv´ÐÀ}ÅŠgWæ6,™õe-ú¬Z+™Š~÷XÔÐ0Zy)bÆ´z{0*ÎyÆÃb',WæàÇy÷áÅ÷ÀÂZ**ðÆ)bZzgZpß!WgÆ!*iZŠZ5ÆŠúzV~@*íÆ!*)z{WgegiŊЇÜ÷X

73

ÎCŠJÐZzgÀ}»o~ZEwqw„~(,|ŠHìTÅZëzztìÀ-g8-2Ã',Wæ™äÆa#/õ ENEƒñ•‚]Zzg.$z*¬Ðic*Š{»gKYgì÷X 28

Y~Zy”VÅÃbZzg•‚]ÅZ%MÃ',WæZ] 2014 @Š÷ÃYzZáZ%OWgeg�Ö»ƒ&Ðic*Š{ÃZ+{ze$**xZzg¸g]ÃàìX�Ñð@*m 29

‚¤/÷X 3.4 ‚(,|ìXZkÆ',@Zϲá~@Š÷ÐZ%MÃ',WæZ] 8.5 ‚Zzg 15.7 !*nKM‚wÎw

:ŠgWæ~Šg~p~Æ]4-

öEEúZï)7ZzglZg( 5.5 ].zw

Y15 �Ñð@*mxk Y14 �Ñð@*mxk

Šg 7 lZg Šg 7 lZg �Z%OeZ°

-16.0 8.8 -24.8 -10.0 17.0 -27.0 !*�ezw

-25.9 -4.2 -21.7 96.8 14.3 82.5 )!*�ezw

-6.7 2.0 -8.7 21.8 6.6 15.2 T

-16.0 -2.4 -13.6 24.3 16.1 8.2 V

-4.0 0.0 -4.0 -28.7 0.5 -29.2 nx40.6 0.4 40.2 -23.5 -4.3 -19.2 ]

-14.3 1.8 -16.1 4.8 -10.2 15.0 Í“&

-15.7 -3.6 -12.1 40.8 2.5 38.3 {x¾Hk-127.5 -28.7 -98.9 50.9 10.9 40.0 ÎCŠJ§

-96.3 131.0 -227.3 -165.0 -165.2 0.2 ÎCÀZ62.6 -18.5 81.1 -6.4 -12.5 6.1 .$z*

-16.9 -6.3 -10.6 123.4 -9.7 133.1 _ÅeŠg,

7.5 -17.5 25.0 -13.9 1.9 -15.8 Âa

10.3 -21.9 32.2 50.8 31.8 19.1 »g•‚]

-7.2 -0.2 -7.1 33.7 7.8 26.0 ðz@¡¬]

-6.3 15.0 -21.3 10.8 -23.6 34.3 lZ¡¬]

â~.:0*ÎyŠíÑgc*]

Ûzã%

ezwÅ',WæZ]ÃFŠlV»‚o™**7,ZXªÔaZzZg*¸',kÐÁg„Ô@*ët¬@†V~úc*V¶¶TäezwÆY~ezwŬ@aZzZg¸g]Ô 2014 ~¹ŠHìÔZ¤/p 2 ïâÃyÃZÐ',Wæ:™ä6,6gHX6À!*[ / aZ»gzV

0*ÎyÔåðCÔZ&+zkÔŸíZzgu~]dÆy%Z[ñŠqÑ]ÐOW,ƒðìpzZ�Ûf{],ÅzzÐZkŬ@©$zg‚¶zZµƒ_ìZzg„CÙt¥xƒ@* 24.7 YÆZzZbÅ—RƈÐZkÅ7~½ã 2014 g�ŵìXZ6,s

Whf¬@r~~ZLf{],Ã�Ûz|#™äÆaZkņV~bà»ZOg™gì÷X / ìÀ@*%

¬ÐiZZ+g‡ÅqïezwÅr~~åðCÆezwÅzZ30*Îy)¸g]Zzgze$**xÆaÌ(Æa¡÷»Y~igZ¬-$6,z¤/ZxÆ{8ÔTÆ!*)¬@r~~åðezwÅ7(,|¶ÔÆ‚Bµ 2014 !*)ìX�Ûzg~

�¢auHezwÆf{], 18 éVÆ_.ÔåðCÆ0*kZ[½ã 30 ìÀ¬@)“Zq-!*gQJƒYñÏXZk|»ZŠgZu¢zg~ìÀ0*ÎyÃZkigZ¬-$6,z¤/ZxÐÃZ+{à 32Ô31 ñ�Š÷�ezwŬ@g]»ÛìX

åYèZkƈÐ{Ð~ezwű',WæZ](,|‰X

Y~gz9ÅŠg~ZŸ±ÃÃZ0+Zi7HYYiX 2014 %YC)]ÆZW,Z]ÐsÃ',WæZ]Å%Á™ä~âgaYÆŠzgZy0*Îã™ÅŠg~**ðzÇŠzâV§b»ZŸ†ƒZXZ¤/p9òVä¢ogz9õŒÛZgŠc*ì 2014 âga

pZkЬ@r~~0*Î㡬]Å)“Æ0}.÷á]aZƒ‰÷X0*Îãgz9Ɖ**ðZZ+»ƒ‰(X 5.13^ YÅ«�â„ÆŠzgZy0*Îãgz9ÅŠg~ZŸ±»¿Yg~g;å) 15 pÇÒpÐâà‚w

ŠgWæZ]

‚¶X6À¬ 3.0 ‚%ƒð�*¸',kÅZÏæ]~Üs 11.6 YÅ«�â„ÆŠzgZyŠgWæZ]~ 15 âà‚w(XZyZb%ZÅŠgWæäâà 5.14^ ÒyHY[ìÔZkZŸ±~ŠJÂVÔ�~Ô3ŠÔZzg¡¦g8ÅÃb÷áï÷)33 YÅ«�â„~0*ÎyÆ%ÆŠgWæ~.Þ~76,FF¶»ZW,åîg6,iZb™Šc*åX 15 ‚w

YÅ«�â„ÆŠzgZyŠgWæZ]Ã(,Jä~Zëzg; 15 Z,½ZðZb%ZÅŠgWæXÅË(ŠgzÈ~7ňÔZy»âà‚wìXZ¤/pZki%}»-eðŠø7[7ì):„gK”VÅaZzZg»eð(Ô„CÙt¥xƒ@*ìÀc[Ðv**]Åzz

74

‚50Ð40 Y~ÑzqHåTÆ�Ó#Ö»“&»gzVÐezwr~Æ3,cÅÚ 2011 åðÓ#ÖäezwÅ(,}eä6,y%h+Zg~»Zq-6,z¤/Zx 30

—3,c6,y%h+g¶X�¢auHg„)â~.: 37.9 YJ-½ã 2013-14 YÐá™ 2010-11 ezwÅZz‰¬@g] 31

(http://www.fao.org/worldfoodsituation/csdb/en/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2014/08/15/uk-thailand-rice-idUKKBN0GF19320140815 â~.: 32

‚(,|IX 5.2 YÅ«�â„ÆŠzgZyðz@ÅŠgWæ~lZg){x%Zzg¡¬]ÔŠzâV(‚wÎw 15 xk 33

YÅ«�â„g7g^ 2015 âà‚w

ЊZßVZzg!-V‰Zë½ZðZb%ZÊgWæHŠHX¸gDyZÃJÆZŠZ5gkgeeð~ÌŠ¬YYiì�¸g]Ð

WßÔZ%MÐhÔuÐ\iZzg”ZÐ

F,ðÅ—ŠgWæZ]ЪCÙìX

ŠJÂVÅŠgWæÌ¢og„:Zhx$Å‚ZŸ†ƒZ²ßìZzgÑŠ 33.9 lZg~

ÅŠgWæ~lZg½ãŠtƒ¶X6À~Cc*ŠHìÔu»g~ˆÆF,ªC 2 !*[

6,z¤/Zx6,—Zy%ZY]ÅzzÐoÅyZCu¤/ñVZzgk**Cu¤/ò~!~Wg„ìX´z{Zi,Ô»gÅÅ~¯ÑŠ

ÆZEw~Ì„CÙZŸ†ƒŠHìX

3ŠÅŠgWæZ]B£¦k,7™C÷XY15 oäŠø7[f{],ÅzzÐâà‚w

Å«�â„ÆŠzgZy-gc*ŠgWæ7Å(X@*ëÔe~Z}8ÅŠgWæZ]âà 2 )!*[YÅ«�â„~ŠtƒI)*¸',kÆ£«~(X®àØZ@ÐظìÀƒ&Ð(,}ŠgWæà{ZEz 15 ‚w

75

:Z8ñgÌzWÇ!íW,ÑbIŠ! 5.13^

YÆŠzgZyŠgWæZ]~‚wÎwp~ 15 :«�â„xk 5.14^

Ûzã%

�ÛË,gä3ŠÅy%h+Zg~¬Ð™à¶@*À-¬@†VÐÃZ+{ZVc*YnX´z{Zi,Ô¥xƒ@*ìÀ£ò34 ŠgWæàÇyäu~LÅ-RÐÌÃZ+{ZVc*ìX

YÅ«�â„~3ŠÅ 15 0*ÎyÅe~Z}8ÅŠgWæZ]gß~1ZðÆa‰�ZÆ',~ÑzqƒðXù¦îg6,Ôâà‚w‚zZµƒð¶X 37.8 YÅ«�â„~ 14 ‚ZŸ†ƒZ²âà‚w 33.0 ŠgWæ~

ù¦îg6,0*ÎyÆgC3D»ZÝX',WæZ]»Z+A)éE

EŠìX¼‡V~ŠgWæ~�Šw6,̨gHYYiì‰0*xWbÔZzg−ŠgZÅ™g°ZâÆaZy;îk�Ã8-œpVƪxÐX@*ëÔŠgWæZ]Å%~(,Zz�~ZzgŠvQ{xâw»ì�0*ÎyÅaZzZg~Rö~',Z{gZ„&÷áïƒY@*ìX'×h+',WVÔ0*ÎyZkz‰Ü�ZâŠgWæ™g;ìÔ~pŠÓ7ìXZkaÔ¢zg]ZkZ%ÅìÀ‚!Z&q]Ô',Wæ~ãCŠÃ–q¯äZzgÑ(¼ßYzZàZâÅ£ò yZaZzZgÃ�ÛzrŠ}™±',WæZ]Ã(,Jc*YñX'×h+',WVÔÓ#ÖÃØVÅ',WæZ]Æag^Zzg!*iZŠZ5»Zq-¸W,§i»gzä™**ecX

%Ŭ@†V~úc*V¶ZzgWÒ{bV~%ÅaZzZgÆñ�Š{R6,g�ÃæÃgnpƒñZkyìÀ0*Îy»ˆgCÄg{‚wƆ{~5wgìÇXWy%mЬ@r~~0*xWbÅ7Ì$zgƒðìÔTЊgWæ~.Þ~

',WæZ]Å%à 36 ˜VJ-',WæZ]»mìÔZy~ZÆ',ÐbàWðìÔ«�â„~ڶƈX 35 ¶ƒãecXÃ}ÔezwÔ�ÂVZzgðz@¡¬]Ð’q-BìXù¦îg6,ZkyìÀ7g}‚wÆagCˆÅ»g™ŠÏâà

YÅ«�â„Ð4gìÏX 15 ‚w

76

‚ÆÁ3,c6,Ñ3Š',Wæ™Mh÷X 15 Y~Z´yÅZkœª(Æ�ì@*%Üs0*ÎyZzg¸g]à 2014# 34

‚¤/‰÷)â~.:¬@J(X 0.2 YÆŠzgZy¬@r~~0*xWbÆ3,c 2014 âÞ 28 ZÆ',@* 35

‚%Š3ðX 5 Y~',WæZ]ä‚wÎw 2014 ZÆ', 36

YÅ«�â„g7g^ 2015 âà‚w

77

Ûzã%