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5.1 Mendelian Inheritance Slide 2 Monks are known for many things Slide 3 Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) Austrian monk the father of modern genetics http://science.discovery.com/ tv-shows/greatest- discoveries/videos/100- greatest-discoveries-shorts- genetics.htmhttp://science.discovery.com/ tv-shows/greatest- discoveries/videos/100- greatest-discoveries-shorts- genetics.htm Slide 4 Pea Plant Experiments Mendel crossed true-breeding plants (the P generation) to form hybrids (the F 1 generation) F1 generation were monohybrids because they differed only in 1 characteristic Slide 5 Slide 6 Slide 7 Slide 8 Mendels conclusions organisms carry 2 factors for each trait, one from each parent factors can be dominant or recessive law of segregation explains how only one copy of each gene is in gametes Slide 9 Take a look at yourself Slide 10 Which characteristics do you think are dominant or recessive? Slide 11 Cheek Dimples cheek dimples are dominant Slide 12 Brown/black eyes? brown/black eyes are dominant over blue/green eyes Slide 13 Attached Earlobes? attached earlobes are recessive Slide 14 Widows Peak? pointed hairline is dominant over straight hairline Slide 15 Hitchhikers thumb? a straight thumb is dominant over a bent thumb Slide 16 Tongue roller? the ability to roll your tongue is dominant Slide 17 Left thumb on top? when you fold your hands, the left thumb on top is dominant over the right thumb on top Slide 18 6 fingers? polydactyly is dominant Slide 19 How are these traits inherited? Back to Mendel Slide 20 More terms alleles are specific forms of genes; some alleles are dominant, some recessive phenotype is the outward appearance of the genotype, which is the set of alleles an individual has genotypes can be homozygous or heterozygous Slide 21 Punnett square chart that organizes the possible combination of factors in offspring See this website for a simple animation on creating a Punnett square: http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/dnatoday/g enepool/genepool%20think.htmlhttp://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/dnatoday/g enepool/genepool%20think.html Slide 22 Slide 23 Slide 24 Test Cross An individual has the dominant phenotype for a trait. How can you determine if the individuals genotype is homozygous or heterozygous? Do a test cross Slide 25