5.4 phase diagrams of binary systems Φ min =1, f max =3 c=2, f=2-Φ+2=4-Φ predict by phase law:...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: 5.4 Phase diagrams of binary systems Φ min =1, F max =3 C=2, F=2-Φ+2=4-Φ Predict by phase law: Three dimentional diagram T, P, x Intercepting plane graph---two](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e2e5503460f94b1e568/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
5.4 Phase diagrams of binary systems
Φmin=1, Fmax=3
C=2, F=2-Φ+2=4-Φ
Predict by phase law:
Three dimentional diagram
T, P, x
Intercepting plane graph---two dimentional diagrams
T, P, x ----- (T, x)p , (P, x)T or (T, P)x
![Page 2: 5.4 Phase diagrams of binary systems Φ min =1, F max =3 C=2, F=2-Φ+2=4-Φ Predict by phase law: Three dimentional diagram T, P, x Intercepting plane graph---two](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e2e5503460f94b1e568/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Contents
Liquid-liquid
Miscible
Partly-miscible
Immiscible
Liquid-solid
Water-salt
Solid-solid
![Page 3: 5.4 Phase diagrams of binary systems Φ min =1, F max =3 C=2, F=2-Φ+2=4-Φ Predict by phase law: Three dimentional diagram T, P, x Intercepting plane graph---two](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e2e5503460f94b1e568/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
5.4.1 Phase diagram of miscible binary systems
A
*
AA xpp
B
*
BB xpp
BA ppp
5.4.1.1 Ideal mixed systems:
Two components both follow Raoult’s Law.
( )T, P-x, A+B
)1(*
BA
*
A Axpxp
A
*
B
*
A
*
B )( xppp
![Page 4: 5.4 Phase diagrams of binary systems Φ min =1, F max =3 C=2, F=2-Φ+2=4-Φ Predict by phase law: Three dimentional diagram T, P, x Intercepting plane graph---two](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e2e5503460f94b1e568/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
AA
py
p
AB 1 yy
( )T, P-y, A+B
*A*B
pn
p
*
* * *( )A A
AB A B A
x Py
P P P x
*
B
*
A pp
AA xy
![Page 5: 5.4 Phase diagrams of binary systems Φ min =1, F max =3 C=2, F=2-Φ+2=4-Φ Predict by phase law: Three dimentional diagram T, P, x Intercepting plane graph---two](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e2e5503460f94b1e568/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
( )T, P-x-y
*
B
*
A pp
AA xy A Ay x
* *A BP P
*AP
*BP
xA
Liquid
P
Vapour
Φ=2
F=2-2+1=1(P)
liquid
Liquid/Vapour
A is more volatile than B B is more volatile than A
![Page 6: 5.4 Phase diagrams of binary systems Φ min =1, F max =3 C=2, F=2-Φ+2=4-Φ Predict by phase law: Three dimentional diagram T, P, x Intercepting plane graph---two](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e2e5503460f94b1e568/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
( )P T-x
pp xTb bTp ,*
![Page 7: 5.4 Phase diagrams of binary systems Φ min =1, F max =3 C=2, F=2-Φ+2=4-Φ Predict by phase law: Three dimentional diagram T, P, x Intercepting plane graph---two](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e2e5503460f94b1e568/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
xx11
d Td T33 d’ d’
xx22
TA*
xx33xx44
T c Tc T22 c’c’
a a’ a a’
b Tb T11 b’ b’
A B TB*
xx 11
TT 11
xx 22
TT 22
xx 33
TT 33
xx22 xx33 xx44
A
The composition variation in the distillation process
How would it be in an closed system?
![Page 8: 5.4 Phase diagrams of binary systems Φ min =1, F max =3 C=2, F=2-Φ+2=4-Φ Predict by phase law: Three dimentional diagram T, P, x Intercepting plane graph---two](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e2e5503460f94b1e568/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
P-x, liquid(upper line)- gas(lower line)
Getting T-x phase diagram from P-x
Relating P-x and T-x phase diagram
T-x, gas(upper line)-liquid(lower line)
![Page 9: 5.4 Phase diagrams of binary systems Φ min =1, F max =3 C=2, F=2-Φ+2=4-Φ Predict by phase law: Three dimentional diagram T, P, x Intercepting plane graph---two](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e2e5503460f94b1e568/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
5.4.1.2 The Lever rule
C, total amount of the systems
DE ( tie line ) isothermal
l gCD CEn n
l gCD CEm m
![Page 10: 5.4 Phase diagrams of binary systems Φ min =1, F max =3 C=2, F=2-Φ+2=4-Φ Predict by phase law: Three dimentional diagram T, P, x Intercepting plane graph---two](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e2e5503460f94b1e568/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Phase equilibrium variation at constant temperature
---the level rule
![Page 11: 5.4 Phase diagrams of binary systems Φ min =1, F max =3 C=2, F=2-Φ+2=4-Φ Predict by phase law: Three dimentional diagram T, P, x Intercepting plane graph---two](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e2e5503460f94b1e568/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
5.4.1.3 The principle of distillation
Simple distillation T T1
T T2Separate a volatile liquid from a non-volatile solute or solid
![Page 12: 5.4 Phase diagrams of binary systems Φ min =1, F max =3 C=2, F=2-Φ+2=4-Φ Predict by phase law: Three dimentional diagram T, P, x Intercepting plane graph---two](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e2e5503460f94b1e568/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Theoretical plates: the number of effective vaporization and condensation steps that are required to achieve a condensate of given composition from a given distillate
Fractional distillation
![Page 13: 5.4 Phase diagrams of binary systems Φ min =1, F max =3 C=2, F=2-Φ+2=4-Φ Predict by phase law: Three dimentional diagram T, P, x Intercepting plane graph---two](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e2e5503460f94b1e568/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: 5.4 Phase diagrams of binary systems Φ min =1, F max =3 C=2, F=2-Φ+2=4-Φ Predict by phase law: Three dimentional diagram T, P, x Intercepting plane graph---two](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e2e5503460f94b1e568/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: 5.4 Phase diagrams of binary systems Φ min =1, F max =3 C=2, F=2-Φ+2=4-Φ Predict by phase law: Three dimentional diagram T, P, x Intercepting plane graph---two](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e2e5503460f94b1e568/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
5.4.1.4 Non-ideal solutions
![Page 16: 5.4 Phase diagrams of binary systems Φ min =1, F max =3 C=2, F=2-Φ+2=4-Φ Predict by phase law: Three dimentional diagram T, P, x Intercepting plane graph---two](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e2e5503460f94b1e568/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
P-x and T-x phase diagrams of non-ideal miscible binary systems
![Page 17: 5.4 Phase diagrams of binary systems Φ min =1, F max =3 C=2, F=2-Φ+2=4-Φ Predict by phase law: Three dimentional diagram T, P, x Intercepting plane graph---two](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e2e5503460f94b1e568/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Azeotropes
Low-boiling azeotrope
![Page 18: 5.4 Phase diagrams of binary systems Φ min =1, F max =3 C=2, F=2-Φ+2=4-Φ Predict by phase law: Three dimentional diagram T, P, x Intercepting plane graph---two](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e2e5503460f94b1e568/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
351.28K , 95.57
2 2 5 3 6 6H O-C H OH, CH OH-C H ,
OHHC-OH 522
6652 HC-OHHC
Low-boiling azeotrope
![Page 19: 5.4 Phase diagrams of binary systems Φ min =1, F max =3 C=2, F=2-Φ+2=4-Φ Predict by phase law: Three dimentional diagram T, P, x Intercepting plane graph---two](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e2e5503460f94b1e568/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
The maximum azeotropic point
High boiling azeotropes
HCl-OH,HNO-OH 232
HCl-OH 2
381.65 K
HCl 20.24
![Page 20: 5.4 Phase diagrams of binary systems Φ min =1, F max =3 C=2, F=2-Φ+2=4-Φ Predict by phase law: Three dimentional diagram T, P, x Intercepting plane graph---two](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e2e5503460f94b1e568/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: 5.4 Phase diagrams of binary systems Φ min =1, F max =3 C=2, F=2-Φ+2=4-Φ Predict by phase law: Three dimentional diagram T, P, x Intercepting plane graph---two](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e2e5503460f94b1e568/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Homework Y: P161 17, 18 A: P215 8.5(a), 8.6(a)
Preview: Y: 5.5,5.6, 5.7 A:8.5, 8.6