에스더

63
에스라 제1장 =====1:1 개역 성경에는 번역되어 있지 않았지만 - 본절 초두()에는 `그리고'라는 뜻의`우'(* ) 있다. 이는 본서가 역대기를 동일 저자에 의하여 기록 되었음을 암시해준다(W. Rudolph). 바사왕 고레스 - `바사'는 B.C. 3000년 경까지는 셈족 계통의 엘람 사람들이 국민의 주종을 이뤘던 나라이다. 하지만 B.C. 2000년경 이후로는, 남부 러시아의 스탭 지역과 인더스강 서쪽에서 이동해 온 아리안족에 의하여 지배되기 시작하였다. 오늘날이 나라의 명칭은 이란이며 이 같은 국명이 사용 되기 시작한 것은 `레자 샤 팔레비'(1925-1941)에 의해서였다. `고레스'는 동부 엘람의 소국()인 안산(Anshan)의 왕이었던 캄비세스 1세(B.C. 600-539)의 아들로서 부친이 죽자 그 나라를 이어 받 았다. 그는 왕에 오른 즉시 바사의 제국()들을 통합하였고, 얼마 후인 B.C. 539년에는 대국 바벨 론까지 정복하였다(본장주제 강해, `고레스에 대하여' 참조). 원년에 - 이것은 분명히 B.C. 538년을 가리킨다. 왜냐하면 그가 바벨론을 정복한것은 B.C. 539년이지만 바벨론의 즉위 년도 계산 방식은 즉위 후 처음 맞이하는 니산월(1월)이 속한 년도를 원년으로 삼기 때문이다. 그런데 그가 바사의 왕 이된 것은 훨씬 이전인 B.C. 559년임에도 불구하고, 본서의 저자는 여기서 그가 바벨론을 정복한때 로부터의 즉위 첫 해를 계산하고 있다. 본서의 저자가 이같이 한 까닭은, 그해가명실공히 당대 의 최강국이었던 바벨론을 멸망시킨 때였기 때문이다. 여호와께서 예레미야의 입으로 하신 말씀 - 이것은 (1) 유대인들이 바벨론 땅에서70년 동안 포수() 생활을 하게되며(렘 25:11), (2) 그런 다음 반드시 팔레스틴본토로 귀환하게 될 것이라는(렘 29:10) 예언을 가리킨다(대하 36:22). 론 이 예언속에는 하나님의 백성에게 온갖 시련과 고초를 안겨줬던 바벨론이 심판을 받아 멸망될것이 라는 사실도 포함되었다(렘 25:12)).그 당시 예레미야가 이러한 예언을 것은, 바벨론의 무자비한 압박으로 인하여 고통 당하던 유대인들을 위로하며, 그래서 하나님을 의지함으로써 결코 낙망치 말도 록 하기 위함이었다. 응하게 하시려고 - 이에 해당하는 히브리어 `칼라'(* )는 원래 `마치다'(대 하29:34), `진멸하다'(시 37:20; 겔 13:14)라는 뜻이다. 여기서는 선지자 예레미야를통해서 예언된 내용이 완전히 성취되는 것을 뜻한다. 마음을 감동시키시매 - 여호와 하나님께서 이스라엘의 하나님 이실 뿐만 아니라 온세계의 하나님이심을 잘 보여주는 문구이다(대상 5:26; 대하 21:16; 36:22; 렘 51:11;학 1:14). 결국 이는 여호와께서 고레스가 정책 입안 과정에서 관용적 태도를 취하도록 성 령의 감동을 통해 개입하셨음을 가리킨다(Fensham). 그때 고레스는 이미 예레미야의 예언 내용을 알 고 있었을 것이다(Leon Wood). 우리가 이같은 추측을 할 수 있는 근거는, 예레미야의 예언에 대해 잘 알고 있었던(단 9:1-11) 다니엘이 고레스의 막료로 일했다는 사실에서 발견된다(단 6:28). 그때 다니엘은 고레스가 이스라엘 민족에 대하여 유화 정책을 취하도록 적지 않은 영향력을 행사하였음이 분명하다. 하지만그의 영향력이 고레스에게 효력을 발휘할 수 있게 된 것은 전적으로 하나님의 능력 때문임을 부인할 수 없다. 한편, 이사야 선지자가 고레스를 하나님의 `목자'라고 한 것은, 그가 당신의 백성 이스라엘을 위한 선한도구로 사용될 것을 바라보았기 때문이다(사 41:25; 43:14; 44:28; 45:1, 13). 한편, `마음'(* , 루아호)은 원래 `바람',`영', `숨', `호흡' 등의 의미로서, 사람과 관련해서 는 인간의 가장 내면적 요소인`영혼' 혹은 `심령'을 가리킨다(사 30:1, 2). 그리고 `감동시키시매'(* , 헤이르)는 `깨다', `분발하다' 등의 의미를 갖는 `우르'(* )의 사역형이다. 따라서 이 단어는 당신의 뜻을 성취시키기 위하여 이방인까지도 강권적으로 당신의 도구로사용하시려는 하나님의 열심을 잘 보여준다. 저가...공포도 하고 조서도 내려 - 여기의 `공포도 하고'는 문자적으로 `소리를 내다'는 뜻이다. 따라서 이는 말로써 왕의 명령을 하달하는 것을 가리킨다. 한편 `조서도 내려'는 왕의 구두 명령이 진짜임을 확증해 줄 수 있는 명령문을 가리킨다. 그러나 우리는 공포와 조서가 별 도의 절차로서 백성들에게 하달되었다고 봐서는 안된다.한 사자(使)에 의해서 왕의 명령이 구두로 전달되고 아울러 그것을 문서화 시킨 명령문도 근거로서 제시되었을 것이다(Willianson, 왕하 19:9-14; 대하 17:9). =====1:2 하늘의 신 여호와 - 이 같은 호칭은 고레스가 여호와께 대한 확고한 신앙을 소유했었음을 시사하지는 않는다. 왜냐하면 `하늘의 신'이란 표현은 이원론적 종교관을 갖고 있던 고대 페르시아

Upload: yongseok-choi

Post on 21-Nov-2015

27 views

Category:

Documents


2 download

TRANSCRIPT

  • 1

    =====1:1 - () `' `'(* ) . (W. Rudolph). - `' B.C. 3000 . B.C. 2000 , . ` '(1925-1941) . `' ()(Anshan) 1(B.C. 600-539) . () , B.C. 539 ( , ` ' ). - B.C. 538. B.C. 539 (1) . B.C. 559, . , . - (1) 70 () ( 25:11), (2) ( 29:10) ( 36:22). ( 25:12)). , , . - `'(* ) `'(29:34), `'( 37:20; 13:14) . . - ( 5:26; 21:16; 36:22; 51:11; 1:14). (Fensham). (Leon Wood). , ( 9:1-11) ( 6:28). . . , `' , ( 41:25; 43:14; 44:28; 45:1,13). , `'(* , ) `',`', `', `' , `' `' ( 30:1, 2). `'(* , ) `', `' `'(* ) . . ... - ` ' `' . . ` ' . . () (Willianson, 19:9-14; 17:9).

    =====1:2 - . ` '

  • . ` ' (Ahr-iman) (Ormuzd) . , . - (1) 45:1 (Rawlinson). , () . `' . . - , `' `'(* ) ( 10:1) `'(* , ) `' `' ( 39:4; 41:34; 6:4; 40:11). . () , (1 ). - `' `'(Province) . `' (Williamson). `' . `' . - (Kidner). . () . , (Marduk) , `'`' , (Kidner) . , 44:28 (Schultz).

    =====1:3 - ` ' . , (local god) `' `he is the God' . , . - `' ` ' . B.C. 722 . () () . , (Rawlinson). - `'(* ,) `'(* ) . ` ' . `' . 830m . - . .

  • =====1:4 - (1) (Bickermann) (2) (Fensham) . (1) (2) . ` ' , (Fen-sham, 36:20). ` '(* , ) `' `' `' , , (Kidner, 4:3; 10:20-22; 37:31; 9:8;17:21; 2:3). - (Aharoni). (Bickermann). ( 2:5) - ` ' . (1) (Grosheide) (2) (Brockington, NIV). 4 , (2) . ... - (1) ( 13:1,2), (2) ( 12:35,36) (3) ( 6:4, 8) . ., ( 6:4) . , . ( 12:36). .

    =====1:5 - . , ( 12:21), . (* , ). `'( 3:15), `'( 11:4; 28:12; 23:28),`'(29:10; 33:5) . (Williamson). - , . , (2, 3). - . ... - , , . , () . , (Batten) ` '(* , ) `', `' `'(* ) . (* , ) - (

  • 16:2; 3:24; 22:10)

    =====1:6 - . , `'(* ), ` ' (Williamson). 4 . - ` ' (Grosheide, Brockington), `'(* , ) `' ( 3:22; 11:2). - `'(* , ) `' `' ( 12: 5; 14:11; 20:25). (* , ) - . - . ( 24:53; 21:3; 32:23). (* , ) - ` ', `' , ( 34:4; 10:19; 7:15). (* , ) - `' `'(* ) . ( 35:21; 5:2; 29:9).

    =====1:7 - `'(* , ) `' . . , () . - ` ' . () , ( 24:13). , `'(* , ) `', `' `'(* ) . . , (Fensham, 3:10). - , . . , (B.C. 597) (B.C. 586) . ... - `' 2 ( 24:10-12). 3 . , ( 25:8) . , . . , . , . , . , (Williamson, 5:2).

    =====1:8 - `' (Fensh-am). 1 . `' ` ' , . `' (Fensham). - `'(* , )

  • (Williams-on, Keil, 5:14). `' `'(* ) ` ' . , `'(* ) `() ' `() ' . (1) (3:2) (Keil, Rawlinson,Schultz, Kidner). (Williamson, Fensham, Meyer) . (1) (2) .

    =====1:9 - `' `', `'(* , ) , . `'(* ), ` ' (Rawlinson). , `'(Phialae), `' . - KJV `' , NIV `' .

    =====1:10 - `'(* , ) (Keil, 9:15). - ''(* , ) `', `' `'(* ) `2 ' . - `'(* , ) '' `'( 4:14; 19:21; 4:3).

    =====1:11 - 9, 10 2,499 . . 2,499 5,400 (Edwin Yamauchi). 5,469 . ... - ` '(* , ) `' `'(* ) . `' . , `' ( 33:1). , 2 (Williamson). 2 1 - 1 (1:8) . (1:8 ). - , B.C. 605 597 586 . ( 24:14; 25:6, 7; 1:3). - . ... - ` ' . , `'(* ,) ( 20:7; 21:34; 6:3; 9:7). , . ... - . ( 3:2-19; 7:20-35). `'(* , ) ( 11:3). (Kidnr). ` ' ` ' . ,

  • .

    =====2:2 (Fensham, 7:7). - ` ', ` ' . `' ( 3:2; 1:1). ( 1:12; 3:27). 3:19 `' `' , `' `' `' (25:5-10). `' 3:19 `', `' . - `' (Schultz), `' ` '. (5:2). ( 6:14). ( 25:18-21). `' `'(3:2; 6:15; 1:1). - ` ' . `' ( 3:16; 7:7) - `' . 7:7 `'. - 7:7 ` ' (Rudolph)`' . `' . - () `' . ( 2:5) (). - ` ' ` ' . - `'(), 7:7 `' . - `'. 2 (14; 7:19). - `' . 7:7 `' . - `'() '. 7:7 5:8 .

    =====2:3 - `' . `' .

    =====2:4 - `' ' ' . 8:8 8:34 .

    =====2:5 - `' `' . 7:10 5:10.

    =====2:6 - `' `' . . 200 ( 8:4). - ` ' . `' `' (2). `' ` ' . ( 7:11).

    =====2:7 - `' ` ' . , ( 26:3; 12:42)

    =====2:8 - `' . ` ' , (10:27)

    =====2:9 - `' ` ' `' . `' `' ( 10:19; 19:2).

  • 7:14 . 5:12 , `' .

    =====2:10 - `' `' . 7:15 5:12. 7:15 `' .

    =====2:11 - `' `' `'.

    =====2:12 - '' ' ' . '' .

    =====2:13 - `' ` ' . (8:13).

    =====2:14 - `' 2 .

    =====2:15 - `' `' . () (8:6; 7:20; 10:16)

    =====2:16 - , ` '. `' () `' ` ' 42 ` '. `' `'.

    =====2:17 - `' `' . ` ' , (49).

    =====2:18 - `' `' (). `' 7:24 `' .

    =====2:19 - `' ` ' (). `' `'( 7:22; 8:4).

    =====2:20 - `' `' . 7:25 `' . `' `' . 35 .

    =====2:21 - `' ` ' . `' .

    =====2:22 - `' `' . `' . `' .

    =====2:23 - `' 6 ( 21:18). `' `'(Anath) . `' . ( 1:1). 4.8Km

  • .

    =====2:24 - `' ` ' . 2.5Km .

    =====2:25 - `' ` ' , `' ( 6:21; 7:1). `' `' ` ' 5Km, ( 9:17). `' `', 2.5Km (Aharoni).

    =====2:26 - `' ` ' . 8.8Km, ( 18:25). ( 7:16,17; 19:18-24). `' `' . ( 18:24,28) 11 Km 4.8Km . ( 15:22; 16:6).

    =====2:27 - `' `' 9.6Km .

    =====2:28 - `' ` ' ( 28:19,22). 19.2 Km. , . , `' `' `' 3.2 Km ( 7:2).

    =====2:29 - `'(* ) `'(* ) . (21-35), 24-35 . `' `' ( 21:1). 4.2Km `'.

    =====2:30 - `' ..

    =====2:31 - 7 ` ' . 1,254. . `' , 7 `' `' . .

    =====2:32 - `' `', `' .

    =====2:33 - `' , 18Km . , `' `' 6.2Km , `' `' 10.8Km . .

    =====2:34 - `' ` ', `() ' ` '. (Albright) ` ' `'

  • (), (Yarih) 27Km.

    =====2:35 - `' ` ' . . , `' ( 3:3).

    =====2:36 - , , . - . `' ` ' . ` ' `' , (Fensham). , `' ` ' (24:7).

    =====2:37 - `' ` ' . 24 16 . . `' `' `' (10:19, 20)

    =====2:38 - `' , `(Horus) ' . `' `' , . ` ' , (Keil). `' . , `' . ,( 20:1-6).

    =====2:39 - `' `' `' . `' ( 24:8). () (10:21)

    =====2:40 - ( 35:2-7). , ( 11:16), . , ( 17:23). - `' ` ' `'( 7:43) . - ` ' . `' ( 31:15). `'(2).

    =====2:41 ... - ( 25:1-7)` ' . ` ' . ,`'` ' `' . ( 16:4, 5, 7, 37), . ( 5:12)

  • =====2:42 - (9;17-17; 84:10). (9:26). - `' `' . 35:4 `' . , . - ` `' . - `' . `' ( 9:17). - `' . `' . - ` ' . - `'.

    =====2:43 - `'(* ) `' . (RSV) ` '(temple servant) . . , (31:25-47). ( 9:23-27). ` ' `' , ( 8:16), (8:20). - . , , . - `' `' () . . - `' `' `' .

    =====2:44 - `' ` ' . - . - `' `'().

    =====2:45 - `' ` ' . - `' `' `' . - `' (42). ` ' `' .

    =====2:46 - `' `' . - `' . - `' `'.

    =====2:47 - `' `' . - `' ` '. - `' `'

    =====2:48 - `' `' `' , . `' ( 15:37; 16:5-9). - `' `' . - `' `'.

    =====2:49 - `' `' . - `' `' . - 17 .

    =====2:50 - `' `(Nah) ' . `'(Nah) , `' . - `' . `'

  • . `'. , (Schultz, 26:7). - `' `' ( 25:15).

    =====2:51 - `'() . - `' . - `' .

    =====2:52 - ` ' . - ` ' . - `' ` ' .

    =====2:53 - `(Kos) ' . `' () , `' . - `' `'(). ( 4:1-22; 5:19-31), `' . - .

    =====2:54 - `'. - `'.

    =====2:55 - . ( 9:20, 21). ` ' , (Fensham, Brockington). , (B.C. 705-681) , () (Mendelsohn, Slavery in the Ancient Near East ; Meyer) . , 41 `'(Zababa) . - `'. - `'. - `'.

    =====2:56 - ` ' . - `' `' . -`' . `' (47).

    =====2:57 - ` ' . 4 `' . - `'() . - `( ) ' . `'(* ) `'(* ) . `' , ` ' `' (Fensham, B.D.B) - `' . 7:59 `' .

    =====2:58 ` '(43-54) ` '(55-57) . (* , ) - `' .

    =====2:59 ... - . `' `' `' . () . `'. , `' ` ' .

  • . - `' . `' `' . - `' 7:61 `' - . , () . ( 34:12-16; 6:14). - `'(* , ) `' `' `'(* ) ,( 8:18; 33:23; 3:8; 6:8). , (1) ,(2) .

    =====2:60 - ` ()' (2-58). - ` ' . - ` ' . ` ' B.C. 586 ( 41:15). , ` '(2) . - `' . ` ' (48 ; 7:50), `' .

    =====2:61 - (59, 60) . . - `' ` ' . - `' ` ' . `'( 24:10) . -`' `' . `' ( 17:27-29). `' . `' , . ( 27:4; 36)

    =====2:62 - 61 ` ', ` ' ` '. ... - . , , . , `'(* , ) . , ( 5:17). `'(* , ) ` ' .

    =====2:63 - `' `'(* ) (Rawlinson). . (1) `' `'(* ) ,(2) ( 8:9; 10:1). `' (Fensham). , . - `' (2). . `' ( 23:6, 9, 10) , . `' ` '

  • . `' ` ' . ` ' , () . - `'(* , ) ` ' . ( 2:3, 10; 7:33,34). . .

    =====2:64 ... - 3-60 29,818 . . (1) 3-60 (Seder, Olam, Raschi,Ushei), (2) 3-60 20 12 (Mich). (3) 3-60 20 (Williamson), (4) (7:66) 3-60 (Keil, Schultz) . (Fensham). , `'(* , ) (3) .

    =====2:65 - `'(* , ) ` '. , 42,360(Williamson). ` ' 42,360 . 1/6 , ( 24:14, 15 ). - (1) (Rawlinson),(2) (Williamson, Schultz, Keil) . , () (64) , , ( 2:8) . . 19 ( 1:6). ()( 1:10, 11).

    =====2:66 - . (6:12). - .

    =====2:67 - . - () (9:3).

    =====2:68 - ` ' B.C 586

  • ( 25:10; 36:19). ( 5:17), 50 . . - (1:2, 3). `' (1) ( 22:2; 3:1), (2) ` ' ( 21:1) ( 21:18-22) , ( 21:18, 19; 22:1). - ( 35:5, 21-29) . `'(* , ) `' ( 36:21) .

    =====2:69 (* , ) - `' `'(* ) . , (8:3). - `'(* , ) `' `' `'(* ) `', `', `', `'() . `'(* , ) ` ' `'(* ) , ` ' . ` ' ` ' . - `' . 1 () 11 , ` ' 671,000 , () 6 7 (Pulpit Commentary). - `' , 1 34 . ` ' () 170,000 . - ( 2:19). ` ' ` '( 7:72) . .

    =====2:70 ... - `... ' . `' . `' . - (Fensham). - (41). - (42). - . (2; 3:1; 6:16, 17; 7:13; 8:29, 35) - , . `'(* , ) `' `' , ( 20:15; 21:2; 7:5). 3

    =====3:1... - `7' `' . 9 10 . `7' `' . `' ( 23:41) . , `'(* , ) `' `' `'(* ) , (9:4; 20:11; 30:13). `' `'

  • .

    =====3:2... - `7' `' . 9 10 . `7' `' . `' ( 23:41) . , `'(* , ) `' `' `'(* ) , (9:4; 20:11; 30:13). `' `'.

    =====3:3 - ` ' (NIV). ` ' ` ' . , . (4:2)., `'(* , ) `'(* ) `~' `~' `'(* ) ( 15:12; 15:16; 2:9 20:25). - ` ' (2:68). (1). ... - `' ( 29:38, 39; 28:3, 4).

    =====3:4 - `' `', `' 3 ( 23:14-16; 3422 1613-17). `' `' `' , , , . , 7( 10) 15 ( 29:12) 8 , (). , , . , . - 8 . , , 13 12. 215 ( 29:13-38).

    =====3:5 - . - ( 29:42; 28:3-6). , . - ( 10:10;28:11-15; 20:5; 10:33; 1:13). . ... - `'( 23:5-8), `'( 23:15-21),`'( 23:23-25), `'(4; 23:33-36), `'( 23:27-32) . `' . , . ( 23) . - (Fensham, 22:18,21; 35:8).

  • =====3:6 - . , . ( 16; 23:26-32; 29:7-11). . , . ... - , . - .

    =====3:7 - `' `' . `'(* , ) ` '( 5:15). ` '( 2:18) `'(, * ) `'( 44:12), `'( 44:13), `'( 12:12), `'( 40:19) . ... - (Kidner). ( 12:20} ( 5:8-11; 2:10-15). `' `' B.C. 9 . B.C. 9 . , () . , . `' 48Km `' 40Km . - , . `' (1:3, 4). , . (Batten). - ` ' , () `'(Cedrus Libani). 36m , 12m . ( 2:9) . , . - `' . 1.6Km . `' `' (1:3) 43m () . 56Km . `' . ( 5:9)

    =====3:8 - . , . - (Williamson), B.C. 536 `', ( 6:1). , . , 4, 5

  • (Grosheide). - 2 . - 2. - 2 . ... - 2 ` ' , . ... - 25 ( 8:24). 20 ( 23:24, 27; 31:17).

    =====3:9 - `' ` '(2:40) . - `' `' (2:40). (* , ) - `'(* ) (Keil and Delitzsch). , ` ' ` ' `' . ` ' ` ` ' . - 2 (2:40). . , . - ` ' (2:41, 42). - . - `'(* , ) `' `'(), `' ( 35:24; 9:23; 23:4). ` ' () . (* , ) - `', `' ( 15:21; 23:4; 34:13), , () . .

    =====3:10 ... - `'(* , ) 7 `' . ` '(* , ) ` ' ` '( 104:8) , ` ' (31:7; 38:4; 24:2; 54:11). - ` '. ` '(* , ) ` ' , ` ' ( 6:10; 16:4). - ` ' . , . `'(* ,) ` ' . (`'; 19:3) (`'; 15:28; 15:14; 5:8) () . - 2:41 . - `'(* , ) () , . (Cymbals) . `'(* , ) `'() () ( 11:24; 27:22; 8:14; 11:15;19:5; 20:21). - ` ' . ( 13:14; 13:22) . , ` ' 2 ` ' (Williamson).

  • , (2), . `' ( 15:16-24). - `'(* ,) `'( 16:36), `'( 25:3; 113:1; 146:1), `'( 12:15; 14:25) . ` ' `'(* ) ( 113:9; 115:18; 116:19; 135:21).

    =====3:11 ... - ` ' `' `' `', . `'`' (). () - `'() . `' . `' . , `'(* , ) `' . ... - `'(* , ) (Fensham). ( 3:22, 23). `'(* , ) ` ' . - (1:3). - ( 4:5). .

    =====3:12 - ( 25:13; 36:19) B.C. 586 . (B.C. 536) 50 . . - ()(5:17; 7:10, 11) (2:3). () ( 5:6). - ` ' , . ` ' (1) , (2) . - . - (1) , (2) 2 . , `'(* , ) `', ( 6:5; 4:5; 13:15; 95:1).

    =====3:13 . , (Rawlinson). ... - . `' `' . . , . - `'

  • `'(* , ) . ., , , . 4

    =====4:1 . 20 (6:15). . - ` ' . ` ' , (1) , (2) , (3) `' . `'(* , ) ` ' ` ' `'(* ) , `' ( 33:55; 129:1; 11:13;63:18; 30:16; 1:2). . . (B.C. 722) `', `', `', `' `' ( 17:23, 24). , . () ` ' ( 17:29-33). - .

    =====4:2 - (2:2) (3:2). (* , ) - () `', () `' ( ) ` ' ( 18:23; 32:16; 9:18; 20:28). ... - . ( 4:20). . ( 17:24-33). (Edwin Yamauchi). ... - `' , . `'(* ,) `', `' , ( 16:11; 30:19). - ( 17:24), B.C.681-669 (). - `'(* ,) `' , ` '(* , ) ` ' , .

    =====4:3 ... - , () . (1) , (2) , (3) . ... - `' (1)

  • (1:2, 3). (2) (1:4) . ... - () . () ( 25:11; 19:10, 14) .

    =====4:4 - ` ' . , , ` ' . `' `' ` `' (6:22; 18:46; 18:3; 29:12; 38:4). ` '(* ,) `', `' `'(* ) . ( 6:9; 49:24; 50:43; 3;16). (* , ) - `', `' `'(* ) . ( 45:3; 32:18; 83:15; 11:44).

    =====4:5 - . 4 (B.C. 536) . , . , ( 10:2). , 3( 10:1). ` ' B.C.522 ( 4-16 , ` ' ). 16 . `' `'(B.C. 539-529), `'(B.C. 523-522) . `' . , `' , ( ) 1 `' . 1 (6:1-12) - `'(* , ) `' `' `'(* ) . `' () ( 23:8; 12:3; 17:23). ` '(* , )` ' `' `'(* ) (Davidson), ( 30:16; 23:4; 9:4; 6:12). () - `'(* , ) `' `' `'(* ) , () `' . ` '(word play) , . ` '(* ,) `', `' `'(* ) .

    =====4:6 ...() - `' ( 1:1). B.C. 485 464

  • , B.C. 516 . , . , . , `'(* , ) `', `' `' `'(* ). `' `' `' ( 1:6). . .

    =====4:7 23 . . 6 18 . 7:12-26. - `' `' B.C. 464 424 . B.C. 516 3 ( 4:1 ). ......... - `'(* ) `' . . (1)`... ()' `' , . (2) ` ' ` ' . (3) () . (3) (Fensham). `' `(Mithra, ) ' `'(1:8). `' `' . - ` ' . , . , . . .

    =====4:8 ... - ` ' , 7 . 7 , . `'(* , ) (Davidson). `' ` ' , () . `', (Herodotus). `' `' . (* , ) - `~ '(against) . 6 `' .

    =====4:9 - `'( ) `' . ` '(* ,) `' `' (NIV, Williamson, Fensham).` ' , . () (Fensham, Frye). (* , ) -

  • `' . ` ' . - (1) `( ) ' ()(Galling), (2) `'(), `' `' (Bowman) . , . - (1) `'(chief officers) (NEB), (2)` ' (RSV, Schaltz, Rawlinson), (3) ` ' (IDB) . (1) , (2) `'(* ) , (3) . - `' . - () . , . . - ` '(* , ) `'(* ) . ` ' (LXX, NIV, Williamson,Meyer). `' ( 1:2) .

    =====4:10 - `' ` () ' . , `' `' (Rawlinson). `'(2) `'(B.C. 669-626). `' . . , . (1) , (2) (Fensham). - `' ` '. ` ' . `'(* ,) `' . ` ` ' , ( 4:24). `'(Athura) . ` ' . 64Km, 40Km . ` ' , .

    =====4:11(* , ) - `'() . 12 () . , `' `'() . - ` ' 10 . `'(* , ) ` ' . `' , ( 14:22; 19:14; 1:26).

    =====4:12 - ` ' (1) B.C. 537 (Keil, Rudolph), (2) (W-illiamson, Kidner, Fensham, Bright)

  • . , . `'(* , ) `' `' ( 2:29; 7:3, 8, 20). ` ' (4). - `' . ` '(* , ) `'(to us) . , . ,` ' `' `' `' . `' ` ' . - , ( 18:7; 24:1,10,20; 33:111) `'(* , ) ` ' `'(* ) . (Fensham). ... - `'(* ,) `' `' `'(* ) `' (Williams-on, NIV). `' `'(* , ) `' `' `' . `'(* , ) . (1) `' `'(* ) (Fensham). (2) `' `'(* ) (Davidson, Schults) . 80 , . . . ` ' ` ' . - `' B.C586 ( 25:10). . , .

    ` '(* , ) `' `' `'(* ) . ` ' . () . (2:13).

    =====4:13 (* , ) - `' , (Fensham). (* , )- (Driver) () (Brockington). (* ,) - . - , . , . . ` ' . . (Fensham). `'(*

  • , ) (1) (2) .

    =====4:14 - . , , (Rawlinson). `' , . ` ' . - `'(* , ) ` ' `'(* ) . `', `' `' (Davidson). (1) `' `' , (2) `' .

    =====4:15 () - (Williamson). () . (Fensham). `'() . - (4:12 ). (Morgenstern) 485 . . `' (10). `' 12,15 `'. - `'(* , ) ` ' ` ' ` ' `'(* ) . ` ' (provinces) . - ( 25:20, 21).

    =====4:16 - 12 `' 13 `' , () - ` ' . , ( 4:21; 15:16). () . 13 (Kidner).

    =====4:17 . , . ... - 9 . (Batten). - ` ' (NIV). `'(* , ) ` ~ ' ` '(Paitigama) (Fensham). () - `'(* ) .

    =====4:18 - `'(* , ) (1) (7)

  • (Fensham), (2) (Rawlinson), (3) `' ` ' `'(* ) (Keil) . , , ( 6:1) , . . .

    =====4:19 - `' (15). `'(* , ) 15`' , (5:17; 6:1). - `' `' (15). . ( 18:7) ( 24:1,20) . - `'(* , ) `' `'(* , ) `' . .

    =====4:20 ... ... - ` ' ` ' , 2, . (4:21, 24). `' ( 9:18) (Edwin Yamauchi) . , . . ( 8:6-12; 10:14,15). `', `', `' 13 .

    =====4:21 - , . - 2:24 (Galling, Rudolph, Williamson). , (1) , (2) ( 1:19; 6:15) . . .

  • =====4:22 (Williamson). - `'(* , ) `' ` ' `'(* ) , `' `' (Davidson). `'(* , ) `' `' `'(* ) , () .

    =====4:23 ()... - `' 11 . `'NIV ` '(as soon as) . `~ ' `'(* ) . . ...... - 8, 9 . - . `'(* , ) `' `' `'(* ) , ( 3:15) ( 4:16). - `'(* ,) `' `' (Davidson) `' . `'(* , ) `' ( 2:32)). ` ' . , () . 1:3 . - `' . B.C. 444 .

    =====4:24 (* , ) - `' `' . `' 3 () . 6-23 . 5 . - B.C.522 485 , `' B.C. 521( 520) . 5

    =====5:1 ... - . (4:4, 5) ( 1:2). (2:9; 1:17; 2:12; 3:3). 1:15 8:9 2(B.C. 520) 6 24. - `'(* ) `' . ` ' `'(* , 6:30) (IDB). . B.C.520 ( 1:1), ( 2:3) . - `'(* ) ` ' . B.C. 520 ( 1:1) . ( 12:16). `' . `'(* ,) `' `' `' ( 12:16; NIV). `' ( 9:29; 12:15; 13:22).

  • - ` ' (3:11) ` ' `' . . ` ''( 1:13; 1:1, 2). - . ` ' , .

    =====5:2 ... - 2:2 . (* , ) - () . ( 16:12; 44:26; 60:1). , ( 1:14). - `' `' . `' ` ' `'() . - `' . 8 ( 1:1, 14, 15). 16 . - . - ( 2:1, 10; 1:1, 7; 7:1), () .

    =====5:3 - `' `' (Williamson, Fensham).B.C. 521 , B.C. 520 (J.M. Myer). , . ` '`' . `'(* , ) `'( 20:24), `'( 8:9; 9:3; 3:2, 3) (6:7; 1:1,14), . - `' ` ' . `' `' (4:8). ` ' `' . (* , ) - `' , 4:2 `' . `' . 6:13 , (Williamson). `' , (Fensham). - ` ' ` '(Williamson, NIV) . () - `'(* , ) . ` ', ` ' (Kraeling, Tuland, Mowinckel). (Rudolph) `'

  • . , `'() 4:13 `' .

    =====5:4 ...(* , ) - `1 ' `3 ' `' (NIV,RSV). , ` : ?' . `' `'. `' (14, 16). .

    =====5:5 ... - ` ~ ' . . ... - ` ' . ( 34:15). - 6-17 `' . () - ` '. `', .

    =====5:6 - , ` '(Fensham) ` '(Meyer) . `' (4:9 ).

    =====5:7 - . ` ' . () () - ` ' , ` () ' (Joseph Blenkinsopp). .

    =====5:8 (* , ) - `' `' ( 6:3 , `(* ) ' ). ... - . - . (1) ` ' ` ' (Fensham). (2)` ' (Williamson,Kidner, Schultz) . , , `' `' , (3:12) , (2) . - ` '(* , ) (1)`' `' `'(* ) `'(Grosheide, Davidson), (2) `' `' `'(* ) , ` ' `'

  • (Fensham), (3) `' `'(* ) ` ' (Williamson) . , (3:12) , () , `' , . `' 2 `' , ` ' . - (1) (Rudolph). (2) (Thompson, Kidner, Schultz, Williamson) . , .

    =====5:9 ... - 3 .

    =====5:10 () ... - (4).

    =====5:11 - ` ' (Fensham). `' ` ' `'(Ormuzd) . . 12 , , () (Kidner). ` ' (Schultz). - B.C. 966 ( 6:1) 7 B.C. 959 ( 6:38). 2 B.C. 518 20 . - . `'(* , )(4:10). (* , ) - , `' .

    =====5:12 - `'. - 1:2 ` ' . 1:2 . 11 ` ' (11 ). (* , ) - `' `' `' ( 24:20). - `' () (Neo-Babylonian Empire, B.C. 626-539) . . - `' `'. `' `'(B.C. 626-605) , (B.C.605) . B.C. 605 598 , B.C. 586 (

  • B.C. 588 ) . `( ) '(Dougals). - . `'(* , ) `' . - 25:9 36:19 . ... - . B.C. 605 ( 1:1-5). , 7 1, ( 24:10-17). ( 25:8). (B.C582) ( 52:30).

    =====5:13 () - `' ` ' , , . ` , , , , , () ' (Pritchard). ` ' , (Fensham). . - (1) , (2) (1:4) .

    =====5:14 1:7, 8 .

    =====5:15 . , (1:7 ). . (* , ) - ` ' . (Gall-ing).

    =====5:16 - (4:1-5) , . `' `' () . ` '(* , ) `' `'(* ) . , ` ' . 16 , .

    =====5:17 - ` ' . , `

  • ' (7:18; 1:19) . - `'(* , ) `', `' `'(* ) `' . ` ' . , ` ' , . () (Rassam)(Fensham). - . (* , ) - `' `'(* ) `' `' . (* , ) - ` ' `'(* ) . . 6

    =====6:1 - . '' '' . ... - ' ' . . . ... - , '' . '' , . , '', ( 1:1), '' () (Fensham). , . .

    =====6:2 () ... - (1:1) B.C. 538 (Fensham). '' (1 ). '' , '', ''. , B.C. 550 . ''(* , ) '' '' , '' (Fensham). '' , 7 (Herodotus). - ''(* , ) ''()'' '' . , , , '' (Rawlinson, Williamson). - '' ''() ''(* ) (DeVaux). 3 5 1:2 (E.J.Bickerman). , (Kidner).

    =====6:3 - B.C. 539

  • . , B.C. 538 () () . ... - . ' ', . '' '' (Galling). ... - ( 6:2). , . , .

    =====6:4 - ''(* , ) ''. , () '' (Schultz). '' (5:8). ' ' . , '''' . 3 , 4 (LXX). '', . , . - , . . - . (4:13), (8). .

    =====6:5 1:7 .

    =====6:6 . ... - 5:3 . () . . - ' ' (Williamson) ' ' (Rundgren,Fensham) . , (Williamson).

    =====6:7 - '' '' .

    =====6:8 - (6) . (* , ). 4:13,20 '' . ... - ''(* , ) '' ,''(* , ) '' (Williamson, NIV).

    =====6:9 . , (Fensham). . (* , ) - ' ' .

  • ... - . ( 29:38-46 ; 2:1 ; 28:1-8). (Fensham). - ( 9:2,3). - ( 5:15 ; 6:6). - . - () ( 29:40, 41 ; 2:14, 15). - ' ' . 3 ' ' . - ''( , ) '', '', '' (Davidson). ' ' . . .

    =====6:10 ... - , ( 29:7). (Pritchard). (Fensham). ''(Ormuzd) , . () (5:1, 2 , ' '). - ''(* ) '' (NIV, 8:21 ; 28:2 ; 2:46).

    =====6:11 () - , . ( ) , . (4:21 ; 1:19 ; 6:15). - ' ' ' '(* , ), ' '(* , ) . . , . (Fensham). '' , . (Herodotus) , 1 3000 (Edwin Yamauchi). ( 40:22 ; 25:4). ( 21:22, 23). ... - . () ( 2:5 ;3:29). '' ( 10:27).

    =====6:12 - . . - '' '' '' (

  • 11:23). - 3 . - , 12:21 . . ' ' , . - ''(* , ) '' '' , . , (Behistun Inscription) . - . - ''(NIV), '' .

    =====6:13 - . (14).

    =====6:14 - . '' '' . ''(* , ) ' ' . (* , ) - ' ' . B.C. 516 . B.C. 519 ( 2:10). B.C.518 . B.C.518 . . , B.C. 519 518 . - . (1) ( 44:28). (2) (1:1-3), (3) . - . , , (Fensham). '' . B.C. 516, B.C. 464 424 . , (1) (7:20, 27), (2) () .

    =====6:15 - '' B.C. 522(486) . ' ' B.C. 517 . - 12, 2,3. , B.C. 516 . 2 B.C. 536 (3:8), B.C. 516 . () 20 . ( 1:15, B.C. 520) 4 . 70 . '' A.D. 70 ''(Titus) 585 (

  • ). 373 (B.C. 959-586).

    =====6:16 - '' . '' . ' ' '... ' () . ' ' '' '' . ' ' (Fensham). , (19:1-6 ; 4:1-4 ; 18:31), ' ' (17). - . ( 32:26-29 ; 10:8), . (* , ) - '' '' . . ( 20:5) ( 12:27) (Kidner).

    =====6:17 . 22,000, 120,000 ( 8:63 ; 7:5). ( 1:9) (Fensham). ... - ''( 6:24-30) ''( 16) 7 . , . '' ( 28:22 ; 29:24). - , . .

    =====6:18 , . () - 24:1-19 , 24 . ( 11:9 ; 23:4 ; 1:5, 8). '' . (2:36-39). ''(* , ) '' ''( ) . '' (1) , (2) . - 24'' ( 25:9-31). ''(* , ) '' '' ''(* ) '' '' . - '' . ( 11:20). - ' ' 29, 8 3 (Fensham). ' ' (Kidner).

  • =====6:19 4:8 6:18 . ... - , (12:24-27) . . 2 (K. Koch). . . B.C. 726 ( 30),B.C. 624 ( 35) . . - ( 12:6 23:5). 7( 12:15-20 ; 23:15).

    =====6:20 ... - ( 30, 35). , ' ' ( 29:34), (Williamson). ( 21:1), () ( 15:16-18), (30:18, 19 ; 8:6 ; 22:4-9) . ... - '' . (Fensham, 30:17). ( 30:16, 17), ( 35:10-12, Schultz). ''(* , ) ( 34:25 ; 4:24 ; 1:25).

    =====6:21 . -2 . ... - (1) (J.S. Wright), (Keil, Schultz), (3) (Williamson, Fensham, Kidner, Meyer) . , (17), , , , ( 12:44, 48) , . ''(* , ) '' '' ''(* ) , ( 23:13 ; 10:28). ''(* ,) '' '' , ( 77:2 ; 109:10 ; 9:13). - ' ' . ( 12:44, 48). '' '() ' 279 , 64% 15% . ( 2:23 ; 36:18) ()(9:11) . (* , ) - ' ' .

  • . - , . . - . .

    =====6:22 (* , ) - ' '. . , (EdwinYamauchi). () - '' ( 12:15-20 ; 23:15). ' ' 15 21 . ... - (1:1) . . ''(* , ) ( 20:27; 5:11 ; 9:2 ; 16:9 ; 32:11). ... - ''(* , ) '' '' . ''' ' , (1) , ,(2) . ' ' , () () . , ' ' ( 9:32), '' ' ' . ''(* , ) '' '' ''(* ) , . (* , ) - '' '' ''(* ) , ( 1:38 ; 16:28 ; 11:25 ; 35:3). 7

    =====7:1 - . 6 60 . (B.C. 485-464) (4:6). -B.C. 464 424 6 . B.C. 404-359 2, . (* ) - ' '. - '' ' ' ( 6:14, 15). , '' ( 25:18 ; 52:24). ''(* , ) '' . '' '' '' . '' ( 6:3-15). - '' ' ' . () ( 6:13, 14). - .

  • ( 22:4-14 ; 34:14-22). ''.

    =====7:2 - '' ( 6:12, 13). . 9:11 '' . ''. - ' ' '' '' ( 6:12). '' . ''. - ' ' . ( 6:11, 12). ' '.

    =====7:3 - '' '' . - '' 4 ( 6:8-10). 1'' (). , . - '' (6:6-8). '' '' 7 . , '' '' .

    =====7:4 - '' ' ' . . 6:5, 6 '' ''. - '' '' .

    =====7:5 - '' ' ' (6:4). - '' ( 6:3, 4), () ( 25:7-13). ( 106:30, 31). ( 22:9-34). - ( 6:3).'' '' '' (10:1, 2). '' ( 20:25-28). - '' , . , , .

    =====7:6 - . - '' '' (Aharoni). B.C. 537 (Fensham). , ''(* , ) () . - 6:22 . - ' ' ' ' , ( 19:5-8). , ''(*

  • , ) '' '' ''(* ) , . '' '' . (* , ) - '', ' ' ''(* ) . '' ( , ' ' ). , (Herodotus). ' ' (14, 15 ; 1:13, 14, Joseph Blenkinsopp). , , . - ' ' . , (9, 28 ;8:18 ; 2:8, 18). - . 11-26 (1) , (2) , (3) () .

    =====7:7 - '' B.C. 464 ' 'B.C.458 . - . B.C. 537 1 . - (2:40). - (2:41). - (2:42). - (2:43). - 8 1-14 ' ' 1,773.

    =====7:8 ... - ' ' ' ' . - 7 ' ' , (Fensham). , (6, 9). ' ' ' '(9), 5 . 800 5 (1) (8:15, 31), (2) (8:21), (3) (Fensham). , .

    =====7:9 . , (Fensham). ''( 3, 4), ''( 7, 8), .

  • =====7:10 , ''(* ) . '' . '' ' ' . . - 6 . (* , ) - '' '' ''(* ) , (Rawlinson, 1:10,11). (* , ) - '', '' ''(* ) , ( 1:31 ; 6:22 ; 5:27 ; 23:23). - ''(* , ) '' ' ' (Davidson) ''(* ) ,' ' ' ' ( 10:13 ; 23:12 ; 5:22). ''(* , ) '' '' ''(* ) . ( 18:4 ; 103:6) . , , . '' . , '' , '' (JosephBlenkinsopp). (* , ) - ''(Davidson) ' '(Meyer) . ''(Fensham).

    =====7:11 . (12 ). - ''(* , ) '~ ' '' ''(* ) , . 24:12 . - 1-5 . '' 6. , .

    =====7:12 26 . - . ' ' . - ''(* , ) '' . '' . , ''(* , ) (1) '' '' '' , (2) '' (Williamson, Schultz, Kidner). '' , ''(* ) ' ' (5:7, Kidner,Williamson).

    =====7:13 - ' ' . - . (Fensham). ,

  • . . - , , (Edwin Yamauchi). '' 24 ' ' . (Ezramaterial) '' (14 ; 9:9 ; 10:7, 9).

    =====7:14 ... - ' ' ' ' ' ' . . (* , ) - '' (Williamson). - . . , (Fensham). . . - . 1:14 ' ' . . - .

    =====7:15 ... - ' ' (1) () ,(2) (23 ; 6:10) . - 1:5 5:14, 16 6:12 ' ' .

    ====7:16 . () ... - (1:4). ... - ' ' (7, 13). 1 (2:68, 69).

    =====7:17 1 . (1) (6), (2) (Kidner). - '' 2 '' 15:5-7.

    =====7:18 - (Rawlinson, Schultz). - '' (3:2). - ' ' () (Williamson).

    =====7:19 (* , ) - ''' ''(* )

  • . - ''(* , ) '' '' ''(* ) , . - . (1:7-[1). (8:25-27)

    =====7:20 (17). - ' ' . (6:8) (Fensham).

    =====7:21 (1) , (2) (Fensham). () - . '' . - 11 .

    =====7:22 - 34kg . - 1 1 220l. - 1 22l . - . . , ( 43:24). ' '( 18:19 ; 13:5).

    =====7:23 - ' ' . - ' '. '' NIV . (* , ) - ' ' '', (Fensham). ... - '' (Fensham). ''(* , ) ''(* ) ( 1:53 ; 18:5 ; 9:20 ;22:20).

    =====7:24 . . '' ' ' (Williamson, Fensham). - (2:40). ... - (2:41, 42). - (2:43). - '' '' . , ' ' ' ' 2:55 ' '. - 4 13 .

  • =====7:25 (* , ) - ''(* ) . ' ' . . - ''(* , ) '' ' ' ''(* ) . , ''(* , ) '' ''(* ) . . , (Fensham) '' '' . , '' . (customary law) , '' . '' . , ''(* , ) '' '' ''(* ) . ... - ' ...' . (1) (Kidner, Rawlison), (2) (Schultz, Fensham) . , 14 ' ' , , (1) . - . , . . - , (6). .

    =====7:26 - '' . '' (25). - . ''(25). (* , ) - '' '' ''(* ) . - , (17, 21; 5:8 ; 6:8, 12, 13). - ' ' (NIV). ,() ( 6:15). . ()(* , ) - (1) '' ''(* ) ' ' (Vulgate, 10:8), (2) '' '' '' (LXX,Fensham) . (Fensham) , , () (KJV, RSV,NIV ; banishment). () - . .

  • (10:8) . . ( 8:12 ; 21:15).

    =====7:27 . - ( 6:3 ; 13:6; 18:3 ; 2:12). - (29:10, 20 ; 16:7 ; 26:12 ; 34:1 ; 63:4 ; 145:10). ... - (1:1 ;5:5). ' ' ''(* ) '' '' ''(* ) . ( 149:4 ; 55:5 ; 60:7, 9, 13). . '' (60:7, 13). , (Fensham). ' '.

    =====7:28 '' 1 . ''(Ezra Memoirs) (-9) . ... - ''(* , ) 1:3 () . - ' ' . ''(* , ) . . ' '(* , ) '' '' ''(* ) . ' ' (27). - '' '' '' ( 6:1 ; 9:3 ; 8:3 ; 59:1). (* ,) - ' ' '' ''(* ) . ( 13:20 ; 4:9 ; 20:22: 7:13). - '' . ''(* , ) '' '' (1:5 ; 2:68 ; 8:10 ; 1:2). ''(* , ) ( 12:4 ; 7:5 ; 6:24 ; 24:5). 8

    =====8:1 1 14 2 . 1 (2:3-63) 1/3 ( ,' ' ). 4-14 ' ' 2:3-15 . , (2). 2 . - 4 , '' . (* , ). ' '. (* , ). '' ''

  • ''(* ) . ' '.

    =====8:2 - ( 6:3, 4) ( 6:4), (7:5). . - '' . . - ( 6:3). '' . '' '' ( 1:3). ( 2:26, 27, 35). - '' . . - . 1 (1:8 ; 2:2). - 3:19-22 4 . B.C. 560 25 , 4 B.C.458(Fensham).

    =====8:3 - .

    =====8:4 - 2:6 . - ' ' . - ' '.

    =====8:5 - ' ' . - ''.

    =====8:6 - 2:15 . - '' ' ' '' .

    =====8:7 - 2:7 . - ' ' . - '' .

    =====8:8 - 2:4 . - '?'.

    =====8:9 - 1 . '' ' ' . - ' ' . - ' ' .

    =====8:10 - ' ' . (1) , (2) ' '(2:10), (3) 4-12 , , . '' '' . - '' .

    =====8:11 - 2:11 .

    =====8:12 - 2:12 . - '' . - '

  • '.

    =====8:13 - ' ' (2:13). (* , '') - ' ' ''(* ) , . ' ' . (Fensham). - ' ' . - ' ' . - '' .

    =====8:14 - 2:14 . - '' . - '' .

    =====8:15 - (). '' . ' ' (Rawlinson). '' '' . () - . , '' ( 2:11). ... - (Edwin Yamauchi). 1 (2:40-42). (Williamson).

    =====8:16 - '' . , '' . . '' (2-14). '' , '' (Fensham). (13). - ' ' . - ' ()' . - 13 . - ' ' . - ' ' . - '' . - ' ' . - ''. (* , ) - '' '' ''(* ) . '' ''' ' ( 8:8, 9). - ''.

    =====8:17 - '' ''(Ktesiphon) (Brockington). '' ''() (Kraeling). () . , ''(* ,) ' ' . (1) '' ''(* ) , (2) '' '' ( 12:5, 11 ; 14:23 ; 8:29 ; 7:3,6, 7) . (1) (Elephantine) ''(Michaeli, Williamson), (2) (Pelaia)

  • . , , (18-20) . , '' . '' ( , ' ' ). - ''(* ) '' . '' ''. '' . ... - (1) ' '(* ,) ''(* ) ' ' ' ' (Torrey), (2) ' '(* ) ' ' ' , ' (Williamson), (3) '' ' ' '' (Keil), (4) '' ' ' (Rawlinson) . , ' ' , 18 ' ' , '' ' ' '' , . - ' ' . (* , ) - '', '' ''(* ) , ( 16:4 ;27:1).

    =====8:18 , - '' '' (1) ( 2:1),(2) ( 32:24-29) . - '' () '' ( 4:31-33). '' ( 6:19 ; 23:21 ; 24:26). , ''. ' ' . ... ''(* , ) '' '' ' ' . NIV ' '(capable man) . , '' ' () ' . (24, 8:47, 54), (8:7 ; 9:4, 5; 10:12). '' .

    =====8:19 - '' '' '' . , '' '' ( 6:19). ,'' ( 6:16).

    =====8:20 - 2:43 (7:7). ... - . ( 23-26), (Fensham). , ''(* , )

  • ' ' . , ' ' . - (Myers). () , . - .

    =====8:21 - '' '' ( 7:5,6 ; 20:3-13 ; 4:16). . - . , ' '(* , ) ' ' '' ''(* ) . (16:9 ; 2:26 ; 107:17 ; 10:12). (* , ) - ''. (Myers). (* , ) - ' ' ( 40:3, 4). ' ' (NIV, Williamson). (31) (Fensham).

    =====8:22 ... ......... - ( 15:2 ; 2:6-10). - (21). ... - , . , . ( 2:7-9). . .

    =====8:23 31.

    =====8:24 30 ' ' . ... - '... ' . , ' ' . ' ' (18). (* , ) - '' '' ''(* ) , ( 1:14 ; 10:10 ; 10:8 ; 25:1). () . , (Brockington, Myers)., (7:10).

    =====8:25

  • (7:16). - . - 7:28 . - . (9:30). (* ,) - '' '' ''(* ) , ( 2:9 ; 18:30, 32 ; 35:8).

    =====8:26 - (Myers) 8.5 . - 3.75 . .

    =====8:27 ... ... - '' (7:20). ' ' () 11,000 (2:69). - . (Driver).

    =====8:28 - ( 29:1 ; 39:30 ; 21:6 ; 3:12,13). ''(* , ) '' '' ''(* ) , (McComiskey). ... - ' ' . '' .

    =====8:29 - , (Williamson, Rawlinson, 6:15 ; 13:5). - ''(* , ) '' ( 1:7). ' ' (33). - '' ''(* ) . '' '' (Williamson). - '' . (Fensham). (34).

    =====8:30 ... - . , (24).

    =====8:31 ... - ' ' (7:9). 9 12 (Keil,Fensham). (* , ) - '' '' ''(* ) , ( 32:11 ; 12:10 ; 25:20 ; 22:3).

  • =====8:32 - ''(* , ) '' '' ''(* ) . (Fensham).

    =====8:33 - 3:4, 21 ' ' . 2:61 ' ' () . , . , '' '' '' '' . - ' ' . - ' ' ''(* ) , '' (10:18; 12:41, 42). - (1) ( 8:7), (2) (10:23), (3) ( 11:16) . '' ''. - '' '' ( 3:24). ''. , '' ' ' 8:63 '' . - '' (Fensham).

    =====8:34 (29), . ' ' (31) , (Kidner). - (Rawlinson). .

    =====8:35 (* , ) - '' '' ''(* ) ' ' ' ' . 24:15 41 . . - ' '. . - (1) , (2) (Williamson),(3) . - . (3:3 ; 6:17). - ''(* , ) '' ( 32:15; 50-27). ' ' (6:17). - ' ' . - ' ' ' ' ( 8:66 ; Josephus, Myers). ' ' (1) ,(2) ' ' (Fensham). - , . ... - '' .

  • '' , (Fensham).

    =====8:36 - (7:20-26) . - ''(* , ) '' , ( , ' ' ). (Fensham). . . , '' (Fensham). . '' '' , ' ' , '' '' . - '' ''(NIV). (* , ) - (6:6). ... - (7:20-26) . ''(* , ) '' '' ''(* ) , (Williamson). 9

    =====9:1 - ' '. ' ' (1) (8:33-35), (2) (8:36) . , 5(7:9) 9 20 , 4 . (* , ) - . , (Fensham). (Rawlinson, 10:14, 16). ...... - . ' ' , . - . , . - ''(* , ) '' '' ''(* ) , ( 23:13 ; 10:28). ............ - . ' ', ' ' ( 7:1). ...... - . ' '( 36:9) . - '' ( 7:26 ; 21:26 ; 14:1 ; 53:1) ''( ). '' () (2).

    =====9:2 - ( 6:2). , (12).

  • . ( 34:16 ; 7:3). ... - '' '' . '' , . (1) (19:6). (2) ( 42:6) '' (Fensham). , ''(* , ) '' '', '' ''(* ) , ( 106:35 ; 24:21). - ''(* , ) '' (* , ) . '' (Fensham). '' (1). ''(* ,) '' '' '' (Williamson). '' '' (Williamson). '', (Widengren). (Williamson). - ''(* , )' ', '' ''(* ).

    =====9:3 - ' '. (* , ) - ' ' ' '(NIV, williamson) . (1) . . - (Schultz, Fensham, 37:29,34 ; 13:19 ; 1:20). (1) , (2) . , (Fensham). - (Schultz, 13:25 ; 50:6). , , (Fensham, Joseph Blenkinsopp). - ' '(* , ) '' ''(* ) , ( 4:19 ;8:27).

    =====9:4 - . - (10:3 ; 66:2, 5). (1) . (2) . , ( 36:12-16) . ''(* , ) , ''(* ) ( 7:3

  • ; 4:13). - (1) (3) . , ' ' , . - 3 ( 3:1). '' ''(* , )' ' (Davidson) , (Kapelrud).

    =====9:5', '' ''(* ) (16:29, 31 ; 119:107 ; 53:7). . , 8:21 10:6 . , ''(* , ) '' (1:5). - , (Williamson). - ( 9:29 ; 8:22 ; 1:15).

    =====9:6 - ''(* , ) ()'', ( )'', '' ''(* ) ( 42:17 ; 22:22 ; 10:6), (1) , (2) (Fensham). ''(* , ) ' ' ''(* ), '' ( 35:4 ; 45:16 ; 31:19). . - (1,2) (7). ... - . 1 , 1 . 3-5 . . .

    =====9:7 - ( 7:39) () ( 9:6-35). - (Fensham). 18 . 20:5 , . ( 18:5-9). ... - . , '' '' '' ( 15:19), '' ''( 15:29), '' '' ( 17:3, 6), '' '' ( 33:11), '' ( 23:29), '' '' ( 23:33), ''

  • ( 24:12 ; 25:6, 7) .'' ( 25:18 ; 52:24). - . ( 25:13-17). - (Williamson).

    =====9:8 - (1:1). '' B.C. 537 B.C. 458 2 80(Fensham). (Fensham, Rawlinson). - . ' ' ( 10 , ' ' ). - (1) (Schultz, Williamson), (2) (Fensham,Batten, ) . . - ' '. ' ' ., . , (Musil). ' ' , (Fensham). ' ' , (Fensham). , (Williamson). , ' ' . ... - '' . . ( 37:1-4). - , . ' ' . , (1) , (2) ( 6:18, 22) (Williamson,Fensham). - , .

    =====9:9 - (8). '' ' ', '' . - ''(* , ) '', '' '' '' , (8:22 ; 28:20 ; 2:2; 13:10). ... - ''(* , )'' . '' , . (1) ( 1:3), (2) ' ' (3) ''

  • ( 80:12 ; 5:1-7) '' ''(* ) , . '' '' .

    =====9:10 - ' ' , (7) (8,9) . ... - 1, 2 . '' (3, 6).

    =====9:11 ''(* ) , 10 ' ' (NIV, Williamson). ... - '' ( 18:15 ; 34:10 ; 12:10) . , . '' ''. - 18:25 ; 20:22 ; 4:5 ; 1:17 . ''(* , )'' '' '' , '' . ''(* , ) ( 12:2) ( 20:21) ()() ( 29:5 ; 1:17 ; 7:20 ; 36:17). , . - 18:9 ; 16:3 ;21:2 ; 28:3 ; 33:2 '' ' ' . , , (Fensham). ''(1), ''(* , ) '' '' '' (* , ) . .

    =====9:12 11 10 ' ' . ... ... - 7:3 . (2 ; 6:2 ; 26:34 ; 34:16 ; 3:6) , . . . . ( 7:39 ; 6:14). ... - 23:6 . ' ' (1) ' ' ( 19:1-20:6 ; 23:1-18 ; 46:1-28 ; 47:1-7 ; 48:1-47 ;49:1-22), (2) . '' ' ' '',' ' '' (4:25). '' ' ' , ''(Fensham, Williamson) . ' '

  • , , (Ridderbos, 23:32 ; 34:12).

    =====9:13 - . ' ' .

    =====9:14,15 , (13) . . . . -''(* , ) '' '' . 53 23 '', (Hamilton). , ( 26:15 ; 17:18 ; 11:10). (, * ) - ( 1:37 ; 8:46 ; 6:36). '' '' 18:7, 8 . - ''(* , ) (1) '' (Rawlinson, Fensham), (2) '' (Williamson, Keil) . (1) '' ,(2) '' '' , ( 9:33) , (3) . 10

    =====10:1 - ' ' (Schultz). '' . -''(* , ) '' '' ''(* ) (Davidson) (NIV). ''(* , ) '' ''( 23:2 ; 1:10 ; 1:24 ; 22:10). ' '. (9:6-15) . - (1) (9:3). (2) . , (7:25) (Fensham). , '' '' . , .

    =====10:2 ,

  • . - '' 6 (8:3, 5 ; 3:29 ; 6:18 ; 12:3), '' . ' ' 26 ;2:7 ;8:7 . '' (26), (6:21) (Williamson). 26 (Fensham). - '' (1) (Fensham), (2) () (Schultz) . ''(* ,) '' ''(* ) ,(1) ( 49:18 ; 40:31), (2) .

    =====10:3 - ' '(* , ) ''. '', . (7:25) '' . ' ' (7:10) . ''(* , ) '' '' ''(* ) , . ... - ' ', () . '', '' . (1) , (2) , (Fensham, Grosheide). ''(* , ) '' ''(*) ' ' ' '(Gilchrist, 25:28, 30, 31, 33) . - ( 31:32)(6:16, 17). (9:1, 2) (9:10, 15) . (Fensham). - , , . ''(* , ) ' ', ( 7:3, 4). 24:1-4 . ' '( 24:1), .

    =====10:4 - ' '. (7:10). - (1:5). '...' ( 22:16). - ' ' .

  • =====10:5 ... - , ' '. 30:1-8 , '() ' . ... ... - . . () . ( 13:28).

    =====10:6 - '' '' (12:22) (Rawlinson, 3:1 ; 12:10). - '' . '' (8:29). ... - . , (* , ) (LXX) 9 2 '' ''(* ) (Brockington, Myers,Grosheide, Williamson, Fensham, RSV). ... - , ( 34:28 ; 9:18). ( 1:7 ; 20:34 ; 3:35).

    =====10:7 - '' '' '' '','' '' . ' ' , () () . (Fensham). - 1 '' ( 23:17), . , (14).

    =====10:8 () - ' ' (Fensham). (4) . , (Williamson). - , 60km . (7) ' ' (Rawlinson, Williamson). () - (7:26). , '' 7:26 . , ''(* , )7:26 ''(* , ) . '' , '' . , '' , (6:21). . () - 7:26 '()' . ''(*

  • , ) '' '' ''(* ) , (9:1 ; 16:21 ; 23:13 ; 9:2). ' ', . ''(* , ), ( 12:6 ;16:3 ; 16:3 ; 23:1 ; 20:2 ; 28:8 ; 5:13). . , , , . , .

    =====10:9 - . . . ' ' . - (7, 8) . - ' ' ' '( 1:1) , 12 () . , . ... - . , ( 12:17, 18 ; 13:11, 13) . ' '(1) , (2) .

    =====10:10 - '' , . , (Rawlinson). , () .

    =====10:11 (* , ) - '' '' , , (Williamson). , '' . - ' ' (Fensham). ' ' . , . - 8 '' (8 ).

    =====10:12 - ( 15:14 ; 9:4 ).

    =====10:13 , (1) , (2) () , (3)

  • , .

    =====10:14 - . '' '' . ... - , . - '' . , '' ( 19:32 ; 30:26-31). 77( 8:14). '' 7:25 '' . '' '' , . , . ...... - , '' .

    =====10:15 ... - '' '' (1) (13, 14) (Fensham, Williamson, Myers), (2) (Schultz, Rawlinson) . (1) , (2) '' , (3) '' (18-44), (4) , . ...... - (1) '' (Williamson, Fensham, Myers), (2) '' '' '' (Keil, Rawlinson) . , 29 '' () . , '' 8:16 (8:16) '' . , '' ''(* ) () (Fensham) , .

    =====10:16 - . , . ... - , . . ' ' . . ... - ''(* , ) '' '' . '' 2:3-59 . '' ' ' (Fensham). ... - ' ' (9). . '', ''

  • ''(14) () '' '' . () - ( 1:9 ; 1:35, 46).

    =====10:17 ... - ' ' 3 , ' '(16), 12 . 75 . 18-44 110 . , . , 75 110 , . () .

    =====10:18 - 3:2 ; 5:2 ; 1:1 . ' ' (RSV ; NIV). . , (Fensham).

    =====10:19 - ' ' ( 10:15 ; 17:18). ... - '' ( 5:14-16). , (EdwinYamauchi). . , . '' '' . (7:10) (Fensham). .

    =====10:20 - 2:37 . - '' - ' ' . , , (21), (22) .

    =====10:21 - 2:39 . ............ - '' ' ' . 13 , . '' ' ', '' ' ', '' ' ', ''''.

    =====10:22 - 2:38 . ............... - '' ' ' '' ' ', '' ' ' . '''', '' ''.

  • =====10:23 - 2:40 . ............ - '' '', '' ' '( 8:7), '' ' ', '' ''.

    =====10:24 - 2:41 . - ' ' . - 2:42 . ...... - '' '', '' '','' ''.

    =====10:25 - (6:17) (25). - 2:3 . ............ - '' ' ', '' ' ', '' ' ', '' ' ', '' '' .

    =====10:26 - 2:7 . ............ - '' ' ', '' ' ', '' ' ', '' '', '' ' ' .

    =====10:27 - 2:8 . ... - '' ' ', '' ''.

    =====10:28 - 2:11 ; 8:11 . ......... - ''' ', '' ' ' . '' '', '''' .

    =====10:29 - 2:10 . ... - '' 15 '' (15). '' '', '' ' ', '' ' ', '' '' .

    =====10:30 - 2:6 . ... - '' '', '' '' . '' ' ', '' '', '' ' ' .

    =====10:31 - 21 ' ' (2:32). - '' .

    =====10:32 ... - . '' ' ', '' ''.

    =====10:33 - 2:29 . ... - '' '', '' ' ','' ' ', '' '' .

    =====10:34 - 2:10 . ... - '' '', '' '' ,'' '' .

  • =====10:35 ... - '' ' ', '' '' . ' '.

    =====10:36 ...... - '' ' ', '' '', '' '' .

    =====10:37 - ' ' .

    =====10:38 - '' .

    =====10:39 ... - '' ' ' '' '' .

    =====10:40 ...... - '' ' ?''' ' ', '' ''.

    =====10:41 - '' .

    =====10:42 - ' ' .

    =====10:43 - 2:29 . ... - '' ' ' , ''' ' . '' '', '' '', '' '' .

    =====10:44 . , 9 36 ' ' , '' (NIV, RSV). (LXX) . - . . .