1saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti

realuri istoriis damdgenisaqarTvelos sapatriarqos mudmivmoqmedi komisia

mitropoliti anania jafariZe

q a l d e a(saepiskoposoebi lazikaSi)

Tbilisi

2013

rekomendebulia stu-is

saredaqcio-sagamomcemlo sabWos

mier. 06.06.2013, oqmi #3

2saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqis uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II-isa da wmidasinodis mier dasmul sakiTxebs asaxavs mitropolit anania jafariZis vrceli naS-romi ` qaldea~ (saepiskoposoebi lazikaSi).

sabWoTa epoqaSi gavrcelda usafuZvlo Teoria, TiTqosda lazebi VII sauku-nis Semdeg dasavleT saqarTvelodan gadasaxldnen trapezuntis regionSi, sa-dac amJamadac cxovroben. sinamdvileSi, rogorc wyaroebis analizi aCvenebslazebi am (trapezuntis) regionis mkvidri igive qaldebi arian.

strabonis cnobiT qaldebs (xalibebs) aseve uwodebdnen ` alazonebs~, saidanacwarmodga pontospireTisa da misi mosaxleobis saxeli ` lazonia~, ` lazi~.

uwmidesi patriarqi ilia II, aRniSnavs, rom `qaldi~ saerTo qarTul samyaros,kolxeTis centrs, mis guls erqva. iv. javaxiSvilis kvleviT qaldea ara mxolodlazebis, aramed yvela qarTuli tomis samSoblo iyo. qarTuli tomebis es miwa-wyali bizantiis imperiis SemadgenlobaSi aRmoCnda da eklesiurad aq, qaldea-lazikaSi, Camoyalibda fasidis eparqiis petras, rodopolisis, ziganasa da saisi-nis saepiskoposoebi, xolo rac Seexeba dasavleT saqarTvelos, is gaqristianebisSemdeg, IV saukunidanve qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda. fasidis eparqi-is ZiriTadi nawili ara dasavleT saqarTveloSi, aramed aRniSnul qaldea-lazika-Si (trapezunt-Teodosiopolis SemaerTebel gzaze) mdebareobda.

qaldeas, dasavleT saqarTvelosa da sxva qarTuli qveynebis kvlevas exebawinamdebare naSromi, romelic daiwera Cveni uflisa da macxovris iesoqristes sadidebelad da exeba saqarTvelos eklesiis iurisdiqciis sakiTxs.

wignSi mraval wyaroze dayrdnobiT, mimoxilulia, dasavleT saqarTvelos, lazi-ka-qaldeasa da saqarTvelos sxva istoriuli regionebis saeklesio, ekonomikuri,politikuri, administraciuli, yofiTi da geografiuli viTareba pirvelaTaswleulSi.

samecniero redaqtori profesori i. gorgiZe

mitropoliti anania jafariZe, 2013sagamomcemlo saxli ` teqnikuri universiteti~, 2013

ISBN 978-9941-20-324-4

http://www.gtu.ge/publishinghouse/

yvela ufleba daculia. am wignis arc erTi nawili (iqneba es teqsti, foto, ilustracia Tu sxva)aranairi formiT da saSualebiT (iqneba es eleqtronuli Tu meqanikuri), ar SeiZleba gamoyenebuliqnas gamomcemlis werilobiTi nebarTvis gareSe.

saavtoro uflebebis darRveva isjeba kanoniT.

3amonaridi wmida sinodis dadgenilebidan:

`2012 wlis 5 ivliss saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi Sedga wmida sinodis mori-gi sxdoma. sxdomas Tavmjdomareobda sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-pa-triarqi, mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposi da biWvinTisa da cxum-afxaze-Tis mitropoliti ilia II.

wmida sinodma moismina manglisisa da walkis mitropolit ananias (ja-fariZe) moxseneba saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis problematikasTan dakav-SirebiT da ganaCina: vinaidan XIX saukunis meore naxevarSi da gansakuTrebiT,XX s-Si, komunistebis mmarTvelobis xanaSi, mizanmimarTulad Seicvala dagayalbda Sexeduleba saqarTvelos eklesiis sazRvrebis Sesaxeb, mkvidrdebo-da ra azri, TiTqos, dasavleT saqarTvelo IV-X saukuneebSi, anu 600 wlis man-Zilze, ar iyo qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi, amasTan, TiTqos, Crdilo, aR-mosavleT da samxreT saqarTveloSi aseve ar Sedioda Cveni zogierTi istori-uli regioni, daevalos wmida andria pirvelwodebulis qarTul universitets,gadadgas realuri, drouli da qmediTi nabijebi aTeistur periodSi SemuSave-buli ideologiis nacvlad saqarTvelos eklesiis namdvili istoriis war-moCenisa da popularizaciisaTvis.

xeli Seewyos meufe ananias (jafariZe) mier warmodgenili masalebis da-beWdvas da istoriul wyaroebze dayrdnobili im WeSmariti azris ganmtki-cebas, rom `wmida mociqulma andriam iqadaga yovelsa qveyanasa saqarTve-loYsasa~, xolo wminda ninom ` gananaTla yoveli savseba yovelTa qarTvelTanaTesavisa~ (didi sjulis kanoni, 1974, gv. 545-546) da rom amas mowmoben ucxo-uri wyaroebic.

aRsaniSnavia isic, rom am azrs srulad iziarebs batoni ivane javaxiSvili.igi wers: `andria mociqulic da wmida ninoc saerTo qarTuli eklesiis dama-arseblad da mTeli eris ganmanaTleblad iyvnen cnobilni, saqarTvelos sxva-dasxva nawilebis calke mqadageblebis gamoZebnis survilic ar hqoniaT, rad-gan isini mTliani da ganuyofeli saqarTvelos ganmtkicebisa da aRorZinebi-saTvis iRvwodnen~ (qarTveli eris istoria, t. III, gv. 47).

(`sapatriarqos uwyebani~, #27, 12-20 ivlisi, 2012 w., gv. 4)

4uwmidesi da unetaresi, sruliad saqarTveloskaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II

`qaldi~ saerTo qarTuli samyaros, kolxeTis centrs, mis guls erqva. gvi-andel periodSi ki, ucxotomelTa zewolis Sedegad, am centrma qarTuli tome-biTve dasaxlebul Crdilo-aRmosavleT regionSi, imave kulturis wiaRSi, gad-moinacvla da Seiqmna qarTlis samefo, romlis saxelwodebac, rogorc didiilia varaudobs, swored `qaldidan~ momdinareobs. amdenad, qaldi _ qarTi _qarTli _ qarTveli, Cveni eris istoriuli gzis, Cveni erTobis gamomxatveliterminebia. saerTod, es sakiTxi Semdgom kvlevasa da gaRrmavebas saWiroebs~

`saSobao epistole~, 2012 weli

5SesavalisaqarTvelos wmida eklesia gamaerTianebeli Zala iyo qarTveli erisa

da mtkice sayrdeni saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi mTlianobisa, rogorcpirvel, ise meore aTaswleulSi, amitomac ebrZoda mas Cveni qveynis yvelamteri. isini ar dakmayofildnen avtokefaliis gauqmebiT, imisTvisac izrunes,rom iseTi ` samecniero~ Teoriebic SeeqmnaT, romelnic samomavlod SezRu-davda Cveni eklesiis makonsolidirebel da saqarTvelos gamaerTianebelfunqcias, amisTvis peterburgis universitetSi patkanov-maris mier SemuSav-da kidec e.w. `qarTizaciis~ Teoria. am Teoriam gansakuTrebuli aRiarebahpova bolSevikur-sabWoTa epoqaSi.

aTeisturi epoqis samecniero literaturaSi e.w. `qarTizacia~ ganima-rteba ase : `qarTizacia~ _ `qarTis tomebis SeRweva _ infiltracia _araqarTul an araqarTvelur tomebSi, sadac SeaRwevda qarTlis elementi,vrceldeboda qarTuli ena da aRm. qarTuli kultura. aseTi viTareba Seiqmnaara marto aRmosavleTiT hereTis (albaneTi) teritoriaze, aramed dasavleTsaqarTveloSic~ (qse, t. X, gv. 459-160. statia `qarTvelebi~).

am gansazRvrebiT hereTi (igulisxmeba kaxeTis umetesi nawili) da dasav-leT saqarTvelo dasaxlebuli iyo ` araqarTuli da araqarTveluri tome-biT~ da `qarTizaciis Sedegad~, romelsac TiTqos mcxeTa axorcielebda,maTSi `SeaRwia qarTulma enam~ da dasavleT saqarTvelos bizantiuri ek-lesiis samwysos mcxeTa daepatrona _ gaauqma iq arsebuli ZvelTaganvekonstantinopolis iurisdiqciaSi myofi fasisis (foTis), rodopolisis(varcixis), ziganas (`ziginevi _ gudayvas~), saisinisa (caiSis) da petras (cix-isZiris) saepiskoposo kaTedrebi. hereTSi, TiTqos, albaneTis sakaTaliko-sos samwyso miisakuTra, qvemo qarTlSi ki kirion I-is dros mkvidri somx-uri mosaxleoba gaaqarTvela.

amJamadac es Teoria sruliad aRiarebulia da Setanilia yvela saxelmZR-vanelosa, cnobarsa Tu enciklopediaSi, viTarca saistorio WeSmariteba.

`qarTizaciis Teoriam~ gansakuTrebiT waaxalisa afxazeTSi mokalaTe-buli saeklesio separatistebi, misi daxmarebiT TavianTi separatizmi sa-marTlebrivad Semoses da saerTaSoriso saeklesio wreebs miawodes, vi-Tarca qarTuli eklesiis prozelitizmiT dazaralebulebma. aseve iqceviansxva separatistebic, gansakuTrebiT cxinvalSi mokalaTebuli TviTmarqvia`mitropoliti~, romlis jgufs mZafri sainterneto omi aqvs gaCaRebuliqarTuli eklesiis winaaRmdeg, Crdilouri Zalebis daxmarebiT.

unda iTqvas, rom saqarTvelos teritoriebis okupirebis Semdeg, axlaukve cdiloben saqarTvelos eklesiis daSla-danawevrebas, misi iurisdiqciissazRvrebis ` samarTlebriv~ Semcirebas sxvadasxva, maT Soris ` samecniero~meTodebiT. gaCaRebuli aqvT brZola, romelSic cdiloben sxva eklesiebis

6Carevasac, amitomac, vfiqrob, saWiroa aRorZineba realuri istoriis am-saxveli im Zveli saeklesio swavlebebisa, romelnic marTalia uaryofiliiqnen sabWoTa epoqaSi, magram maT wina saukuneebSi Seasrules eris makon-solidirebelisa da qveynis gamaerTianebelis funqcia. Cveni naSromi amsakiTxebis kvlevas exeba.

gamokvlevis sagani:Cveni naSromi eZRvneba saqarTvelos wmida eklesiis iurisdiqciis

sazRvrebis kvlevas.eklesiis Zvelma mematianeebma (gansakuTrebiT ruis-urbnisis saeklesio

krebis mamebma) mogvces cnobebi, rom daarsebisTanave saqarTvelos ekle-siis iuridiqciis sazRvrebSi aRmosavleT saqarTvelosTan erTad dasav-leT saqarTveloc Sedioda, magram XX s-Si, albaT sabWoTa reJimis Zalda-tanebiT, oficialur istoriografiaSi gabatonda mtkiceba, rom dasavleTsaqarTvelo gaqristianebidan 500-600 wlis manZilze (IX-X ss-mde) konstan-tinopolis sapatriarqos iurisdiqciaSi imyofeboda da TiTqosda, mxolodSemdeg miierTa is qarTulma eklesiam.

Cven mravalwlovani Sroma movandomeT imis kvlevas, rom es ase ar iyoda sworia Cveni matianeebisa da wmida mamebis Zveli Tvalsazrisi.

dasavleT saqarTvelo wmida ninos droidanve ara konstantinopolis,aramed mcxeTis saeklesio iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda, radganac is erovnuliwyaroebis cnobebiT qarTlis samefos nawili iyo.

bizantia Tavis saeklesio iurisdiqcias axorcielebda ara dasavleTsaqarTveloSi, aramed qarTvelTa uZveles qveyanaSi, istoriuli lazikiserT nawilSi, trapezuntis regionis mxares, romelic jer kidev romis im-periam Camoacila qarTvelTa saxelmwifoebrivi gavlenis sferos, sadackonstantinopolis sapatriarqom sxva samitropolitoebTan erTad Camoay-aliba fazisis (fasidis) samitropolitos saepiskoposo kaTedrebi _ zigana,petra, rodopolisi da saisini. VII saukunisaTvis maT momcvel regionSi,mTavari qalaqis Rirseba trapezuntma moipova.

pirvel aTaswleulSi daarsebulma konstantinopolis sapatriarqoslazikis eparqiebma iarsebes ramdenime saukune.

isini, rogorc iTqva, mdebareobdnen qarTveli eris uZveles samSoblo-Si, romelsac lazeTi (lazika) da qaldea erqva. iv. javaxiSvilis sityviTqaldea iyo samSoblo yvela qarTuli tomisa, maT Soris cxadia svanebisa damegrel-Wanebisa.

VI-VIII ss-Si trapezuntis regionSi (lazika-qaldeaSi) ganlagebul fasi-dis samitropolitoSi Semaval ziganas, rodopolisis, saisinisa da petrassaepiskoposo kaTedrebis momcvel qveyanas rTuli istoria hqonda.

7jer romma, Semdgom ki bizantiam daipyres qarTvelTa naTesaviT dasax-lebuli pontospireTis mxareebi sinopidan Woroxamde (xufaTamde) da Seiy-vanes TavianTi imperiis SemadgenlobaSi.

imperatorebma dapyrobis Semdeg xalibebis, makronebis, mosinikebis,drilebis, kolxebis, tibaranebisa da sxva qarTuli tomebis am miwa-wyalzesvadasxva dasaxelebis bizantiuri administraciuli erTeulebi Camoayal-ibes, magram maT (administraciul erTeulebs) qarTuli saxelebi aRaruwodes, magaliTad konstantine porfirogenetis sityviT, qaldebiTa dalazebiT dasaxlebul administraciul erTeuls mxolod imis gamo uwodes`armeniakonis Temi~, rom misi sazRvrebis maxloblad armenielebi saxlobd-nen. 824-863 wlebSi misma daSlam da qaldeas calke Temad gamoyofam gamoi-wvia Zveli saepiskoposo kaTedrebis _ ziganas, petras, rodopolisis dasaisinis saxelebis gaqroba-damcroba. maT adgilas axali qalaqebi da Sesa-bamisi kaTedrebi warmoiqmna. amasTanave, es Zveli saepiskoposo qalaqebicgadanawilda sxvadasxva axal administraciul olqebs Soris.

arabTa mpyrobelobis Sesustebisas X-XI saukuneebSi gaizarda qaldeasTemis dedaqalaqis trapezuntis saeklesio mniSvneloba da avtoriteti.

pirveli aTaswleulis bolos arzrumis regionidan arabTa gandevniskvaldakval, roca is bizantiis saxelmwifos daubrunda, am regionis ume-tesi nawili eklesiurad dauqvemdebares trapezuntis samitropolitos,anu e.w. eparqias ` lazikaSi~.

maleve, meore aTaswleulis dasawyisSi, Turqmanuli tomebisagan gaTa-visuflebuli vrceli miwa-wyali vanis tbis mimarTulebiT aseve trape-zuntis samitropolitos ` lazikis~ saeklesio olqis SemadgenlobaSi Sei-yvanes.

rogorc misi saxelwodebidan Cans, konstantinopolis sapatriarqoslazikis eparqiebis iurisdiqcia vrceldeboda im miwa-wyalze, romelsackonstantinopolSi `lazikas~ uwodebdnen.

lazikis geografiuli adgilmdebareobis gansazRvras upirvelesi mniS-vneloba aqvs saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis SeswavlisaTvis, lazikis zustigeografiuli adgilmdebareobis gansazRvris gareSe SeuZlebelia pirveliaTaswleulis saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis dawera.

lazikis geografiuli mdebareobis Sesaxeb arsebobs ramdenime gansx-vavebuli Tvalsazrisi.

amJamindeli oficialuri saistorio TvalsazrisiT, lazika ewodebodadasavleT saqarTvelos (amitomac, TiTqosda, dasavleT saqarTvelo ekle-siuradac konstantinopolis iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda, radganac wyaroebiTlazikaSi konstantinopolis sapatriarqos ramdenime eparqia gaaCnda).

lazikis adgilmdebareobis Sesaxeb sul sxva Tvalsazrisisa iyvnen ek-lesiis wmida mamebi da Zveli qarTuli istoriografia.

8berZnuli wyaroebis saukeTeso mcodne aToneli mamebis, kerZod ki eqv-Time mTawmidelis TvalsazrisiT fazisi mdinare Woroxs, xolo lazika _mdinare Woroxidan trapezuntisaken mimdebare sanaxebs erqva, mas ` sofelimegrelTas~ uwodebdnen (wmida aToneli mamebi TavianT TxzulebebSi sityva`lazikas~ Targmnidnen ase _ ` sofeli megrelTa~).

lazikis Sesaxeb Zveli mamebis saeklesio Tvalsazriss kvlevebiT vadas-tureb da miviCnev, rom lazika imTaviTve erqva trapezuntis mimdebareregions (Woroxidan zigana-gumuSxanes mimarTulebiT) istoriuli samxreTegrisis vrcel mxares.

Cvens mier warmodgenili mosazrebis dasamtkiceblad gamowvlilviTvixilavT pirvelwyaroebs: strabonis, prokofi kesarielis, agaTia sqolas-tikosis, Teofilaqte simokatas da berZen-romael sxvadasxva avtorTa Se-sabamis Sromebs, aseve Zvel somex istorikosTa (movses xorenacis, uxtane-sis, aristakes lastivertecisa da sxvaTa naSromebs) da cxadia Zvel qarTulistoriografias (`moqcevaY qarTlisaY~, `qarTlis cxovreba~ da sxva), CemiTemisaTvis uaRresad gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobisaa ruis-urbnisis saek-lesio krebis dadgenilebis (Zeglisweris) gansazRvreba dasavleT saqarTve-loSi Tavdapirveladve saqarTvelos (mcxeTis) eklesiis iurisdiqciis gan-vrcobis Sesaxeb (da ara konstantinopolisa, rasac qvemoT vexebiT).

Cvenma Ziebam, rogorc iTqva, Camogviyaliba Tvalsazrisi, rom lazikaimTaviTve mdebareobda Woroxamde mdebare Semdegdroindel pontos (tra-pezuntis) regionSi, e.w. `samxreT egrisSi~ (igive `sofeli megrelTa~), (esTema qvemoTaa ganxiluli), rom lazebi arian pirdapiri STamomavlebi xal-ibebisa anu qaldebisa, es mosazreba Camogviyaliba qsenofontes Sromebma(romelnic qvemoTaa ganxiluli), strabonis cnobebma (magaliTad, strabo-nis cnobiT xalibebs (qaldebs) aseve hqondaT eTnonimi _ `alazonebi~, maTqveyanas SemdegSi ` alazonia~ (lazonia, lazia) erqva, sityvebSi ` alazonia~da ` lazoni~ _ fuZea ` laz~-i) da sxva wyaroTa monacemebma.

aRniSnulTa garda aseve viyenebT mraval sxva wyaros.vfiqrob naSromisaTvis mniSvnelovania isic, rom masSi gamowvlilviTaa

gaanalizebuli Tanamedrove da Zveli avtorebis gamokvlevebi kolxeTis,lazeTis, mesxeTis, e.w. ` aRmosavleTis~ (tao-basianidan vanis tbispireTam-de miwa-wylis momcveli teritoriis), pontos samefosa da trapezuntisimperiis Sesaxeb, maT Soris, rogorc qarTveli (o. lorTqifaniZe, d. musx-eliSvili, nana xazaraZe, g. meliqiSvili, v. goilaZe, T. beraZe, v. jafariZe,g. grigolia, b. kudava da sxva), aseve ucxoel avtorTa (n. adonci, s. kar-povi da sxva) naSromebi.

9kvlevis mimarTuleba:lazikaSi konstantinopolis sapatriarqos eparqiebis adgilmdebareo-

bis gansazRvrisas, cxadia, Cveni umTavresi amocanaa gamovarkvioT sad mde-bareobda lazika.

rogorc iTqva, TiTqosda, es sakiTxi Teoriulad garkveulia Cvens is-toriografiaSi, romlis mixedviT lazika erqva dasavleT saqarTvelos,magram Cven gvaeWvebs es Teoria, ufro metic, misi gaurkvevloba xelsgviSlis Cveni amocanis gadaWraSi.

gamosavali albaT isaa, rom movaxdinoT konstruireba imisa, Tu ra sax-is, rogori bunebisa da geografiuli garemos qveyanas gadmogvcemen lazikisaRwerisas sxvadasxva avtorebi da maT Soris am sakiTxze sagangebod mo-muSave prokofi kesarieli.

amocana ufro konkretdeba _ Cven gvainteresebs ganvsazRvroT lazikisadgilmdebareoba VI saukuneSi, anu prokofi kesarielis epoqaSi.

`mecnieruli dakvirvebis procesSi buneba damkvirvebels eZleva praq-tikis formiT, mkvlevari gamoyofs bunebaSi obieqtebis garkveul nakrebs,afiqsirebs yovel maTgans mkacrad gansazRvruli niSnebiT da iyenebs maseqsperimentisa da dakvirvebis saxiT~ (a. frangiSvili, o. namiCeiSvili, saubre-bi mecnierebis filosofiis Sesaxeb, 2009, gv. 279).

davsvaT kiTxva _ ra saxisa iyo prokofis mier aRwerili lazikis geografi-uli garemo, buneba?

1) prokofis cnobiT, lazikis qveynis zRvis mTeli sanapiro imdenadkldovani iyo, rom is aCerebda zRvis denas. lazikis zRvispira sanapiromTeli lazikis teritoriaze iyo kldovani _ `lazikaSi ki miwa yovelgniTzRvidanaa warmoCenili da mis denas aferxebs, aq Semoqmeds zRvisTvis sazR-vari daudgenia, aq zRva Tavis napirebs exeTqeba, is verc win miiwevs daverc ufro maRla awevas axerxebs, aramed ukan ixevs da kvlav Tavis adgilsubrundeba, icavs miCenil sazRvars~ (georgika, 2, 1965, gv. 142).

dasavleT saqarTvelos zRvispiri Caqvidan biWvinTamde kldovani ar aris,piriqiT, vrceli teritoria Caqvidan biWvinTamde da quTaisidan foTamde,romelsac amJamad lazikas uwodeben, warmoadgens uvrceles vakes. aqzRvispiras kldeebi ar aris.

es realuri faqti prokofis cnobas ewinaaRmdegeba.prokofis cnobiT xom lazikis zRvis sanapiros mTel sigrZeze kldeebi

iyo gadaWimuli, radganac, ` aq Semoqmeds zRvisTvis sazRvari daudgenia, aqzRva Tavis napirebs exeTqeba, is verc win miiwevs da verc ufro maRlaawevas axerxebs~.

realobasa da prokofis cnobis Seusabamobis gamo ismis kiTxva: sadaasaqarTvelos zRvispira dablobze kldovani sanapiro?

10

aq kldovani sanapiro ar aris, magram kldovania sanapiro baTum-xofasmimarTulebiT, maSasadame aq, baTum-xofas mimarTulebiT, SeiZleba veZioTprokofis lazika.

2) saerTod prokofis sityviT, lazika iyo ara baris, aramed mTiani dakldovani (daqanebuli ferdebis mqone) qveyana (prokofis Sesabamisi naS-romi sagangebod qvemoTaa ganxiluli). dasavleT saqarTvelos umetesizRvispira nawili araa mTian-kldovani, piriqiT is uvrcelesi vakea. es faq-ti da wyaros cnoba erTmaneTs ar eTanadeba.

3) kldovanobisa da maRalmTianobis gamo lazikis mxolod erT mciremonakveTSi (moxirisSi) modioda mosavali (xorbali, Rvino), danarCeni misiadgilebi umosavlo iyo (kldian-mTebiani iyo, dasavleT saqarTvelos zRvi-spireTi ki, rogorc aRiniSna, uvrcelesi vakea, aq, subtropikuli mosava-lic ki modis).

4) lazikis mdinare fazisi zRvis SesarTavTan Zalze swrafi iyo (mag. masSeeZlo 30 kaciani navis (katarRis) imdenad didi siCqariT waReba, rom is-torikosis cnobiT, misi marTva am 30 meomars anu Ronier menaves ZalzeuWirda). realurad ki zRvis SesarTavTan md. rioni araa Cqari. faqti dawyaros cnoba erTmaneTs ewinaaRmdegeba. es da sxva faqtebi uflebas gva-Zlevs md. fazisi sxvagan veZioT.

5) prokofis mier aRwerili lazikis cixe-simagreebi sarapana da skanda,mdebareobdnen maRalmTian anu umosavlo adgilebSi, sadac ar modiodamarcvleuli (pureuli) da yurZeni (e.i. uvenaxo adgili iyo), sadac kldov-anebisa da maRalmTianobis gamo sursaT-sanovage zurgiT ahqondaT. realu-rad ki imereTis Sorapani da imereTis skande ar mdebareoben aseT umosav-lo da maRalmTian adgilebSi. isini zRvis donidan 170-250 metrSi mdebare-oben, rac idealuri pirobaa mevenaxeobis ganviTarebisaTvis. SorapanSi sa-bWoTa periodSi mevenaxeobis saxelovani e.w. sabWoTa meurneoba arsebob-da. realoba da wyaros cnoba erTmaneTs ewinaaRmdegeba.

6) prokofis cnobiT, ara marto lazikis zRvis mTeli sanapiro, aramedmd. fazisis mTeli sanapiroc saTavidan zRvamde kldovani iyo.

Tu rioni fazisia, maSin rions Tavis vrcel dablobSi kldovani napire-bi unda hqondes.

es ki ase araa, piriqiT quTaisidan foTamde rioni uvrceles vakezemiedineba yovelgvari kldovani napirebis gareSe. es faqti prokofiscnobebs ewinaaRmdegeba.

aRniSnulTa garda, arsebobs sxva mravali erTmaneTis sawinaaRmdegorealurad arsebuli faqti da wyaros cnoba.

dasavleT saqarTvelos barSi arsebuli realuri geografiuli faqtebisada prokofis (aseve sxva wyaroTa) cnobebis SeuTavseblobam, ufleba mogvcagangvecxadebina, rom lazika sxva geografiul garemoSi unda veZioT.

11

erTi sityviT, lazika iyo zemoaRwerili niSnebis mqone anu maRalmTian-kldovani qveyana

asTi niSnebis mqone lazikis adgilmdebareobis moZiebisTvis Cven kideverTxel unda SevamowmoT istoriuli saqarTvelos romeli mxarea aseTimkacri da kldovani bunebisa, es dasavleT saqarTvelos gavakebuli qvey-anaa, rionis dablobis bari, Tu kldovan-xrioki Woroxis xeoba?

ra gvexmareba am amocanis gadaWraSi?TiTqosda, Cvens dasaxmareblad winaswar izruna TviT prokofi kesari-

elma, misi sityviT es aris bunebis anu geografiuli garemos ucvlelobaaTaswleulTa manZilze.

prokofi kesarieli lazikisa da md. fazisis Sesaxeb wers: ` sakiTxi exebaara moCvenebiT raimes, aramed mdinares da qveyanas, romlis Secvla daramenairad dafarva SeuZlebelia, mxedvelobac sakmao sabuTad gamodgebada araferi SeuSlis xels imas, visac WeSmaritebis gamokvleva aqvs gan-zraxuli~ (georgika, 2, 1965, gv. 140).

Tu samyaros aTaswleulTa manZilze Camoyalibebuli fizikuri suraTi(saxe) ucvlelia, es saSualebas gvaZlevs avagoT Zveli Teoriebis dasas-abuTeblad axali Teoriuli sqema.

amisTvis ki saWiroa Tavdapirvelad Seiqmnas hipoTezuri modeli, romel-ic Semdeg dasabuTdeba cdebiT.

magaliTad, naSromSi _ Cven jer SevqmeniT hopoTezuri modeli, romprokofiseuli skanda unda veZioT iseT garemoSi, romelSic imyofebodaes cixe-simagre prokofis aRweriT, kerZod, is mdebareobda maRalmTianeTSi,sadac gadioda iberia-lazikis damakavSirebeli Zalze mniSvnelovani gza,da amasTanave maRalmTianobis gamo ar modioda xorbali da Rvino, maSasa-dame, Cven unda veZioT maRalmTianeTSi gamavali regionebis damakavSirebe-li gza, sadac Zveli cixe-simagrea, romlis saxeli etimologiurad ` skand~fuZe-ZirTanaa daaxloebuli.

Cven Sesabamisad skandis Zieba daviwyeT arsianis qedze, im gzis piras,romelic erTmaneTs akavSirebda Woroxis xeobas (klarjeTs) da istoriu-li iberiis kola-artaanis mxares.

amis Semdeg Cven movamzadeT sagangebo eqspedicia, romelmac adgilzegamokiTxvis gziT, Turq mkvidrebisgan moismina, rom saZiebel adgilas ar-sianis qedze 2000 m. simaRleze, istoriuli klarjeTisa da artaanis dam-akavSirebeli mniSvnelovani gzis piras, Zvel cixesimagresTan (sofel bag-dasenTan) erT adgilzea Tavmoyrilia ` skand~ fuZis mqone punqtebi, esenia:kanridi, kandili, qanotamali, qinZis cixe da punqti askani.

iqvea did cixeTa nangrevebi, romelTa Sua gadioda klarjeT-artaanisdamakavSirebeli Zveli gza da iqvea axali gza (eqspediciis muSaobis SedegiqvemoTaa gadmocemuli). esaa alpuri zona da ar modis mosavali.

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maSasadame, Cveni hipoTezuri modeli (rom skanda arsianis qedze Sei-Zleba yofiliyo) _ dadasturda (dasabuTda) cdiT (ufro gamowvlilviTianalizi ixileT qvemoT).

maSasadame, obieqtTa empiruli Seswavlidan Cven SegviZlia gadavideTmaT Teoriul aTvisebaze. eqsperimentebi amis saSualebas iZleva. Cvens naS-romSi mocemulia ramdenime aseTi eqsperimentis ganxilva.

rogorc cnobilia, empiriuli kvleva eyrdnoba mkvlevaris uSualo praq-tikul moqmedebas Sesaswavl obieqtTan. igi gulisxmobs dakvirvebis ganx-orcielebas da eqsperimentul moRvaweobas (iqve, gv. 257).

magaliTad, CvenTvis Teoriulad cnobilia, rom strabonis aRweriT sa-rapanasTan fazisi aris Zalze swrafi, imdenad swrafi, rom igi aq ` RrialiTda didi mquxarebiT~ (am adgilidan) miemarTeba kolxidaSi.

Cven es cnoba SegviZlia SevamowmoT eqsperimentiT. amisTvis saWiroasarapanasTan davakvirdeT mdinares _ Zalze swrafia is Tu ara, da aqvs Tuara mas mquxare, mgrgvinavi da mWeqare xma am adgilas.

amJamindeli oficialuri mecnieruli codniT sarapana aris igive Sora-pani, daba zestafonTan. aq mis sanapiroze Camoedineba mdinare Zirula.Cveni mecnierebis mtkicebiT Zirula igive fazisia saTaveebSi.

davakvirdeT am adgilas Zirulas, aris Tu ara is aq, SorapanTan, ` Zalzeswrafi da mquxare~, rogorc aRwers straboni.

Cven es TvaliTac SegviZlia davinaxoT, da movusminoT kidec mis xmas.aseTi martivi, magram Zalze saWiro eqsperimentebi mravladaa mocemu-

li Cvens SromaSi, aqve, albaT SeiZleba kidec iTqvas, rom SorapanTan arse-buli realuri geografiuli faqti gansxvavebulia, kerZod, aq md. Zirulaaris ara Tu Cqari, aramed aris mdore, Zalze neli, sarkuli zedapirismqone. is aq ufro nakadulia da Znelia is aRiqva iseT mdinared, romelzecdidi navebi dacuraven, Tanac SorapanTan Zirula, uxmauro da Cumia. amarealze meore, mis axlos gamdinare wyals _ marTlac, TiTqosda sagange-bod, ` dumilac~ ki ewodeba, radganac SorapanTn (da mis axlo-maxlo) miwiszedapiri TiTqmis vakea, amitomac aq gamavali mdinareebi ar xmauroben.

am realuri faqtisagan gansxvavebiT, prokofis mier aRwerili sarapanasda skandas cixeebi imdenad maRal mTaSi mdebareobdnen, rom iq sursaT-sanovage saWapano pirutyviTac ver ahqondaT da mas mebarguli kacebi zur-giT ezidebodnen. Tanac, prokofisave TqmiT, am maRal mTaSi, rogorc aRi-niSna, xorbali da venaxi ver xarobda didi simaRlis gamo.

SevadaroT da Cveni TvaliT vnaxoT, rom, rogorc iTqva, zestafonisSorapani ara maRal mTaSi, aramed subtropikul zonaSi mdebareobs, amito-mac aq amJamad gaSenebulia venaxis plantaciebi da subtropikuli xexili.

es eqsperimenti, wyaroebis analizTan erTad, uflebas gvaZlevs gamov-TqvaT eWvi, rom prokofis mier aRwerili cixe-simagre sarapana da ze-

13

stafonis Sorapani SeuZlebelia iyos erTi da igive punqti, amitom strabo-nis sarapana unda veZeboT sxvagan, wyaroSi aRwerilis Sesabamis geografi-ul garemoSi.

rogorc iTqva, Cveni mTavari amocanaa davadginoT konstantinopoliseparqiebis adgilmdebareoba lazikaSi. maSasadame, Tu prokofis mier aRw-erili lazika dasavleT saqarTveloa, es eparqiebi aq unda veZioT, andaisini unda veZioT sxvagan, istoriuli saqarTvelos Sesabamis mxareSi. amZiebis dros umTavresia Tavidan aviridoT subieqturi momenti.

Cveni amocanis pasuxma obieqturi axsna unda mouZebnos Zvel da axalmasalas. unda moiZebnos faqtebis Sesabamisi Teoriuli axsna.

faqtebis formirebaSi monawileobs Teoriuli cnobebi, romlebic war-sulSi damoukideblad iyo Semowmebuli.

magaliTad, amJamindel istoriografiaSi dogmad aris miRebuli Semde-gi Tvalsazrisi: imis gamo, rom fazisi iyo sanaosno mdinare, is ar SeiZlebaiyos md. Woroxi, radgan, Tanamedrove istorikosis mtkicebiT, ` Woroxi ariyo sanaosno mdinare~ (o. lorTqifaniZe, argonavtika da Zveli kolxeTi,1986, gv. 46).

iyo Tu ara Woroxi sanaosno mdinare?Cven unda davZlioT, amJamad, samecniero wreebSi gabatonebuli Teor-

ia, romelic amtkicebs, rom Woroxi ar iyo sanaosno mdinare (`amitomac isaraa fazisi~), amisaTvis saWiroa eqsperimentis Catareba, anda amis Sesaxebukve daviwyebuli sxva mecnieruli codnis moZieba.

amasTan dakavSirebiT unda iTqvas, rom Cven Woroxze naosnobis Sesaxebgvaqvs ZvelTaZveli codna, romelic warsulSi damoukideblad iyo Semow-mebuli, magaliTad Woroxze naosnobis Sesaxeb pirveli cnoba ganekuTvnebaVIII saukunes, matianeSi aRniSnulia, rom aSot kurapalatis mkvlelebs Sexe-ba hqondaT Woroxis erTerT navsayudel adgilTan, romlis saxeli iyo _`sanave~, amasTanave Woroxze naosnobis Sesaxeb werdnen XVII s. Turqi (Celebi),XIX s. rusi (veidenbaumi,) da qarTveli (yazbegi, baqraZe) istorikosebi dasxvebi. maSasadame, Cven gvaqvs Semowmebuli Teoriuli codna Woroxze naos-nobis Sesaxeb, romelsac amJamad viyenebT axali faqtis formirebisas. isSeiZleba gamoviyenoT axali Teoriuli ideebisa da warmodgenebis gansavi-Tareblad.

maSasadame, Tu Woroxze naosnoba ZvelTaganve iyo, es faqti uflebasgvaZlevs davuSvaT xelaxla aRorZinebuli idea, rom Woroxi _ fazisia dawyaroebi ganvixiloT am kuTxiT.

cnobili h. Slimani Woroxis qvemowelze aTavsebda kolxeTis centrsda amitom Slimani `Zveli saberZneTisa da kolxeTis mZlavr urTierTkav-Sirs baTumis regionSi varaudobda~ (o. lorTqifaniZe, argonavtika da Zve-li kolxeTi, 1986, gv. 44).

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axali Teoriuli modelis misaRebad ganvixiloT Zveli Teoriuli kon-struqcia, magaliTad, strabonis cnobiT md. fazisze gadebuli iyo 120xidi.

faqtia, rom md. rionis dablobze (quTaisidan foTamde) warsulSi, Tan-amedrove teqnologiebis danergvamde, SeuZlebeli iyo 120 xidis ageba grun-tis sirbilis, adgilis Rrma daWaobebis, mdinare rionis klaknilobis, damisi kalapotis xSiri cvlis gamo.

meore mxriv, teqnologiurad SeuZlebelia barSi rionze 120 xidis gadeba,amJamadac, XXI s-Si, Tanamedrove teqnologiebis pirobebSi md. rionze sulramdenime xidia gadebuli (igulisxmeba q. quTaisidan foTamde). saqme isaa,rom md. rionis kalapoti Zalze ganieria, datotvilia, Zvelad arasdroshqonda erTi kalapoti, radganac xSirad icvlida mas, magram md. rionisdablobze md. rionze 120 xidis gadeba SeuZlebeli iyo upirvelesad teqni-kuri mizezebis gamo:

foTidan TiTqmis quTaisamde rionis sanapiroebi xidis burjebisaTvisar Seicavs myar grunts, amitomac saWiroa xidis burjebis asagebad mniS-vnelovani sainJinro samuSaoebis Catareba. Zvel dros xidis burjebs ayrd-nobdnen kldovan qanebs anda myar grunts, romelsac garkveulwiladaZlierebdnen, amitomac xidebis agebisaTvis Sesabamisi gruntis sanapirosmoZebna iyo saWiro.

rionis vake-dablobis Waobebi, gansakuTrebiT ki sanapiroebi arc axlada miTumetes 2000-1500 wlis win, amis saSualebas ar iZleoda.

Waobis lia, anu wyliT gajerebuli miwa _ ganieri mdinarisaTvis saWirogrZeli xidis mZime burjebs ver daiWerda. amisaTvis Zvel dros, rogorciTqva, kldovan sanapiroebs iyenebdnen. kldeebze, rogorc wesi, Zveli te-qnologiebis Sesabamisad idgmeboda xidis burjebi. md. rionis dablobze kikldeebi ar aris.

rionis barSi quTaisidan foTamde arc erTi aseTi Zveli TaRovani xidiarc rionze da arc mis Senakadebze araa da es bunebrivicaa, aseTi xidebisgadeba rionis barSi SeuZlebelia.

md. rionis erTi sanapirodan meoreze gadadiodnen ara xidebiT, aramedbornebiT _ gaWimuli iyo bagirebi, romelzec tivebi an navebi iyo gamobmu-li, romlebic erT sanapiros aerTebdnen meoresTan _ es iyo bunebriviwesi geografiuli garemodan gamomdinare.

maSasadame, strabonis cnobis dasamtkiceblad saWiro iyo Zieba axaliTeoriuli konstruqciisa, anu Zieba iseTi mdinaris ucvleli, kldovanikalapotisa, sadac SesaZlebeli iqneboda 120 xidis ageba.

namdvilad iyo Tu ara md. fazisze asi an meti xidi?unda vigulisxmoT rom iyo, magram ara md. rionze aramed md. Woroxsa

da mis Senakadebze. prokofi xSirad wers _ `md. fazisis orive sanapiro

15

aris kldovani da amitom misi kalapoti ucvlelia~, swored am mdinarispira kldeebze idgmeboda xidis burjebi, romelzec Zveli teqnologiebisSesabamisad dgamdnen TaRovan xidebs. marTlac, md. Woroxis xeobaSi,Senakadebze, dRemdea moRweuli aTeulobiT uZvelesi TaRovani xidi, gade-buli Rrma mdinareebze.

Woroxsa da mis Senakadebze SesaZloa 120 xidis ageba, radganac is damisi Senakadebi miedineba kldeTa Soris, amis gamo misi kalapoti mudamucvlelia. misi sanapiroebi kldovanobis gamo myari sayrdenia mZime kon-struqciebisaTvis da maTze SeiZleboda xidis burjebis dayrdnoba (mar-Tlac, Woroxsa da mis Senakadebze, amJamadac, uamravi Zveli TaRovani xid-ia SemorCenili, maSin roca rionis dablobze, rogorc iTqva, Zveli xideb-is naSTebs ver SexvdebiT. baqraZis cnobiT, mis dros, Woroxze 300-ze metixidi iyo).

aseTi faqtisa da wyaros cnobis erTmaneTTan Seusabamo magaliTi mrava-lia.

maSasadame, saWiroa Teoriis morgeba realiebTan. am realiebma ki Sei-Zleba gvibiZgos imisken, rom SevcvaloT amJamad miRebuli fundamenturiTeoriuli sqema _ rom lazika dasavleT saqarTveloa.

problemis Seswavlis mdgomareoba:problemis Seswavlis mdgomareobisTvis unda ganvixiloT sxvadasxva

Teoriebi dasavleT saqarTveloSi qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciis Sesaxeb.XIX-XX saukuneebamde qarTuli saistorio skola, rogorc aRniSnuli

iyo, miiCnevda rom dasavleT saqarTvelo gaqristianebisTanave saqarTve-los eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda, magram XX saukunis istoriografiamisgan gansxvavebiT amtkicebs, rom dasavleT saqarTvelo IX-X saukunee-bamde konstantinopolis iurisdiqciaSi iyo da mxolod Semdeg miierTa isqarTulma eklesiam.

maSasadame, gvaqvs ori Teoria _ erTi Zveli, eklesiisaTvis tradiciu-li, meore ki _ Cveni Tanamedrove, sabWoTa epoqis periodSi danergili.

pirveli anu Zveli, eklesiisaTvis tradiciuli Teoria, rogorc iTqva,gadmocemulia ruis-urbnisis krebis Zegliswerasa da ZvelqarTul wyaroebSi,meore ki _ asaxulia yvela Tanamedrove gamocemaSi, amitomac, Cven, masvuwodebT _ ` saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis Sesaxeb amJamad arsebul ofi-cialur Teorias~.

ivane javaxiSvili ixilavda orive Teorias da gulmxurvaled uWerdamxars eklesiisaTvis tradiciuls.

iv. javaxiSvilis sidiade Cans iqidanac, rom man eklesiis wiaRSi ZvelTa-ganve danergil Teorias _ wmida ninos droidan qarTuli eklesiis er-Tianobis Sesaxeb _ upirobod dauWira mxari, ufro metic, is mis erTgul

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mcvelad iqca, am Teorias misca didi Sefaseba, miiCnia mTeli qarTvelixalxisa da mis saukeTeso SvilTa naRvawad, saukuneTa brZoliT miRweulmonapovrad.

amave dros, misTvis kargad iyo cnobili sxva Teoriebic am sferoSi.magaliTad, misi moRvaweobis periodSi zogierTi mecnieri ayalibebda Teo-rias, TiTqosda, Tavdapirvelad dasavleT saqarTvelo imyofeboda kon-stantinopolis sapatriarqos iurisdiqciis qveS. iv. javaxiSvilma es axaliTeoria miiRo rogorc erT-erTi mimdinare muSa Teoria, romelic ems-gavseboda Teorias _ dasavleT saqarTvelos antioqiis iurisdiqciis qveSyofnis Sesaxeb.

rogorc iTqva, misTvis zogadad, rogorc mecnierisaTvis misaRebi iyomxolod Teoria qarTuli eklesiis Tavdapirveli erTianobis Sesaxeb, rad-ganac is miaCnda `mTeli qarTveli eris mier Sesisxlxorcebul Semecne-bad~, romlis mospobis ufleba, misi azriT, aravis hqonda, arc maT vincdasavleT saqarTvelos konstantinopolur iurisdiqcias uWerda mxars daarc antioqiuris momxreT.

iv. javaxiSvili Zalze did mniSvnelobas aniWebda saqarTvelos eklesiismTlianobasa da mis damoukideblobas. am moments is afasebda gansakuTre-buli sityvebiT, romlebic albaT, unda daimaxsovron momavalma Taobebma.iv. javaxiSvilis sityvebiT Cveni eklesiis Tavisufleba da mTlianoba war-moadgenda ` qarTveli eris saukeTeso SvilTa da mTeli xalxis mier sauku-neTa brZoliT miRweul monapovars~. amitomac iyo, rom igi uaryofiTadafasebda kidec warsulSi saqarTvelos eklesiis erTianobis winaaRmdeg mi-marTul qmedebebs. kerZod, man gamowvlilviT ganixila im antioqieli daierusalimeli patriarqebis qmedebebi, romlebic qarTveli separatistebismxardaWeriT aqucmacebdnen da anawevrebdnen saqarTvelos eklesias.

iv. javaxiSvili werda _ ` XV saukunis 70-ian wlebSi saqarTveloSi antio-qiel-ierusalimeli patriarqi mixeili Camovida... rasakvirvelia, umTavre-sad Sewirulebisa da fulis Sesagroveblad iyo garjili~ (iv. javaxiSvili,t. III, gv. 447). mas dauweria `mcnebaY sasjulo~, sadac aRniSnuli aqvs, romwinaT qarTlisa da afxazeTis kaTalikosni antioqiis patriarqisagan iyvnendamokidebuli da maTgan hqondaT miRebuli xeldasxma. qarTuli eklesiismermindeli TviTmwysoba da saeklesio TviTmmarTveloba antioqiel-ieru-salimel patriarqs ukanono movlenad hqonda gamocxadebuli~ (iqve, gv.447). es mas sWirdeboda, raTa TviTon ekurTxebina dasavleT saqarTveloseklesiis axali meTauri, amiT ki dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesia Camoe-Sorebina saqarTvelos erTiani dedaeklesiisagan. Tavis mxriv, dasavleTsaqarTvelos saeklesio damoukidebloba surda im dros imereTis mefes,bagrats. amitomac, antioqielis saeklesio Teoria gamoTqmuli iyo qarTveliseparatistebis gulis mogebis mizniT.

17

iv. javaxiSvili ganagrZobs: `man, rasakvirvelia, bagrat mefesTan SeT-anxmebiT da saTanado jildos miRebis Semdeg afxazeTis kaTalikosad akurTxaioakime, romelic saqarTvelos eklesiis kaTalikos-patriarqisagan sruliaddamoukideblad gamoacxadda. aRsaniSnavia, rom antioqiel-ierusalimelmapatriarqma afxazeTis ` kaTalikosi saydarsa zeda andria mociqulisa~ dasmu-lad aRiara. amave dros ` sasjulo mcnebaSi naTqvamia, rom nino qarTvelTaganmanaTlebelma mxolod qarTli moaqcia, andria mociqulma ki dasavleTsaqarTvelo gaaqristiana. antioqiel-ierusalimel patriarqs mixeilssaqarTvelos saeklesio mTlianobis moSla undoda, rom istoriuli sabuTe-biT daemtkicebina. raki aRmosavleT da dasavleT saqarTvelos qristiano-bis sxvadasxva mqadageblebi hyavda, amiT mas undoda daesabuTebina, rom,maSasadame, afxazeTis kaTalikoss damoukideblad arsebobisa da TviTmw-ysobis ufleba hqonda. is mcxeTis kaTalikosisagan ar unda yofiliyo xel-dasxmuli~ (iv. javaxiSvili, t. III, gv. 447).

ra xerxebiT unda daemtkicebina ucxoel patriarqs qarTuli eklesiisantioqiaze damokidebuleba uZveles droSi?

ucxoelma patriarqma ise warmoadgina saqme, TiTqosda, saqarTvelossivrceSi Tavdapirvelad Camoyalibda ori sxvadasxva eklesia _ qarTlisada afxazeTisa, rom TiTqosda isini oriveni Tavdapirvelad imyofebodnenantioqiis sapatriarqos iurisdiqciaSi. Sesabamisad, maTze uflebamosilebagaaCnda antioqias, magram man aRmoaCina, rom realurad dasavleT saqar-Tveloze Tavis uflebamosilebas axorcielebda aRmosavleT saqarTvelossaeklesio xelisufali. es man miiCnia saeklesio kanonebis darRvevad. mar-Tlac, Tavdapirvelad Tu sxva eklesia iyo afxazeTis eklesia, ra uflebahqonda qarTlis eklesias afxazeTSi? antioqieli patriarqis azriT, saek-lesio samarTlebrivi safuZveli amisTvis ar arsebobda, xolo antioqiiseklesias ki, misi azriT, gaaCnda Zveli samarTlebrivi ufleba afxazeTissakaTalikosoze. maSasadame, misi azriT, qarTlis eklesiam saeklesio wese-bis darRveviT Tavisi uflebamosileba gaavrcela mis iuridiqciisqveSa ter-itoriaze _ dasavleT saqarTveloSi. es iyo dadanaSauleba prozelitizmSi,anu es iyo erTi eklesiis SeWra meore eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi _ darRveva IIImsoflio krebis me-8 kanonisa. es kanoni gmobda aseT qmedebas da amasTanavemoiTxovda aRdgenas Zveli Tavdapirveli mdgomareobisas. marTlac, anti-oqiis patriarqma Tavis azriT aRasrula es kanoni da gamosca samarTlebrividokumenti ` mcnebaY sasjuloY~, romelSic ganacxada, rom afxazeTis ekle-sia antioqiam ukanve daibruna Tavis saeklesio wiaRSi da aRadgina TavisiZveli iurisdiqcia afxazeTze, ris Semdegac mas ufleba hqonda epatronaam saeklesio erTeulisaTvis da daeniSna misi sasuliero meTauri. es ucxoeklesiis meTauri marTlac ase moiqca da caiSel-bedieli mitropolitiioakime daniSna afxazeTis kaTalikosad.

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aseTi qmedeba aRaSfoTebs iv. javaxiSvils, mas miaCnia, rom antioqielsaraviTari samarTlebrivi ufleba ar gaaCnda afxazeTis sakaTalikosos mi-marT.

iv. javaxiSvili Tavisi msjelobis sayrdenad miiCnevs qarTuli eklesiiswiaRSi ZvelTagan arsebul samarTlebriv dokuments, gamocemuls ruis-urbnisis krebis mamebis mier, rom Tavdapirvelad anu I-IV ss-Si, andriamociqulisa da wmida ninos epoqaSi, Camoyalibda ara ori sxvadasxva ekle-sia, aramed erTi, sruliad saqarTvelos momcveli eklesia, rom orive gan-manaTlebelma, rogorc andriam, ise wmida ninom, mxolod erTi eklesiaCamoayalibes, rom isini moRvaweobdnen ara sxvadasxva arealze, aramed erTgeopolitikur sivrceSi, rom andriam saxareba iqadaga `yovelsa qveyanasasaqarTveloYsasa~, xolo wmida ninom ki gananaTla ` yoveli savseba yovelTaqarTvelTa naTesavisa~. maSasadame, maT erTi eklesia Camoayalibes da ameklesiam avtokefalia ZvelTaganve moipova, rom mxolod Semdeg am er-Tiani eklesiis wiaRSi Camoyalibda ori saeklesio administraciuli erTeu-li _ qarTlisa da afxazeTis sakaTalikosoebi, rom isini, marTalia, admin-istraciulad TavisTavadi saeklesio erTeulebi iyvnen, magram qmnidnenerT qarTul saeklesio mTlianobas, radganac gaaCndaT saerTo saeklesiosamarTali, saerTo sjuliskanoni, saerTo saeklesio tradiciebi da liturgi-is saerTo qarTuli ena. administraciuli TavisTavadoba afxazeTis sakaTa-likosos miuRia qarTlis sapatriarqosagan, rodesac IX s-Si qarTvelTamefe bagratma ` ganaCina kaTalikosi afxazeTs~.

antioqiis patriarqis Camosvlis dros ki, XV s-Si, realuri viTarebaaseTi iyo. rogorc vTqviT, antioqielma patriarqma gaixsena III msofliokrebis me-8 kanoni, romelic krZalavs erTi eklesiis SeWras meore eklesi-is iurisdiqciaSi da moiTxovs winandeli, anu Tavdapirveli mdgomareobisaRdgenas. antioqielma mcxeTa daadanaSaula, rom is SeiWra dasavleT saqar-Tvelos eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi, amitomac man scada gaeuqmebina mcxeTisyovelgvari uflebamosileba iq da TviTon akurTxa afxazeTis axali kaTa-likosi.

aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, CvenTvis istoriul magaliTs unda warmoad-gendes es saqme.

rogorc cnobilia, amJamad, Cveni oficialuri istoriografiis miermiiCneva, rom Tavdapirvelad dasavleT saqarTvelo IV-IX ss-Si 600 wlismanZilze, TiTqosda, imyofeboda konstantinopolis sapatriarqos iuris-diqciaSi.

es Teoria Zalze saSiSia samomavlod, radganac iseTive samarTlebrivuflebamosilebas aniWebs konstantinopolis sapatriarqos, rogoric Tavis-Tavze miiwera antioqielma patriarqma mixeilma.

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rogorc iTqva, III msoflio krebis me-8, aseve mociqulTa 35-e da II msof-lio krebis me-2 kanonis ZaliT, sxvis eklesiaSi SeWrili meore eklesiavaldebulia aRadginos Tavdapirveli mdgomareoba da am kanonebidan ga-momdinare, Tuki dasavleT saqarTveloze Tavis uflebamosilebas Tavda-pirvelad axorcielebda konstantinopoli, mas samarTlebrivi ufleba eni-Weba masze.

yovelive zemoT Tqmulidan gamomdinare, vfiqrobT, ivane javaxiSvilimxars ar dauWerda Cvens istoriografiaSi amJamad gabatonebul TeoriasdasavleT saqarTvelos konstantinopolis iurisdiqciaSi 500-600 wlovaniyofnis Sesaxeb. piriqiT, is am Teorias miiCnevda `mTeli qarTveli xalxisbrZoliT monapovris~ uaryofad da is uTuod, amJamadac, mxars dauWerdaruis-urbnisis krebis samarTlebriv aqts, rom dasavleT da aRmosavleTsaqarTveloSi I-IV ss-Si Camoyalibda erTiani eklesia, rom Tavdapirveladwmida andriasa da wmida ninos RvawliT dafuZnebuli qarTuli eklesiaTavidanve erTiani iyo, Tumca misTvis sxva samecniero Teoriebic aRniSnulsakiTxze cnobili iyo.

iv. javaxiSvili werda: ` giorgi mTawmideli da gansakuTrebiT efrem mcire,ruis-urbnisis 1103 wlis saeklesio krebis yvela sulisCamdgmeli da ni-koloz kaTalikosi amtkiceben, rom andria mociqulma iqadaga `yovelsaqveyanasa saqarTveloYsasa~, xolo Semdgom qristianoba kvlav aRadgina wmidaninom, romlis saswaulTmoqmedebam da qadagebam `miizida yoveli savsebayovelTa qarTvelTa naTesavisa~, nikoloz kaTalikosic, wmida ninos saer-To mociqulad da ganmanaTleblad Tvlida ` Cven qarTvelTaisa~ (`saswaulnisveticxovlisa~). erTi sityviT, andria mociqulic da wmida ninoc saerToqarTuli eklesiis damaarseblad da mTeli eris ganmanaTleblad iyvnen cno-bilni. saqarTvelos sxvadasxva nawilebis calke mqadageblebis gamoZebnissurvilic ar hqoniaT, radgan isini mTliani da ganuyofeli saqarTvelosganmtkicebisa da aRorZinebisaTvis iRvwodnen. antioqiel-ierusalimelipatriarqi mixeili, swored am qarTvel saxelovan mecnierTa mier Seqm-nilsa da mTeli qarTveli erisagan Sesisxlxorcebul Semecnebas spobda~(iv. javaxiSvili, Txz., t. III, gv. 340).

samwuxaroa, rom Zvel qarTvel saxelovan mecnierTa (iv. javaxiSvilisSefaseba) mier boZebul Semecnebas spobs zogierTi axali qarTveli mec-nieri, Tanac iseTi umaRlesi saerTaSoriso saeklesio organodan, rogor-icaa ` pravoslavnaia enciklopedia~.

magaliTad, Zveli qarTuli wyaroebis sawinaaRmdegod `pravoslavnaiaenciklopedia~-s me-13 tomis avtorebi (gv. 200) noticiebze _ bizantiurkaTedraTa nusxebze _ dayrdnobiT miiCneven, rom dasavleT saqarTveloSiIX s-mde arsebuli saepiskoposoebi konstantinopolis iurisdiqciaSi imyo-febodnen. TiTqosda, `egrisis samefoSi, I noticiis mixedviT, arsebobda

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lazikis eparqia, romlis centri iyo fazisis (foTis) samitropolito oTxisaepiskoposo kaTedriT _ rodopolisi (varcixe), saisini (caiSi), petra (cixis-Ziri), zigana (ziganisi, gudava) (`pravoslavnaia enciklopedia~, t. XIII, gv.200, rus. enaze). TiTqosda, Semdgom isini qarTulma eklesiam konstanti-nopols CamoaSora.

vSiSobT, rom es araswori Teoria, gavrcelebuli mTel msoflioSi ` pra-voslavnaia enciklopediis~ mier, did safrTxes Seuqmnis samomavlod sa-qarTvelos teritoriul da saeklesio mTlianobas.

sinamdvileSi lazikis aRniSnuli saepiskoposoebi mdebareobdnen tra-pezuntis olqSi _ qalaq ziganas regionSi, iqve iyo rodopolisis kaTe-drac. amis Sesaxeb miuTiTebs ara mxolod msoflioSi saxelganTqmuli mec-nieri n. adonci, aramed, amJamad, saberZneTSi dabeWdili zogierTi saekle-sio rukac.

qarTuli wyaroebis dabejiTebuli mtkicebiT, mudam, farnavaz mefisdroidanac, dasavleT saqarTvelo yovelTvis Sedioda qarTlis samefossazRvrebSi vidre md. egriswylamde da vaxtang gorgaslis Semdeg vidremd. klisuramde. amitomac miiCneoda, rom am sasazRvro mdinareebis aqeT,dasavleT saqarTveloSi, konstantinopols arasodes iurisdiqcia ar gaaCnda,mxolod am mdinareebis iqiT mdebare teritoria Sedioda bizantiis imperi-is SemadgenlobaSi, VIII s-mde. magram eklesiurad isic qarTul eklesiaSiSedioda. amis mizezs gvixsnis ` qarTlis cxovrebis~ CanarTi, romlis mixed-viTac VI msoflio krebis gadawyvetilebiT (e.i. VII saukunidan) mTeli mar-Tlmadidebluri kavkasia (Crdilo da samxreTi) saqarTvelos eklesiis iuris-diqciaSi Sedioda.

rusul ` pravoslavnaia enciklopediaSi~, dasavleT saqarTvelos msgavsad,samxreT saqarTveloc araqarTul qveynadaa gamocxadebuli, sadac, TiTqos-da, qarTuli eklesiis gabatonebis Semdeg moxda mkvidri `somxebis~gaqarTveleba.

`somxebis~ gaqarTvelebis ` Tvalsazrisi~ imdenadaa gavrcelebuli, romman ukve qarTul saeklesio gamocemebSic SeaRwia. magaliTad, cnobili av-tori wers: kirion I kaTalikosma, qvemo qarTlSi ` araqarTuli mosaxleobisgasaqarTveleblad marjved gamoiyena politikuri viTareba~ (saqarTveloskaTalikos-patriarqebi, Tb., 2000, gv. 28).

somexi avtorebi, da ara mxolod isini, aseT statiebs safuZvlad ude-ben Teorias, rom qvemo qarTli da, saerTod, samxreT saqarTvelo somxuriqveyana iyo, romelic eklesiis mier ` gaqarTvelda~. esaa e.w. ` qarTizaciis~Teoria, romelic oficialuri istoriografiisaTvis ueWvel dogmad iqca.

am Teoriis msgavsia amJamad gavrcelebuli Tvalsazrisi, rom mcxeTa-Tbilisis samxreT-aRmosavleTiT mdebare regionebi, e.i. istoriuli kaxeTida qvemo qarTli, TiTqosda, Tavdapirvelad dasaxlebuli iyo albanelixalxiT, romelic qarTuli eklesiis meSveobiT gaqarTvelda.

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albanelebis ` gaqarTvelebis~ Teoriac unda eqvemdebarebodes gadaxed-vas, radganac Zveli qarTuli saeklesio istoriografiis Tanaxmad, hereT-albaneTi moicavda sul sxva teritorias. kerZod, Semdegdroindeli ranisada Saqis miwa-wyals, Semdgom saukuneebSi saeklesio wyaroebSi, amitomac,uwodebdnen hereTis dedofals SuSaniks _ ranis dedofals, xolo mefeTatitulaturaSi ixseneboda ranTa mefe, romelic gulisxmobda hereTis yo-fili samefos mflobelobas.

albaneTis kulturul memkvidreobaze, amJamad, pretenzias acxadebenazerbaijanelebi, amitomac Tuki albaneTi uSualod emijneboda mcxeTa-Tbiliss _ aRniSnuli TeoriiT maT garkveuli uflebamosileba eniWebaTmcxeTis aRmosavleTiTa da Tbilisis samxreTiT mdebare miwa-wyalsa da maszemdebare kulturis Zeglebzec, maT Soris isini bodbesa da daviT garejaskompleqss asaxeleben.

rusul ` pravoslavnaia enciklopediaSi~, dasavleT da samxreT saqarTve-los msgavsad kaxeTis didi nawili araqarTul, kerZod ki albanur qveynadaagamoyvanili.

yovelive zemoT aRniSnulidan, Cans, rom didi iv. javaxiSvili ar ganix-ilavda saistorio mecnierebas rogorc dogmas, aramed miiCnevda, rom isunda ganviTarebuliyo, rom erTxel miRebuli Tvalsazrisi ar unda CaTv-liliyo Seucvlel WeSmaritebad, romlis koreqtireba anda uaryofa Seu-Zlebeli iqneboda.

mis mier ruis-urbnisis krebis samarTlebrivi aqtis mxardaWera miu-TiTebs imis Sesaxebac, rom istoriuli mecnierebis ganviTarebisaTvis, zog-jer saWiro aris axali ideebis Camoyalibeba, anda Zveli erovnuli saisto-rio ideebis aRorZineba-ganaxleba axali moTxovnilebebis Sesabamisad.

marTlac, Tu ar ganviTarda istoriuli mecniereba, is CamorCeba daerT adgilas gaiyineba, amiT ki ver SeZlebs Tavisi funqciis srulyofiladaRsrulebas.

ivane javaxiSvili CvenTvis yovelTvis TvalsaCino etaloni da magaliTiaris Tavisi moRvaweobis yoveli waxnagiT.

sakiTxis istoriografia:saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis Sesaxeb, amJamad, arsebuli sabWoTa epo-

qaSi SemuSavebuli Teoria yvelaze ukeT gadmoica `pravoslavnaia encik-lopediasa~ da ` saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebis~ tomeulebSi.

wm. ninos mier fuZeCayrili eklesia, `pravoslavnaia enciklopediis~mixedviT, mxolod aRmosavleT saqarTvelos moicavda, dasavleT saqarTve-loSi, imave enciklopediis Tanaxmad, qristianobis momZlavrebis Semdeg,konstantinopolis sapatriarqom VI s-is Sua wlebSi daarsa saeklesio kaTe-drebi (`pravoslavnaia enciklopedia~, moskovi, 2006, t.13, gv.193. rus. enaze).

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`pravoslavnaia enciklopedia~, rogorc aRiniSna, wers: ` konstantinop-olis sapatriarqos noticiebSi (Notatiae Episcopatuum), mis iurisdiqciaSi myofkaTedraTa siebi gvaZlevs warmodgenas VI-IX ss-is dasavleT saqarTveloseklesiis Sesaxeb. I noticiis (VIII-IX) Tanaxmad, egrisis samefos teritoriasaeklesio-administraciuli damokidebulebiT dayofili iyo Semdegi sax-iT: lazikis eparqia fasisis (foTis) samitropolito centriT da 4 saepisko-poso kaTedriT _ rodopoli (varcixe), saisini (caiSi), petra (cixisZiri),ziganei (ziganisi, gudava); abazgiis (afxazeTis) eparqia avtokefaluri samTa-varepiskoposo sakaTedro centriT sevastopolSi (cxumi, soxumi). CrdiloSavizRvispireTis centralur da aRmosavleT nawilebSi daarsebul iqnazixiis (jiqeTis) eparqia, warmodgenili 3 avtokefaluri saarqiepiskoposo-Ti: xersoniT, bosforiTa da nikofsiiT. fazisis mitropolia (nomeri 27),Cans daarsebuli iqna imp. iustiniane I-is mmarTvelobisas, radganac ekava 2-e adgili iustinianepolis (mokis) Semdeg samitropolitos sxva momdevno 8kaTedraTa Soris... 680-681 wlis VI msoflio krebis aqtebSi ixsenieba Te-odore, ` uRirsi episkoposi fasisisa, lazikis provinciaSi~ (Le Quien. OC. T.1, P. 1343). konstantinopolis trulis krebas (691-692 ww.) aseve eswrebodafasisis mitropoliti igive Teodore da petras episkoposi ioane, sevasto-poleli foti da, SesaZloa, ziganeis episkoposi favsti (misi kaTedra ixse-nieba petramde). nikeis VII msoflio krebis (787) aqtebs xels awers `mitro-politi qristefore~, sxvadasxva sami dazustebiT _ ` episkoposi fasisisa~(nusxa ABE) ` episkoposi fasisisa e.i. trapezuntisa~(D), ` episkoposi trapezun-tisa~(F); aqedan, am momentSi fasisisa da trapezuntis kaTedrebi imyofe-bodnen erTi episkoposis mmarTvelobaSi, maSin roca trapezuntis kaTedragamoyofili iyo fasisis mitropoliisagan rizes teritoriiT, romlis episko-posi aseve eswreboda krebas da, rogorc Cans, eqvemdebareboda neokesari-is mitropolits (polemoniakis pontos diocezi). 2-e noticiis Tanaxmad(Sedgenilia araugvianes IX s-is I meoTxedisa), das. saqarTvelos saeklesioorganizaciis suraTi ar Secvlila... me-7 noticiaSi (901-907) asaxulia X s-is dasawyisSi konstantinopolis eklesiaSi gatarebuli saeklesio reforme-bis Sedegebi. masSi aRar ixsenieba dasavleT saqarTvelos saeklesio cen-trebi. e.i. SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom konstantinopolis sapatriarqodandasavleT saqarTvelos saeklesio centrebis gamoyofa moxda 879 da 901/907 wlebs Soris... me-7 noticiaSi dasavleT saqarTvelos saeklesio cen-trebi aRniSnulia rogorc ` trapezunti lazikisa~. es miuTiTebs dasavleTsaqarTvelos eklesiaSi separatistuli tendenciebis arsebobis Sesaxeb daamis Sedegad trapezuntis gadaqceva fasisis alternatiul mitropoliad,romelic SemdgomSi gadaiqca konstantinopolis iurisdiqciaSi lazikiseparqiis centrad. araa gamoricxuli, rom trapezunteli mRvdelmTavris

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(Tavdapirvelad neokesariis mitropolitis qvemdebarisa) TandaTanobiTiamaRleba jer mTavarepiskoposis statusamde, Semdeg ki mitropolitisa,dakavSirebuli iyo dasavleT saqarTveloSi ganviTarebul procesebTan. esgaremoeba emsaxureboda prestiJis dacvas da warmoadgenda am regionSikonstantinopolis sapatriarqos mdgomareobis stabilurobis garants~ (kon-stantinopolis sapatriaqos saeklesio kaTedrebi dasavleT saqarTveloSida maTi gamoyofa, pravoslavnaia enciklopedia, moskovi, t. 13. 2006, gv.200-2001, rus. enaze).

identuria Tanamedrove oficialuri qarTuli istoriografiis Tval-sazrisic, romlis mixedviT dasavleT saqarTvelo konstantinopolis iuris-diqciaSi, TiTqmis, 600 wlis ganmavlobaSi imyofeboda.

SeuZlebelia aRniSnul mtkicebas eklesia daeTanxmos, radganac ewi-naaRmdegeba ara mxolod ruis-urbnisis saeklesio krebis gansazRvrebassagangebod am sakiTxisadmi miZRvnils, aramed ZvelqarTul Semecnebas, ro-melic asaxulia wmidaTa locvebSic ki, magaliTad wm. ninos Tavis troparSiewodeba `qarTvelTa ganmanaTlebeli~, xolo kondakSi `qarTvelTa eriswinamZRoli~.

sad cxovrobda qarTveli eri, romelic gananaTla wmida ninom?ruis-urbnisis krebis ZeglisweraSi amis Sesaxeb naTqvamia _ wmida ninom

moaqcia `yoveli savseba yovelTa qarTvelTa naTesavisa~ (`didi sjulis-kanoni~ 1975, gv. 546).

davusvaT kiTxva aRniSnul istorikosebs: `yovelTa qarTvelTa naTe-savi~ ar cxovrobda dasavleT saqarTveloSi? da Tu cxovrobda, maSin ismaTi ganmanaTleblis mier daarsebuli qarTuli eklesiis mrevlsac war-moadgenda.

`Zeglisweris~ identur cnobas IV saukuneSive iZleva gelasi kesarieli,msoflio eklesiis erTerTi pirveli istorikosi.

gelasi kesarielis cnobiT `tyve qalis~ (e.i. wmida ninos) mier erT-droulad miiRes qristianoba evqsinis pontos maxloblad mcxovrebma ibereb-ma da lazebma (georgika, t. I. gv. 189).

wm. ninos mier gaqristianebuli eri dasavleT saqarTveloSic rom cxov-robda, miuTiTebs noqalaqevis IV s-is eklesia da mis maxloblad, nojixev-Si, aRmoCenili I aTaswleulis qarTuli asomTavruli saeklesio warwerebi.

amasve miuTiTebs qarTuli da ucxouri werilobiTi wyaroebi.magaliTad, I aTaswleulis somexi patriarqisa da istorikosis cnoba,

rom VI s-is bolos moRvawe kirion qarTlis kaTalikosi `winandeli droiswesebis Sesabamisad iyo arqiepiskoposi egrisisa da gugareTisa, qarTliseklesiis mrevlisa~ (ioane drasxanakertci, 1937, gv. 9, rus. enaze). VI saukunis`winandeli dro~, cxadia, IV da V saukuneebia.

amasve miuTiTebs saeklesio xelovneba da arqiteqtura.

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erTi magaliTia WyondidSi VII s-Si agebul mcxeTis jvris tipis taZari,es ar aris SemTxveviToba, piriqiT, warmoadgens I aTaswleulSi mcxeTisa daWyondidis saeklesio-liturgikuli mTlianobisa da erTobis niSansvets.

dasavleT da aRmosavleT saqarTvelos saeklesio mTlianobis Sesaxebruis-urbnisis krebis Zeglisweris miTiTeba warmoadgens saeklesio tra-diciis gamoxatulebas, rom daarsebisTanave qarTuli eklesia Tavis iuris-diqciaSi moicavda sruliad istoriul saqarTvelos da ara mis romelimeerT kuTxes.

aseTia Zvel qarTvel wmida mamaTa mtkicebani.maTTgan gansxvavebiT, rogorc aRiniSna, Tanamedrove saero saistorio

skola miiCvevs, rom 500-600 wlis ganmavlobaSi, vidre IX-X ss-mde dasav-leT saqarTvelo, TiTqosda, Sedioda konstantinopolis iurisdiqciaSi daiq arsebobdnen lazikis eparqiis berZnuli saepiskoposoebi, xolo eklesiebSiwirva-locva berZnul enaze aResruleboda, vidre is ar gaauqma mcxeTiseklesiam.

araviTari werilobiTi wyaro ar adasturebs Teorias romlis mixedvi-Tac IX-X saukuneebSi qarTuli eklesia SeiWra dasavleT saqarTvelos kon-stantinopolis iurisdiqciaSi, gaauqma iq berZnuli kaTedrebi da berZnul-enovanis nacvlad SemoiRo qarTulenovani msaxureba da amiT ki, TiTqosda,moaxdina ` qarTizacia-gaqarTveleba~ iqauri mosaxleobisa.

sabWouri epoqis samecniero literaturaSi e.w. `qarTizacia~ ganima-rteba ase: `qarTizacia~ _ `qarTis tomebis SeRweva _ infiltracia _araqarTul an araqarTvelur tomebSi... sadac SeaRwevda qarTlis elemen-ti, vrceldeboda qarTuli ena da aRm. qarTuli kultura. aseTi viTarebaSeiqmna ara marto aRmosavleTiT hereTis (albaneTi) teritoriaze, arameddasavleT saqarTveloSic~ (qse, t. X, gv. 459-160. statia ` qarTvelebi~).

oficialuri istoriografiis am gansazRvrebiT, rogorc aRiniSna, TiT-qosda, hereTi (igulisxmeba kaxeTis umetesi nawili) da dasavleT saqarTve-lo dasaxlebuli iyo ` araqarTuli da araqarTveluri tomebiT~ da ` qarTi-zaciis Sedegad~ maTSi ` SeaRwia qarTulma enam~ da kulturam, amis Sedegad,TiTqosda, dasavleT saqarTvelos bizantiuri eklesiis samwysos, mcxeTadaepatrona _ gaauqma iq arsebuli ZvelTaganve konstantinopolis iuris-diqciaSi myofi fasisis (foTis), rodopolisis (varcixis), ziganas (`zigi-nevi _ gudayvas~), saisinisa (caiSis) da petras (cixisZiris) saepiskoposokaTedrebi.

zemoaRniSnulis erTi TvalnaTeli magaliTia, axlaxan (2001 wlis dasawyis-Si), n. lomouris mier gamoqveynebuli Sromebi, esenia `qristianobis sax-elmwifo religiad gamocxadeba~ da ` saqarTvelos eklesia da misi avtoke-falia~. avtori wers: ` rodesac moxda qristianobis damkvidreba saqarTve-losa da saerTod amierkavkasiaSi, saqarTvelo warmodgenili iyo ori poli-

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tikuri erTeuliT: aRmosavleT saqarTvelo, e.i. qarTlis anu iberiis same-fo da dasavleT saqarTvelo, e.i. egrisis anu lazikis samefo. am or sax-elmwifoebriv erTeulSi politikuri, social-ekonomikuri da kulturu-li viTareba sakmaod gansxvavebuli iyo da, Sesabamisad, qristianobis gavr-celeba da saboloo damkvidreba sxvadasxva gziT da sxvadasxva situaciaSixdeboda~ (saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, 2001, gv. 113).

aqedan Cans, rom n. lomours wm. nino dasavleT saqarTvelos ganmanaTle-blad ar miaCnia, radgan, misi sityviT, `dasavleT saqarTveloSi sxva gziTSevida qristianoba~.

es daskvna ewinaaRmdegeba qarTul saeklesio istriografiaSi miRebulsaeklesio krebaTa, kerZod ki ruis-urbnisis krebis mier dadgenil de-bulebas aRniSnul sakiTxze da agreTve, saerTod qarTvel wmida mamaTa,istoriografTa da mematianeTa mier tradiciulad gansazRvrul Tval-sazriss.

ruis-urbnisis krebis RvTivganbrZnobil da wmida mamaTa TqmiT, saqarTve-lo erTiani, mTliani qveyana iyo, rogorc andria pirvelwodebuli mo-ciqulis, ise wmida ninos qadagebaTa dros, amitomac, rogorc wm. andria,ise wm. nino arian sruliad saqarTvelos da mTeli qarTveli eris gan-manaTlebelni, moviyvanoT Sesabamisi amonaridi ruis-urbnisis Zeglisweri-dan jer ZvelqarTulad da Semdeg axalqarTulad:

`pirvelwodebuli andria, Zma Tavisa mociqulTaisa petresi, vidre Cuen-damdeca moiwia da qadaga sacxorebeli qadageba saxarebisa yovelsa queya-nasa saqarTveloYsasa da uricxuni simravleni erTani ganaSora sacTurisa-gan~... (didi sjuliskanoni, 1975, gv. 545);

aqedan naTlad Cans, rom ruis-urbnisis krebis dadgenilebis Sesabamis-ad andria pirvelwodebulma iqadaga ara mxolod dasavleT saqarTveloSi,aramed `yovelsa qveyanasa saqarTveloYsasa~, e.i. sruliad saqarTveloSi,msgavsadve wmida ninom ruis-urbnisis krebis Tanaxmad `sarwmunoebasa mi-marT Tvisisa miizida yoveli savseba yovlisa qarTvelTa naTesavisa. (iqve,gv. 546). e.i. am krebas miaCnia, rom wmida ninom mTeli qarTveli eri (`yove-li savseba yovlisa qarTvelTa naTesavisa~) gaaqristiana. kidev erTxel Sei-Zleba vTqvaT, rom `yovelTa qarTvelTaSi~, cxadia, dasavleT saqarTve-los mosaxleoba igulisxmeba, radganac am krebis Zeglisweris erT-erTimTavari xelismomweria giorgi Wyondideli episkoposi da kreba, ` yovelTaqarTvelTaSi~ samegrelos da sruliad saqarTvelos mosaxleobas gulisx-mobda. am krebis Catarebis wels saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi dvritadasavleT saqarTvelo (egris-afxazeTi) iyo, radganac Tbilisi da qvemoqarTli saamiros xelSi iyo, kaxeT-hereTi droebiT ganze idga.

igive ruis-urbnisis kreba mefe mirianTan dakavSirebiT wers: `naTeliRo man da yovelman erman qarTlisaman~ (iqve, gv. 546).

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`qarTlis cxovrebis~, kerZod ki, Cveni udidesi saeklesio istorikosisleonti mroveli episkoposis Tanaxmad, mefe mirianis samefoSi aRmosav-leTTan erTad dasavleT saqarTveloc ` egrisic~ Sedioda:

`mefobda esreT mirian mcxeTiT gaRmarT qarTls, somxiTs, rans, hereTs,movakans da egrs~ (q.c.,1955, I, gv. 65).

ruis-urbnisis krebis Zeglisweris axali qarTuli Sesabamisi teqsti ase-Tia: ` mociqulTagan erTi _ pirvelwodebuli andria, mociqulTa Tavis, pe-tres Zma Cvenamde movida, saxarebis sacxonebeli qadageba mTel saqarTvelo-Si iqadaga~ (saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, 1987, gv. 464);

am krebis gansazRvrebiT, wmida ninom ` Tavisi sarwmunoebis mimarT miiz-ida qarTvelTa sruli modgma~ (saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, 1987, gv.464); wmida mefe mirianis dros ` naTeli iRo man da mTelma qarTvelma erma~(saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, 1987, gv. 464);

ai, esaa saeklesio istoriografiis mtkiceba, rom rogorc andria pirvel-wodebulis, ise wmida ninos dros naTeliRo mTelma erma. es TvalsazrisisavsebiT gansxvavdeba baton nodar lomouris Tvalsazrisisagan, romTiTqosda, aRniSnul epoqaSi dasavleT saqarTveloSi qristianoba sul sxvagziTa da sxva viTarebaSi dainerga. sxvaTa Soris, batoni nodar lomourisTeoria, romelic mecnierebaSi axal sityvad miiCneva, ara Tu Zalze hgavs,aramed imeorebs kidec XV saukuneSi antioqiis patriarq mixeilis Teorias.

samwuxaroa, rom Zvel qarTvel ` saxelovan mecnierTa mier Cvendami bo-Zebul Semecnebas~ (iv. javaxiSvilis sityvebia), rom mociqulebisa da wmidaninos mier safuZveli Caeyara erTian, yovelTa qarTvelTa momcvel ekle-sias spobs zogierTi axali qarTveli mecnieri.

maTgan gansxvavebiT, jer kidev saukunis dasawyisSi, rogorc ukve iTq-va, gaarkvia ivane javaxiSvilma, rom ` qronologiuradac qristianobis gavr-celebis dasawyisi aRmosavleTsa da dasavleT saqarTveloSi rogorc ety-oba, erTsa da imave xanad unda vigulisxmoT, am mxriv gansakuTrebiT yura-dRebis Rirsia gelasi kvizikelis moTxroba. mas iberTa moqcevis ambavSinaTqvami aqvs: `amave dros pontos gaswvriv mdebare qveynis mcxovrebmaiberebma da lazebma RmrTis sityva, romelic manamde ar swamdaT Seiwy-nares~. gamodis, rom aRmosavleTsa da dasavleT saqarTvelos qristianobaerTsa da imave dros miuRia... gelasi kvizikelis danarTi cnoba, rom iberebmada lazebma erTsa da imave dros miiRes qristianoba, arsebiTad swori gamodisim mxriv, rom dasavleT saqarTveloSic IV s-is damdegidan qristianobasgza gakvleuli unda hqonoda~ (iv. javaxiSvili, t. 1, 1979, gv. 269-271);

iberTa moqcevis Sesaxeb IV s-Si werdnen sokrate, sozomeni, Teodoritekvirikeli, nikifore kallisto da sxvani. marTalia, isini ar axseneben la-zebis gaqristianebas, magram amis mizezi iyo is, rom lazebs iberieli xalx-is erT-erT Stod miiCnevdnen, gelasi kvizikels ki es ambavi ufro dau-

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konkretebia. is da gelasi kesarieli weren, rom lazebma da iberebma erTiganmanaTleblis _ wmida ninos mier miiRes qristianoba.

zogierTi istorikosi qarTul eklesias prozelitursac ki uwodebs,radganac, TiTqosda, is sxva ucxo eklesiis, am SemTxvevaSi, dasavleTsaqarTvelos konstantinopolis iurisdiqciis sazRvrebSi iWreboda da mismrevls isakuTvrebda.

esaa dadanaSauleba prozelitizmSi.prozelitizmi dagmobilia mociqulTa droidanve, xolo sxvisi samwysos

misakuTreba eklesiisaTvis saTakilo qmedebad iTvleboda jer kidev I msof-lio krebidan. saqarTvelos eklesiisaTvis am saTakilo epiTetiT, Tanamed-rove avtorebs, Cans, eris winaSe Cveni eklesiis mniSvnelobis `warmoCena~surT, magaliTad, 2005 wels, saerTaSoriso konferenciaze, romelicsaqarTveloSi qristianobis oc saukunes eZRvneboda, saqarTvelos mec-nierebaTa erovnuli akademiis istoriis institutis saxeliT wardgeniliiqna moxseneba _ `qarTuli eklesia da saxelmwifo teritoria Sua sauku-neebSi~, sadac naTqvamia: ` qarTuli eklesiis kulturul-ideologiuri pro-zelitizmi winaswar qmnida mkvidr niadags politikuri procesebis war-matebiT ganviTarebisaTvis~ (d. musxeliSvili. qarTuli eklesia da sax-elmwifo teritoria Sua saukuneebSi. saqarTvelos sapatriarqos qris-tianuli kvlevis saerTaSoriso centri, II saerTaSoriso simpoziumi, 24-26 noemberi, 2005).

SeuZlebelia, saqarTvelos wmida eklesia prozelituri yofiliyo imi-tom, rom `prozelituri~ iseT eklesias ewodeba, romelic iWreba sxvaeklesiis samrevloSi misi misakuTrebis mizniT. aseTi qmedeba ki msofliosaeklesio kanonebiT miuRebeli iyo da aris. magaliTad, mociqulTa 35-ekanoni brZanebs: ` episkoposma ar unda gabedos xeldasxma Tavisi samrevlosgareT, qalaqebsa da soflebSi, romlebic ar eqvemdebarebian mis eklesias.xolo Tu igi mxilebuli iqneba, unda ganikveTos isic da mis mier xel-dasxmulebic~ (`didi sjulis kanoni~, 1974, mociqulTa kanonebi).

mociqulTa am kanons kidev ufro amtkicebs 381 wels konstantinopol-Si mowveuli II msoflio krebis me-2 kanoni: `eklesiaTa keTilad gangebisada mSvidobisaTvis arc erT episkoposs ara aqvs ufleba, gascdes Tavisieklesiis sazRvrebs da SeiWras sxva eklesiis sazRvrebSi, raTa ar moaxdi-nos eklesiebis aRreva. kanonis Tanaxmad, aleqsandriis episkoposi undaganagebdes mxolod egviptis eklesiebs... pontoeli episkoposni unda mar-Tavdnen mxolod pontos eklesiebs, xolo Trakiis episkoposni _ mxolodTrakiis eklesiebs. episkoposi ar unda gavides Tavisi samTavros eklesiisfarglebidan xeldasxmisaTvis~ (`didi sjulis kanoni~ 1974, II ms. krebis me-2 kanoni).

III msoflio krebis mamebma kidev ufro dabejiTebiT damoZRvres ekle-siaTa meTaurebi, ar daemorCilebinaT sxvisi samwyso: ` nurc erTi episkopo-

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si nu miitacebs sxva eparqias, romelic Tavidanve da ZvelTaganve ar emor-Cileboda mas da ar iyo mis winamorbed saydrismpyrobelTa gamgeblobisqveS, xolo Tu vinme miitacebs sxvis eparqias iZulebiT, ganTavisuflebuliunda iyos igi, raTa ar dairRves mamaTa kanonebi~ (III msoflio krebis me-8kanoni). imaves wers da aRniSnavs sxva saeklesio kanonebic. Tu qarTulieklesia prozelituri iyo da mas ZvelTaganve ar emorCileboda dasavleTsaqarTvelos, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos erTi nawilis, samxreT saqarTve-los samwysoebi, qarTulma eklesiam ki miiTvisa isini, amiT daurRvevia msof-lio saeklesio kanonebi, kerZod, mociqulTa 35-e, II msoflio krebis me-2,III msoflio krebis me-8, karTagenis 74-e da sxva kanonebi, da gana kanondam-rRvevi eklesia SeiZleba yofiliyo marTali da marTlmadidebluri, rom-liTac amayobdnen saqarTvelos eklesiis wmida mamebi? amis Taobaze Sesani-Snavad miuTiTebda prokofi kesarieli, `rom qarTvelebi marTlmadide-blobis wesebs yvelaze ukeT icavdnen~. somexi ierarqebi werdnen, romqarTvelebi amayoben TavianTi sarwmunoebrivi siwmidiT da TavianTi saek-lesio upiratesobiT.

saqarTvelos eklesia ki Turme, `qarTuli sabWoTa enciklopediis~ si-tyviT, arRvevda umTavres saeklesio kanonebs da sxvis iurisdiqciaSi iWre-boda, is wers: `dasavleT saqarTveloSi gabatonda qarTuli eklesia damRvdelmsaxurebac qarTul enaze sruldeboda, ramac didad Seuwyo xelidasavleT saqarTveloSi ` qarTizaciis~ process~ (qarTuli sabWoTa encik-lopedia, `saq. ssr~, 1981 w., gv. 61).

qarTuli eklesiis `gabatonebamde~ dasavleT saqarTveloSi, Cveni is-torikosebis mtkicebiT, Turme arsebobda egrisisa da afxazeTis eklesie-bi, romlebic imyofebodnen konstantinopolis iurisdiqciaSi, isini SemdgomgaerTianebulan konstantinopolis iurisdiqciaSive, magram IX s-Si mcxe-Tis sakaTalikosos ` gabatonebis~ Sedegad konstantinopolis sapatriarqosdaukargavs mTeli dasavleT saqarTvelos momcveli es mniSvnelovani samit-ropolitoebi da saepiskoposoebi.

sabWoTa epoqis istorikosi wers: `es saeklesio gamoyofa, rogorcvTqviT, erTbaSad ar momxdara. jer xorcieldeba egris-afxazeTis eklesie-bis gaerTianeba, rogorc konstantinopolis samwysoSi Semavali eparqiisa,romelsac saTaveSi afxazTa kaTalikosi edga (VIII s-is bolo an IX s-is dasawy-isi); Semdgom IX s-is manZilze (safiqrebelia, ufro mis pirvel naxevarSive)dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesia gamoeyo konstantinopolis sapatriarqosda mcxeTis taxts uerTdeba, xolo afxazTa kaTalikosi sruliad saqarTve-los kaTalikoss eqvemdebareba. konstantinopolidan gamoyofis Semdegiwyeba berZnuli kaTedrebis moSla da maT sapirispirod qarTuli saepisko-poso centrebis daarseba~. es saeklesio reforma, n. berZeniSvilis varau-diT, sabolood X s-Si sruldeba (saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, t. II,Tb., 1973).

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`qarTuli eklesiis konstantinopolis sapatriarqos iurisdiqciaSireaqciuli SeWris~ Sesaxeb ` narkvevebSi~ weria: ` qarTvelebi aqedan sdevnianberZnul enas, berZnul viwro erovnul kulturas, SemoaqvT da avrcele-ben sakuTar, qarTul enas, qarTul RvTismsaxurebas da qarTul saeklesio-samonastro wesebs. qarTul kulturas Tan mohqonda qarTuli politikuriSegneba da ideali, ase rom mcxeTa jer enobrivad (eTnikur elementebzedayrdnobiT) SeiWra lixT-imereTSi, xolo Semdeg, rogorc Cans, es sain-tereso formula wamoayena Tavisi organizaciuli gabatonebis dasafuZne-blad _ `qarTlia~ iq, sadac mRvdelmsaxureba qarTul enazea (mxolod`kvirieleisoni~ SeiZleba berZnulad). mironis kurTxeva ` qarTls~ ganewese-ba. maSasadame, qarTls nakurTxi mironi savaldebuloa yvela im eklesii-saTvis, sadac mRvdelmsaxureba qarTul enazea. cxadia, mcxeTis sakaTali-kosos mxriv es aris kanonikuri safuZvlebis dacviT konstantinopolissapatriarqos winaaRmdeg mimarTuli brZola lixT-imereTis eklesiaze or-ganizaciulad gabatonebis mizniT~ (T. papuaSvili _ adrefeodaluri xanisqarTuli literatura da saistorio mwerloba, wignSi: `saqarTvelos is-toriis narkvevebi~, t. II, Tb., 1973).

msgavs nakvlevebs eyrdnoba afxazi saeklesio separatisti d. dbari dawers: IX-X ss-Si ` afxazuri eklesia da afxazuri saxelmwifo qarTvelma agre-sorebma qarTuli eklesiis winamZRolobiT daipyres da afxazuri eklesiaCakles~ ( (). , , 2005 ., c.10).

d. dbari imeorebs `narkvevebisa~ qse-s Semdeg mTavar daskvnebs: `kon-stantinopolidan gamoyofis Semdgom iwyeba berZnuli kaTedrebis moSlada maT sapirispirod qarTuli saepiskoposo centrebis daarseba~ (narkv., II,gv. 427). ` dasavleT saqarTveloSi gabatonda qarTuli eklesia da mRvdelm-saxurebac qarTul enaze sruldeboda, ramac xeli Seuwyo dasavleTsaqarTvelos qarTizaciis process~ (qarTuli sabWoTa enciklopedia (qse),t. `saq. ssr~, 1981 w., gv. 61). _ `es aris kanonikuri safuZvlebis dacviTkonstantinopolis sapatriarqos winaaRmdeg mimarTuli brZola lixT-im-ereTis eklesiaze organizaciulad gabatonebis mizniT~ (saq. istoriisnarkvevebi, t. II, 1973, gv. 586) da sxva.

es afxazi separatisti siamovnebiT imeorebs da Tavisi naSromis mTavar`samxilad~ warmoadgens Cveni mecnierebis `mtkicebebs~ imis Sesaxeb, rom,Turme, qarTuli eklesia SeWrila sxva eklesiis (konstantinopolis) iuris-diqciaSi (dasavleT saqarTveloSi anu afxazeTSi), iq gauuqmebia berZnulikaTedrebi da dauarsebia sakuTari. TiTqosda, saqarTvelos eklesiam qarTu-li ena dasavleT saqarTveloSi gaavrcela IX-X ss-Si, amasTanave, gandevnaiqidan berZeni episkoposebi da TviTon `gabatonda~.

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d. dbarma es sabWouri samecniero dogma gaavrcela mTel msoflioSi,kerZod, Tavdapirvelad viTomda ` aRadgina ukanonod gauqmebuli e.w. afx-azeTis samitropolito~, Semdeg ki misi saxeliT mimarTvebi gaugzavna msof-lios yvela marTlmadidebel eklesias, mowodebiT, rom maT cnon ` qarTve-lebis mier ukanonod gauqmebuli afxazeTis avtokefaluri eklesia~. sam-wuxarod am mimarTvebs gamoxmaurebac moyva.

sabWoTa kavSiris sazRvrebis Caketilobis gamo berZnul samyaroSi da,maT Soris, konstantinopolis sapatriarqoSic XX saukunis bolosac aricnobdnen iqamde sruliad axal sabWoTa `saistorio Teorias~ qarTulieklesiis prozelitizmisa da ` misi konstantinopolis sapatriarqos winaaRm-deg mimarTuli brZolis Sesaxeb~ (sabWoTa istorikosebis sityvebia). cno-bili berZeni kanonistis _ mitropolit maqsimes 1966 wels gamocemuliwigni ` saqarTvelos eklesia da misi avtokefalia~ ar Seicavs cnobebs aRniS-nulTan dakavSirebiT.

SeiZleba daisvas kiTxva, ra problemebi Seeqmneba saqarTvelos ekle-sias samomavlod, Tu konstantinopolis sapatriarqo an ucxoeTis rome-lime eklesia oficialurad aRiarebs aRniSnul Teorias, qarTuli eklesiisSeWris Sesaxeb iqamde konstantinopolis iurisdiqciaSi myof dasavleTsaqarTveloSi, es Teoria xom ar SeuqmniT maT myar samarTlebriv safuZv-els, raTa scnon da aRiaron separatistuli eklesiebi afxazeTsa da dasav-leT saqarTvelos sxva kuTxeebSi.

meore mxriv, es Teoria iZleva karg saSualebas da masze dayrdnobiTdainteresebuli mxareebi ukve aqezeben am kuTxeTa separatist moazrovneebs,raTa dedaeklesiad aRiaron ara saqarTvelos wmida eklesia, aramed kon-stantinopolis sapatriarqo. aRniSnuli ` saeklesio Teoria~ yvelaze ufrometad gaitana da gaavrcela rusulma ` pravoslavnaia enciklopediam~.

arasodes, arc erT saukuneSi, konstantinopolis sapatriarqos argamouTqvams araviTari Tvalsazrisi an SeniSvnac ki dasavleT saqarTvelosmis eparqiebSi qarTuli eklesiis SeWris Sesaxeb. es rom ase yofiliyo,qarTul-berZnuli aTaswlovani saeklesio urTierTobebis dros amis Sesax-eb erTxel mainc gamoiTqmeboda Tundac mcire SeniSvna. saqme is aris, romkonstantinopolis iurisdiqciaSi myofi fazisis samitropolito da misioTxi saepiskoposo, romlebic, TiTqosda, qarTuli eklesiis mier iyvnengauqmebulni, sinamdvileSi mdebareobdnen ara dasavleT saqarTveloSi,aramed qarTveli eris uZveles qveyanaSi, romelsac trapizonis olqi ewo-da. iqamde ki mas erqva ` qaldea~, ` sofeli megrelTa~. iq trapizonis olqSimdebare Woroxis anu fasisis marcxena sanapiroze mdebareobdnen fasisissamitropolito da misi saepiskoposoebi _ rodopolisisa, saisinisa, petron-isa da ziganasi, rogorc es kargad aris garkveuli n. adoncis mier. kon-stantinopolis iurisdiqciis CrdiloeTiT moqceuli miwa-wyali xufaT-

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Woroxidan vidre mdinare egriswylamde (vaxtang gorgaslis Semdgommdinare klisuramde), da ` mcire xazareTis mdinaremde~ (yubanamde) _ ZvelT-aganve saqarTvelos eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda.

dasavleT saqarTvelo eklesiurad odesme konstantinopolis iuris-diqciaSi rom yofiliyo, amis Sesaxeb uTuod SemorCeboda pirdapiri aniribi cnobebi TviT berZnul wyaroebSive, an raime sayvedurnarevi miniSne-ba mainc iqneboda berZeni ierarqebisa, aseTi ki ar arsebobs. magaliTad,konstantinopolis patriarqi nikoloz mistikosi Zalze Tbil da mego-brul werilebs werda afxazTa mefes giorgi II-s X saukunis Sua wlebSi,roca sabWoTa istorikosebis azriT, mis samefoSi ` brZola iyo gaCaRebulikonstantinopolis sapatriarqos winaaRmdeg~, ase rom yofiliyo, konstan-tinopolis patriarqi nikoloz mistikosi rogorme moaxerxebda protes-tis gacxadebas afxazTa mefis _ giorgi meorisadmi (922-957 ww.), [patriarqmistikosis werilebi giorgi II-sadmi; georgika, IV, nakveTi II]; erTi sityviT,wyaroebi ar adastureben sabWour epoqaSi miRebul Tvalsazriss.

Sua saukuneebSi, mas Semdeg rac kaTolike da sxva misionerebi saqarTve-loTi dainteresdnen, maT, Cemi mosazrebiT, SecdomiT, evropaSi pirveladgaavrceles Tvalsazrisi, rom istoriaSi Cakarguli kolxeTi mdebareobdarionis regionSi. rom md. fazisi rioni iyo. es mosazreba XIX-XX ss-SiCvenSic damkvidrda, XX s-Si ki ganmtkicda Tvalsazrisi, rom rionis dablob-Si (`lazikaSi~) 500-600 wlis manZilze konstantinopolis sapatriarqo avr-celebda Tavis iurisdiqcias. es mosazreba ewinaaRmdegeboda qarTulwyaroebs _ Sesabamisad qarTul wyaroebs gamoecxada sruli undobloba,radganac maTi cnobebiT dasavleT saqarTvelo mudam qarTlis samefosa daqarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi imyofeboda.

es mosazrebani mTlianad ewinaaRmdegebian ruis-urbnisis krebis wmidamamebisa da sxva Zveli qarTveli istorikosebis mtkicebebs. imdenad saxif-aTo saxe miiRo amgvarma mtkicebebma, rom am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT imsje-la wmida sinodma da Sesabamisi dadgenilebac miiRo.

zemoT aRniSnul wmida sinodis ganCinebaSi dasavleT saqarTvelos gar-da masSi naxsenebia saqarTvelos sxva ZirZveli kuTxeebi, romelnic sa-davod aqcia qarTizaciis Teoriam, magaliTad kaxeTis umetesi nawili: undaiTqvas, rom kaxeTis umetesi nawili, romelsac hereTad miiCneven, rogorcaRiniSna, qarTizaciis Teoriis Sesabamisad albaneTis sakaTalikosos mi-akuTvnes.

zogi istorikosis TvalsazrisiT wmida ninos saqmianoba, TiTqosda, mi-marTuli iyo iqiTken, rom hereTSi mcxovrebi araqarTuli mosaxleoba (al-banelebi) gaeqarTvelebina. Cveni azriT, aseTi warmodgena wmida ninos SesaxebZalze ucnauria.

amis Sesaxeb mecnieri wers: sujeTisa da kambeCovanis sazRvarze mdebarebodbe, TiTqosda, mefe mirianis dros `axladSemoerTebuli qveyana iyo, aq

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`albanelebic (herebi) cxovrobdnen... maTi saboloo asimilacia drois am-bavi iyo~. anda, `Cans, mirian mefis da wmida ninos intensiuri kulturul-saganmanaTleblo saqmianoba mimarTuli iyo hereTSi qarTuli qristianobisgavrcelebisaken... romelic winaaRmdegobas awydeboda ara mxolod al-banelTagan, aramed somxebisganac~ (d. musxeliSvili. saqarTvelo IV-VIIIsaukuneebSi, 2003, gv. 38).

sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, wmida nino ` aqarTvelebda~ ara marto her-albanelebs, aramed, somxebsac;

Cveni mecnieris am mosazrebis sapirispirod, movses xorenacs mTelimosaxleoba ` klarjeTidan masquTebamde~ (anu kaspiis zRvispireTSi mcxov-reb tom masquTebamde) _ eTnikur qarTvelebad miaCnia (sadac iqadaga wmidaninom) da ara somxebad, anda albanelebad (herebad).

somxuri saistorio mwerlobis mama, somexTa herodoted wodebuli,movses xorenaci wers: `sanatreli nune wavida iqedan, raTa Tavisi advil-gasagebi saubriT qarTvelTa qveynis sxva kuTxeebic daemoZRvra. gavbedavda vityvi, rom nune mociquli qali gaxda. man iqadaga saxareba klarjeTidandawyebuli vidre alanTa da kaspiis karamde, masquTTa sazRvrebamde, rogorcamas agaTangelozi gvauwyebs~ (movses xorenaci, `somxeTis istoria~, 1984,gv. 172).

wmida ninos somxebi, anda Tundac albanelebi (Cveni mecnieris azriT _igive herebi) rom gaeqarTvelebina, rogorme xorenaci miuTiTebda amisSesaxeb, magram is sul sxva raimes gvauwyebs. kerZod, sazRvravs qarTvelebiseTnikur gansaxlebas _ esaa klarjeTidan, vidre alanTa da kaspiis karamdeda vidre masquTTa sazRvramde _ am sazRvrebSi, misi sityvidan gamomdinare,qarTvelebi saxloben, maT uqadaga wmida ninom; ase rom, darialis karamdemcxovrebi dvalebi gaqarTvelebuli vainaxebi ki ar iyvnen, rogorc war-moudgenia sabWouri epoqis istoriografias, aramed _ qarTvelebi, asevemasquTebis qveynamde, anu aRniSnul mtkvar-araqsis SesarTavamde mcxovre-bi herebi m. xorenacs eTnikur qarTvelebad miaCnia da ara albanelebad.

xorenaci, V s. istorikosi, qarTvelebis sacxovriss masquTebis qveyna-mde e.i. mtkvar-araqsis SesarTavamde da kaspiis zRvispiramde miuTiTebs,xolo mis sapirispirod, qarTvel mecniers bodbec albanelebis qalaqadmiaCnia.

xorenacisagan gansxvavebiT, qarTveli mecnieri fiqrobs, rom wmida ni-nos `prozelitizmis simbolo~ aRumarTavs axladSemoerTebul albanurqalaq bodisSi (e.i. sadRac ujarma _ bodbeSi) da wers: `mgonia ase undagavigoT wmida ninos gadawyvetileba, rom jvari _ qristianuli prozeli-tizmis simbolo _ droebiT ` aRimarTos igi ujarmas qalaqsa da daba bodi-si ara win aRudges qalaqsa mas mefeTasa, rameTu erisa simravle ars mun~(d. musxeliSvili. saqarTvelo IV-VIII saukuneebSi, 2003, gv. 38).

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ase iqca _ Cveni mecnieris sityviT _ `ori faqtobrivad eTnikuraderTmaneTisagan gansxvavebuli qveyana erT kulturul erTeulad~ anu ganx-orcielda albanelebis ` qarTizacia~.

aqedan Cans, rom sabWoTa epoqis istorikosebis azriT, wmida nino qarT-lis garda, albaneTSic moRvaweobda da man albaneTis qveynis erTi nawiliqarTul eklesias SemouerTa.

bodbis miCneva ara qarTlis, aramed albaneTis qalaqad, qarTul wyaroebsewinaaRmdegeba.

wmida nino qarTvelTa ganmanaTlebelia da ara albanelebisa. jvari araris prozelitizmis simbolo, rogorc istorikosi wers. saqarTvelos ek-lesias jvari prozelituri mizniT arasodes gamouyenebia, miT umetes,araqarTuli tomebis `asimilacia-gaqarTvelebis~ mizniT; aseTi mosazrebausafuZvloa, igi ar eyrdnoba wyaroebs.

XX s-Si Camoyalibebul, amJamad gavrcelebuli umarTebulo Tvalsazriss,TiTqosda, bodbe, sagarejo, saingilo da Siraqi istoriulad albaneTSiSedioda, Sedegad mohyva dainteresebuli mxareebis gaaqtiureba.

Sesabamisad, albaneTis sakaTalikosos rukebzec (IV-VI ss.) bodbe da misimimdebare miwebi (ior-alaznis SesarTavamde) albaneTis sakaTalikosos ter-itoriadaa warmodgenili:

`pravoslavnaia enciklopedias~ rukaze `albaneTis sakaTalikoso~ daSesabamis statiebSi qarTlis samefos teritoriis vrceli nawili Telavidanior-alaznis SesarTavamde albaneTis (e.i. azerbaijanis) istoriul teri-toriadaa warmodgenili (radganac, albaneTis kulturul da teritoriulmemkvidred azerbaijani miiCneva).

rogorc ukve aRiniSna, es mosazrebani mTlianad ewinaaRmdegebian ruis-urbnisis krebis wmida mamebisa da sxva Zveli qarTveli istorikosebis mtki-cebebs. imdenad saxifaTo saxe miiRo amgvarma mtkicebebma, rom am sakiTxTandakavSirebiT imsjela wmida sinodma da Sesabamisi dadgenilebac miiRo.amasTanave wyaroebisa da Sesabamisi kvlevebis guldasmiTi da miukerZoebelianalizi da kvlevebi, romelic qvemoTaa mocemuli, srul uflebas gvaZlevsganvacxadoT, rom mTlianad marTldeba Zveli saeklesio swavleba aRniSnulsakiTxze.

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35

Tavi I

wyaroebi

CvenSi damkvidrebuli TvalsazrisiT fazisi erqva md. rions da lazikisumetesi nawili mis dablobSi mdebareobda (Sesabamisad, aqve, dasavleTsaqarTveloSi, mdebareobda konstantinopolis iurisdiqciis qveS myofieparqiebi). am mosazrebis damamtkicebel wyaroebad uTiTeben strabonis,prokofi kesarielisa da sxvaTa naSromebs. Cven qvemoT gamowvlilviT vix-ilavT am wyaroebs, da vamtkicebT, rom strabonisa da sxvaTa mixedviTkolxeTi da lazika mdebareobda iberiis anu qarTlis samefos samxreT-dasavleTiT, qarTvelTa istoriul miwa-wyalze Woroxis xeobidan trape-zuntis mimarTulebiT. qvemoT mocemuli aris wyaroTa ganxilva.

straboni kolxeTis Sesaxeb

kolxida iberiis samxreT-dasavleTiT mdebareobda

T. yauxCiSvili Tavis wignSi ` strabonis geografia~ (1957) wers: strabo-nis cnobiT, ` kolxebi moxsenebulni arian ara iberia-albaniis gayolebaze,aramed ufro samxreTiT _ armeniis gaswvriv~ (T. yauxCiSvili, strabonisgeografia~, 1957, gv. 21).

amave mosazrebas, rom kolxebi cxovroben armenielebis gaswvriv daara iberebisa, straboni sxvaganac imeorebs. T. yauxCiSvili wers (iqve, gv.21) _ `yuradRebas ipyrobs is garemoeba, rom iberielebi da albanelebikolxebs zemoT mcxovreblebad arian gamocxadebuli~ (strab. VI, 4, 2).

aqedan Cans, rom kolxeTi _ iberiis samxreTiT (samxreT-dasavleTiT)mdebareobda. marTlac, is (strabonis cnobiTve) moicavda trapezuntisregions mimarTuls Woroxis xeobisaken.

straboni Tavis TxzulebaSi, dabejiTebiT da ramdenjerme, imitomuTiTebs mdinare fasisis saTavis armeniasTan siaxlovis Sesaxeb, rom masfasisad miaCnia md. Woroxi. mxolod aseTi ganlagebis SemTxvevaSi aRmoCn-deba kolxeTi iberiis samxreT-dasavleTiT, xolo iberia ki mis ` zemoT~.

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T. yauxCiSvili kvlav ubrundeba am sakiTxs da wers: ` strabonis meorerigis cnobebSi kolxida isea gansazRvruli, rom is aRmosavleTiTaa kapado-kiisagan, erT xazzea armeniasTan da iberia da albania masze ufro Crdi-lo-aRmosavleTiT mdebareoben~ (T. yauxCiSvili, strabonis geografia,1957, gv. 283).

aSkaraa, rom strabonis am cnobebis mixedviT kolxida mdebareobda ara`iberiis gaswvriv~ e.i. dasavleT saqarTveloSi, aramed ` armeniis gaswvriv~trapezunt-Woroxis regionSi, anu istoriuli saqarTvelos samxreT-dasav-leT nawilSi. radganac kabadokiasTan kavSirSic axsenebs straboni kolx-eTs, Cans, misi erTi nawili trapezuntis dasavleTiTac mdebareobda.

kolxidis sanapiro

marTlac, strabonis cnobiT, kolxidis `sanapiro vrceldeba pitiun-tidan trapezuntamde~ (iqve, T. yauxCiSvili, strab. geografia, gv. 283).

pitiuntis adgilmdebareoba dRemde sadavoa. kerZod, n. adonci dap. ingoroyva pitiunts (pitias) aTavsebdnen rizesTan axlos punqt ofTan.sxva mosazrebebiT ki, aq igulisxmeba afxazeTis biWvinTa. zemoT aRniSnul-idan, rom kolxida _ armeniis gaswvrivaa, `erT xazzea armeniasTan~, ufrosavaraudoa, rom strabonis pitiunti iyo of-rizes regionSi.

kolxidis gaswvriv, ` erT xazze~ _ armeniaa

strabonis cnobebidan Cans, rom kolxidas gverdiT, `erT xazze arme-niasTan~, mis gaswvriv aRmosavleTiT mdebareobda armenia da ara iberia.magaliTad, iazonma kolxeTis Semdeg ilaSqra armeniasa da midiaSi. ratom?imitom, rom kolxebis uSualo, gaswvrivi mezoblebi iyvnen armenielebi damis Semdeg midielebi. amitomac wers straboni Semdegs _ `Zveli xalxebiSua zRvaSi ki ar curavdnen, aramed napirnapir, rogorc iazoni, romelmacdastova xomaldi, rodesac kolxebidan modioda da armeniasa da midiamdexmeleTiT ilaSqra~ (straboni, I, 3, 2. iqve, T. yauxCiSvili, strabonis geogra-fia, gv. 74).

`iberebi dasaxldnen kolxidis zemoT araqsTan~

strabonis TvalsazrisiT, kavkasiaSi iberebi gadmosaxldnen ` dasavleTisiberiidan~ anu espaneTidan, da isini dasaxldnen ara kolxidis gaswriv mde-bare adgilebSi, aramed _ kolxidis zemoT, araqsTan da mis iqiT: ` dasavleTisiberTa nawili gadasaxlda pontosa da kolxidis zemoT mdebare adgilebSi(iberebi, apolidores mtkicebis Tanaxmad, armenias esazRvrebian araqsiT,ufro ki mtkvriT da mosxuri mTebiT). egviptelTa nawili eTiopiasa da

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kolxebSi gadasaxlda~ (straboni, I, 3, 21. T. yauxCiSvili, strabonis geogra-fia, gv. 81). maSasadame, aqac, iberebi kolxidis zemoT cxovroben md. araq-sis mimarTulebiT. maSasadame, kolxeTs straboni ar uwodebs dasavleTsaqarTvelos, radganac dasavleT saqarTvelos ` zemoT~ araa md. araqsi!

kolxida samsunTanaa

straboni sxvagan wers: ` amisodan aRmosavleTisaken jer Segvxvdeba kolx-ida~ (strab. II, 1, 3), maSasadame, kolxeTi _ qalaq amisos aRmosavleT mxare-saa. q. amiso, amJamad, iwodeba samsunad, ase ganimarteba _ `amiso _ qalaqipontoSi, exlandeli samsuni~ (T. yauxCiSvili, dasax. naSr. gv. 270). maSasa-dame, kolxida samsunTanaa, e.i. trapezuntis mxares.

armenia da kolxida erTmaneTis gaswvrivaa

roca iberiaze saubrobs straboni, xSirad asaxelebs dasavleT saqar-Tvelos zRvispireTSi mcxovreb tomebs _ aqeelebs, zigebs, henioxebs dasxvebs (straboni, II, 5, 31), magram kolxidis gaswvriv, ` erT xazze~, yovelTvisarmenias asaxelebs, magaliTad wers _ `hirkaniis zRvasa da pontos Sorisaris didi nawili armeniisa, kolxida da mTeli kapadokia evqsinis pontomdeda tibarenTa tomebamde~ (strab. II, 5, 31). kolxeTis CrdiloeTiT sazRvravszigebs, aqevelebs, henioxebs da sxvebs.

strabonma, cxadia, kargad icis ras wers, magaliTad, iqve miuTiTebsgeografiuli ` paralelebis~ Sesaxeb _ ` eratosTenes mixedviT es paraleligadis kariaze~ (II, 5, 39) anda `cota CrdiloeTiT aris paraleli, romelicgadis lisimaqiaze~ (II, 5, 40) da sxva.

`kolxidis zemoT mcxovrebi albanebi da iberebi~

iberebis gaswvriv (dasavleTiT) henioxebi, svanebi da sxva tomebi cxov-roben, xolo kolxebis gaswvriv (aRmosavleTiT) ki armenielebi. maSasa-dame, kolxebis qarTuli tomi cxovrobda kapadokielebisa da armenieleb-is gverdiT.

straboni kidev erTxel ubrundeba sakiTxs, rom iberebi ara kolxebisgverdiT, aramed maT maRla cxovroben da wers: `armenielebi da kolxidiszemoT mcxovrebi albanebica da iberebic, saWiroeben mxolod mmarTvelTayolas da kargad morCileben mas~ (strab. VI, 4, 2). maSasadame, dabejiTebiTSeiZleba iTqvas, rom strabonisTvis kolxeTi erqva ara dasavleT saqarTve-los aramed iberiis samxreT-dasavleTiT mdebare miwa-wyals, amitom is`kolxidis zemoT~ iyo moqceuli.

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kolxida trapezuntTanaa

sxva adgilas ki straboni miuTiTebs, rom kolxeTi _ trapezuntTan mde-bareobda _ is wers: `tavrebis mTianeTSi aris mTa trapezunti, Tanamosax-ele im qalaqisa, romelic mdebareobs tibaraniasa da kolxidasTan~ (strab.VII, 4, 3).

kunZulebi kolxidis sanapiros gaswvriv

dasavleT saqarTvelos zRvispireTSi, rogorc cnobilia ar aris kun-Zulebi, magram strabonis cnobiT kolxidis sanapiros gaswvriv kunZulebiiyo, isini ki imiT iyo cnobili, TiTqosda, aq mokla medeam Tavisi Zma _`mTeli sanapiros gaswvriv aris afsirtidis kunZulebi, romlebTanac medeammohkla Tavisi Zma afsirte, romelic daedevna medeas~ (strab. VII, 5, 5).maSasadame, es sanapiro trapezuntis mxares mdebareobda.

iazonis laSqroba armeniaSi

strabonis azriT, iazonma ilaSqra armeniaSic da wers: ` iazonis laSqrobasmowmoben iazonis taZrebi, magaliTad abderaSi, iazonis taZari, parmenion-is mier agebuli~ (strab. XI, Tavi 14, 12). armeniaSi iazonis Tanamgzavrebispativsacemadac augiaT taZrebi.

saerTod, strabonis TvalsazrisiT, armenielebi iazonis laSqrobis Sem-degaa Camoyalibebuli, is wers: ` Zveli istoria am xalxis aseTia: armenosmaarmenionidan, Tesaliis qalaqidan, romelic mdebareobs ferasa da larisasSoris, ilaSqra iazonTan erTad armeniaSi... vinc armenosTan erTad iyvnen,zogi dasaxldnen akiliseneSi, romelic uwin sofenebis gamgeblobaSi iyo,zogic sispiritisSi kalaqenemde da adiabenemde armeniis sazRvrebs gareT.amboben, rom tansacmeli armenielebs Tesaliuri aqvT... xolo Tesaliele-bi grZel tansacmels atareben, radgan elinTa Soris yvelaze ufro Crdi-lo da susxian adgilebSi cxovroben~ (T. yauxCiSvili, strabonis geogra-fia, gv. 194).

midielebi _ medeas STamomavlebi

strabonis azriT armenielebi da midielebi arian medeasa da iazonisSTamomavlebi. saerTod straboni miiCnevs, rom medea iyo ara genetikurikolxi (e.i. ara egviptelTa Camomavali), aramed Tesalieli, iseve, rogorciazoni iyo Tesalieli. Tesalielebi ki strabons miaCnia elinebad, amis Sesa-xeb wers _ ` yovelive amis mixedviT amsgavseben midielebsa da armenielebs,romelTac raRaca naTesaoba aqvT TesalielebTan da maTTan vinc iazonisada medeas Camomavlebi arian~ (straboni XI, Tavi 14, 14).

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qarTvelebi armenielTa mier dapyrobil iberiaSi

saerTod, unda iTqvas, rom imJamindeli politikuri viTarebis gamo,tibarenebic da qaldebic (Wanebi), araqsze mcxovrebi iberebic armeniispolitikur-kulturuli gavlenis sferoSi iyvnen moqceulni, imis gamo,rom armeniam iberiisagan miitaca miwa-wyali.

straboni wers: `mogviTxroben, rom warsulSi armeniis patara qveyanagafarTovda artaqsiasa da zariadrias omebis Sedegad. isini iyvnen antioqdidis mxedarTmTavrebi, misi damarcxebis Semdeg ki mefeebi gaxdnen. maTerTad gaafarToves TavianTi samflobelo, CamoaWres ra irgvliv mcxovrebxalxebs olqebi. kerZod, iberebisagan miitaces pariadres mTiswineTi,xorZene da gogarene, romelic kiris meore mxaresaa, xalibebs da mosini-kebs CamoaWres kareniti da qserqsene, mcire armeniis mosazRvre nawilebi~(straboni, geografia, XI, 14, 5). am CamorTmeul (ukve armeniaSi Semaval)miwebze mcxovreb qarTul tomebs, albaT garkveulwilad ukve armenize-bulT, straboni politikur somxebad miiCnevda.

iazoni araqsTan

armeniaSi iazonma, strabonis cnobiT, araqsis wyals gauWra axali kal-apoti, riTac mudmivi datborvisagan ixsna vrceli dablobi (T. yauxCiS-vili, strabonis geografia, gv. 194).

fazisi _ ` armeniis mdinarea~

aseve, strabonisaTvis Woroxi _ fazisi _ armeniis mdinarea, armeniismdinarea likosic. amitomac wers _ `qveyanaSi (armeniaSi) bevri mdinarea,gansakuTrebiT cnobilia fazisi da likosi~ (T. yauxCiSvili, strabonisgeografia, gv. 190).

fazisi armeniis mdinared miiCneva strabonis mier (strab. XI, Tavi 14, 7).am cnobidan ki aSkaraa, rom fazisi araa strabonisTvis dasavleT saqarTve-los mdinare. ase, rom ar iyos, maSin dasavleT saqarTvelo armeniis nawiladCaiTvleba, rac cxadi uzustobaa. fazisi armeniis mdinared imitom miiCnevastrabonis mier, rom Woroxi moiazreba fazisis qveS. amitomac, kidev ram-denjerme ambobs straboni, rom ` fazisis saTave armeniaSia~. (XI, 2, 17).

strabonis es cnobebi ase unda ganimartos: mas Semdeg, rac armeniam,strabonisave cnobiT, iberias waarTva vrceli olqebi _ pariadres kalTe-bi, xorZene da gogarena, cxadia, samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos mravaligeografiuli punqti da mdinare aRmoCnda armeniis xelSi. amitomac, rogorciTqva, strabonis cnobiT _ saTave samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos mdinarefazisisa (e.i. Woroxi) moeqca armeniaSi da Sesabamisad am armeniidan iRebdais saTaves (strab. XI, 2, 17).

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erT regionSi mdebare _ trapezunti, farnakia, mcire armenia,skidise, kolxidis zemoT mdebare mosxuri mTebi, pariadre,

Tem