5th intensive course on soil micromorphology naples 2001 12th - 14th september image analysis...
TRANSCRIPT
5th Intensive Course on Soil Micromorphology
Naples 2001
12th - 14th September
Image Analysis
Lecture 1
Introduction
5th Intensive Course on Soil Micromorphology - Naples 2001
Image Analysis - Lecture 1
morning: 2 lectures (45/60 mins): 2 practicals (45/60 mins) afternoon: 2 lectures (45 mins): 2 practicals (60 mins)
morning: 2 lectures (45 mins): 2 practicals: (60 mins) afternoon: 2 practicals (90/60 mins): 1 lecture (60 mins)
morning: 2 lectures: 45 min: 2 practicals:(60 mins) afternoon: 2 lectures (45 mins): 2 practicals (60 mins)
Image Analysis (Provisional Timetable)
12th September:
13th September
14th September
5th Intensive Course on Soil Micromorphology - Naples 2001
Image Analysis - Lecture 1
1: Introduction to Analysis of Microfabric
Practical2: Image Acquisition
Practical
<------------------------ lunch------------------------------>
3: Image Formats - requirements of image processing/analysis: manual methods of measurement on digital images
Practical
4: Image enhancement/filtering/contrast stretching.
Practical
12th September
5th Intensive Course on Soil Micromorphology - Naples 2001
Image Analysis - Lecture 1
13th September
5. Thresholding - interactive methods including manual
editting, low pass filters: use of HIT and MISS transforms. Practical
6. Morphological/Orientation based segmentation
Practical
<-----------------------lunch----------------------->
Practical
7. Analysis of Segmented images - particle size/perimeter/feret diameter.
Practical
5th Intensive Course on Soil Micromorphology - Naples 2001
Image Analysis - Lecture 1
14th September
8. Introduction to binary Morphology Methods (Opening/Closing) Practical
9. Grey Level Morphology: Multi-Spectral Methods
Practical
<-----------------------lunch----------------------->
10. More advanced Image Restoration: Basic Batch Processing
Practical / Demonstrations
11. Engineering Applications of soil microfabric analysis.
Practical / Demonstrations
5th Intensive Course on Soil Micromorphology - Naples 2001
Image Analysis - Lecture 1
1: Introduction to Analysis of Microfabric
Interpretation - Scale / magnification is important - but it is even more important with digital image analysis/quantification
What is this image?
5th Intensive Course on Soil Micromorphology - Naples 2001
Image Analysis - Lecture 1
1: Introduction to Analysis of Microfabric
5th Intensive Course on Soil Micromorphology - Naples 2001
Image Analysis - Lecture 1
1: Introduction to Analysis of Microfabric
5th Intensive Course on Soil Micromorphology - Naples 2001
Image Analysis - Lecture 1
1: Introduction to Analysis of Microfabric
Subjective Methods (may include quantification):
A. Methods using normal Photographs
Presence/Absence of features or numbers of features (point counting) [classification].
Sand grain texture - presence / density of upturned
plates is characteristic of wind blown sand. Sand grain texture - typical of
fluvial environment
5th Intensive Course on Soil Micromorphology - Naples 2001
Image Analysis - Lecture 1
1: Introduction to Analysis of Microfabric
A. Methods using normal Photographs (contd).
Subjective Ranking using a single parameter - e.g. orientation.
On a scale of 1 to 10 how orientated is sample?
0 - random
10 - completely orientated?
Image shows predominantly kaolin which has been sheared.
Degree of orientation affects mechanical properties
5th Intensive Course on Soil Micromorphology - Naples 2001
Image Analysis - Lecture 1
1: Introduction to Analysis of Microfabric
A. Methods using normal Photographs (contd).
Subjective Ranking using multiple parameters -e.g. shape/ size/roughness/ weathering etc.
Often done in tabular form with each attribute weighted on a scale of 1 to 5 or 1 to 10.
Must be careful to ensure there is no overlap of criteria - for eample when does roughness take over from shape?
5th Intensive Course on Soil Micromorphology - Naples 2001
Image Analysis - Lecture 1
1: Introduction to Analysis of Microfabric
A. Methods using normal Photographs (contd).
Manual/Subjective delineation of areas of similar texture, orientation, aggregation, particle composition etc.
Areas of similarly shaped particles or orientation may be manually delineated an areas evaluated.
Advantage if areas are computed by image analysis software.
5th Intensive Course on Soil Micromorphology - Naples 2001
Image Analysis - Lecture 1
1: Introduction to Analysis of Microfabric
B. Non-Digital Quantititative Microfabric Analysis
Stereophotogrammetric Methods
Can give accurate three dimensional orientation of features
Unconsolidated Kaolin kaolinite
5th Intensive Course on Soil Micromorphology - Naples 2001
Image Analysis - Lecture 1
1: Introduction to Analysis of Microfabric
Unconsolidated Kaolin - picture width = 6.2 m
5th Intensive Course on Soil Micromorphology - Naples 2001
Image Analysis - Lecture 1
1: Introduction to Analysis of Microfabric
Kaolinite - picture width = 6.2 m
5th Intensive Course on Soil Micromorphology - Naples 2001
Image Analysis - Lecture 1
1: Introduction to Analysis of Microfabric
B. Non-Digital Quantititative Microfabric Analysis
Optical MethodsOptical DiffractionConvolution Square
[of historic relevance as digital methods can now achieve same thing]
to be covered in later lecture
Upturned plates and diffraction pattern Consolidated clay -
diffraction pattern shows degree of orientation
5th Intensive Course on Soil Micromorphology - Naples 2001
Image Analysis - Lecture 1
1: Introduction to Analysis of Microfabric
B. Other Quantititative Microfabric Analysis Methods [covered briefly in course]
Confocal/ Three Dimensional Analysis
Confocal Microscopes: all sectioning is done directly and allow a build up of the three dimensional structure of fabric within the thickness of a thin section.
Automontage / Montage Explorer
Facilities like Auto-Montage and Montage Explorer can also achieve similar reconstruction as well as greatly improving resolution of the optical microscope by removing limitations from focus
[it is hoped that a short presentation of these will be possible]
5th Intensive Course on Soil Micromorphology - Naples 2001
Image Analysis - Lecture 1
1: Introduction to Analysis of Microfabric
C. Digital Image Analysis
Approaches
Manual / Interactive Methods
Semi / Fully Automatic Methods
Batch Processing
5th Intensive Course on Soil Micromorphology - Naples 2001
Image Analysis - Lecture 1
1: Introduction to Analysis of Microfabric
C. Digital Image Analysis
Techniques to be covered in course
•Thresholding / Segmentation
•Discrete Feature Analysis
•Binary Morophological Methods
•Grey Level Methods
•Intensity Gradient Methods / Morphological Segmentation
•Multi-spectral Methods
5th Intensive Course on Soil Micromorphology - Naples 2001
Image Analysis - Lecture 1
1: Introduction to Analysis of Microfabric
Point Counting