[6-1] analyzing spatial relationships - selection by location
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8/4/2019 [6-1] Analyzing Spatial Relationships - Selection by Location
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Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
Selection by Location
[6‐1]
[6- 1] Fall – 2 010 – G IS Dr. Mohammad N. Alm asri Sel ect ion by Location1
Dr. Mohammad N. Almasri
Select by Location
Previously, you selected features according to their attribute values
Now you will select features based on their location That is, according to their spatial relationship to other
features
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There are four types of spatial relationships that can be used: distance, containment, intersection, and adjacency
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Select by Location
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Distance Containment Intersection Adjacency
Select by Location
Completely Contain
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Select by Location
Completely Within
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Select by Location
Intersect
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Select by Location
ArcGIS defines 11 spatial relationships, each a variation on one of the four types:
Intersect
Are within a distance of
Completely contain
Are completely within
Have their center in Share a line se ment with
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Touch the boundary of
Are identical to
Are crossed by the outline of
Contain
Are contained by
Intersect
Intersect is the most generic
As its name implies, it will return any feature that geometrically
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shares a common part with the source (reference) feature (or features)
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Are within a distance of
The Are within a distance operator creates a buffer
(or buffers) with a size equal to the distance specified around the source feature (or features), then returns all
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the features that are intersecting the
buffer
(or buffers)
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Completely contain
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For a feature to be considered as completely containing another feature, each point in the geometry of the source feature (reference) must fall inside the geometry of the target (to be selected) feature, excluding its boundaries
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Are completely within
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For a feature to be considered as being completely within another feature, each point in the geometry of the target (to be selected) feature must fall within the geometry of the source feature excluding its boundaries. This is the reverse operator from Completely contain
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Are within
This method differs completely within method in that the geometry of the target (to be selected) feature must fall inside the
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geometry o t e source feature even if it touches it boundaries
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Have their center in A target feature will be
selected by this operator geometry falls into the geometry of the source
feature or on its boundaries
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You can also specify a distance
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Share a line segment with
With this method, the source and target considered as sharing a line segment if their geometries have at least two contiguous vertices in common
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The source and target features must be either lines or polygons
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Touch the boundary of
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Are identical to
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Two features are considered identical if their geometries are strictly equal
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Are crossed by the outline of
The boundaries of the source target (to be selected) features must have at least one edge, vertex, or endpoint in
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common.
The source and target features must be either lines or polygons
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Contain
A polygon representing the United States will contain the State of Texas even though its boundaries overlap along the
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southern border of the US
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Select by Location
Intersect
Select all the villages in the West Bank that are within areas that at an elevation of 400 to 500 m
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Select by Location
Are within a distance of
To select all the rainfall stations in Gaza Strip that are at a distance less than or equal to 200 meters
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regional road network
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Select by Location
Are within a distance of
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Select by Location
Are within a distance of
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Select by Location
Are Completely Within
To select all the groundwater monitoring wells that are located within Gaza City
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Select by Location
Are Completely Within
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Finding Features that Intersect Other Features
Find the municipalities that are at high risk of groundwater contamination
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Finding Features that Intersect Other Features
Highlight the risky areas
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Finding Features that Intersect Other Features
Select the governorates that intersects with the selected features in the vulnerability theme
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Select by Location
For example, there is containment (where the contained feature may touch the boundary of the containing feature and com lete containment where the boundaries may not touch)
To select features by location
You choose two layers and specify a spatial
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re at ons p
Features in the first layer are then spatially comparedto features in the second layer and the features will be selected if they satisfy the relationship
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Selection of Methods
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Selection Based on Intersecting
the Points
Base: points, lines, or polygons
Cyan features are selected in base
Comparison: points
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Red features represent comparison geometry
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Selection Based on Intersecting
the Lines
Base: points, lines, or polygons
Comparison: lines
Cyan features are selected in base
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Red features represent comparison geometry
Selection Based on Intersecting
the Polygons
Base: points, lines, or polygons
Comparison: polygons
Cyan features are selected in base
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Red features represent comparison geometry
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Within a Certain Distance of
the Points
Cyan features are selected in base
geometry
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Red features represent comparison geometry
Pick a Method
Find potential areas for a landfill site (polygons) that are
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Pick a Method
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Pick a Method
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Pick a Method
You would like to organize a tour to weather stations in
Yet you want only to visit stations that are not far from your office (so that you will not drive too far) and close to the main road (so that you will not walk)
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Pick a Method
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Pick a Method
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A Good Example to Work On
You will be selecting a potential location for constructing a groundwater pumping well in a specific governorate
A set of concurrent conditions should be fulfilled for determining the potential locations
A potential location should be at a distance of at least 3
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,
,
2 km at most from main roads, located in high recharge areas (>150 mm/year), and is not in agricultural areas
The governorate is Jenin Governorate
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