6. componential analysis - copy

8/12/2019 6. Componential Analysis - Copy

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? MAN can be used in 2 senses? B" notation and li#ited nb! of co#)!

? choice of co#)!"co#)letel+ arbitrar+#! is )ro;ided b+ OPPOSITION bet-een le0e#es

E0a#)les used in criticis#man"-o#an cow"bulldog"bitch duck"dra/e#ale co#)! is generic fe#ale co#)! is generic2nd )art of )airs(SEMANTICALLY MA5>E LEDEME(entering a s)here

other than conce)tual7 used less

TYPES O3 LIN4ISTIC MA5>ENESS

? FORMAL M!( suffi0 in the 2nd le0e#e is a for#al #ar/ ofo))osition6 #ar/edness is based on the )resenceBabsence of)articular ele#ent of for# #or)he#e,! L! -hose for#s containsuch an ele#ent are formally marked( host"hostess6 count"

countess6 lion"lioness? DISTRIBTIO!AL M!(for#all+ #ar/ed ele#ent has a #ore li#ited

distribution nu#ber of conte0ts in -hich it a))ears,6 lion"-iderdistribution! Acce)table( #ale lion7 fe#ale lion6 not acce)table(fe#ale lioness tautological,7 #ale lioness contradictor+,

"#S$MA!TI% M!( se#! #ar/ed le0e#e is the one -hich has a #ores)ecific #!lioness, bitchha;e a #ore s)ecific #! than lion, dog,

all se#! #ar/ed l! are at the sa#e ti#e distributionall+ #ar/ed

* fly, snail, fish( are the+ or for #ale.* /inshi) ter# anal+sis allo-s dis:unction and con:unction of

co#)onents(&rot'er(in(law( #ale7 s)ouse"of"sibling"of F sibling"of"s)ouse"of


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* C!A! started out as a theor+6 toda+"onl+ a #ethod! Theor+" )ro;ides adetailed and co#)lete ans-er to ho- sth! functions! Method"au0!#eans to get close to sth! -ith -hich -e su))ort a theor+

* 5egarded as an atte#)t to set the theor+ of s! fields on strongertheoretical and #ethodological foundations but do not )resu))oseeach other,

* L+ons(G%#A# lea)es une*plained at least as muc' as it e*plains G

3urther )ro)osals of C!A!

*+ottier$%&H,( B" notation7 but introduction of descri)ti;e co#)onents

not re)resented b+ onl+ one le0e#e,

* also belongs to traditional a))roaches but better than man-womananal+sis in $%'s( #ore detailed as it uses descri)ti;e co#)!

* no brea/through inno;ations because of re#aining rigidness! Sa#)son( Meaning will escape any cage you put it in JG B" notation

is a /ind of cage,

%oseriu" 2 t+)es of se#antic co#)onents(

? S$M$S(#ini#al distinguishing features of #! that function -ithin asingle se#antic le0ical, field! 3unction" structuring a field b+ #eansof ;arious o))osition bet-een chair, armchair, stool!!!,

? %LASS$M$S( #ore general co#)! Co##on to le0e#es belongingto ;arious le0ical fields ani#ateBinani#ate6 #aleBfe#ale,

* Se#es and classe#es distinction"roughl+ corres)onds to >at1 and3odor@s distinction of DISTI!,IS-$RSand MAR.$RS

* That )art of #! -hich is s+ste#atic is )resented b+ #ar/ers and therest b+ distinguishers


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* Classe#es %LASSIF/7 se#es D$S%RIB$

*$ugene !ida" a))ro0i#atel+ the sa#e a))roach as Pottier

* >ee)s )luses and #inuses7 Pottier@s descri)ti;e co#)onents7 but alsoadds nu#bers

C!A! and uni;ersalis#

*#ost e0tre#e for# of uni;ersalis# holds(

a, there is a set of s! co#)! -hich are uni;ersal le0icali1ed in alllanguages, substantial uni;ersals,

b, for#al )rinci)les b+ #eans of -hich co#)! are co#bined are uni;ersalfor#al uni;ersals,

c, #! of all le0e#es in a l! can be deco#)osed -ithout residuals into co#b!of se#! co#)!

Criticis# of C!A!

* -hat has been done u) to no- is inco#)lete and uncon;incing* anal+ses are li#ited to a s#all )ortion of ;ocabular+ and carried out in

a relati;el+ s#all nu#ber of l!

* in anal+sis of /inshi) ter#inolog+ a nu#ber of different7 eKuall+)lausible ans-ers -ere gi;en! 8hich is the correct one.

* also at Kuestion" uni;ersalit+ and )s+chological realit+ of se#anticco#)onents

Le0e#e #eaning in cogniti;e se#antics

* $%s" rigorous a))roaches )ut aside7 return to #entalis#6funda#ental notions( mental picture< concept


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* the -a+ -e thin/ and our #ental i#ages are not arbitrar+6 share si#ilar#! i#ages"through disco;eries in )s+cholog+ < neuroscience

LAOF

* LABO0( linguistics is a science in;estigating categories6 -ord #! canbe anal+1ed onl+ e#)iricall+ e0)eri#ents, b+ anal+1ing infor#ants@ans-ers to a series of dra-ings de)icting ;arious cu)s7 #ugs andsi#ilar containers"Kuantitati;e #easurable, a))roach to #!

* ut( a;erage s)ea/er of E! -ouldn@t define or understand such adefinition6 too #athe#atical and so)histicated

* 8hat is #issing( cause 1 effectrelations'ip &etween l# form anduse,

8IE5IC>ALe0icogra)h+ and Conce)tual Anal+sisG,

* critici1es Labo;"a))licable onl+ to a s#all )ortion of ;ocabular+* gi;es definitions to describe #ost full+ the conce)t of #ental i#age7not

for dictionaries

* long definitions6 e*'austi)e descri)ti;e co#)onents* #a:or co#)onents on the right < e0hausti;e co#)onents on the left* prototypical cu)s and #ugs

* )rotot+)ical cu)s( ha;e saucers for stabilit+7 eas+ to s)ill liKuid7 #ade offine )orcelan7 elegant7 to drin/ -ith fa#il+7 friends7 etc!

* )rotot+)ical #ugs( no saucers7 #ore stable7 bigger7 -ith flat botto#7eas+ to carr+ around7usuall+ to drin/ out of indi;iduall+


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* ha;e a different social function* #eaning"not anal+1ed onl+ b+ describing -hat -e see7 but also b+

in;estigating conce)t structures and cultural bac/ground

* best a))roach( not b+ using inter;ie-s or lab e0)eri#ents but throughmet'odological introspection and t'inking

* e0)ands Labo;@s definitions of cu)s and #ugs b+ adding todescri)tions of ;isual nature their social and cultural function" identifiedbest b+ #eans of comparison

* a))roach si#ilartoFillmore@sS%$!$S and FRAM$S( both include.!O2L$D,$ OF A %LTR$

6. componential analysis - copy

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