6 psychological tricks that make learning stick power point

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Sebastian Bailey, PhD President, Mind Gym Inc. @DrSebBailey #Mindgym Six psychological tricks that make learning stick

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Page 1: 6 psychological tricks that make learning stick   power point

Sebastian Bailey, PhD President, Mind Gym Inc. @DrSebBailey #Mindgym

Six psychological tricks that make learning stick

Page 2: 6 psychological tricks that make learning stick   power point

© Mind Gym

How do you increase

the quit rate of

smokers?

01

2

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© Mind Gym

Old habit, new habit

3

01

Source: Prochaska, J. et al. (2001) A Transtheoretical

Approach To Changing Organizations. Administration and

Policy in Mental Health, 28 (4), 247-261

Persisting Contemplating Preparing Acting Maintaining

“I enjoy

smoking.”

“Maybe I

should

give up.”

“I’m definitely

going to

quit, and I

know how.”

“I’ve quit,

it’s hard, but

I’ve quit.”

“I’ve not

smoked for

more than

6 months.”

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© Mind Gym

Decision in the balance

4

Pros

Cons

Source: Prochaska, J. O., Norcross, J. C., & DiClemente, C. C.

(1995). Changing for good. New York: Avon Books.

01

60

T S

core

s

PE C P A M

Quitting smoking

50

40

52

51

45

52

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© Mind Gym

Decision in the balance

5

60

50

40

T S

core

s

PE C P A M

Quitting Smoking

60

50

40

T S

core

s

PE C P A M

Using sunscreen

60

50

40

T S

core

s

PE C P A M

Weight control

60

50

40

T S

core

s

PE C P A M

Exercising

Pros

Cons

Source: Prochaska, J. O., Norcross, J. C., & DiClemente, C. C.

(1995). Changing for good. New York: Avon Books.

01

At the Acting stage

the pros outweigh

the cons

At the Persisting

stage, the cons

outweigh the pros

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© Mind Gym

How to apply this trick

6

Think habit change as much as learning and recognize the stages of change

Don’t rush people from persisting to acting and expect much change

Encouraging belief in the value of change is as important as building the capability for change

01

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02 How do you get a

group of know-it-all

MBA graduates to

do as they’re told?

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Page 9: 6 psychological tricks that make learning stick   power point

© Mind Gym

Harnessing positive stress

9

Strong

Weak

Perf

orm

ance

Low High Arousal

02

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© Mind Gym

Have you had your shots?

10

02

Recommend

only

Recommend

only

13

0

Fear

Importance of shots

Fear

Intention to get shots

Source: Leventhal, H., Singer, R., & Jones, S. (1965). Effects of

fear and specificity of recommendation upon attitudes and

behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2(1),

20.

11.9 11.3

8.7

7.0

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© Mind Gym

Control or

Fear alone

Have you had your shots?

11

3.3%

33%

Fear &

Explicit steps

% o

f p

eo

ple

se

ekin

g v

accin

atio

ns

02

Source: Leventhal et al. (1965)

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How to apply this trick

Schedule learning just before or after a challenging experience

Sell the need – and the personal consequence of not developing

Make the call to action, and the steps to solve the problem, clear and explicit

02

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03 How do you get

people to donate

more money to a

charity?

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© Mind Gym

Save the children

14

$1.43 $2.38

03

Source: Small, A. et al. (2007). Sympathy and Callousness: The Impact

of Deliberative Thought on Donations to Identifiable and Statistical

Victims. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes.

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© Mind Gym

Stats vs. Stories 03

5 in 100 remembered a statistic 63 in 100 remembered a story

15

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© Mind Gym

7

6

5

4

3

Me

an

“a

ccu

racy”

ratin

g

Why rhyme is sublime 03

Source: McGlone, M. S., & Tofighbakhsh, J. (2000). Birds of a

feather flock conjointly (?): Rhyme as reason in

aphorisms. Psychological Science, 11(5), 424-428.

Original (rhyme) Modified

Woes unite foes e.g. Woes unite enemies

16

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How to apply this trick

Don’t just tell, use stories that sell

Stats and number will cause slumber

While rhyme and emotion will win devotion

03

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04 How do you get job

seekers to improve

their resume?

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© Mind Gym

Where and when matters

Group 1

Group 2 Think in advance about

where, when and how they

were going to get started

with the task of improving

their resume

(implementation intention)

Were asked to commit to

completing it (goal intention)

Results:

80% of participants who

considered where, when

and how they would update

their resume did so

20% of participants who

committed to updating their

resume did so

Only

04

19 Source: Oettingen, Gabriele, Gaby Hönig, and Peter M. Gollwitzer.

"Effective self-regulation of goal attainment." International Journal of

Educational Research33.7 (2000): 705-732.

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© Mind Gym

Where and when matters

Group 1

Group 2

The intention to perform a

certain action at a given time

and place

e.g. I will do as many math puzzles

as possible each Wednesday at 9am

Adding an "if-then" plan (" ... and

if situation x arises, I will perform

behavior y") to goal intentions

e.g. If it is Wednesday at 9am,

I will do as many math puzzles

as possible.

8 hrs

Participants deviated from

their desired time by an

average of:

1½ hrs

Participants deviated from

their desired time by an

average of:

04

Results:

20 Source: Oettingen, Gabriele, Gaby Hönig, and Peter M. Gollwitzer.

"Effective self-regulation of goal attainment." International Journal of

Educational Research33.7 (2000): 705-732.

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© Mind Gym

And create social support

21

03

But don’t kid yourself

that sharing the goal

is progress

This creates a feeling

of accountability

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How to apply this trick

Use implementation intentions to drive transfer

Use if… then… statements

Get people to tell others about their commitment

04

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05 How do you get

drivers to notice

bicyclists?

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Test your awareness

24

05

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Getting to the ‘right’ solution

No hint

100%

0%

% s

ug

ge

sting

th

e ‘rig

ht’

so

lutio

n

Hint

05

20%

Failure in

opportunity

recognition

Source: Gick & Holyoak (1980)

92%

25

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How to apply this trick

Use cues and prompts in the real world to focus attention

Set specific ‘missions’ built into the workflow

Develop the participants’ mindfulness as part of the experience

05

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06 What makes a

psychology professor

behave like a soccer

hooligan?

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© Mind Gym

Primed behavior

29

06

Professors Assistants No prime

Source: Dijksterhuis and van Knippenberg (1998), Journal of

Personality and Social Phycology, Vol. 74, No. 4, 865-877

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© Mind Gym

Priming in practice

30

Now listen to this:

Did you understand anything? ‘It's fun to smoke marijuana.

It's fun to smoke marijuana.

It's fun to smoke marijuana.

It's fun to smoke marijuana.’

Listen to this clip:

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How to apply this trick

Use priming to increase the participants’ view of themselves as great learners

Develop tools to support participants in their problem solving

Prompt participants to adopt the right ‘thinking frame’ for the problem at hand

06

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© Mind Gym

Six tricks that make learning stick

Build belief in the early stages of change

Create emotional arousal

Use stories over facts

Use written, shared, implementation intentions

Set specific ‘missions’ built into the workflow

Prime the right mindset by providing tools

32

01

02

03

04

05

06

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Toolkit for coach (ideally

manager) increases social

support and accountability.

Instructor led session with

a strong focus on solving a

real world problem. Shares

general principles

(supporting far transfer) and

allows for practice.

Why the bite size methodology makes

learning stick

33

Engagement campaign

that creates interest, anxiety

and perceived relevance.

Diagnostic that increases

perceived value to

the individual. Creates

optimal arousal.

Distributed practice (i.e. distributing

experiences) increases performance

by 17%.

Mission: Application task

built into the participants

workflow. Solves issues of

opportunity recognition and

time to apply.

Pledge: Very specific focus on

transfer, using relapse prevention

techniques, like implementation

intentions, and social pressure.

Booster: After-action review,

where participants share

stories of success, failure

and learning from transfer

attempts. Increases feeling

of accountability and

resilience.

Participant toolkit acts as

‘scaffolding’ for the learning.

It primes the right mindset

and prompts transfer.

Toolkit

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1 million Participants

1,200 Companies

250 Coaches

30 Languages

40 Countries

2013 Learning Company

of the Year

New York

London

Dubai

Singapore

Sebastian Bailey, PhD President, Mind Gym Inc. @DrSebBailey #Mindgym