6-solid waste mgt

7/28/2019 6-Solid Waste Mgt

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IMPACT OF SOLID WASTE ON

HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT


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INTRODUCTION

The purpose- to increase awareness on thepotential of solid waste (hazardous, non hazardousand mixed waste) disposal on human health and theenvironment.

Characteristics of waste and types of solid waste

Causal of increase in solid waste

Waste treatment and disposal

Health and environment impacts of solid wastesbased on reports from studies

Preventive measures


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Learning outcomes

Increase knowledge in characteristics,treatment and disposal of solid waste

Identify points of contact and sources of

exposure to solid waste Understand the impact of solid waste on

health and environment

Knowledge on preventive measures inreducing volume of wastes and wastemanagement.


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What is solid waste

Solid waste is defined as any garbage, refuse,

sludge from waste treatment plant, water

supply treatment plant, or air pollution

control facility and other materials, including

solid, liquid, semisolid, contained gaseous

resulting from industrials, commercials,

mining and agricultural operations fromcommunity activities .
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Characteristics of wastes

Corrosive: these are wastes that include acids orbases that are capable of corroding metal containers,e.g. tanks

Ignitability: this is waste that can create fires undercertain condition, e.g. waste oils and solvents

Reactive: these are unstable in nature, they causeexplosions, toxic fumes when heated.

Toxicity: waste which are harmful or fatal wheningested or absorb.


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Types of waste

Non Hazardous waste: refuse, garbage, sludge,

municipal trash.

Hazardous waste: solvents acid, heavy metals,

pesticides, and chemical sludges

Radioactive: high and low-level radioactive

waste

Mixed waste: Radioactive organic liquids,

radio active heavy metals.


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Waste treatment and disposal

Waste treatment

Incineration

Solidification

Heat treatment:

Chemical treatment

Waste disposal

Landfills

Underground injection wells

Waste piles

land treatment

In less developed countries

flowing rivers


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Waste treatments

Incineration: burning

Solidification: solid waste are melted orevaporated to produce a sand like residue.

Heat treatment: Heat applied at moderatetemperature, is used in treating volatilesolvents.

Chemical treatment: is the application ofchemical treatment in the treatment ofcorrosive solid.


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Waste Disposal

Landfills: waste is placed into or onto the landin disposal facilities.

Underground injection wells: waste areinjected under pressure into a steel andconcrete-encased shafts placed deep in theearth.

Waste piles: is accumulations of insoluble

solid, non flowing hazard waste. Piles servesas temporary or final disposal.


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Waste Disposal

land treatment: is a process in which solid

waste, such as sludge from wastes is applied

onto or incorporated into the soil surface.

Waste are disposed in flowing rivers in less

developed countries.


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Landfill site and Incineration site
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Causal of increase in solid waste

Population growth

Increase in industrials manufacturing

Urbanization

Modernization

Modernization, technological advancement and increase in global

population created rising in demand for food and other essentials. This has

resulted to rise in the amount of waste being generated daily by each

household.

Asia alone generates 4.4 billion tonnes of solid wastes and

MSW comprise 790 million tones (MT) of which about 48 (6%)

MT are generated in India, By the year 2047, MSW generationin India, is expected to reach 300 MT

158 million tons of municipal solid waste is produced

annually in U.S


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Groups at risks due to solid waste

The groups at risk from the unscientific waste

disposal include:

Populations in areas where there is no proper

waste treatment method.

children

Waste workers

Populations living close to waste dump

Animals


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SOURCES OF HUMAN EXPOSURES

Exposures occurs through

Ingestion of contaminated water or food

Contact with disease vectors Inhalation

Dermal


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Points of contact

Soil adsorption, storage and biodegrading Plant uptake

Ventilation

Runoff

Leaching

Insects, birds, rats, flies and animals

Direct dumping of untreated waste in seas, rivers

and lakes results in the plants and animals thatfeed on it


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Impacts of solid waste on health

Nausea and vomiting

Increase in hospitalization of diabetic

residents living near hazard waste sites.

Mercury toxicity from eating fish with high

levels of mercury.


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Effects of Solid Waste on Animals and

Aquatics life

Increase in mercury level in fish due to

disposal of mercury in the rivers.

Plastic found in oceans ingested by birds

Resulted in high algal population in rivers and

sea.

Degrades water and soil quality


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Impacts of solid waste on

Environment.

Waste breaks down in landfills to form

methane, a potent greenhouse gas

Change in climate and destruction of ozone

layer due to waste biodegradable

Littering, due to waste pollutions, illegal

dumping, Leaching: is a process by which solid

waste enter soil and ground water and

contaminating them.


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PREVENTIVE MEASURES

Proper management of solid waste

Involving public in plans for waste treatmentand disposal

Provide the public accurate, usefulinformation about the whole projects,including the risks and maintain formal

communication with public Educate people on different ways of handling

waste.


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PREVENTIVE MEASURES

Waste Minimization is a process of reducing waste

produce by individuals, communities and companies,

which reduces the impact of chemical wastes on the

environment to the greatest extent.Household level of proper segregation of waste,

recycling and reuse.

Process and product substitution e.g. use paper bag

instead of plastic bags.


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6-solid waste mgt

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