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Power System StabilityControls

Bonneville Power Administration

Transmission Planning, Technology Innovation

July 2007

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BPA Team

Transmission Planning

Transmission Operations

Engineering and Design Remedial ActionSchemes

Technology Innovation Office

Consultants to be identified

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Power System Controls

Voltage Stability Controls

Transient Stability Controls

Oscillation Damping Controls

Power Flow Controls

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Controllability Can we take control actions to affect the

dynamic behavior of interest ?

Do we have:

appropriate devices

located in right places in the grid and

adequately sized ?

What investments can be made to achieve a

required level of controllability ?

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Observability Can wide-area measurements greatly improve

the quality of control decisions ?

What signals to measure and where to placecontrol RTUs?

Do these locations have high-speed datacommunications ?

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Practical Control Considerations Critical requirement for wide-area controls:

Availability of dedicated high-speed datacommunications (e.g. redundant fiber-optic)

Control-grade RTUsare available

Existing Phasor Measurement Unit infrastructure is not control-grade

The control deployment is likely to be incremental

Control algorithm must be simple and robust

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Voltage Stability Controls

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Voltage Stability Controls

Primary Voltage Control:

Fast response to voltage disturbances Includes generator Automatic Voltage Regulators, fast reactive insertion,

Static Var Compensators, etc

Secondary Voltage Control:

Slower control loop managing reactive resources (shunts, generators,LTCs) to optimize voltage profile and to ensure adequate reactivereserves.

Emergency Controls:

Load shedding, line opening, etc.

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Voltage Stability Controls

Controllability is good.

BPA has a large number of reactive compensators installedon the system.

BPA has a secondary voltage control implemented through

AGC

Need to identify opportunities of better controllingalready available reactive resources in response tovoltage stability risks

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Voltage Stability Controls

Primary: response-based controls for fast reactive switching:

Fast reactive switching of 500-kV shunt capacitor banks in Portland /Salem area

Coordination of fast reactive switching in Southern Oregon / NorthernCalifornia

Secondary: Reactive power management

Management of reactive resources (shunts, generators) and ULTCs toensure adequate reactive reserves

Emergency: Load Shedding schemes

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Voltage Stability Controls

Study the benefits of the proposed control actions

Set control performance requirements

Develop control algorithm:

Study various control approaches: local, centralized, coordinated,

hierarchical, etc. Determine input signals for controls.

Develop control logic

Develop control models for power system studies

Develop control implementation plan, develop design requirementsfor a control system, prepare PRD

Design, implement, test, validate, certify, maintain controls

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Oscillation Damping Controls

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Oscillation Damping Solutions

Operational

Observe, analyze, take actions

Planning

Improved modeling

Design damping controllers

Performance requirements

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Oscillation Damping Controls

Phase I: Controllability assessment:

Generator excitation controls

Generator prime mover controls

Energy storage

Wind Farms

High-Voltage DC system

Power flow controls UPFC, TCSC, etc

Shunt reactive compensation SVC, STATCOM, etc

Load controls

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Oscillation Damping Controls

Phase II: Observabilityassessment:

Local measurements

Wide-area measurements, optimal locations

Phase III: Control Algorithm design and prototyping

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Power Flow Controls

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O O S O

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Power Flow Controls

Controllability is very low.

PDCI is capable of fast direct control of power

Phase-shifters are used in other parts of the system forpower flow control

Research opportunities for direct control of power flow

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Summary for FY 2008

Voltage Stability Controls

Specific projects identified for primary voltage controls

Focus is on controls for fast reactive switching

Develop control and communications PRD for capital fundingrequest in FY 2009

Oscillation Damping Controls

Phase I: evaluate controllability of North South inter-areaoscillations