6058.engineering geology lecture
TRANSCRIPT
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ENGINEERING GEOLOGY OVERVIEW
Jyotirmayee DashChitkara University
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GEOLOGY : Derived from Greek Word “GE” meaning earth and “LOGOS” means Science
GEOLOGY : SCOPE & IMPORTANCE
GEOLOGY : Is scientific Study of Earth
GEOLOGY : Concerns with
•Study of Earth’s constitution
•Structure
•History of Development
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GEOLOGICAL BRANCHES
ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
STEPS
GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES
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•Economic geology
1-Mining geology
2-Petroleum geology
•Engineering geology
•Geochemistry
•Geomorphology
•Physical Geology
•Geotectonics
Branches of Geology
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•Geophysics
•Hydrogeology
•Mineralogy
•Paleontology
•Petrology
•Stratigraphy
•Structural geology
•Crystallography
Branches of Geology
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It Deals with Study of Mineral Deposits, their mode of formation, Occurrence and Distribution
Economic Geology
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It Deals with Application of Geological Knowledge in the Field of Engineering.
Engineering Geology
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It Deals with chemical constitution of Earth, the distribution and migration of various elements in the various parts of the Earth.
Geochemistry
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It Deals with study of Land Forms
Geomorphology
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It Deals with endogenous and exogenous agencies and the processes that bring about changes on the earth’s surface.
Physical Geology
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It Deals with movements of the Earth’s crust and the deformations caused by them.
Geotectonics
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It Deals with application of Physics which includes geodesy, seismology, meteorology, Oceanography and terrestrial magnetism.
Geophysics
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It Deals with hydrological properties of Rocks and the occurrences of ground water, its movement and action.
Hydrogeology
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It Deals with Minerals, their composition , characteristics mode of occurrences and their origin.
Mineralogy
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It Deals with Fossils, Plants and Animals that are found in the rocks of past geological periods. They Indicate the climate , age and environment of deposition of the rock unit in which they are found.
Palaeontology
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It Deals with Origin, structure, Texture and mineralogical composition of the different type of rocks.
Petrology
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It Deals with Strata of sedimentary Rocks, their succession, thickness, age, variations and correlation.
Stratigraphy
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It Deals with Configuration of Rocks in the Earth’s crust produced due to number of factors, generated both Exogenously and Endogenously
Structural Geology
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It Deals with External Forms and Internal Atomic structure of the Crystalline minerals.
Crystallography
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•Engineering geology is the application of geological data, techniques and principles to the study of rock and soil surficial materials, and ground water.
•This is essential for the proper location, planning, design, construction, operation and maintenance of engineering structures.
•Engineering geology complements environmental geology, or hydrogeology.
What is Engineering Geology?
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Rock, soil, water, the interaction among these three constituents, as well as with engineering materials and structures.
What is Engineering Geology Study ?
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•Geology provides a systematic knowledge of construction materials, its occurrence composition durability and other properties. Examples of such construction materials are building stones, road materials clays, limestones and laterites.
• The knowledge of the geological work of the natural agencies such as water, wind, ice and earthquake helps in planning and carrying out major civil engineering works , for example the knowledge of erosion, transportation and deposition helps greatly in solving the expensive problems of river control, coastal and harbour work and soil conservation.
Importance of Geology in Civil Engineering
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•Ground water is the water which occurs in the subsurface rocks. The knowledge of its quantity and depth of occurrence is required in connection with water supply, irrigation, excavation and many other civil engineering works.
•The foundation problems of dams , bridges and buildings directly concerned with the geology of the area where they are to be built. In these works drilling is commonly undertaken to explore the ground conditions. Geology helps greatly in interpreting the drilling data.
Importance of Geology in Civil Engineering
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•The stability of civil engineering structures is considerably increased if the geological features like faults, joints, bedding planes, folding , solution channels etc in the rock bed are properly located and suitably treated.
•Before starting a major engineering project, a detailed geological report which is accompanied by geological maps and sections is prepared. Such a report helps in planning and constructing a project.
Importance of Geology in Civil Engineering
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The Engineering Geology was established in US after the St. Francis Dam near Los Angeles, CA failed on March 12, 1928. Engineering community realized the importance of Geology factor in civil engineering.
Before failure
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•GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES.
Importance of Geology in Civil Engineering
.ROCK CYCLE
•WEATHERING
•COMPACTION
•LITHIFICATION
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ROCK CYCLE
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Diagenesis
Lithification
Recrystallization
Cementation
by silica or calcite
Compaction
Deposition
(Sediment is laid down)
Transportation
by
Water,ice, or wind
Weathering and Erosion of pre-existing rocks and minerals
Weathering, Sediment, and Sedimentary RocksWeathering, Sediment, and Sedimentary Rocks
•. 1.Weathering and ErosionWeathering and Erosion-from pre-existing rocks•2. TransportationTransportation- movement from one place to another (by wind, water, or ice)material is then deposited.•3. CompactionCompaction -- due to pressure; fine-grained sediments undergo more compaction than coarse sediments •4. CementationCementation -- precipitation of minerals around sediments (commonly quartz or calcite are precipitated) •5. RecrystallizationRecrystallization -- due to pressure, temperature changes •6. LithificationLithification -- squeezing out of fluid to make final solid rock
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COMPACTION
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LITHIFICATIONLITHIFICATION
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Any rock fragment(size is > 4 mm=Pebble)
Fine-gravel/Granule(size <4mm)
Matrix: is the finer grains or material that surrounds the larger clasts. It consist of either clay, silt and sand.
Cement: dissolved substance that bounds the sediments.
1. Calcareous2. siliceous
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SummarySummaryDifferent branches of geologyDifferent branches of geology
Importance of geology in civil engineeringImportance of geology in civil engineering
Some geological processesSome geological processes