6.1 organizing the elements section 6-1 - rdibler.netrdibler.net/chemistry/notes -1/chapter 6/chem...
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6.1 Organizing the Elements
Section 6-1
• In a self-service store, the products are grouped according to similar characteristics. With a logical classification system, finding and comparing products is easy. You will learn how elements are arranged in the periodic table and what that arrangement reveals about the elements.
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• Searching For an Organizing Principle
– How did chemists begin to organize the known elements?
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– Chemists used the properties of elements to sort them into groups.
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– Chlorine, bromine, and iodine
• have very similar chemical properties
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• Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
– How did Mendeleev organize his periodic table?
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– Mendeleev arranged the elements in his periodic table in order of increasing atomic mass.
– The periodic table can be used to predict the properties of undiscovered elements.
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• An Early Version of Mendeleev’s Periodic Table 6.1
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• The Periodic Law
– How is the modern periodic table organized?
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• In the modern periodic table, elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number.
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• periodic law: – When elements are arranged in order of
increasing atomic number
– there is a periodic repetition of their physical and chemical properties.
– The properties of the elements within a period change as you move across a period from left to right.
– The pattern of properties within a period repeats as you move from one period to the next.
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– What are three broad classes of elements?
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– Three classes of elements are:
• metals
• Nonmetals
• metalloids.
– Across a period, the properties of elements become:
• less metallic
• more nonmetallic.
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less metallic
more nonmetallic
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» Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals in the Periodic Table
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» Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals in the Periodic Table
6.1
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6.1
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• Metals
– Metals
• good conductors of heat and electric current.
• 80% of elements are metals.
• Metals:
– Have high luster
– are ductile
– are malleable
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6.1
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» Uses of Iron, Copper, and Aluminum
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» Uses of Iron, Copper, and Aluminum
6.1
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• Nonmetals – are poor conductors of heat and electric current.
– Most nonmetals are gases at room temperature.
– A few nonmetals are solids • Sulfur
• phosphorus.
– One nonmetal is a dark-red liquid • bromine
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• Metalloid
– generally has properties that are similar to those of metals and nonmetals.
– The behavior of a metalloid can be controlled by changing conditions.
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• If a small amount of boron is mixed with silicon – the mixture is a good conductor of electric current.
– silicon can be cut into wafers
– and used to make computer chips.
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Quiz
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1. The modern periodic table has elements arranged in order of
A. colors.
B. melting and boiling points.
C. increasing atomic mass.
D. increasing atomic number.
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2. Mendeleev arranged the elements in his periodic table in order of increasing
A. atomic number.
B. number of protons.
C. number of electrons.
D. atomic mass
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3. Which one of the following is NOT a general property of metals?
A. ductility
B. malleability
C. having a high luster
D. poor conductor of heat and electricity
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