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School of Arts & Humanities Department of Philosophy 1 6AANA042 Topics in Greek Philosophy Syllabus – Academic year 2015/16 Basic information Credits: 15 Module Tutor: Dr Joachim Aufderheide Office: Room 706 Consultation time: Wed 12-1; Thur 1-2 Semester:2 Lecture time and venue*: Fridays 1-3, K0.16 *Please note that tutorial times and venues will be organised independently with your teaching tutor Module description (plus aims and objectives) Assessment methods and deadlines Everybody knows that pleasure is important. But important in what way? Some think that pleasure is the only thing that is good; others think that pleasure is tempting us away from what is really good. To decide between hedonism (the thesis that pleasure is the good) and anti-hedonism (all pleasure is bad) or to find a middle way requires answering two questions, one about the value of pleasure and one about the moral psychology of pleasure. Starting with Plato’s treatment of pleasure in the Republic, we explore how Plato seeks to answer the two questions by starting further back: what is pleasure? He thinks that the nature of pleasure determines our answers to the question about the value and the psychology of pleasure. In a later dialogue, the Philebus, Plato tackles the question of hedonism anew — not embedded in a political discussion, but in a question about the goodness of individual lives. Is the picture Plato presents in the Philebus essentially the same as that of the Republic? Is Plato more anti-hedonist, or less so? Does the difference, if there is one, depend on a different view of the nature of pleasure? In the second part of the course, we will study Aristotle’s conception, or rather conceptions, of pleasure as found mainly in his ethical writings (Nicomachean and Eudemian Ethics). In both texts, Aristotle strongly opposes the theories of pleasure Plato floats in the Republic and particularly in the Philebus (which he presents as anti-hedonists). Does Aristotle come out as a hedonist? And what is Aristotle’s view on the nature of pleasure? Formative assessment: 2 essays, each of 2000 words length Summative assessment: 2 essays, each of 2000 - 2500 words length Deadline 12:00 (NOON) on Thursday 19 May 2016

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School of Arts & Humanities Department of Philosophy

1

6AANA042 Topics in Greek Philosophy Syllabus – Academic year 2015/16 Basic information

Credits:15ModuleTutor:DrJoachimAufderheideOffice:Room706Consultationtime:Wed12-1;Thur1-2Semester:2Lecturetimeandvenue*:Fridays1-3,K0.16

*PleasenotethattutorialtimesandvenueswillbeorganisedindependentlywithyourteachingtutorModule description (plus aims and objectives)

Assessment methods and deadlines

Everybodyknowsthatpleasureisimportant.Butimportantinwhatway?Somethinkthatpleasureistheonlythingthatisgood;othersthinkthatpleasureistemptingusawayfromwhatisreallygood.Todecidebetweenhedonism(thethesisthatpleasureisthegood)andanti-hedonism(allpleasureisbad)ortofindamiddlewayrequiresansweringtwoquestions,oneaboutthevalueofpleasureandoneaboutthemoralpsychologyofpleasure.

StartingwithPlato’streatmentofpleasureintheRepublic,weexplorehowPlatoseekstoanswerthetwoquestionsbystartingfurtherback:whatispleasure?Hethinksthatthenatureofpleasuredeterminesouranswerstothequestionaboutthevalueandthepsychologyofpleasure.Inalaterdialogue,thePhilebus,Platotacklesthequestionofhedonismanew—notembeddedinapoliticaldiscussion,butinaquestionaboutthegoodnessofindividuallives.IsthepicturePlatopresentsinthePhilebusessentiallythesameasthatoftheRepublic?IsPlatomoreanti-hedonist,orlessso?Doesthedifference,ifthereisone,dependonadifferentviewofthenatureofpleasure?

Inthesecondpartofthecourse,wewillstudyAristotle’sconception,orratherconceptions,ofpleasureasfoundmainlyinhisethicalwritings(NicomacheanandEudemianEthics).Inbothtexts,AristotlestronglyopposesthetheoriesofpleasurePlatofloatsintheRepublicandparticularlyinthePhilebus(whichhepresentsasanti-hedonists).DoesAristotlecomeoutasahedonist?AndwhatisAristotle’sviewonthenatureofpleasure?

• Formativeassessment:2essays,eachof2000wordslength

• Summativeassessment:2essays,eachof2000-2500wordslength

• Deadline12:00(NOON)onThursday19May2016

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Outline of lecture topics (plus suggested readings)

Week1:Background:thegoodlifeinPlato’sRepublic

-thechallengetojusticeinRepI-II-sketchoftheargumentoftheRepublic(asrelevantforpleasure) -tripartitesoul(BkIV) -philosophersvsnon-philosophers(endofBkVthroughtoendofBkVII) -thepsychologyofthephilosophervsthatofthetyrant(BksVIII-IX)Primaryreading(P):Plato,Republic327a-368c,focuson357ff.Secondaryreading(S):Feldman,PleasureandtheGoodLife:ConcerningtheNature,VarietiesandPlausibilityof

Hedonism,chs1-2.Furtherreading(F):TBA

Week2:PlatoRepublicIX:secondproofformaximumpleasure:580d-583a -whatarepleasures? -whyaretherekindsofpleasures? -PlatovsMillP:Plato,Republic580d-583a;Mill,UtilitarianismII.1-6S:Taylor,Pleasure,Mind,andSoul:SelectedPapersinAncientPhilosophy.;Annas,AnIntroductiontoPlato's

Republic,305-10.F:Erginel,"PleasuresinRepublicIX,"94-137.

Week3:PlatoRepublicIX:Olympianproof:583b-588a -natureofpleasure(filling:process,state,activity) -valueofpleasure(beingandtruthofpleasures)P:Plato,Republic583b-588aS:Erginel,"InconsistencyandAmbiguityinRepublicIX.";Warren,"SocratesandthePatients:RepublicIX,583c-

585a.";Warren,"PlatoonthePleasuresandPainsofKnowing."F:Wolfsdorf,"PleasureandTruthinRepublic9.";Erginel,"PlatoonaMistakeAboutPleasure."

Week4:PlatoPhilebus:restorationtheory(natureofpleasure) -thepossibilityofhedonism -kineticpleasuresandrepresentationP:Philebus11a-14b,20b-23b,31b-55cS:Harte,"TheLifeofProtarchus'Choosing.";Evans,"PlatoandtheMeaningofPain.";Frede,Plato'sPhilebus,

TranslatedwithIntroductionandNotes,introduction.F:Frede,"DisintegrationandRestoration:PleasureandPaininPlato’sPhilebus.";Cooper,"PlatoandAristotleon

'finality'and'(self-)sufficiency.";Evans,"Plato'sRejectionofThoughtlessandPleasurelessLives.";Feldman,PleasureandtheGoodLife:ConcerningtheNature,VarietiesandPlausibilityofHedonism,ch4.

Week5:PlatoPhilebus:purepleasuresandknowledge(valueofpleasure) -pleasureasgenesis -pleasureandcontentP:Philebus53c-55c;55c-67bS:Carpenter,"PleasureAsGenesisinPlato'sPhilebus.";Aufderheide,"AnInconsistencyinthePhilebus?"F:Evans,"Plato'sAnti-Hedonism.";Harte,"CommentaryonEvans:Plato'sAnti-Hedonism.";

READINGWEEK--Firstessaydue:16:00onFriday26February2016

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Week6:Aristotle:ENVII.11-12 -againstpleasureasprocess:pleasureasactivityPrimaryreading(P):NicomacheanEthics1152b1-1153b35Secondaryreading(S):Frede,"NicomacheanEthicsVII.11-12:Pleasure.";Aufderheide,"ProcessesAsPleasuresin

ENVii11-14-aNewApproach."Furtherreading(F):Broadie,EthicswithAristotle,313-31.

Week7:Aristotle:ENVII.13-14 -Aristotle’s“hedonism”andthelimitsofpleasureP:NicomacheanEthics1153b1-1154b34S:Rapp,"PleasureandEudaimonia.";Aubry,"NicomacheanEthicsVII.14:ThePainoftheLivingandDivine

Pleasure."F:TBA

Week8:Aristotle:ENX.1-3 -endoxa:thevalueofpleasure -Eudoxus’hedonismP:NicomacheanEthics1172a19-1174a12S:Warren,"AristotleonSpeusippusonEudoxusonPleasure.";TBAF:Broadie,EthicswithAristotle,331-53.

Week9:Aristotle:ENX.4-5 -thenatureandvalueofpleasurereconsidered -pleasureandactivityP:NicomacheanEthics1174a13-176a29S:Bostock,"PleasureandActivityinAristotle'sEthics.";Shields,"PerfectingPleasures:TheMetaphysicsofPleasure

inNicomacheanEthicsX.";Strohl,"PleasureAsPerfection:NicomacheanEthics10.4-5."F:Gonzalez,"AristotleonPleasureandPerfection.";Broadie,EthicswithAristotle,353-63.;Heinaman,"PleasureAs

AnActivityintheNicomacheanEthics."

Week10:Comparisons:PlatovsENVII.11-14vsENX.1-5 -thenatureofpleasure -thevalueofpleasure -theplaceofpleasureinthegoodlifeP:---S:Taylor,"Pleasure:Aristotle'sResponsetoPlato.";Frede,"PleasureandPaininAristotle'sEthics.";Harte,"The

NicomachenEthicsonPleasure."F:Owen,"AristotelianPleasures.";Gosling,"MoreAristotelianPleasures."

EndofTerm--secondessaydue:16:00Friday,8April

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Suggested essay questions

Assessment

Twoessays,2000-2500wordseach.Youshouldchooseyourowntopicandtalktomeaboutit:youmusthaveyourtitleagreed.Youcanwriteaboutanyaspectofthecourse,providedthata)thereisnooverlap,andb)atleasthalfanessayisonPlato,andhalfandessayonAristotle.I.e.youcaneitherwriteoneessayoneach,oryoucanwriteoneonyoufavouritephilosopher,andoninwhichyoucomparePlatoandAristotle.Bibliography

Thisbibliographyisnotmeanttobecomprehensive:itisselective,withspecialattentiontotopicswecoverinthecourse.Itemsmarkedwiththeasteriskareespeciallyworthconsulting.

Monographsonpleasureinancientphilosophy*GoslingandTaylor,TheGreeksonPleasure.—brilliantbook,thoughattimesdifficult;coversallaspectsofour

courseWarren,ThePleasuresofReasoninPlato,Aristotle,andtheHellenisticHedonists.—insightfullycoversanaspectof

ourcoursevanRiel,PleasureandtheGoodLife:Plato,Aristotle,andtheNeoplatonists.—haschaptersonPlatoandAristotle,

butisperhapsbestfortracingtheinfluenceofPlato’sandAristotle’stheoriesWolfsdorf,PleasureinAncientGreekPhilosophy.—introductorybook,coveringallaspectsofourcourse,butthe

Aristotlechapterisnotrecommended;tobeenjoyedwithcautionRussell,PlatoonPleasureandtheGoodLife.—interestedintherelationbetweenpleasureandthegoodlifein

Plato;interesting,butrecommendedwithreservationsonlyRudebusch,Socrates,Pleasure,andValue.—mostlyon“early”dialogues(whichwedonotcover)Onpleasure:helpfulcontemporaryresourcesAydede,"AnAnalysisofPleasureVis-à-visPain."Feldman,"OntheIntrinsicValueofPleasures."*Feldman,PleasureandtheGoodLife:ConcerningtheNature,VarietiesandPlausibilityofHedonism.Goldstein,"WhyPeoplePreferPleasuretoPain."Goldstein,"PleasureandPain:Unconditional,IntrinsicValues."Katz,"Pleasure."Kenny,Action,Emotion,andWill.RyleandGallie,"Symposium:Pleasure."Taylor,"Pleasure."WilliamsandBedford,"Symposium:PleasureandBelief."PleasureinPlato’sRepublicErginel,"PlatoonaMistakeAboutPleasure."*Erginel,"InconsistencyandAmbiguityinRepublicIX."Kraut,"TheDefenseofJusticeinPlato’sRepublic."Taylor,"PlatoandAristotleontheCriterionofRealPleasures."*Warren,"PlatoonthePleasuresandPainsofKnowing."Warren,"SocratesandthePatients:RepublicIX,583c-585a."Wolfsdorf,"PleasureandTruthinRepublic9."

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Suggested additional readings

PleasureinPlato’sRepublic(continued)CommentariesontheRepublicAdam,TheRepublicofPlato:BooksVI-X.*Annas,AnIntroductiontoPlato'sRepublic.Pappas,TheRoutledgeGuidebooktoPlato'sRepublic.

PleasureinPlato’sPhilebusAufderheide,"AnInconsistencyinthePhilebus?"Carone,"HedonismandthePleasurelessLifeinPlato'sPhilebus."Carpenter,"HedonisticPersons.TheGoodManArgumentinPlato'sPhilebus."*Carpenter,"PleasureAsGenesisinPlato'sPhilebus."Cooper,"Plato'sTheoryofHumanGoodinthePhilebus."Cooper,Knowledge,Nature,andtheGood:EssaysonAncientPhilosophy.DillonandBrisson,Plato'sPhilebus:SelectedPapersFromtheEighthSymposiumPlatonicum.Evans,"PlatoandtheMeaningofPain."Evans,"Plato'sRejectionofThoughtlessandPleasurelessLives."*Evans,"Plato'sAnti-Hedonism."Evans,"PlatoonthePossibilityofHedonicMistakes."Frede,"Rumpelstiltskin'sPleasures:TrueandFalsePleasuresinPlato'sPhilebus."*Frede,"DisintegrationandRestoration:PleasureandPaininPlato’sPhilebus."Hampton,"Pleasure,TruthandBeinginPlato's"Philebus":AReplytoProfessorFrede."Harte,"ThePhilebusonPleasure:TheGood,theBadandtheFalse."*Harte,"CommentaryonEvans:Plato'sAnti-Hedonism."*Harte,"TheLifeofProtarchus'Choosing."Harte,"Desire,Memory,andtheAuthorityoftheSoul:Plato,Philebus35C—D."Miller,"ThePleasuresoftheComicandofSocraticInquiry:AporeticReflectionsonPhilebus48A--50B."Warren,"PlatoonthePleasuresandPainsofKnowing."CommentariesonthePhilebusDelcomminette,LePhilèbeDePlaton:IntroductionÀL'agathologiePlatonicienne.*Frede,Plato'sPhilebus,TranslatedwithIntroductionandNotes.Frede,PlatonPhilebos,ÜbersetzungundKommentar.Gosling,PhilebusTranslatedwithNotesandCommentary.Hackforth,Plato'sExaminationofPleasure;ATranslationofthePhilebus.PleasureinAristotle’sNicomacheanEthicsAnnas,"AristotleonPleasureandGoodness."Aubry,"NicomacheanEthicsVII.14:ThePainoftheLivingandDivinePleasure."Aufderheide,"ProcessesAsPleasuresinENVii11-14-aNewApproach."Bostock,"PleasureandActivityinAristotle'sEthics."Coope,"WhyDoesAristotleThinkThatEthicalVirtueIsRequiredforPracticalWisdom?"Gonzalez,"AristotleonPleasureandPerfection."Gosling,"MoreAristotelianPleasures."Hadreas,"TheFunctionsofPleasureinNicomacheanEthicsX4-5."*Harte,"TheNicomachenEthicsonPleasure."Heinaman,"PleasureAsAnActivityintheNicomacheanEthics."

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Full bibliographical details

Adam,J.TheRepublicofPlato:BooksVI-X.Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,1902.Annas,Julia."AristotleonPleasureandGoodness."InEssaysonAristotle'sEthics.EditedbyAmelieOksenbergRorty.

Berkeley:UniversityofCaliforniaPress,1980.———.AnIntroductiontoPlato'sRepublic.Oxford:ClarendonPress;NewYork:OxfordUniversityPress,1981.Aubry,Gwenaelle."NicomacheanEthicsVII.14:ThePainoftheLivingandDivinePleasure."InAristotle'sNicomachean

Ethics,BookVII:SymposiumAristotelicum.EditedbyCarloNatali.Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress,2009.Aufderheide,Joachim."AnInconsistencyinthePhilebus?"BritishJournalfortheHistoryofPhilosophy21,no.5(2013):

doi:10.1080/09608788.2013.825230.———."ProcessesAsPleasuresinENVii11-14-aNewApproach."AncientPhilosophy33,no.1(2013):doi:DOI:

10.5840/ancientphil20133318.Aydede,M."AnAnalysisofPleasureVis-à-visPain."PhilosophicalandPhenomenologicalResearch(2000):537-570.Bostock,David.Aristotle'sEthics.Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress,2000.———."PleasureandActivityinAristotle'sEthics."Phronesis33,no.3(1988):251-272.Broadie,Sarah.EthicswithAristotle.Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress,1991.Broadie,Sarah,andChristopherJRowe.Aristotle:Nicomacheanethics.Oxford;NewYork:OxfordUniversityPress,

2002.Carone,GabrielaRoxana."HedonismandthePleasurelessLifeinPlato'sPhilebus."Phronesis45,no.4(2000):257-

283.Carpenter,AmberDanielle."HedonisticPersons.TheGoodManArgumentinPlato'sPhilebus."TheBritishJournalfor

theHistoryofPhilosophy14,no.1(2006):5–26.———."PleasureAsGenesisinPlato'sPhilebus."AncientPhilosophy31,no.1(2011):73-94.Coope,Ursula."WhyDoesAristotleThinkThatEthicalVirtueIsRequiredforPracticalWisdom?"Phronesis:AJournal

forAncientPhilosophy57,no.2(2012):doi:10.1163/156852812X628998.

PleasureinAristotle’sNicomacheanEthics(continued)Frede,"PleasureandPaininAristotle'sEthics."Frede,"NicomacheanEthicsVII.11-12:Pleasure."*Owen,"AristotelianPleasures."Rapp,"PleasureandEudaimonia."Shields,"PerfectingPleasures:TheMetaphysicsofPleasureinNicomacheanEthicsX."Strohl,"PleasureAsPerfection:NicomacheanEthics10.4-5."*Taylor,"Pleasure:Aristotle'sResponsetoPlato."Taylor,"PlatoandAristotleontheCriterionofRealPleasures."Urmson,"AristotleonPleasure."Warren,"AristotleonSpeusippusonEudoxusonPleasure."CommentariesontheNicomacheanEthicsBostock,Aristotle'sEthics.Broadie,EthicswithAristotle.*BroadieandRowe,Aristotle:Nicomacheanethics.Irwin,NicomacheanEthics.Joachim,Aristotle.TheNicomacheanEthics:ACommentary.Pakaluk,Aristotle'sNicomacheanEthics:AnIntroduction.Stewart,NotesontheNicomacheanEthicsofAristotle.

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Cooper,JM.Knowledge,Nature,andtheGood:EssaysonAncientPhilosophy.Princeton:PrincetonUniversityPress,2004.

———."PlatoandAristotleon'finality'and'(self-)sufficiency."InKnowledge,Nature,andtheGood:EssaysonAncientPhilosophy.Princeton:PrincetonUniversityPress,2004.

———."Plato'sTheoryofHumanGoodinthePhilebus."InReasonandEmotion:EssaysonAncientMoralPsychologyandEthicalTheory.Princeton:PrincetonUniversityPress,1999.

Delcomminette,Sylvain.LePhilèbeDePlaton:IntroductionÀL'agathologiePlatonicienne.Leiden;Boston:Brill,2006.Dillon,JohnM,andLucBrisson.Plato'sPhilebus:SelectedPapersFromtheEighthSymposiumPlatonicum.International

PlatoStudies.SanktAugustin:AcademiaVerlagGmbH,2010.Erginel,MehmetM."PleasuresinRepublicIX."PhDthesis,Austin,Texas,2004.Erginel,MM."InconsistencyandAmbiguityinRepublicIX."TheClassicalQuarterly(NewSeries)61,no.02(2011):

493-520.———."PlatoonaMistakeAboutPleasure."TheSouthernjournalofphilosophy44,no.3(2006):447-468.Evans,Matthew."PlatoandtheMeaningofPain."Apeiron40,no.1(2007):71-94.———."PlatoonthePossibilityofHedonicMistakes."OxfordStudiesinAncientPhilosophy35(2008):89-124.———."Plato'sAnti-Hedonism."ProceedingsoftheBostonAreaColloquiuminAncientPhilosophy23(2008):121-145.———."Plato'sRejectionofThoughtlessandPleasurelessLives."Phronesis:AjournalforAncientPhilosophy52,no.4

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