6.antenna introduction(v0.1).pdf

7/29/2019 6.Antenna introduction(V0.1).pdf

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2

CDMA

Antenna Introduction



3

Syllabus¾ BTS Antenna System

Introduction¾ Antenna Diversity

¾ Electrical properties

¾ Mechanical properties

¾ Antenna Development



4

BTS Antenna System Introduction

antenna

7/16 Tie-in

1/2“ cable

7/8“ cable1/2 cable

BTS

arrester



5


Introduction¾ Antenna Diversity






6

Antenna DiversitySpace Diversity

Space Diversity：

when there exist certain space between tworeceiving antennas,they can receive the same signal with

different fading envelope . and if the correlation coefficient is

less than 0.7, the diversity receiving requirement is met.

Space Diversity requires ：

D>10λ h/D≤11

Where H : the height of the antenna.D : the distance between two antennas

Space Diversity is only used in horizontal



7

Polarization Diversity

Polarization Diversity can be

obtained if dual polarization (+

45° /- 45°) antenna is used at each

sector of each carrier

Antenna Diversity



8


Introduction

¾ Antenna Diversity






9

Electrical properties

Blah blahblah bl ah

Frequency Range

Impedance

Dipoles Polarization

Gain

VSWR Beamwidth

Downtilt

PatternElevation Upper Side lobes & Null Fill

Third OrderInter modulation

Front to Back Ratio Isolation



10

Wavelength

1/2 Wavelength

1/4 Wavelength

1/4 Wavelength

1/2 Wavelength

Dipole

1800MHz ：166mm

900MHz ：333mm

Dipoles



11

One dipoleReceived Power：1mW

multiple dipolesReceived Power：4 mW

GAIN = 10log(4mW/1mW) = 6dBd

Dipoles



12

10log(8mW/1mW) = 9dBd

Sector antennaReceived Power：8mW

Omnidirectional arrayReceived Power：4mW

(down look)

Antenna

Dipoles



13

Frequency Range

For CDMA1900 system， the frequency

range of antenna can be 1850－1990MHZ

For CDMA800 system,the frequency range

of antenna can be 824－896MHZ

For GSM900 system，the FrequencyRange of antenna can be 890-960MHz、

870-960MHz、807-960 MHz or 890-1880

MHz.



14

BANDWIDTH = 896 - 824 = 72MHz

Optimum 1/2 wavelength

for dipole at 860MHz

at896

MHz

AntennaDipole

at824

MHz

The Frequency Range of antenna inCDMA800M system



15

Impedance

50Ω

Cable

50 ohms

Antenna

50 ohms



16

9.5 W80

ohms50 ohms

forward: 10W

reverse: 0.5W

Return Loss：10log(10/0.5) = 13dB

VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio)

VSWR

576.12236.01

2236.01

1

1VSWR

10

5.0

=−

+

−

+

=

＝＝

ρ

ρ

ρ

Usual Request：VSWR<1.5

Reflection Coefficient：Γ=(VSWR-1)/(VSWR+1)

Return Loss：RL=-20lg Γ



17

Polarization

Vertical Horizontal

+ 45degree slant - 45degree slant



18

V/H (Vertical/Horizontal) Slant (+/- 45°)

Polarization



19

Linear,vertical

Polarization

dual linear ±45 ° slant



20

Gain

Ratio of antenna power density at adistant point relative to that of an

isotropic radiator as the two input power

values are the same.

Unless otherwise specified, the gain

usually refers to the direction of

maximum radiation.



21

Antenna gain is usually expressed in dBi or dBd

dBiGain relative to an isotropic antenna when the

reference antenna is an isotropic antenna.

dBd

Gain relative to a half-wave dipole when the

reference antenna is a half-wave dipole.

Gain



22half-wave dipole

isotropic radiator

eg: 0dBd = 2.15dBi

2.15dB

Gain



23

Pattern



24

120° (eg) Peak

Peak - 10dB

Peak - 10dB

10dB Beamwidth

60° (eg) Peak

Peak - 3dB

Peak - 3dB

3dB Beamwidth

Beamwidth



25

3dB Beam width Horizontal

Directional Antenna：65° /90° /105° /120°

Omni Antenna：360°



26

3dB Beam width Vertical

Directional Antenna Omni Antenna



27

Down Tilt

Mechanical Downtilt

Settled Electrical Downtilt

Modified Electrical Downtilt



28

Down Tilt



29

Down Tilt



30

No Downtilt Electrical DowntiltMechanical

Downtilt

Down Tilt



31

Down Tilt



32

Front to Back Ratio

The ratio of front max beam to

back max beam

F/B = 10 log typically ： 25dB(Front Power)

(Back Power)

Back Power Front Power



33

Elevation Upper Side lobes & Null Fill



34

Elevation Upper Side

lobes(dB)

Sidelobes



35

Null Fill



36

Permitted Power

The permitted power rangeof common antenna

25-1500 W

The permitted power of

BTS antenna should bebigger than 200 W



37

Third Order Inter modulation

IMD@2×43dBm

f 1, f 2, 2f 1-f 2, 2f 2-f 1

830MHz,835MHz,840MHz,845MHz



38

1000mW ( 1W) 1mW

10log(1000mW/1mW) = 30dB

Isolation



39


Introduction


¾

Electrical properties





Mechanical properties

Weight

Radome Material

Operation and Storage

Configuration Parameters

Mast

Light Protection

Dimensions



41

Dimensions

length×width×height

length：be related to vertical

beamwidth and gain

width： be related to horizontalbeamwidth

height：

be related to thetechnology of antenna



42

Weight

Having an Influence on

Transportation and Construction



43

Radome Material

PVC, ABS, fiberglass,etcSun-proof 、prevent frostbite，Fire-

retardant etc



44

Operation and Storage

Storage Temperature Range ：

Operating Temperature Range：

Typical：-40°C — +70°C

Typical：-40°C — +70°C



45

Configuration Parameters

Flat Plate Area

Shipping Dimensions

Wind Load

length×width×height

Eg: 83N at 160 km/h

The smaller the betterConnector Type

7/16”DIN，N，SMA female



46

Mast

Mast diameter 45-90mm



47

Light Protection

DC Ground



48


Introduction







49

Antenna Development

Wide Frequency

Much Function

High Integration

Smart Antenna



50

6.antenna introduction(v0.1).pdf

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