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5/20/2018 6t - HKI

1/6N TP TON 6 HK1- Trng THCS L Quang Cng Trang 1

CNG N TP TON 6 - HC K INm hc: 20122013

I. S HC

CH 1: THC HIN PHP TNH

1) Cc cng thc vly tha: na a.a.....a n 0

n tha so

1a a 0a 1 a 0

Nhn hai ly tha cng c s: m n m na .a a

Chia hai ly tha cng c s: m n m na : a a a 0, m n

2) Gi tr tuyt i ca s nguyn:- Gi tr tuyt i ca s dngbng chnh n. V d: 3 3

- Gi tr tuyt i ca s 0bng 0 0 0

- Gi tr tuyt i ca s mbng s i ca n. V d: 3 3 - Gi tr tuyt i ca mt s lun l s khng m: a 0 vi mi a

3) Cng, trhai s nguyn:- Cng hai s cng du: Kt qu mang du chung ca hai s .

(+) + (+) = (+)() + () = ()

- Cng hai s khc du: Kt qu mang du ca s c gi tr tuyt i ln hn.

Bi 1: Thc hin php tnh:

a) 25.85 + 15.25120 b) 23. 1723.14c) 32[30(62)2] d) 80(4.523. 23)e) 82(4. 523. 23) f) 15. 234. 325g) 2 10 22 .3 1 8 :3 h) 5

2. 32+ 25.91

i)75: 7

362. 2 + 23.22 j) 12: {390 : [500(125 + 35.7)]}

k) 49(- 54)23 l) 35{12[-14 + (- 2)]}

m) 1318(- 42)15 n) 31 17 13 52

p) 5 ( 19) 18 11 4 57 q) 117(- 69) + 15 + (- 25) - 117

Hng dn:Quan st, tnh nhanh nu c th.Tnh ng theo th t thc hin php tnh.

Bi 2: Thc hin php tnh

a) (- 8537) + ( 1975 + 8537) b) (57725)(60553)c) (3517) + (17 + 2035) d) (55 + 45 + 15)(1555 + 45)e) 273 + [- 34 + 27 + ( - 273)] f)452(-67 + 75452)

CH 2:TM X

Hng dn:Xt xemiu cn tm ng vai tr l s g trong php ton(s hng, str, s b tr, tha s, s chia, s b chia)(S hng) = (Tng)(S hng bit) (S tr) = (S b tr) (Hiu) (S b tr) = (Hiu) + (S tr)

(Tha s) = (Tch) : (Tha s bit) (S chia) = (S b chia) : (Thng) (S b chia) = (Thng). (S chia)

5/20/2018 6t - HKI


x 0 x 0

x mx m (m 0)

x m

Tm x, bit:

a) 1252x = 23 b) 4(x + 15) = 52c) 5(x : 34) = 15 d) [6x39) : 7].4 = 12

e) 1283(x + 4) = 23 f) x 10 .20 20 g) 4 3x 4 2 18 h) 3x 10 :10 50

i) x7 =57 j) x[42 + (28)] =8k) (3x24).73= 2.74 l) x 5 20 12 7

m) x 2 0 n) x 5 7 ( 3)

p) x 5 7 q) 2x+1.22009 = 22010

r) x 5 3 s) 10 2x 25 3x

CH 3: CCBI TON TM C,BC, CLN, BCNN

L thuyt:- Du hiu chia ht cho 2; 3; 5; 9. (SGK/ 37, 38, 40, 41)- Cch tm c, tm bi ca mt s. (SGK/ 44) - Th no l s nguyn t? Th no l hp s? (SGK/ 46)- Cch tm CLN, BCNN bng cch phn tch cc s ra tha s nguyn t. (SGK/ 55, 58)- Cch tm C, BC thng qua tm CLN, BCNN.(SGK/ 56, 59)

Bi 1: Tm CLN v BCNN ca:

a) 48 v 120 b) 54 v 90 c) 12 v 48d) 108 v 72 e) 30 v 90 f) 168 v 180g) 300; 160 v 56 h) 40; 75 v105 i) 24; 30 v 80

Bi 2: Tm x bit:a) x 12, x 21, x 28 v 150 x 400 b) x 18, x 30, x 75 v 0 x < 1000c) 112 x, 140 x v 10 < x < 20 d) 60 x, 84 x, 120 x v x 6

Bi 3: Vit cc tp hp sau bng cch lit k cc phn t:a) *A x N / x 40, x 48, x 800

b) M x N /12 x, 18 x, 60 x, x 4 Bi 4: Mt m t hnh ch nht di 60m,chiu rng 36m. Ngi ta mun chiam t thnh tng khonh t hnh vung bng nhau trngcc loi rau. Tnh di ln nht ca cnh hnh vung v s khonh t chia c.

Bi 5: Mt lp hc c 18 nam v 24 n. C bao nhiu cch chia t sao cho s namv s n mi t u nh nhau? Vi cch chia no th mi t c s HS t nht?

Bi 6:Ban i din CMHS lp 6A mun chia 180 quyn v, 108 bt bi v 84 bt chthnh mt s phn thng nh nhau thng cho hc sinh nhn dp s kt hc k I.

Hi c th chia c nhiu nht bao nhiu phn thng? Mi phn thng c baonhiu quyn v,bao nhiu bt bi v bao nhiu bt ch?

Bi 7: S HS khi 6 ca mt trng trong khong t 400 n 600 hc sinh. Khi xphng 12, hng 15, hng 18 u va hng. Tnh s HS khi 6 ca trng .

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Bi 8: Mt i y t c 24 bc s v 108 y t. C th chia i y t nhiu nht thnhmy t s bc s cng nh s y t c chia u vo cc t?

Bi 9:Trong mt bui lao ng trng cy vn trng ca lp 6A, hc sinh cchia lm hai nhm. Mi hc sinh nhm I phi trng 4 cy, mi hc sinh nhm II phitrng 6 cy. Tnh s hc sinh mi nhm, bit rng 2 nhm trng c tng s cy

bng nhau v trong khong t 50 n 60 cy.

CH 4: MT S BI TON KHC

Bi 1: Chng t:

a) S = 4 + 42+ 4

3+ 4

4+ .... + 4

99+ 4

100 chia ht cho 5.

b) S = 2 + 22+ 2

3+ 2

4+ ...+2

2009+ 2

2010chia ht cho 6.

Bi 2: Tm cc s t nhin x sao cho:

a) 6 (x1) b) 14 (2.x + 3)

Bi 3: Tm s t nhin n bit:

a) 2n.16 = 128 b) (2n + 1) 3= 27

II. HNH HC

Cn nm vng cc kin thc sau:

+ Cc nh ngha, khi nim v cch v: im, ng thng, tia, on thng, trung imca on thng, 3 im thng hng, 3 im khng thng hng, im nm gia hai im, hai tiai nhau, hai tia trng nhau, hai ng thng song song.

+ Quan h gia im, ng thng, tia, on thng (im thuc hay khng thuc ngthng, ng thng ct ng thng, on thng ct tia, ) v cch v.

+ Cc cch tnh dion thng:-Da vo tnh cht im nm gia hai im:

M nm gia hai im A v B AM MB AB -Da vo tnh cht trung im ca on thng:

M l trung im ca AB

AB

AM MB 2

+Cch nhn bit im nm gia hai im:

M, N Ox v OM < ON M nm gia O v NAM + MB = AB M nm gia A v B

+Cch nhn bit mt im l trung im ca on thng:

1)

AM MB AB M

MA MB

nam gia A va B

M cach eu A va B M l trung im ca on thng AB

2)AB

MA MB2

M l trung im ca on thng AB

3)

A,B, M

MA MB

phan biet va thang hang M l trung im ca on thng AB

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Bi 1: Trn ng thng xy ly cc im A, B, C, D, Etheo th t y.a) Vit tnhai tia i nhaugc A, hai tia i nhau gc C.

b) Vit tn hai tia trng nhau gc E, hai tia trng nhau gc C.c) C tt c my on thngtrn hnh v? Hy vittn cc on thng .

Bi 2: Trn tiaOx ly hai im M, N sao cho OM = 4cm, ON = 8cm.

a) im M c nm gia hai im O v N khng?b) So snh OM v MN.c) im M c l trung im ca on thng ON khng? V sao?

Bi 3: Trn tia Ox ly hai im A v B sao cho OA = 7cm, OB = 3,5 cm.a) Tnh di on thng AB.

b) im B c phi l trung im ca on thng OA khng? V sao?Bi 4: Trn tia Ox, xc nh hai im A v B sao cho OA = 7cm, OB = 3cm.

a) Tnh AB.

b) Trn tia i ca tia Ox, xc nh im C sao cho OC = 3cm. im O c ltrung im ca CB khng? V sao?Bi 5: Trn on thng AB = 6cm. V im M sao cho AM = 2cm v im C ltrung im ca MB.

a) Tnh MB.b) Chng t M l trung im ca AC.

Bi 6: Cho on thng AC = 7cm. im B nm gia A v C sao cho BC = 3cm.a) Tnh di on thng AB.

b) Trn tia i ca tia BA ly im D sao cho BD = 6cm. So snh BC v CD.c) im C c l trung im ca BD khng?

Bi 7: Trn ng thng xy, ly cc im A, B, C theo th t sao cho AB = 6cm,AC = 8cm.

a) Tnh di on thng BC.b) Gi M l trung im ca on thng AB. Hy so snh MC v AB.

Bi 8:Trn tia Ox ly hai im A v B sao cho OA = 7cm, OB = 3cm.

a) Tnh AB.b) Cng trn Ox ly im C sao cho OC = 5cm. Trong ba im A, B, C imno nm gia hai im cn li?

c) Tnh BC, CA.d) im C l trung im ca on thng no?

Bi 9: Trn tia Ox, v cc on thng OA, OB sao cho OA = 3cm, OB = 5cm.a) im A c l trung im ca OB khng? V sao?

b) Trn tia Ox, ly im C sao cho OC = 1cm. im A c l trung im ca

BC khng? V sao?Bi 10: Cho on thng AB = 6cm. Gi O l mt im nm gia A v B sao cho OA = 4cm. Gi M, N ln lt l trung im ca OA v OB. Tnh MN.

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III. MT S T LUYN 1

Bi 1: Thc hin php tnh:a)

136(2 . 52+ 23. 3) b) (-243) +(-12) + (+243) + (-38) +(+10)Bi 2: Tm x N, bit:

a)

6. (x81) = 54 b) 18(x4) = 32

Bi 3:Bit s hc sinh ca mt trng trong khong t 700 n 800 hc sinh, khixp hng 30, hng 36, hng 40 u va hng. Tnh s hc sinh ca trng .Bi 4:Cho on thng CD = 6cm, ly im M thuc on thng CD sao cho CM = 2cm.

a) Tnh di on thng MD.b) Trn tia i ca tia CM, ly im N sao cho CN = 2cm. Chng t im C l

trung im ca on thng NM.

2

Bi 1: Thc hin php tnh:a)

242 .5 131 13 4 b) 20 7 10 20

Bi 2: Tm s t nhin x, bit: x 12, x 21v 120 < x < 200.Bi 3: Chi hi cha m hc sinh lp 6A mun chia 240 quyn v, 144 bt bi v 72 btch thnh mt s phn thng nh nhau thng cho hc sinh nhn dp s kt hck I. Hi c th chia c nhiu nht bao nhiu phn thng? Khi mi phnthng c bao nhiu quyn v, bao nhiu bt bi v bao nhiu bt ch?

Bi 4: Cho on thng AB = 10cm, ly im C nm gia hai im A v B sao choAC = 5cm.

a) Tnh di on thng CB.b) im C c l trung im ca on thng AB khng? V sao?b) V im M l trung im ca on thng CB. Tnh di on thng CM.

Bi 5: Bn t em s t nhin a chia cho 18 th c s d l 6. Hi s a lnguyns nguyn t hay hp s? V sao?

3Bi 1: Thc hin php tnh:

a)

81 + (-69 ) + (-82) + (-27) b) -25 + 62.5: 4(86 )2

Bi 2: Tm x,bit:a) [3.(42x ) + 15]:5 = 23.3 b)

Bi 3: Mt on hc sinh gii gm 36 nam v 60 n itham quan. Khi i on dnh chia thnh nhm sao cho s nam v s n c chia u vo cc nhm. C thchia c nhiu nht bao nhiu nhm? Khi y mi nhm c bao nhiu hc sinh?Bi 4: Trn ng thng xy ly im O. Trn tia Ox t cc on thng OA,OB saocho OA = 2cm, OB = 4cm.

a) Tnh di on thng AB?b) im A cl trung im ca on OB khng? V sao?c) Trn tia Oy v im Dsao cho O l trung im ca AD.Tnh AD?

5/20/2018 6t - HKI


IV. KIM TRA HC K CC NM HC QUA

NM HC 2008 2009

Bi 1(2 im).Thc hin php tnh:a) 5017 + 250 + 15 b) 4.52+ 81: 32(134)2

c) 115(37) + 2 + (49) + (2) d) 815 + [95 + (815) + (45)]Bi 2(1,5 im).Tm x

a) 3 + x = 5

b) 5x + 1 = 2727: 27

c) x 2 0

Bi 3 (1,5 im).TmC(32; 40)Bi 4 (2 im). Ba xe t cng ch nguyn vt liu cho mt cng trng. Xe th

nht c 20 pht ch c mt chuyn, xe th hai c 30 pht ch c mt chuynv xe th ba c 40 pht ch c mt chuyn. Ln u ba xe khi hnh cng mtlc. Tnh khong thi gian ngn nht ba xe cng khi hnh ln th hai, khi mixe ch c my chuyn?Bi 5 (3 im). V tia Ox.

a) Trn tia Ox ly hai im A v B sao cho OA = 2cm, OB = 3,5cm. Trong 3im A, O, B im no nm gia hai im cn li?

b) Tnh di on thng AB.c) Trn tia Bx ly im C sao cho AC = 3cm. im B cl trung im ca

on AC khng?

NM HC 2009 2010

Bi 1(2 im).Thc hin php tnh:a) (26) + (15) c) 5.32+ 60: 22(116)2

b) (37) + 6 d) 705(x3) = 45Bi 2(2 im).Tm x

a) x12 = 20 c) 2009(x12) = 0b) 3x + 2 = 17 d) 705(x3) = 45

Bi 3 (1 im).TmCLN(24; 36)Bi 4 (2 im). Hc sinh khi 6 ca trng khi xp theo hng 10, hng 12, hng 15u va hng. Bit s HS khi 6 trong khong t 200 n 250. Tnh s HS khi 6ca trng.Bi 5 (3 im). Trn tia Ox, v hai on thng OM v ON sao cho OM = 3cm,ON = 5cm.

a) Trong 3 im M, N, O im no nm gia hai im cn li? V sao?b) Tnh di on thng MN.c) Trn tia i ca tia NM ly im P sao cho NP = 2cm. im N c l trung

im ca on MP khng?V sao?

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