ComputersCHAPTER 4 SECTION 3

001010110… convert text for humans

• SIMILAR TO OUR BASE-10 SYSTEM OF COUNTING

• EACH 1 OR 0 IS KNOWN AS A BIT• COMPUTER MEMORY IS MEASURED IN

KILOBYTES(1000), MEGABYTES(1 M), GIGABYTES(1B), AND TERABYTES(1T)

COMPUTER HARDWARE• REFERS TO PERMANENT PARTS OF A

COMPUTER• PARTS INCLUDE A CENTRAL PROCESSING

UNIT(CPU), INPUT DEVICE, AND OUTPUT DEVICE

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)

• DIRECTS THE OPERATION OF THE COMPUTER, PERFORMS OPERATIONS AND CALCULATIONS, AND DIRECTS THE STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL OF INFORMATION

INPUT DEVICES

• SENDS DATA TO THE CPU• EXAMPLES: KEYBOARD, MOUSE, GAMEPAD,

SCANNER, MICROPHONE

OUTPUT DEVICES

• PRESENTS DATA FROM THE COMPUTER• EXAMPLE: MONITOR, SPEAKERS, AND

PRINTERS

• Random Access Memory (RAM) – temporary storage area for data while the computer is operating.

• Read Only Memory (ROM) – information the computer needs to operate properly

INTERNAL MEMORY

• Used to store information• Examples: hard drive, floppy disk, cds

EXTERNAL MEMORY

-instructions that directs the computer hardware to perform operations

• Two kinds:– Operating System – set of basic instructions to

keep a computer remaining– Application Software – grouped by their function,

a particular task a computer can carry out

Computer Software

Computer Programming

• Uses computer language and converts input information into instruction for the computer