Principles of Sedimentology and Stratigraphy

Introduction

Definitions

Sedimentology = the study of the processes of formation, transport and deposition of material which accumulates as sediment in continental and marine environments and eventually forms sedimentary rocks

Stratigraphy = the study of rocks to determine the order and timing of events in Earth history

Sedimentary geology sedimentology + stratigraphy

Introduction

Temporal and spatial scales

Sedimentology focuses primarily on facies and depositional environments (how were sediments/sedimentary rocks formed?) Smaller temporal and spatial scales

Stratigraphy focuses on the larger scale strata and Earth history (when and where were sediments/sedimentary rocks formed?) Larger temporal and spatial scales

The stratigraphic record is nearly always very incomplete due to a limited

preservation potential, that decreases with increasing time scales

Introduction

Primary data sources for sedimentologic/ stratigraphic studies

Outcrops (consolidated vs. unconsolidated sediments) Cores (hand-operated vs. power-driven) Geophysical data (e.g., wireline logs, seismic, ground-penetrating radar)

Introduction

Primary data sources for sedimentologic/ stratigraphic studies

Outcrops (consolidated vs. unconsolidated sediments) Cores (hand-operated vs. power-driven) Geophysical data (e.g., wireline logs, seismic, ground-penetrating radar)

Introduction

Primary data sources for sedimentologic/ stratigraphic studies

Outcrops (consolidated vs. unconsolidated sediments) Cores (hand-operated vs. power-driven) Geophysical data (e.g., wireline logs, seismic, ground-penetrating radar)

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