7 configuration of ruggedcom switches.pdf

02/2007 1

Power Transmission and Distribution

Power AutomationProgress. It‘s that simple.

Power Transmission and DistributionCommunication in Substations with IEC 61850Ruggedcom Switch Configuration

Markus Spangler, Siemens AG, PTD EA 13

05/2007 2



Design rules for optical rings

1. A maximum of 30 SIPROTEC devices is permitted per ring. This is also trueif multiple rings are connected to one switch.

2. If two switches are used, they should be directly connected with oneanother.

3. If two switches are used, the output of information is redundant if theinformation is obtained from both switches; this means that in case of a failure of one switch all information is still available.

4. If two or more switches are used, the rings should always be connected to different switches. The switches should be connected with one another.

5. The ends of rings with SIPROTEC 4 devices should always be connected to two switches which are in turn connected with one another.

6. If rings contain more than one switch, the switches must be taken intoaccount for the total number of users.

7. If more than one external switch in used in a ring, the max. number of SIPROTEC devices must be calculeted according the formula:

Number of SIPROTEC 4 devices + 3*number of ext. switches < 34

05/2007 3



Optical module with integrated switch and ring redundancy

Optical ringwith 27

devices / ring(max. val)

just 2 external switches necessary

05/2007 4



Terms

Bridge:A network bridge connects multiple network segments at the data link layer (layer 2) of the OSI model. Bridges are similar to repeaters or network hubs, devices that connect network segments at the physical layer, however a bridge works by using bridging where traffic from one network is managed rather than simply rebroadcast to adjacent network segments

This method uses a forwarding database to send frames across network segments. The forwarding database is initially empty and entries in the database are built as the bridge receives frames. If an address entry is not found in the forwarding database, the frame will be broadcasted to all ports of the bridge, except the source address. By means of these broadcast frames, the destination network will respond and a route will be created. Along with recording the network segment to which a particular frame is to be sent, bridges may also record a bandwidth metric to avoid looping when multiple paths are available. Devices that have this transparent bridging functionality are also known as adaptive bridges.

05/2007 5



Terms

HUB:An Ethernet hub or concentrator is a device for connecting multiple twisted pair or fiber optic Ethernet devices together, making them act as a single segment. Hubs work at the physical layer (layer 1) of the OSI model. The device is thus a form of multiport repeater. Ethernet hubs are also responsible for forwarding a jam signal to all ports if it detects a collision(collision domain).A hubbed Ethernet network behaves like a shared-medium, that is, only one device can successfully transmit at a time and each host remainsresponsible for collision detection and retransmission. n Ethernet hub, or repeater, is a fairly unsophisticated broadcast device. Hubs do not manage any of the traffic that comes through them, and any packet entering any port is broadcast out on every other port (every port other than the port of entry).

05/2007 6



TermsSwitch:

A switch is a networking device that performs transparent bridging (connection of multiple network segments with forwarding based on MAC addresses) at up to the speed of the hardware. Common hardware includes switches, which can connect at 10, 100, or 1000 megabits per second (Mbit/s), at half or full duplex. Half duplex means that the device can only send or receive at any given time, whereas full duplex can send and receive at the same time. If a network has only switches and no hubs then the collision domains are either reduced to a single link or, if both ends support full duplex, eliminated altogether There are four forwarding methods a switch can use:

Store and forward - The switch buffers and, typically, performs a checksum on each frame before forwarding it on.

Cut through - The switch only reads up to the frame's hardware address beforestarting to forward it. There is no error checking with this method.

Fragment free - A method which attempts to retain the benefits of both "Store and Forward" and "Cut-through". Fragment Free checks the first 64 bytes of the frame, where addressing information is stored. This way the frame will always reach its intended destination. Error checking of the actual data in the packet is left for the end device in Layer 3 or Layer 4 (OSI), typically a router.

Adaptive switching - A method of automatically switching between the other three modes.

05/2007 7



Terms

Router:A router is a layer 3 computer networking device that buffers and forwards data packets across an internetwork toward their destinations, through a process known as routing. Routing occurs at layer 3 (the Network layer e.g. IP) of the OSI seven-layer protocol stack.A router acts as a junction between two or more networks to buffer and transfer data packets among them.

Gateway:is a node that serves as an entrance to another network, and vice-versa. Gateways are most commonly used to transfer data between privatenetworks and the internet.

05/2007 8



Configuration of rugged-Switches:

1.) By hyperterminal

2.) by telnet

3.) by Internet Explorer

2./3.): The IP-Address of the switches must be configured first withhyperterminal

Interesting information

http://www.ruggedcom.com/whitepapers.html

http://www.ruggedcom.com/whitepapers.html

05/2007 9



Configuration of rugged-Switches with hyperterminal

05/2007 10



Establishing the hyperterminal connection:

05/2007 11



Configuring the hyperterminal connection1.) Establish the communication via ‚Null-Modem-Cable‘ 1:1 extension (orvia 2pcs of DIGSI-cables) to the RS232 port of the switch

2.) Press ‚Enter‘

05/2007 12



Configuring the hyperterminal connection

3.) Insert username and password ‚admin‘ and the main menu will appear

05/2007 13



Configuring the hyperterminal connection4.) Set the IP-address of the switch by ‚Administration‘, => ‚Configure IP Services‘,the factory default IP-address of the switch is 192.168.0.1

Att: To transmit a config.csv-file by hyperterminal or tftp the tftp-Server mustbe enabled

05/2007 14



Configuring the hyperterminal connection5.) Set some system identification for the switch‚Administration‘, => ‚System Identification‘

05/2007 15



Configuring the hyperterminal connection6.) Set the time and date ‚Administration‘, => ‚Configure Time and Date‘

7.) Leave hyperterminal and ping the IP-address of the switch to check the communication

05/2007 16



Preparation of Internet Explorer

2.

1.

3.

4.

No proxy server

05/2007 17



Preparation of Internet Explorer

If you have to use the proxy server than you have to set the IP-addressesof all bus-participants under ´Exceptions`

2.

1.

3.

4.

No proxy server

05/2007 18



Configuring the switch with telnet:

Further settings can be donemore comfortable with telnet

user name:adminPassword:admin

05/2007 19



Configuring the switch with Internet Explorer:

Further settings can be donemore comfortable with the Internet Explorer

login-menu

used FW-verison of theswitch, use always thenewest one, if possible

factory defaultUsername: adminPassword: admin

05/2007 20



Configuring the switch with Internet Explorer:

Main Menu of the switch

05/2007 21



Switch settings

Administration

most important are:Configure IP ServicesParameterstime and date(SNTP)

05/2007 22



Switch settings

Ethernet Ports

most important are:Configure Port ParametersConfigure Port Mirroring(troubleshooting)

05/2007 23



Switch settings

Recommended settings in further topics of main menu of RUGGEDCOM:

Ethernet Ports => Configure Port Parameters

FOPorts

05/2007 24



Switch settings

for switch-to-switch Ports (Ring) setthe parameter like in the picture

05/2007 25



Switch settings

Ethernet ports

most important are:Bridge RSTP ParametersPort RSTP Parameter

05/2007 26



Switch settings


Spanning Tree => Configure Bridge RSTP Parameters

0= highest priorityeRSTP just in pure Ruggedcom rings

05/2007 27



Switch settings

Hello-Telegrams:The entire RSTP algoriths is based on ring control telegrams, the hello telegrams, which are repeated in a Hello Time interval. These telegrams originate from thedesignated port, which has always a matching root port. The aging time (MaxAgeTime) stored in the root bridge is entered in the telegram to be transmitted. This time is of prime importance for determining the stability of a ring. The Hello Time is a configurable parameter which is set by default to 2 seconds.

Aging time:Hello telegrams are subject to aging; the aging time is incremented internally in each switch, and used when a new hello telegram is transmitted via the root port. (default-value: 20 seconds)

Transmit Counter:max. amount of messages after reconfiguration. Value can be setto 100, value should be higher than the amount of switches. (default-value: 32)

Forward Delay:duration in which the switch learns the MAC-addresses of the connected devices without forwarding the traffic (learning state). With a low value the forwarding state will be reached earlier, but the disadvantage is that unlearned MAC-addresses will be flooded to all ports (default-value: 15 seconds)listening-delay is also referenced to forward delay

05/2007 28



Switch settings

Bridge Priority:Bridge priority is used to determine the Root-BridgeRoot-Bridge is the switch with the lowest IDRoot-Bridge should be in the center of the networkif all switches use the same priority, the switch with the lowest MAC-addresswill be the Root-Bridge automatically

Cost Style:choose „RSTP with 32 bit“the dedicated physical links will be allocated „costs“ in that way. The costsare more like an indication of the available bandwidth of this segment. Withthese values the segment for the logical separation of the ring will be done.

05/2007 29



Switch settings


Spanning Tree => Configure Port RSTP Parameters

FO ring Ports

05/2007 30



Switch settings

design rules for Edge Ports (True/False)

If the connected devices are not able to build up a ring, the appropriate portof the external switch must be set as edge port.SIPROTEC 4 devices which are directly connected via an electrical interfaceneed an edge port.SIPROTEC 4 devices with optical interface which are set to line mode needan edge port.SIPROTEC 4 devices with optical interface which are set to switch mode must never be connected to an edge port.External switches forming a ring must never be connected to an edge port, since it does not allow to form a ring.

RSTP-Port-Priority can be left to factory default (128)

05/2007 31



VLAN

Switch settings

With inserting addtitional informationbits to the ethernet frame a LAN segment can be devided in several independent subnets.An existing physical switch can segmented in different logical switchesin that way.So called trunk ports can carry frames of different VLAN.Subscriber of a VLAN can communicate to each other furthermore.GOOSE messages work with VLAN-Tagging.A certain part of this information of the ethernet frame contains thepriority bit.

With a VLAN you separate your network in different broadcast domains, so you reach a lower networkload in case of broadcasts.For communication between the different VLAN you need a layer 3 instance, a router.With VLAN you can save components (and thereby money) becauselogical devided networks run on the same plattform

05/2007 32



VLAN - how it works

05/2007 33



Switch settings

VLAN

most important are:Global VLAN ParametersPort VLAN Parameters

05/2007 34



Switch settings

Here you can activate theVLAN awareness

05/2007 35



Switch settings

here you can choose port type: edge or trunk

the number of the VLAN-ID

and the choice of tagged/untagged

05/2007 36



Switch settings

here you can createadditional VLANs

give them names

and insert forbidden ports

IGMP (for multicastgrouping) set default to off

05/2007 37



Switch settings

Alarming

Alarm = on means, that every link –down of this port will be indicaded at the fail-safe contact and be transmitted via SNMP as well. This feature isusefull for trunk connections and ports with always connected and activedevices

05/2007 38



Thank you very much for your attention.

7 configuration of ruggedcom switches.pdf

Documents