(7) effective stream

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SECTION 7

CENTRAL EMERGENCY AND FIRE SERVICES RESPONSE

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Effective Streams


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Objectives

1. Understand the heat absorbing qualities of water

2. Recognize the signs of effective fire streams

3. Use the sign to make effective nozzle movements andpattern changes

4. Use effective streams to control fuel at its source

5. Use master streams effectively


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Effective Fire Stream Definition

The widest stream of water delivered through a nozzle thateffectively controls the fuel or fire

Purpose :1. Absorb heat2. Control fuel3. Disperse vapors4. Redirecting flames5. Adequately cools exposures


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Advantages of Water

Readily available

Inexpensive resource

Ease of distribution

Good heat absorbing quantities


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Example

1 gal (3.8 liters) Gasoline = 130,000 BTUs

1 gal (3.8 liters) Water absorbs = 9,350 BTUs

Therefore, if effectively applied, 14 gal (53 liters) watercan absorb the heat generated from 1 gal (3.8 liters) ofgasoline


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Common Uses of Water

1. Controlling fuel at its source!

2. Equipment protection (cooling)

3. Sweeping fuel away from equipment

4. Quenching fuel below its flash point

5. Vapor suppression / dilution

6. Personnel protection


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Priorities for Water Application

Cooling :- Fixed systems first- Protect uninsulated equipment

Confinement :

- Limit spreadControl flames

Control :- Use effective streams- Control fuel at its source

Extinguish the fire CENTRAL EMERGENCY AND FIRE SERVICES RESPONSE

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The preferred method of extinguishment for pressure or 3-dimensional fires leaking hydrocarbon is :

ELIMINATE THE FUEL SOURCE

With effective stream application, rapidextinguishment is not critical


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Common Errors in the Use of Water

Failure to control fuel at its source

Too much is used- Overload sewer capacity- Fills dikes and curbings

- Depletes water supply

Destroys foam


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Common Errors contd

Excess reliance on Straight streams

Excess reliance on full fog streams

Failure to properly use fixed systems


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Liabilities of Straight Streams

Can injure personnel

Can damage equipment

Can miss desired target (fuel source)

Can knock out radios

Very destructive to foam

Can spread fuel and fire


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Liabilities of Full Fog Streams

Provides no power for fuel control

Very poor reach

Provides false sense of security

Obscures vision

Makes pattern integrity vital

You may be comfortable and cool, but the fire just getsworse!


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Fog Patterns Induce Large Volumes of Air !

Good- Ventilation- Moving or dispersing

Bad- Recirculates smoke- Draws fire toward thenozzle

- Does poorly in pressure fire

control


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Effective Fire Streams Consist of 3 Major Elements

1. Reliable water supply

2. Efficient delivery

3. Effective application


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What is an Effective Stream?

Answer: The widest stream of water delivered through a nozzle

that effectively control s the fuel or fire

1. Absorbs maximum quantity of heat

2. Controls fuel (at source if possible)

3. Disperses vapor

4. Redirect flames

5. Adequately cools exposures

Managing 5 variables requires constant attention


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Signs of Effective Fire Streams :

1. Change in fire intensity (visual)

2. Change in radiated heat (feel)

3. Change in noise level (auditory)

4. Change volume of smoke (visual)

5. Change in color of smoke (visual)


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Bridge the Gap !

Effective streams :

Buys time

Increases opportunity for success

Improves safety


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Nozzle Adjustments

Made to obtain the most effective stream

Types of nozzle adjustments- Position adjustments- Pattern adjustments

Keys to nozzle adjustments- Finesse- Opportunism


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Finesse

Make adjustment slowly

Watch for the fires reaction

Dont look at the nozzle

Watch for the signs of effective streams


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Opportunism

Be alert for

opportunities to getthe most bite on thefire

Take advantage of allopportunities

Fire is like a wild animal Struggling to survive !!!!


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Control the Fuel at its Source!


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Firefighting Streams : Control Techniques


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Summary

The Most Effective FireStream is the Widest

Stream That Cools,Confines and Controls

the Fuel and / or Fire


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Summary

Use 5 indicators to evaluate Effectiveness

Make Nozzle Position and Pattern changes slowly

Opposing Streams are NOT safe!


CEFS RESPONSE

(7) effective stream

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