7. f2014 everyday life in early tudor england housing
DESCRIPTION
Vernacular housing in Tudor EnglandTRANSCRIPT
Every Day LifeHomes Before the ‘Great Rebuilding’
Solar
Chamber Hall
Kitchen
Some Aims in Home Design
Medieval
• Suitability to status
• Shelter
• Protection
• Accommodate occupations– Farming
– Crafts
• Freedom from discomfort
Early Modern
• Privacy
• Cleanliness
• Warmth
• Light
• Comfort
Additions of the ‘Great Rebuilding’
• Floor over hall
• Stairs
• Smoke bay or hood
– Fireplace and chimney
– More fireplaces
• Glazing
Rebuilding Over Time
• Original postulate (Hoskins) 1570-1640
• Kent; Sussex Weald; Halifax, Yorkshire 15th C.
• Devon Late 16th C
• Oxfordshire 1600-1640
• Gloucestershire 1630-1690
• Wales Mid 17th C.
Peasant houses - Yorkshire
31 houses
• 14 do not mention rooms
• 15 had halls – cooking, sitting, eating
• 17 had chambers - sleeping
• 12 use the word kitchen. (also service space)
Furnishings
• Rushes as floor covering
• Almary or aumbry (armoire) in six houses
• Trestle table; chairs; benches; stools
– Window seats built in
Hearth
• Smoke holes with shutters in roof or eaves
• Intake through windows
• Dangers?
Framing
Two bay longhouse, Dartmoor
Three bay yeoman’s longhouse, Buckinghamshire
Three Bay Cruck House
Reconstruction of house (before 1552)
Solar
Chamber Hall
Kitchen
Housing in Wales
• Gentry house: A permanent, multi-bayed timber house of distinctive cruck-framed (wood counterpart of the stone arch) type.
Two bayed hall
• Peasant House: Single bayed hall; less ornate truss
Great House, Newchurch, Radnorshire (Gentry house)
Bishop Bonner’s Cottage (Museum), Dereham, Norfolk
Cob House, Devon 1539
Tyddyn Llwydion, Pennant Melangell, Montgomeryshire. 1554Reconstruction of a peasant hall house (single-bayed hall)
Wealdon House
• Jettied (overhanging) ends,
• Linked at eaves level by a continuous plate
• Single hipped roof.
Building a peasant house
Cruck House Scotland
Fron-Goch, Nantmel, Walesrecorded 1875
Hampshire – New buildings and remodeled onesRoberts, Edward. "WG Hoskins's' Great Rebuilding’ and Dendrochronology in Hampshire." Vernacular architecture 38.1 (2007): 15-18.
Owner recognition in a Welsh peasant house
Base and full crucks
A Consequence of the Dissolution of the Monasteries
• Decline of domestic glass industry (loss of market)
• Availability of salvaged glass
• New glass importedPanel of leaded glass
fitted to diamond mullions at MeadlandsCottage, Needham Market, Suffolk
Windows
• No covering except shutter
• Cloth
• Glass after 13th century in high status dwellings: Windows often considered movables
Domestic furnishings
• Fabrics
– Bedding
– Pillows
– Sheets
– Coverlets
Bed 1480
Seating
• Chairs
• Stools
• Forms (backless benches)
Almary
Furniture ~1500
‘Form’